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Tribunal: Pino, Amabelia del; Nabinger, Carlos; Piñeiro, Gervasio Los pastizales del “Río de la Plata” representan un extenso ecosistema en América del Sur, dominado por pastizales naturales. Su productividad primaria neta área (PPNA) está limitada principalmente por el clima y la fertilidad de suelos. Estos pastizales altamente biodiversos utilizados para la producción ganadera extensiva tienen consistentemente niveles de fósforo (P) en suelo y en planta bajos a muy bajos. Para aumentar su productividad se ha considerado, i) la fertilización con P (CNP), ii) la incorporación de leguminosas junto con la fertilización P, sin eliminar el tapiz natural (MECN). A pesar de existir numerosos trabajos sobre CNP en la región, no existe aún acuerdo de su impacto, ni de los mecanismos subyacentes. Aquí, presentamos un metaanálisis de 48 estudios sobre fertilización con P (428 comparaciones) realizados en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay. La fertilización aumentó la concentración de P en la pastura más frecuentemente (54 vs 31% respuestas independientes) y, en mayor magnitud (55 vs 27% efecto medio relativo), que la PPNA. La proporción N:P del forraje se redujo en 61% de los casos y con un efecto promedio relativo 32%. Otras limitantes, particularmente el nitrógeno (N) parecen ser más importantes en función de los niveles de N:P en la pastura. Los MECN han sido una tecnología efectiva para incrementar la productividad de estos sistemas a través de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno (FBN). Sin embargo, no existen estimaciones de FBN en MECN ni se han estudiado los factores que la condicionan ni tampoco el efecto de la FBN en el resto de la comunidad. En 69 sitios en Uruguay se estimó la FBN y las principales variables de suelo y planta. En promedio 67 ±26% del N proviene de FBN, con una eficiencia de 19,4 ±8,2 (kg N fijado Mg MS⁻¹), ambas con gran variabilidad. Las características de suelo explican muy poco los niveles de FBN, desatacando la fertilización acumulada de P. La relación N:P para gramíneas-C₄ y graminoides- C₃ muestra una deficiencia relativa de N o exceso de P a pesar del N incorporado por FBN.

9 pags., 6 figs., One of the factors that can contribute to the resolution of long, doped inorganic scintillators used for nuclear spectroscopy is the variation of the dopant concentration over the length the detector crystal. In this work an investigation of such potential variations in one of the CsI(Tl) scintillators used in the calorimeter, CALIFA, of the RB experiment at FAIR, has been performed using particle induced X-ray emission. No statistically significant gradient in doping level was found along the long axis of the investigated sample crystal and the mean value of the Tl concentration was measured to be 0.0839(38)% by weight. This corresponds to a light output of 97.3 % relative to the maximum attainable light output according to previously published work. By taking the ±1σ bounds, the 3% statistical spread in the relative light output provides a good reference value of the minimum light-output non-uniformity observed for the CALIFA crystals. If the relative light output is estimated pointwise from a set of Tl concentration measurements a light-output non-uniformity of 4.6(2.4)% results. For a γ-ray energy of 662 keV the deduced variation in Tl concentration contributes with 0.48(6)% to the typical resolution of 7.74(6)% measured with a collimated source along the crystal main axis. The result is of interest for the characterization of the detector system performance and for realistic simulations of the light collection process in detector systems that are used for nuclear spectroscopy and calorimetry., This work was supported by the Swedish research council (VR) grants 2017-03986, 2014-06644, 2013-04178, 2012-04550, BMBF contracts 05P15WOFNA, 05P19WOFN1, 05P15RDFN1, 05P19RDFN1, the TU Darmstadt – GSI cooperation contract HIC for FAIR, by the Spanish National Research Council, Spain grants FPA02015-64969-P (MINDECO/FEDER/EU), FPA2015-69640-C2-1-P, PGC2018-099746-B-C21, MDM-2016.0692 (MINECO/FEDER/EU) and by GRC, Germany ED431C 2017/54 (Xunta de Galicia/FEDER/EU).

This work aimed to investigate the accumulation of fucoxanthin and lipids inTisochrysisluteaduring growth (N+) and nitrogen-starvation (N−) and to correlate these products with single-cell emissions using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Fucoxanthin content decreased 52.94% from N+ to N− in batch cultivation;increased 40.53% as dilution rate changed from 0.16 to 0.55 d−1in continuous cultivation. Total lipids (N−)were constant (~250 mg/g), but the abundance of neutral lipids increased from 4.87% to 40.63%. Nile red canstain both polar and neutral lipids. However, in vivo, this differentiation is limited due to an overlapping ofsignals between 600 and 660 nm, caused by neutral lipids concentrations above 3.48% (W/W). Chlorophyllautofluorescence(720nm)wasreportedforthefirsttimeasaproxyforfucoxanthin(R2=0.90)andpolarlipids(R2= 0.98). FACS can be used in high throughput quantification of pigments and lipids and to select and sortcells with high-fucoxanthin/lipids.

Traballo de Fin de Grao en Odontoloxía. Curso 2019-2020 Objetivos: Se conoce que el tratamiento de microabrasión es efectivo para el tratamiento de las decoloraciones dentales, pero el diente sufre un desgaste y queda debilitado, es por esto, que, en la actualidad, se realiza posteriormente un tratamiento de remineralización con una serie de compuestos para recuperar los minerales perdidos del diente. Por lo que, este trabajo quiere dar a conocer las ventajas que se consiguen añadiendo un proceso de remineralización después de la microabrasión en el tratamiento de las lesiones en esmalte. Material y métodos: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para hacer una comparativa y dar a conocer las ventajas de combinar la microabrasión con la remineralización del esmalte en el tratamiento de las decoloraciones dentales. Resultados: Se confirma que el uso de agentes remineralizantes promueven una mejora en la estructura del diente después del tratamiento con microabrasivos en el tratamiento de las lesiones del esmalte. Conclusión: El tratamiento combinado de microabrasión y remineralización es el tratamiento ideal para la eliminación de las decoloraciones dentales, ya que le proporciona una serie de ventajas a la superficie del esmalte. Objective: It is known that the microabrasion treatment is effective for the treatment of dental discolorations, but the tooth suffers from wear and gets weakened. Which is why, subsequently to microabrasion, a remineralization treatment is carried out including a series of compounds to recover lost minerals from the tooth. Therefore, this work aims to publish the advantages of adding a remineralization process after microabrasion in the treatment of enamel lesions. Materials and methods: A literature review is carried out to compare and to reveal the advantages of combining microabrasion with enamel remineralization in the treatment of dental discolorations. Results: The use of remineralizing agents is confirmed to promote an improvement in the tooth structure after microabrasive treatment in the treatment of enamel lesions. Conclusions: The combination of microabrasion with remineralization treatment seems to be the ideal treatment for the elimination of dental discolorations, since it provides a series of advantages to the damaged enamel surface.

The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces chlorophyll side chains and compounds that function in resistance to abiotic stresses, including carotenoids, and isoprene. Thus we investigated the effects of moderate and severe drought on MEP pathway function in the conifer Picea glauca, a boreal species at risk under global warming trends. Although moderate drought treatment reduced the photosynthetic rate by over 70%, metabolic flux through the MEP pathway was reduced by only 37%. The activity of the putative rate-limiting step, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), was also reduced by about 50%, supporting the key role of this enzyme in regulating pathway metabolic flux. However, under severe drought, as flux declined below detectable levels, DXS activity showed no significant decrease, indicating a much-reduced role in controlling flux under these conditions. Both MEP pathway intermediates and the MEP pathway product isoprene incorporate administered 13CO2 to high levels (75–85%) under well-watered control conditions indicating a close connection to photosynthesis. However, this incorporation declined precipitously under drought, demonstrating exploitation of alternative carbon sources. Despite the reductions in MEP pathway flux and intermediate pools, there was no detectable decline in most major MEP pathway products under drought (except for violaxanthin under moderate and severe stress and isoprene under severe stress) suggesting that the pathway is somehow buffered against this stress. The resilience of the MEP pathway under drought may be a consequence of the importance of the metabolites formed under these conditions.

6 pags., 8 figs., 3 tabs., CALIFA is the high efficiency and energy resolution calorimeter for the RB experiment at FAIR, intended for detecting high energy light charged particles and gamma rays in scattering experiments, and is being commissioned during the Phase-0 experiments at FAIR, between 2018 and 2020. It surrounds the reaction target in a segmented configuration with 2432 detection units made of long CsI(Tl) finger-shaped scintillator crystals. CALIFA has a 10 year intended operational lifetime as the RB calorimeter, necessitating measures to be taken to ensure enduring performance. In this paper we present a systematic study of two groups of 6 different detection units of the CALIFA detector after more than four years of operation. The energy resolution and light output yield are evaluated under different conditions. Tests cover the aging of the first detector units assembled and investigates recovery procedures for degraded detection units. A possible reason for the observed degradation is given, pointing to the crystal-APD coupling., This work has been financially supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grants agree-ments No 262010 (ENSAR) and No 654002 (ENSAR2), the Spanish MICCIN grants FPA47831-C2-1P and FPA2015-69640-C2-1-P, by the Plan Galego de Investigación, Innovación e Crecemento (I2C) of Xunta de Galicia, Spain under projects POS-B/2016/015, GRC2013-011 andED431C 2017/54 and by the German BMBF (No. 05P19RDFN1), TUDarmstadt - GSI cooperation contract, HIC for FAIR.

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Hypoderma antigens are involved in host inflammation and immune response, conditioning larvae survival. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from Hypoderma sensitized and unsensitized cattle were performed to determine the effect of H. lineatum antigens and incubation time (18, 24, 48 h) on IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA gene expression determined by RT-qPCR. TNF-α and IL-4 gene expression were higher in Hypoderma previously sensitized PBMCs, suggesting that a mixed Th1/Th2 response may play a significant role in host defence reactions against Hypoderma exhibited by previously infested cattle. Incubation time had a significant effect on IL-10 and TNF-α gene expression, which decreased over time. Regarding to H. lineatum antigens, the crude larval extract and the purified fraction hypodermin B (HB) produced a significant reduction of the mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ; moreover, the HB had a stimulating effect on the mRNA gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, demonstrating that the parasite would modulate the host defence mechanisms by avoiding harmful immune responses that would limit its survival into the host tissues.

Resumen La telemedicina se presenta como una alternativa en el seguimiento de los pacientes con Covid-19 en situación de aislamiento domiciliario. En la provincia de Ourense (España), el Servicio Gallego de Salud, mediante la plataforma de asistencia domiciliaria TELEA, gestionada por enfermeras pertenecientes al Equipo de Seguimiento Compartido de Atención Hospitalaria (ESCAH), aporta un control domiciliario a todos aquellos pacientes que así lo requieren. Objetivo: evaluar la implantación y gestión de la plataforma de asistencia domiciliaria TELEA, como herramienta de control en la evolución de los pacientes diagnosticados como Covid-19 positivos, con la enfermería como guía. Metodología: estudio cuanti-cualitativo explicativo secuencial (QUAN → QUAL). Población a estudio: pacientes Covid-19 positivos incluidos en el programa de atención domiciliaria TELEA, con periodo de incorporación a la plataforma, entre el 17/03/2020 y el 30/04/2020. Resultados: Los datos del estudio cuantitativo muestran un paciente proactivo, cifras bajas de ingresos y atención en urgencias durante su estancia en TELEA-ESCAH y una alta capacidad de resolución enfermera. El estudio cualitativo muestra la satisfacción de los pacientes con la plataforma y con el cuidado integral proporcionado por las enfermeras. Conclusiones: TELEA se presenta como una buena herramienta para el control de los pacientes con Covid-19 en aislamiento domiciliario. La atención enfermera es básica en el éxito de la teleasistencia con TELEA.

Nunca a liquidez foi un ben tan prezado. A Gran Crise de 2008 contraeu a demanda e estrangulou o crédito. E a que apunta tras a sacudida do COVID confirma que o que ten liquidez quizá poida aguantar e sobrevivir. Esa é a terapia que se prescribe ás empresas desde as políticas públicas. A xestión do circulante debe orientarse, máis que nunca, a preservar a liquidez e, tamén, a apoiar a rendibilidade. Este traballo tratar de ocupar un espazo de coñecemento útil para un estudante de finanzas e para un xestor financeiro. Faio coa humildade que debe ter o coñecemento cando un financeiro ha de enfrontarse ás súas limitacións.

The mobility industry is experiencing an in-depth transformation looking for higher efficiency, and this evolution has relevant impact from the economic and social perspective. Nevertheless, technological and mobility trends involve uncertainty on users, policy makers, and businesses. Thus, the analysis of the technologies and their associated trends is relevant for enabling a general understanding of new features and social benefits that can shape the mobility trends toward a better experience. This paper intends to forecast and understand the impact of the new trends on general public through qualitative research deployed with experts from different European countries. It aims at clarifying the predisposition to adapt daily habits to adopt autonomous and connected vehicles, electrical motorizations and servitization. Those areas of deployment in the mobility industry represent relevant dilemmas in terms of social exchange. Businesses, technical and physical infrastructures, public services and regulations are among those areas highly affected by this evolution. Despite the reported advantages of those trends, those innovations will only be supported by specific groups of population and policy-makers unless they show similar benefits to traditional mobility means. Mobility-as-a-Services will be widespread in parallel with the improvement of the service offered, cost reduction, and geographical coverage.

Antecedentes: la cadena de valor global (GVC, por sus siglas en inglés) es un enfoque muy recurrido para analizar los cambios en la geografía productiva en el sector de autopartes. Con este enfoque, determinadas regiones tienen poder de decisión en la coordinación de actividades productivas y de innovación tecnológica. Como este modelo espacial es dinámico, es posible cambiar el estatus inicial de una región dentro de la GVC. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las claves de la evolución de México en el sector de autopartes bajo la perspectiva de la GVC y pone el foco en el desarrollo de las empresas domésticas y en el papel de las instituciones.Metodología: se combina un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo para comparar variables clave de las empresas domésticas e instituciones de una región mexicana (el Bajío) con las de una región de España, con un estatus intermedio dentro de la GVC (región noroeste).Resultados: el grado de multinacionalización de las empresas mexicanas, entendido como la presencia de multinacionales domésticas líderes en el sector, es muy bajo comparado con el de las empresas españolas. Además, las empresas mexicanas presentan actividades con menor valor añadido y complejidad, y son mayoritariamente proveedores simples de componentes o materias primas no posicionadas en los primeros niveles de suministro de la GVC. Esto merma la innovación tecnológica y repercute en una escasa diversificación en conocimiento de la región mexicana, con competencias y capacidades comparativamente más simples.Conclusiones: la multinacionalización y la capacidad de innovación tecnológica de las empresas domésticas son clave para que México evolucione en la GVC del sector. En la medida en que las instituciones públicas mejoren el desempeño de algunas de las infraestructuras de innovación y el fomento de las políticas públicas hacia la multinacionalización y la innovación tecnológica de las empresas domésticas, se favorecerá la evolución de México dentro de la GVC del sector.

This work aims at optimizing biomass and exopolysaccharide productivities of Botryococcus braunii CCALA 778 grown under simulated Mediterranean climate conditions. The effect of temperature and light irradiance on biomass and exopolysaccharide productivity were studied. Our results show that light:dark cycles lead to higher biomass and sugar productivities in comparison to continuous illumination. The optimal temperature of Botryococcus braunii CCALA 778 ranges from 23 to 26 °C, although it is tolerant to low temperatures (4 °C). The highest exopolysaccharide productivity (0.29 ± 0.05 g exopolysaccharide L − 1 day −1 ) was obtained during high light irradiance (simulating a summer day) and temperature controlled at 26 °C.

Acesso ao texto integral: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6829762/ We report a case of a 43-year-old man with situs inversus and dextrocardia who was admitted with syncope in the setting of complete atrioventricular block. The complex anatomy poses a considerable challenge to transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation. We employed a novel technique using vascular ultrasound and agitated saline solution to assist with lead positioning. This technique could be useful in pediatric populations or younger patients, in whom the use of ionizing radiation is an important issue. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The governance of regional research networks: lessons from Spain. Regional Studies. This paper studies in depth the governance factors that influence performance in research networks promoted by regional policy-makers. Analysis of an original dataset, made up of 11 public research networks in Galicia (Spain), demonstrates that governance factors and performance are positively related. Strong ties – those with frequent and varied cooperative interactions – tend to prevail over weak ties, and networks with clearly defined structures and roles are also especially resilient. Companion-based trust has a significant and positive influence on performance. The implications suggest that when policy-makers decide to promote research networks, they should assess not only technical capabilities but also governance issues.