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351. In situ template polymerization of aniline on the surface of negatively charged TiO2 nanoparticles

Author

PilHo Huh, Ki-Tae Lee, Dong-Han Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Jang-Oo Lee, and Nam-Ju Jo

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Infrared spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, chemistry, Polymerization, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Polyaniline, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Ammonium persulfate, Thermal stability, Cyclic voltammetry
Abstract

The in situ oxidative template polymerization of aniline was performed successfully on the surface of negatively charged titania (TiO2) nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 40 nm using ammonium persulfate and a Chem-Solv solution at pH 1 and 25 °C. SEM showed that the resulting polyaniline (PANI)/TiO2 composites were well dispersed in solution due to the electrostatic repulsion force. Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry showed that the optical, thermal, and electrical properties of PANI/TiO2 composites were quite different from those of pure PANI or TiO2, which was attributed to the strong interaction between the two components. The conductivity of the PANI/TiO2 composite was estimated to be 0.91 × 10−1 S/cm at 25 °C in the range of semiconductor.

Published
2009

352. Metal-Insulator Transition-Induced Adsorption-Resistant Behavior of Small Au Nanoparticles

Author

Jin-Hee Han, Chan-Cuk Hwang, Jinwook Chung, Hyo‐Sang Kim, Young Don Kim, Sanghoon Uhm, Bongsoo Kim, Han-Na Hwang, and Sunyoung Shin

Subjects
Photoemission spectroscopy, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Nanoparticle, Photochemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Transition metal, Chemisorption, Reactivity (chemistry), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Butanethiol, Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
Abstract

Smaller nonmetallic nanoparticles are more inert: Metal-insulator transition of Au nanoparticles on silica is closely related to the metal-support charge transfer, which has a strong influence on chemisorption reactivity of Au. Smaller nonmetallic Au nanoparticles are more resistant towards butanethiol chemisorption [picture and graph: see text].The size-dependent variation of the electronic and chemical properties of Au nanoparticles formed on native Si oxide surfaces is investigated using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption reactivity toward butanethiol adsorption initially increases with decreasing particle size; however, the reactivity of Au nanoparticles becomes gradually lower below a size of approximately 0.8 nm. The photoemission spectral changes suggest a metal-insulator transition, accompanied by negative charge transfer from the nanoparticles to the support, which may be the source of the chemical inertness of small Au nanoparticles.

Published
2009

353. Composition-Tuned ConSi Nanowires: Location-Selective Simultaneous Growth along Temperature Gradient

Author

Kumar S. K. Varadwaj, Juneho In, Jinhee Kim, Younghun Jo, Bongsoo Kim, Myung-Hwa Jung, Hana Yoon, Sunghun Lee, and Kwanyong Seo

Subjects
Silicon, Nanostructure, Materials science, Magnetoresistance, Macromolecular Substances, Surface Properties, Molecular Conformation, Temperature, General Engineering, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Heterojunction, Cobalt, Crystal structure, Nanostructures, Crystal, Chemical engineering, Sapphire, General Materials Science, Orthorhombic crystal system, Particle Size, Crystallization
Abstract

We report the simultaneous and selective synthesis of single-crystalline Co(n)Si NWs (n = 1-3) and their corresponding crystal structures--simple cubic (CoSi), orthorhombic (Co(2)Si), and face-centered cubic (Co(3)Si)--following a composition change. Co(n)Si NWs were synthesized by placing the sapphire substrates along a temperature gradient. The synthetic process is a successful demonstration of tuning the chemical composition in Co(n)Si NWs. The synthesis and detailed crystal structure of single-crystalline Co(2)Si and Co(3)Si are reported for the first time including the bulk and the nanostructure phases. The electrical and magnetic properties of Co(2)Si NWs are investigated and compared with those of CoSi NWs.

Published
2009

354. Creating Well-Defined Hot Spots for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering by Single-Crystalline Noble Metal Nanowire Pairs

Author

Wonjun Choi, Bongsoo Kim, Kwanyong Seo, Taejoon Kang, Q-Han Park, Hyotcherl Ihee, Ki Seok Jeon, Youngdong Yoo, Ilsun Yoon, Yonghoon Lee, and Yung Doug Suh

Subjects
Materials science, Nanowire, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, General Energy, Electric field, symbols, engineering, Noble metal, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Polarization (electrochemistry), Raman scattering
Abstract

Well-defined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active systems were fabricated by single-crystalline noble metal nanowires. Crossed and parallel nanowire pairs were constructed by using a nanomanipulator to create SERS hot spots in the form of nanowire junction. SERS spectra of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), p-mercaptoaniline (pMA), and p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) were observed at the junction of two nanowires. The SERS enhancement and polarization dependence are correlated well with the enhanced electric field intensities calculated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for specific nanowire geometries. These simple and effective SERS active systems have a practical advantage that the hot spots can be readily located and visualized by an optical microscope. These well-defined SERS active systems based on noble metal nanowires can be further developed to find applications in a variety of biological and chemical sensing.

Published
2009

355. Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Single-Crystalline Fe5Si3 Nanowires

Author

David G. Churchill, Jinhee Kim, Kwanyong Seo, Myung-Hwa Jung, Sunghun Lee, Younghun Jo, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
Chemical substance, Materials science, Magnetoresistance, Condensed matter physics, Ferromagnetic material properties, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, Coercivity, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, General Energy, Ferromagnetism, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Science, technology and society
Abstract

We have investigated electrical and magnetic properties of single-crystalline Fe5Si3 nanowires. The nanowire ensemble shows ferromagnetic properties with a high Tc of 380 K, small coercivity, and n...

Published
2009

356. Electronic Structure of Vertically Aligned Mn-Doped CoFe2O4 Nanowires and Their Application as Humidity Sensors and Photodetectors

Author

Yoon Myung, Jae Young Kim, Han Sung Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Yong Jae Cho, Seonghun Park, Jeunghee Park, and Chang Hyun Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Magnetic circular dichroism, Analytical chemistry, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, Electronic structure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ion, General Energy, Lattice constant, Octahedron, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Vertically aligned CoFe2O4 and 10% Mn-doped CoFe2O4 nanowires were synthesized by the gas-phase reduction/substitution reaction of pregrown α-Fe2O3 nanowires. They consisted of perfect single-crystalline cubic structures grown along the [110] direction. The increase of the lattice constant provides evidence for the effective Mn substitution. We investigated their electronic structures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The results suggest that as the Mn substitutes, Mn2+/Mn3+ ions would occupy the octahedral (Oh) sites, Mn4+ ions form at the tetrahedral (Td) sites, and a fraction of the Co2+ ions migrate from the Oh sites to the Td sites. The effective Mn substitution can increase the hole concentration, which makes it possible to develop humidity sensors operating at room temperature. Furthermore, it induces high photocurrents upon irradiation of visible light.

Published
2009

357. Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Single-Crystalline Mn/Fe-Doped and Co-doped ZnS Nanowires and Nanobelts

Author

Wooyoung Lee, Wooyoung Shim, Taejoon Kang, Younghun Jo, Hee-Sung Moon, Joon-Ho Sung, Jaehun Cho, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Nanostructure, Photoluminescence, Dopant, Doping, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, Crystal structure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, Chemical engineering, Transmission electron microscopy, Curie temperature, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

ZnS nanowires and nanobelts doped with Mn and Fe were synthesized by a chemical vapor transport method. The Mn/Fe-doped and co-doped ZnS nanostructures were grown on Au-coated Si substrates. The key to this synthetic process of co-doping lies in the use of metal chloride as a metal carrier. Crystal structure and chemical compositional analyses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the nanowires and nanobelts are single-crystalline and uniformly doped with dopants. Strong emission bands were found from photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Mn/Fe-doped and co-doped ZnS nanowires. The magnetic property measurements from the nanostructure ensemble show that the Curie temperature is above room temperature. The synthesized Mn/Fe-doped and co-doped ZnS nanostructures can be employed in the fabrication of nanoscale magnetic and optical devices.

Published
2009

358. Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs (x ≤ 0.05) Nanowires: Dependence of Electronic Structures and Magnetic Properties on Mn Content

Author

Jeunghee Park, Jungbum Yoon, Younghun Jo, Bongsoo Kim, Chang-Hyun Kim, Yong Jae Cho, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Han Sung Kim, Jae Young Kim, Gyeong Bok Chung, Kang Jun Kong, and Myung-Hwa Jung

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Absorption spectroscopy, Magnetic moment, Magnetic circular dichroism, General Chemical Engineering, Binding energy, Analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Magnetization, Lattice constant, Ferromagnetism, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Materials Chemistry
Abstract

Ga1−xMnxAs nanowires were synthesized with finely controlled Mn contents (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05) by the vapor transport method. They consisted of single-crystalline GaAs nanocrystals (avg. diameter = 60 nm) grown along the [111] direction. The Mn doping decreases the lattice constant, most significantly at x ≈ 0.03. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that as the Mn content increases, the binding energy of Ga 2p shifts to a higher energy, which can be correlated with the hybridization between the Mn2+ ions and the holes. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism confirmed that the Mn2+ ions substitute into the tetrahedrally coordinated Ga sites and that the magnetic moment is maximized at x = 0.03, where the lattice constant is minimized and the binding energy of Ga 2p is maximized. The magnetization measurement revealed that all of these nanowires exhibited room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior, which is also observed most significantly for x ≈ 0.03.

Published
2009

359. Modification of Monodisperse Colloidal Silica by Radical Copolymerizatoin of Cationic Surface Active Vinyl Monomers

Author

Jang-Oo Lee, Jung-Min Moon, Bongsoo Kim, Kohji Yoshinaga, Ki-Tae Lee, and Toshinori Tanaka

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Polymers and Plastics, Carboxylic acid, Colloidal silica, Cationic polymerization, Polymer, chemistry.chemical_compound, End-group, Monomer, Adsorption, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer
Abstract

Adsorption and polymer modification of colloidal silica by radical copolymerization of surface active monomers, i.e., polymerizable surfactant having a vinyl end group, were investigated. Radical copolymerization of amide ammonium monomer and ammonium-type cross-linker (monomer) using a initiator of 2,2′ -azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride on colloidal silica successfully led to the formation of monodispersed cross-linked polymer/SiO2 composites, which is stable in organic solvents. Addition of carboxylic acid monomer to the reaction system of two ammonium monomers gave homogeneously polymer-coated silica composites having carboxyl groups. The composites show ξ-potential of –36mV and 0mV in water and ethanol, respectively.

Published
2009

360. Equilibrium dynamics of the toy model of dense fluid: The infinite damping limit

Author

Bongsoo Kim and Kawasaki, Kyozi

Subjects
Fluid dynamics -- Research, Damping (Mechanics) -- Analysis, Dynamics of a particle -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The equilibrium dynamics of toy model of dense fluid in the infinite damping limit is investigated. It is found that slow dynamics and the dynamic transition in the model are distinct from those in the idealized mode coupling theory.

Published
2005

361. Magnetic properties of monodisperse NiHx nanoparticles and comparison to those of monodisperse Ni nanoparticles

Author

Yoontae Jeon, Gang Ho Lee, Jeunghee Park, Bongsoo Kim, and Yongmin Chang

Subjects
Nickel -- Magnetic properties, Nanoparticles -- Magnetic properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

Monodisperse NiHx nanoparticles with particle diameters of 7.0 nm are produced and their magnetic properties are investigated. The magnetic properties of NiHx nanoparticles were quite different from those of Ni nanoparticles.

Published
2005

362. Distribution and structure of N atoms in multiwalled carbon nanotubes using variable-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Author

Hyun Chul Choi, Jeunghee Park, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
Photoelectron spectroscopy -- Usage, Nanotubes -- Research, Carbon -- Chemical properties, Nitrogen compounds -- Chemical properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The inhomogeneous distribution of concentration and electronic structure of the nitrogen (N) atoms doped in the multivated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by variable-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure and electron energy-loss spectroscopy is investigated. The dependence of pyridine-like N content on the CNTs is tentatively explained by the growth mechanism, showing that the control of pyridine-like N content can be achieved by the growth conditions.

Published
2005

363. Production of Smooth and Pure Nickel Metal Nanofibers by the Electrospinning Technique: Nanofibers Possess Splendid Magnetic Properties

Author

Hak Yong Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and Nasser A.M. Barakat

Subjects
Vinyl alcohol, Materials science, Nanostructure, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Electrospinning, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, General Energy, Chemical engineering, chemistry, law, Nanofiber, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Calcination, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract

In the present study, smooth, unceasing, hydrogen-free, and pure nickel metal nanofibers have been synthesized using the electrospinning technique. A sol−gel consisting of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and poly(vinyl alcohol) has been electrospun, and the obtained nanofiber mats were vacuously dried and then calcined in argon atmosphere at 700 °C. The invoked physiochemical characterization instruments assured formation of pure nickel nanofibers with an average diameter of 120 nm after the calcination process. The electrospun nickel nanofibers have revealed unique magnetic properties, with much enhanced coercivities relative to bulk materials. The outstanding features of this approach to get one-dimensional magnetic nanostructure are its simplicity, effectiveness, safety, and ease of assembly.

Published
2008

364. Single Nanowire on a Film as an Efficient SERS-Active Platform

Author

Jangbae Kim, Taejoon Kang, Ilsun Yoon, Hyotcherl Ihee, Wonjun Choi, Q-Han Park, Sang-Woo Joo, Youngdong Yoo, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Silver, Nanostructure, Nanowires, Chemistry, Biomolecule, Nanowire, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Biosensing Techniques, General Chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Polarization (waves), Biochemistry, Catalysis, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Optical microscope, law, symbols, Gold, Spectrum analysis, Raman scattering
Abstract

Fabricating well-defined and highly reproducible platforms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is very important in developing practical SERS sensors. We report a novel SERS platform composed of a single metallic nanowire (NW) on a metallic film. Optical excitation of this novel sandwich nanostructure provides a line of SERS hot spots (a SERS hot line) at the gap between the NW and the film. This single nanowire on a film (SNOF) architecture can be easily fabricated, and the position of hot spots can be conveniently located in situ by using an optical microscope during the SERS measurement. We show that high-quality SERS spectra from benzenethiol, brilliant cresyl blue, and single-stranded DNA can be obtained on a SNOF with reliable reproducibility, good time stability, and excellent sensitivity, and thus, SNOFs can potentially be employed as effective SERS sensors for label-free biomolecule detection. We also report detailed studies of polarization- and material-dependent SERS enhancement of the SNOF structure.

Published
2008

365. Analysis of fluid induced vibration of cryogenic pipes in consideration of the cooling effect

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Jungwoon Choi, and Young Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Piping, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, Equations of motion, Natural frequency, Mechanics, Pipe flow, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Momentum, Vibration, Classical mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Fluid dynamics
Abstract

The purpose of system analysis using fluid induced vibration is to identify the problems of the system in advance by analyzing the vibration behavior of the system excited by fluid flow. Fluid-induced vibration analysis methods, developed so far, generally use the numerical analysis method to analyze the fluid flowing inside the pipe and the infinitesimal elements at normal temperature on the basis of the governing equation obtained by applying Newton’s Second Law and the momentum equation. However, as the fluid temperature changes greatly at low temperature, fluid-induced vibration analysis methods for normal temperature cannot be applied. This study investigated methods of analyzing fluid-induced vibration in consideration of the cooling effect. In consideration of the changes in the properties of the fluid and system relative to temperature, vibration behavior was analyzed numerically by means of the equation of motion. As a result, the natural frequency of the system tends to change because of the changes of the properties of materials even when the flux is constant inside the pipe, and the vibration behavior of the system was compared to that in case of normal temperature to analyze how much influence the cooling effect has on the vibration behavior of the system.

Published
2008

366. Dual Addressing Scheme in IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Jae Hong Ryu, Hyung Seok Kim, Eun Ju Lee, Sungjin Park, and Sooyoung Yang

Subjects
General Computer Science, Computer science, business.industry, Inter-Access Point Protocol, Node (networking), ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Gateway address, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, IPv6, Default gateway, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Unicast, business, Wireless sensor network, IEEE 802.15, Computer network
Abstract

This paper proposes a dual addressing scheme (DAS) for IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (WSN). DAS combines a global unicast address to cope with association link changes and node mobility, and it links local addresses to lighten the overhead of the system to save energy and resources. This paper describes DAS address formats, address autoconfiguration, and address translation tables in the gateway. A detailed description of DAS is provided through examples. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the performance improvements of the DAS compared with the IPv6-based WSN, which uses the conventional single address.

Published
2008

367. Parallel and Coupled Perpendicular Transitions of RbCs 640 nm System: Mass-Resolved Resonance Enhanced Two-Photon Ionization in a Cold Molecular Beam

Author

Sungyul Lee, Youngjee Yoon, Jin-Tae Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and Yonghoon Lee

Subjects
Chemistry, Ionization, Resonance, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Quantum number, Ground state, Spectroscopy, Molecular beam, Molecular electronic transition, Spectral line
Abstract

We have investigated the RbCs 640 nm system by mass-resolved resonance enhanced two-photon ionization in a cold molecular beam. Very complex vibronic structures were observed between 15420 and 15990 cm (-1). The parallel transitions of 2 (3)Pi 0 v' = 4-20

Published
2008

368. Tetra-σ bonding adsorption of pyridine on Si(100)-2×1

Author

Han-Koo Lee, Ki-Jeong Kim, Sehun Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Jinwook Chung, and Tai-Hee Kang

Subjects
Radiation, Materials science, Photoemission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, XANES, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Adsorption, chemistry, Pyridine, Atom, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Pyrrole
Abstract

We studied adsorption of pyridine on Si(1 0 0) at room temperature using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in the partial electron yield (PEY) mode. The Si 2p, C 1s, N 1s spectra of pyridine on Si(1 0 0) showed that pyridine is chemisorbed on Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 through the formation of the tetra-σ-bonded structure with the N atom and three C atoms. NEXAFS was conducted to characterize the adsorption geometry of pyridine on Si(1 0 0). The π* orbital of C C bond showed a good angle dependence in C K-edge NEXAFS spectra, and we were able to estimate the adsorption angle between chemisorbed pyridine of C C bond and the Si(1 0 0) surface using an analytical solution of NEXAFS intensity. We find the coexistence of two different tight bridges with the adsorption angles 42 ± 2° and 45 ± 2° with almost equal abundance.

Published
2008

369. Ferromagnetic Ge1−xMx (M = Mn, Fe, and Co) Nanowires

Author

Seonghun Park, Yong Jae Cho, Hangil Lee, Chang-Hyun Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Wang Su Lee, Han Sung Kim, Seung Yong Bae, Jeunghee Park, and Jae Young Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Absorption spectroscopy, Magnetic moment, Magnetic circular dichroism, General Chemical Engineering, Nanowire, General Chemistry, Magnetic hysteresis, Ion, Crystallography, Lattice constant, Ferromagnetism, Materials Chemistry
Abstract

We synthesized Ge and Ge1−xMx (M = Mn, Co, and Fe, x ≤ 0.4) nanowires using the thermal vapor transport method. All of the nanowires consisted of single-crystalline Ge nanocrystals grown uniformly with the [111] direction. High-resolution X-ray diffraction showed no metal cluster formation for any of the Ge1−xMx nanowires, and the reduction of the lattice constant for the Mn-substituted nanowires. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements revealed that the Mn2+ ions preferentially occupy the tetrahedral sites, substituting for Ge. The magnetic moment of the Mn ions reaches a maximum for x = 0.1, which is much larger than that of the Fe or Co ions. The magnetic hysteresis confirms the room-temperature ferromagnetism of the Ge1−xMnx nanowires, which is also maximized at x = 0.1. We suggest that the Mn ions produce dopant−acceptor hybridization with host defects in the p-type Ge nanowires. The Mn substitution is more effective to form significant ferromagnetic Ge nanowi...

Published
2008

370. A numerical study of natural convection in a square enclosure with a circular cylinder at different vertical locations

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Man Yeong Ha, Dae Sung Lee, and Hyun Sik Yoon

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Finite volume method, Natural convection, Mechanical Engineering, Enclosure, Thermodynamics, Rayleigh number, Mechanics, Immersed boundary method, Condensed Matter Physics, Nusselt number, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Heat transfer, Cylinder
Abstract

Numerical calculations are carried out for natural convection induced by a temperature difference between a cold outer square enclosure and a hot inner circular cylinder. A two-dimensional solution for unsteady natural convection is obtained, using the immersed boundary method (IBM) to model an inner circular cylinder based on the finite volume method for different Rayleigh numbers varying over the range of 103–106. The study goes further to investigate the effect of the inner cylinder location on the heat transfer and fluid flow. The location of the inner circular cylinder is changed vertically along the center-line of square enclosure. The number, size and formation of the cell strongly depend on the Rayleigh number and the position of the inner circular cylinder. The changes in heat transfer quantities have also been presented.

Published
2008

371. Single-Crystalline Ferromagnetic Fe1-xCoxSi Nanowires

Author

Kumar S. K. Varadwaj, Myung-Hwa Jung, Bongsoo Kim, Juneho In, Sunghun Lee, Jinhee Kim, Younghun Jo, and Kwanyong Seo

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Magnetoresistance, Ferromagnetic material properties, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Magnetic semiconductor, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Magnetization, General Energy, Ferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ternary operation
Abstract

We report the synthesis of ternary Fe1-xCoxSi nanowires by a vapor transport method. Structural characterization of the nanowires shows a single-crystalline nature with B20 crystal structure. Spatially resolved elemental analysis revealed the homogeneous distribution of all elemental components along the nanowire. The nanowire ensemble shows ferromagnetic properties with a sudden change in magnetization at applied magnetic field near zero. Magnetoresistance measurements on a single-nanowire device show positive magnetoresistance, which does not saturate up to the highest applied field. These ferromagnetic nanowires could find application as spin filters in the new field of nanospintronics.

Published
2008

372. High-Capacitance Ion Gel Gate Dielectrics with Faster Polarization Response Times for Organic Thin Film Transistors

Author

C. Daniel Frisbie, Bongsoo Kim, Yiyong He, Timothy P. Lodge, Jiyoul Lee, and Jeong Ho Cho

Subjects
Organic electronics, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, High capacitance, Dielectric, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Thin-film transistor, Ionic liquid, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, business, Polarization (electrochemistry)
Published
2008

373. Selective Growth of Straight and Zigzagged Ga1-xMnxN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) Nanowires and Dependence of Their Electronic Structure and Magnetization on the Mn Content

Author

Seon Oh Hwang, Han Sung Kim, Jeunghee Park, Gangho Lee, Seonghun Park, Seung Yong Bae, Bongsoo Kim, and Ja Young Park

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Magnetic circular dichroism, Binding energy, Nanowire, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, Magnetization, General Energy, Lattice constant, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wurtzite crystal structure
Abstract

Straight and zigzagged Ga1-xMnxN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) nanowires were selectively synthesized by the vapor transport method, using different growth temperature. They consisted of single-crystalline wurtzite GaN nanocrystals grown along the [1010] and [0001] directions for the straight and zigzagged morphologies, respectively. The lattice constant, c, decreases initially with increasing amount of Mn doping (x), and then increases as x increases above 0.03. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that as the Mn content increases to x = 0.02, the binding energy of Ga 2p shifts to a higher energy, suggesting the possibility of hybridization between the Mn2+ ions and host defects. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism confirmed that the Mn2+ ions substitute into the tetrahedrally coordinated sites. The magnetization measurement revealed that all of these nanowires exhibited room-temperature ferromagnetic behaviors, most significantly for the straight nanowires grown with the [1010] d...

Published
2008

374. Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Author

Jaewoo Chung, Bongsoo Kim, J. H. Kang, W. Kang, and Namho Kim

Subjects
Engineering, Internal combustion engine, business.industry, Homogeneous charge compression ignition, Automotive Engineering, Compression ratio, Ignition timing, Engine knocking, business, Diesel engine, Fuel injection, Automotive engineering, Petrol engine
Abstract

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.

Published
2008

375. Adsorption geometry of furan on Si(100)-2×1

Author

Jinwook Chung, Ki-Jeong Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Tai-Hee Kang, and Han-Koo Lee

Subjects
Photoemission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, XANES, Cycloaddition, Spectral line, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Furan, Materials Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), Carbon
Abstract

We have investigated adsorption of furan on Si(1 0 0) at room temperature using high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in the partial electron yield (PEY) mode. The Si 2p, C 1s, O 1s spectra of furan on Si(1 0 0) show that furan is chemisorbed on Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 through [4 + 2] cycloaddition. NEXAFS has been conducted to characterize the adsorption geometry of furan on Si(1 0 0). Since the π∗ orbital of CC bond showed a good angle dependence in carbon K-edge NEXAFS spectra, the angle 28 ± 2° determined from NEXAFS spectra appears to deviate from a theoretical value of 19° for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition by 9°, mostly due to the intrinsic defects on the Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 substrate surface.

Published
2008

376. Analysis of Alkali Metal Diatomic Spectra : Using Molecular Beams and Ultracold Molecules

Author

Jin-Tae Kim, Bongsoo Kim, William C Stwalley, Jin-Tae Kim, Bongsoo Kim, and William C Stwalley

Abstract

Soon after she became involved in the didactics of physics, the author of this book realized that the transfer of new discoveries in physics into schools and to undergraduate programs is almost non-existent. Such an introduction is difficult as students'k

Published
2014

377. Redox-Active Molecular Wires Incorporating Ruthenium(II) σ-Arylacetylide Complexes for Molecular Electronics

Author

Céline Olivier, Daniel Touchard, Stephane Rigaut, Bongsoo Kim, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Department of Chemistry [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Stereochemistry, Isocyanide, Organic Chemistry, Cationic polymerization, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecular electronics, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Redox, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Molecular wire, chemistry, Molecule, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The preparation and properties of novel ruthenium carbon-rich complexes for molecular electronics are reported. The synthetic procedure used in this work led to the first series of neutral redox-active conjugated molecular wires including mono-, bi-, and trimetallic bis(σ-arylacetylide) complexes (RunNC and CNRunNC, n = 1–3) having 1,4-diethynylbenzene spacers and one or two isocyanide terminal groups for surface binding. An analogous cationic σ-arylacetylide-allenylidene molecule (AllRuNC+) is also reported. These new structurally rigid complexes have lengths ranging from 1.8 to 4.5 nm and are excellent candidates for the building of alternative metal−molecule−metal junctions. Indeed, the molecules uniquely contain up to three metal-redox centers that are efficiently coupled by conjugated ligands to provide significant electronic communication along the molecular backbone, as indicated by the optical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, the wires offer multiple low potential redox states that can...

Published
2008

378. Structures and energetics of Gly–(H2O)5: Thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities

Author

Sungyul Lee, Charles Desfrançois, Suk Im, Ju-Young Kim, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Computational chemistry, Zwitterion, Energetics, Solvation, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Kinetic energy, Conformational isomerism, Isomerization, Gas phase
Abstract

Calculations are presented for glycine–(H2O)5 clusters, with glycine in canonical or zwitterionic form. The energies of zwitterionic conformers are calculated to be higher than the canonical ones by 2–4 kcal/mol. The dynamic pathways of canonical ←→ zwitterion isomerization are presented, along with the magnitude of the activation barriers. We find that some of the zwitterionic glycine–(H2O)5 clusters are kinetically stable for experimental observation due to considerable barriers (∼9 kcal/mol).

Published
2008

379. Alanyl side chain folding in phenylalanine: conformational assignments through ultraviolet rotational band contour analysis

Author

Yonghoon Lee, Jiwon Jung, Bongsoo Kim, Butz, Patrick, Snoek, Lavina C., Simons, John P., and Kroemer, Romano T.

Subjects
Ionization -- Research, Phenylalanine -- Research, Phenylalanine -- Chemical properties, Phenylalanine -- Optical properties, Chemistry, Physical and theoretical -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

Partially resolved ultraviolet rotational band contours associated with the S1

Published
2004

380. Effects of Oxygen Content on Bioactivity of Titanium Oxide Films Fabricated on Titanium by Electron Beam Evaporation

Author

Ho-Jun Song, Yeong-Joon Park, Sang-Hun Jeong, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Apoptosis, Electrons, Bioengineering, Oxygen, Electron beam physical vapor deposition, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Cell Line, Tumor, Neoplasms, Materials Testing, Humans, Nanotechnology, General Materials Science, Particle Size, Titanium, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Membranes, Artificial, General Chemistry, Partial pressure, respiratory system, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanostructures, Titanium oxide, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Crystallization, Stoichiometry
Abstract

The titanium oxide films were fabricated on titanium metal by e-beam deposition technique in various oxygen partial pressures in order to investigate the effects of oxygen content in titanium oxide film on the bioactivity of titanium implant. The nano-sized titanium oxide particles were observed on the surface of specimens. Raman spectra showed that titanium oxide films deposited by e-beam evaporator had oxygen deficient TiO2 structure. The oxygen content in oxide films was calculated from the high resolution XPS spectra of Ti 2p. The densities of HA particles formed on the sample surfaces after immersion test in SBF became higher as the contents of oxygen in titanium oxide films increased. We concluded that the degree of hydroxyl group formation in SBF depended on the stoichiometry of TiO2, which enhanced the bioactivity of titanium.

Published
2007

381. Construction of a soft X-ray beamline at the PLS

Author

Won Kook Choi, C. Jeon, H.-S. Kim, Bongsoo Kim, S.W. Moon, H.-N. Hwang, Keun Hwa Chae, S.M. Chung, C.-Y. Park, and C.C. Hwang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photoemission spectroscopy, Scattering, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Photon energy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, Semiconductor, Beamline, Thin film, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A soft X-ray beamline has been constructed at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). This bending magnet beamline provides photon energy from 100 to 1800 eV, and high energy resolution. Various techniques, such as high resolution photoemission spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, EUV and soft X-ray reflectivity, and soft X-ray scattering, can be used for wide applications to semiconductors, transition metals, thin films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), and organic molecules.

Published
2007

382. Optical and Electrochemical Detection of Saccharides with Poly(aniline-co-3-aminobenzeneboronic acid) Prepared from Enzymatic Polymerization

Author

PilHo Huh, Nam-Ju Jo, Seong-Cheol Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Lynne A. Samuelson, Younghoon Kim, Yanping Wang, Jang-Oo Lee, Jayant Kumar, and Jagdeep Singh

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Polymers and Plastics, Potentiometric titration, Bioengineering, Polymer, Polyelectrolyte, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, Polymerization, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Cyclic voltammetry, Boronic acid
Abstract

Boronic acid-based sensors for saccharides have been developed via biocatalysis. The self-doped copolymer of poly(aniline-co-3-aminobenzeneboronic acid) [poly(aniline-co-AB)], with various mole ratios of two components, was synthesized by oxidative enzymatic polymerization using a natural biocatalyst such as horseradish peroxidase together with an anionic polyelectrolyte template (sulfonated polystyrene) under mild conditions (pH 4.5). Poly(aniline-co-AB), having an aniline boronic acid-to-aniline ratio of 1:2 on average, gave rise to a green doped polymer with absorption maxima at 745 nm. The potentiometric detection of saccharides using poly(aniline-co-AB) is presented. Characteristics of both transient and steady-state response associated with the complex formation of poly(aniline-co-AB) with various saccharides were monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results obtained from UV-vis spectroscopy and CV show that the sensitivity of enzymatically synthesized water-soluble poly(aniline-co-AB) for various saccharides was improved significantly compared to the chemically synthesized counterpart. A possible mechanism for the sensitive detection of sugar molecules by boronic acid is proposed on the basis of UV-vis and IR spectrophotometry, and four-point probe conductivity measurements.

Published
2007

383. Existence of Critical Aggregation Concentration at the Very Dilute Regime of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Propylene Carbonate System

Author

Jang Oo Lee, Bongsoo Kim, Zhi Yang Xu, Il Hyun Park, and Yun Ling

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, General Chemistry, Polymer, Light scattering, Pyroelectricity, Core shell, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Propylene carbonate, Fluoride
Abstract

Poly(vinylidene fluoride), Critical aggregation solution, Core-shell, Light scatteringSince poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been knownas a typical semicrystalline polymer with strong piezo-electric and pyroelectric properties, lots of scientificresearches have been focused on these topics. In addition,recently, thermoreversible physical gelation

Published
2007

384. Cross-linking of Grafted Copolymer on Colloidal Silica and Introduction of Surface Amino Group

Author

Sousuke Imaoka, Ju-Hyung Lee, Kohji Yoshinaga, Bongsoo Kim, and Jang-Oo Lee

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Colloidal silica, Ethylenediamine, respiratory system, chemistry.chemical_compound, End-group, chemistry, Hexamethylenediamine, Diamine, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Alkyl, Hydrophobic silica
Abstract

To obtain polymer-modified silica (550 nm diameter), trimethoxysilyl-terminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) with epoxy ring (to prevent the formation of carboxyl group) was successfully synthesized. Then, the cross-linking of the grafted copolymer on silica was made using ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine of varying alkyl chain lengths, and the stability of cross-linked silica particles was investigated in alkaline aqueous solution. Cross-linked polymer-modified silica based on diamines exhibited much lower reduction rate (in wt %) of the attached polymer to silica than uncross-linked polymer-modified silica. In particular, cross-linked silica composites by ethylenediamine had more stability than cross-linked silica composites by hexamethylenediamine. Finally, the cross-linking reaction of grafted-polymer on silica particles by diamines was confirmed by the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra measured on polymer-modified silica composites.

Published
2007

385. Phase-Controlled Growth of Metastable Fe5Si3 Nanowires by a Vapor Transport Method

Author

Juneho In, Bongsoo Kim, Jeunghee Park, Kwanyong Seo, Paritosh Mohanty, and Kumar S. K. Varadwaj

Subjects
Nanostructure, Nanowire, Nucleation, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Substrate (electronics), Biochemistry, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Phase (matter), Silicide, Wafer, Vapor–liquid–solid method
Abstract

We report the synthesis of single-crystalline nanowires (NWs) of metastable Fe5Si3 phase via an iodide vapor transport method. Free-standing Fe5Si3 NWs are grown on a sapphire substrate placed on a Si wafer without the use of any catalyst. The typical size of the Fe5Si3 nanowires is 5-15 microm in length and 100-300 nm in diameter. Synthesis of the metastable phase is induced by composition-dependent nucleation from the gas-phase reaction. Depending on the concentration ratio of FeI2(g) to SiI4(g), different phases of iron silicides are formed. The growth of nanowires is facilitated by the initial nucleation of silicide particles on the substrate and further self-seeded growth of the NWs. The present work not only provides a method for the synthesis of metastable Fe5Si3 nanowires but also suggests that the phase controlled synthesis can be further optimized to produce other metal-rich silicide nanostructures for future spintronic devices.

Published
2007

386. Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Single Crystalline CrSi2 Nanowires

Author

Kwanyong Seo, Jiyoung Kim, Dongkyu Cha, Bongsoo Kim, Jeunghee Park, Kumar S. K. Varadwaj, and Juneho In

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, business.industry, Nanowire, Nanotechnology, Chemical vapor deposition, Crystal structure, Focused ion beam, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Optoelectronics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vapor–liquid–solid method, business
Abstract

Free-standing CrSi2 nanowires are synthesized by a vapor transport based method for the first time. High-quality CrSi2 nanowires with a hexagonal cross section are produced by the reaction of a CrCl2 precursor and a Si substrate without using any metal catalyst. We have studied the crystal structure and electrical transport properties of CrSi2 nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirm the single-crystalline nature of the CrSi2 nanowires of a C40 type structure. Four-probe devices were fabricated by the focused ion beam equipped with a nanomanipulator. Measured resistivity of the nanowire is 0.012 Ω·cm, which is close to that of bulk single-crystalline CrSi2.

Published
2007

387. Effect of conditioned medium of mouse embryonic fibroblasts produced from EC-SOD transgenic mice in nuclear maturation of canine oocytes in vitro

Author

Young Sik Park, Dong Hun Yoo, Bongsoo Kim, Ji Hong Ha, Sung Hyun Kim, Myoung Ok Kim, Sang Ryeul Lee, Yong Bok Park, and Zae Young Ryoo

Subjects
Genetically modified mouse, Mice, Transgenic, Superoxide dismutase, Andrology, Mice, Dogs, Endocrinology, Food Animals, Meiosis, medicine, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cell Nucleus, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, General Medicine, Fibroblasts, Embryonic stem cell, In vitro, Staining, In vitro maturation, Cell nucleus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Culture Media, Conditioned, Immunology, Oocytes, biology.protein, Female, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

The rate of in vitro maturation (IVM) of canine oocytes has not improved in comparison to that of other mammalian species. This study aims to improve the efficiency of canine oocytes IVM using the antioxidant, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). Thus, the effect of conditioned medium of EC-SOD transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured with MEF culture medium (DMEM + 5% FBS) for in vitro nuclear maturation in canine oocytes was investigated. In experiment I, oocytes were collected from the ovaries of domestic bitches, which were allotted to one of two groups: (1) TCM199 + 1% FBS (n = 108) or (2) DMEM + 5% FBS (n = 112), cultured for 48 h and investigated for in vitro nuclear maturation of canine oocytes using Hoechst staining. Meiotic progression to metaphase II in group 1 was 1.8% compared to 1.8% in group 2. In experiment II, EC-SOD levels were examined in NTg-CMEF and Tg-CMEF at 0, 2 and 4 days obtained from EC-SOD transgenic mice generated in our laboratory. The concentration of EC-SOD in Tg-CMEF at day 2 (371.7 +/- 3.1 ng/ml) was the highest for all groups (P < 0.05). EC-SOD levels in Tg-CMEF were higher than in NTg-CMEF; therefore, the efficiency of Tg-CMEF for IVM was investigated. In experiment III, oocytes were allotted to one of three groups: (1) Tg-CMEF at day 0 (n = 84), (2) Tg-CMEF at day 2 (n = 92) or (3) Tg-CMEF at day 4 (n = 98), cultured for 48 h and the IVM of canine oocytes investigated. The mean percentage of MII oocytes in IVM was 2.4, 4.4 and 2.0% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In experiment IV, the effects of conditioned medium of EC-SOD transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Tg-CMEF) cultured in MEF culture medium were compared with conditioned medium acquired from non-transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NTg-CMEF) on IVM of canine oocytes. In this experiment, meiotic progression to metaphase II was 7.1% in Tg-CMEF versus 0% in NTg-CMEF (P < 0.05). Tg-CMEF was more effective than NTg-CMEF. In conclusion, it was verified that canine oocytes were able to effectively progress to metaphase II in IVM when cultured in Tg-CMEF.

Published
2007

388. Preparation of Polyglycidol/SiO2 Hybrid Films with Triethoxysilyl-Capped Poly(ethylene glycol)

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Kohji Yoshinaga, Tsuyoshi Kawashima, Jisun Im, Seung Tae Baek, and Jang-Oo Lee

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Ethylene oxide, Chemistry, Colloidal silica, Concentration effect, Tetraethyl orthosilicate, body regions, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Molecule, Swelling, medicine.symptom, Hybrid material, Sol-gel
Abstract

The preparation and properties of polyglycidol (PGLD)/silica hybrid gels were investigated. The gels were synthesized by the reaction of hyperbranched PGLD and triethoxysilyl-capped poly(ethylene oxide) in the presence of colloidal silica 80 nm in size or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under acidic circumstances. The crosslinking reaction gave hybrid gels with a relatively high gel fraction over 98%. The degree of gel swelling obtained by the reaction using colloidal silica and TEOS decreased with SiO2 content, while the stiffness of the gels increased with SiO2 content. Gels prepared from TEOS exhibited a swelling ratio ranging from 25% to 40%, which was relatively higher than those from colloidal silica. They also demonstrated a higher stiffness in comparison to those from colloidal silica, probably due to high crosslinking.

Published
2007

389. Magnetic Properties of Single-Crystalline CoSi Nanowires

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Sunghun Lee, Jinhee Kim, Paritosh Mohanty, Myung-Hwa Jung, Kwanyong Seo, Younghun Jo, and Kumar S. K. Varadwaj

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Ferromagnetic material properties, Magnetoresistance, Mechanical Engineering, Superlattice, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Cubic crystal system, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Lattice constant, Ferromagnetism, Electron diffraction, General Materials Science, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have observed unusual ferromagnetic properties in single-crystalline CoSi nanowire ensemble, in marked contrast to the diamagnetic CoSi in bulk. High-density freestanding CoSi nanowires with B20 crystal structure are synthesized by a vapor-transport-based method. The reaction of cobalt chloride precursor with a Si substrate produces high-aspect-ratio CoSi nanowires. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies reveal superlattice structure in CoSi nanowires with twice the lattice parameter of simple cubic CoSi lattice. The zero-field-cooled and field-cooled (ZFC-FC) measurements from the nanowire ensemble show freezing of the disordered surface spins at low temperatures. The magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of single nanowire devices show a negative MR whose magnitude gets larger at lower temperatures.

Published
2007

390. Synthesis of single crystalline europium-doped ZnO nanowires

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Paritosh Mohanty, and Jeunghee Park

Subjects
Materials science, Dopant, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Chemical vapor deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Nanorod, Vapor–liquid–solid method, Europium, Wurtzite crystal structure
Abstract

Single crystalline Eu 3+ -doped wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized by a vapor deposition method under a controlled oxidative atmosphere. The nanowires were deposited on a Si substrate coated with 5 nm gold nanoparticles. The reaction was carried out for 30 min which resulted in high yield of vertically grown nanowires of diameter 40–150 nm and length up to several microns. The nanowires were grown along ±[0 0 0 1] direction. The concentration of dopant Eu 3+ in the synthesized nanowires was below 1 atomic %. The crystal structure and the microstructures of the doped nanostructures were studied and compared with undoped ZnO.

Published
2007

391. Configuration of pentacene (C22H14) films on Si(100)-2×1 studied by NEXAFS

Author

Tai-Hee Kang, Ki-Jeong Kim, Jin-Hee Han, Bongsoo Kim, and Han-Koo Lee

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Double bond, Silicon, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, XANES, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Pentacene, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Phase (matter), Monolayer, Materials Chemistry, Absorption (chemistry)
Abstract

Pentacene films on Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface at 300 K were investigated using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) at the carbon K-edge. NEXAFS spectra show that pentacene molecules are chemisorbed on the Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface for monolayer with flat-laying and predominantly physisorbed on the Si(1 0 0)-(2 × 1) surface for multilayer films with an upright molecular orientation. Absorption angle of pentacene molecules were measured through π ∗ transition. The angles between the double bond and the silicon surface were 35–55°, 65° and 76° at monolayer, 24 and 48 nm pentacene deposited on the Si(1 0 0) surface, respectively. We observed that the intermediate flat-laying phase is favored for monolayer coverage, while the films of molecules standing perpendicular to the Si(1 0 0) surface are favored for multilayer coverage.

Published
2007

392. Synthesis of polyaniline derivatives via biocatalysis

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Lynne A. Samuelson, PilHo Huh, Jayant Kumar, Jang-Oo Lee, Ferdinando F. Bruno, and Seong-Cheol Kim

Subjects
biology, Pollution, Peroxide, Horseradish peroxidase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Meta, Monomer, Aniline, chemistry, Polymerization, Biocatalysis, Polymer chemistry, Polyaniline, biology.protein, Environmental Chemistry
Abstract

Three structurally different aniline monomers, which can not be polymerized by chemical methods, have been polymerized with horseradish peroxidase. Enzymatic synthesis of linear polyaniline requires template molecules to minimize branching in the polyaniline backbone. Monomers having methoxy and methyl blocking groups at the ortho or meta position could induce the conducting form of para-linked polyaniline without the use of an anionic template, such as SPS. A new mild peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, was identified and used to oxidize horseradish peroxidase in water.

Published
2007

393. Atomically-thin molecular layers for electrode modification of organic transistors

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Sun Guk Kim, Jeong Ho Cho, Bon-Cheol Ku, Joong Hee Lee, Boseok Kang, Kilwon Cho, and Yuseong Gim

Subjects
Electron mobility, Organic field-effect transistor, Materials science, business.industry, Graphene, Nanotechnology, Graphite oxide, Self-assembled monolayer, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Semiconductor, chemistry, law, Electrode, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Work function, business
Abstract

Atomically-thin molecular layers of aryl-functionalized graphene oxides (GOs) were used to modify the surface characteristics of source-drain electrodes to improve the performances of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices. The GOs were functionalized with various aryl diazonium salts, including 4-nitroaniline, 4-fluoroaniline, or 4-methoxyaniline, to produce several types of GOs with different surface functional groups (NO2-Ph-GO, F-Ph-GO, or CH3O-Ph-GO, respectively). The deposition of aryl-functionalized GOs or their reduced derivatives onto metal electrode surfaces dramatically enhanced the electrical performances of both p-type and n-type OFETs relative to the performances of OFETs prepared without the GO modification layer. Among the functionalized rGOs, CH3O-Ph-rGO yielded the highest hole mobility of 0.55 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and electron mobility of 0.17 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in p-type and n-type FETs, respectively. Two governing factors: (1) the work function of the modified electrodes and (2) the crystalline microstructures of the benchmark semiconductors grown on the modified electrode surface were systematically investigated to reveal the origin of the performance improvements. Our simple, inexpensive, and scalable electrode modification technique provides a significant step toward optimizing the device performance by engineering the semiconductor-electrode interfaces in OFETs.

Published
2015

394. Synthesis of Multishell Nanoplates by Consecutive Epitaxial Growth of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 Nanoplates and Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties

Author

Bongsoo Kim, Sang-Il Kim, Anupam Giri, Kyu Hyoung Lee, Jie Zeng, Jong Wook Roh, Unyong Jeong, Yuho Min, and Gyeongbae Park

Subjects
Thermoelectric figure of merit, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Bulk samples, Thermoelectric effect, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Spark plasma sintering, Nanoparticle, General Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Epitaxy, Seed crystal
Abstract

We herein demonstrate the successive epitaxial growth of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 on seed nanoplates for the scalable synthesis of heterostructured nanoplates (Bi2Se3@Bi2Te3) and multishell nanoplates (Bi2Se3@Bi2Te3@Bi2Se3, Bi2Se3@Bi2Te3@Bi2Se3@Bi2Te3). The relative dimensions of the constituting layers are controllable via the molar ratios of the precursors added to the seed nanoplate solution. Reduction of the precursors produces nanoparticles that attach preferentially to the sides of the seed nanoplates. Once attached, the nanoparticles reorganize epitaxially on the seed crystal lattices to form single-crystalline core-shell nanoplates. The nanoplates, initially 100 nm wide, grew laterally to 620 nm in the multishell structure, while their thickness increased more moderately, from 5 to 20 nm. The nanoplates were pelletized into bulk samples by spark plasma sintering and their thermoelectric properties are compared. A peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) ∼0.71 was obtained at 450 K for the bulk of Bi2Se3@Bi2Te3 nanoplates by simultaneous modulation of electronic and thermal transport in the presence of highly dense grain and phase boundaries.

Published
2015

395. Production of graphene oxide from pitch-based carbon fiber

Author

Byung-Gak Min, Ji-Hoon Lee, Insik In, Miyeon Lee, Sung Young Park, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Toughness, Multidisciplinary, Nanocomposite, Materials science, Graphene, Oxide, Polymer, Exfoliation joint, Article, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Composite material, Methyl methacrylate, Graphene oxide paper
Abstract

Pitch-based graphene oxide (p-GO) whose compositional/structural features are comparable to those of graphene oxide (GO) was firstly produced by chemical exfoliation of pitch-based carbon fiber rather than natural graphite. Incorporation of p-GO as nanofillers into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a matrix polymer resulted in excellent mechanical reinforcement. p-GO/PMMA nanocomposite (1 wt.-% p-GO) demonstrated 800% higher modulus of toughness of neat PMMA.

Published
2015

396. Centrality dependence of particle production inp−Pbcollisions atsNN=5.02TeV

Author

Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Bastian Bathen, Henrik Qvigstad, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, G. D'Erasmo, Igor Altsybeev, Seyong Kim, Laszlo Olah, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, J. Thäder, Torsten Alt, Mahmut Ozdemir, Mihaela Gheata, Ara Grigoryan, Alberica Toia, Magnus Mager, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Theo Alexander Broker, Sona Pochybova, J. Martin Blanco, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Giacomo Bruno, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, David Michael Rohr, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Paola Gianotti, Annelies Marianne Veen, Vito Manzari, Viktor Riabov, Anik Gupta, Stefano Piano, Min Jung Kweon, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, Ian Gardner Bearden, N. Zaviyalov, Francesco Noferini, V. Grigoriev, Yu.N. Pestov, V. R. Loggins, Federico Antinori, Sylvain Chapeland, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Z. Buthelezi, Silvia Arcelli, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, A. Gomez Ramirez, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Raimond Snellings, E. Dénes, Pietro Cortese, Y. Corrales Morales, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, C. G. Yaldo, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, M. Vala, Lee Stuart Barnby, Kohei Terasaki, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Paolo Giubellino, Philippe Crochet, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Pascal Dillenseger, Rosario Nania, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Piero Giubilato, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, Hiroki Yokoyama, J. H. Kang, Alexander Borissov, X. Cai, Ermanno Vercellin, Jeremy John Wilkinson, I. S. Zgura, Agneta Oskarsson, Alexander Akindinov, Michael Andreas Winn, L. Manceau, G. Martínez García, Herve Borel, Dariusz Czeslaw Miskowiec, Tomas Wilhelm Snellman, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, Olja Dordic, Cristiane Jahnke, Beomsu Chang, C. Oppedisano, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Sanjoy Biswas, S. K. Ghosh, Jihyun Bhom, A. M. Gago, Y. J. Kwon, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Andrea Festanti, T. P. Sinha, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, D. Vranic, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Meidana Huang, Tahir Hussain, Y. Wang, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Volodymyr Chelnokov, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Keil, Sergey Gorbunov, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, M. Fusco Girard, P. González-Zamora, E. López Torres, A. Kolojvari, Jana Bielcikova, A. Matyja, S. Mahajan, Vitaly Loginov, Livio Bianchi, Federico Cindolo, L. Šándor, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, Vladislav Manko, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, D. W. Kim, Debojit Sarkar, B. Ghidini, Janusz Oleniacz, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Sergey Evdokimov, Jason Kamin, Zixuan Song, Bruno Alessandro, Andrey Zarochentsev, F. Blanco, M. Bombara, A. Karasu Uysal, Michal Broz, H. Bello Martinez, Elena Rogochaya, Alberto Masoni, Ijaz Ahmed, Bogdan Vulpescu, Vladimir Peskov, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, A. K. Bhati, Premomoy Ghosh, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Jacobus Onderwaater, Johanna Stachel, Yongwook Baek, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Jan Cepila, M. Bach, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, T. Aronsson, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, Naghmeh Mohammadi, C. E. Pérez Lara, Tatiana Karavicheva, Andrea Agostinelli, Paolo Camerini, Nicole Alice Martin, Sergey Voloshin, Vardanush Papikyan, R. Alfaro Molina, Gideon Francois Steyn, Subikash Choudhury, Alberto Collu, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Rune Langøy, M. Mohisin Khan, R. Scott, Roberta Arnaldi, M. Kim, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, Marta Verweij, Francesco Barile, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Nur Hussain, Jesse Thomas Buxton, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Jiri Kral, Zhuo Zhou, Nikolai Smirnov, Marielle Chartier, Gyulnara Eyyubova, R. D. Majka, D. Budnikov, Podist Kurashvili, I. K. Yoo, Bjarte Kileng, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, P. I. Loenne, Y. P. Viyogi, Boris Batyunya, Nikita Agrawal, B. Ketzer, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Heidrun E. K. Hartmann, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Debasish Das, M. Borri, Eugen Mudnic, D. L. D. Keijdener, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Fiorella Fionda, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Ranbir Singh, Sibaji Raha, M. Sano, Ali Okatan, Christoph Mayer, Austin Vincent Harton, Dagmar Adamová, Naoto Tanaka, Maciej Slupecki, G. Puddu, Peter Chochula, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, A. Vyushin, E. Calvo Villar, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Andrew Michael Kubera, A. Nedosekin, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Christophe Pierre Suire, Yu. V. Kharlov, Alexandre Shabetai, Anton Andronic, Rama Chandra Baral, Sean Murray, Boris Wagner, Tyler Allen Browning, T. J. Humanic, Kai Oliver Schweda, Attiq Ur Rehman, Ki-Seok Choi, Stefan Kirsch, Jan Wagner, H. J. Jang, J. S. Kim, Petr Nomokonov, Martin Schulc, Jorn Henning Putschke, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Sergey Nikulin, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, Rashmi Raniwala, Krzysztof Marek Sielewicz, Motoi Inaba, J. W. Van Hoorne, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, R. A. Ricci, V. P. Kondratiev, Artem Shangaraev, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, C. Lara, L. M. Minervini, Subhash Singha, J. de Cuveland, Massimiliano Marchisone, Deepa Thomas, Marian Krivda, Benjamin Andreas Hess, T. Breitner, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, J. G. Contreras, Wanchaloem Poonsawat, Y. F. Ryabov, K. Šafařík, J. Mlynarz, Sedat Altinpinar, Vladimir Belyaev, Domenico Colella, Joakim Nystrand, X. Sanchez Castro, S. Yasnopolskiy, Manuel Colocci, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Claude Andre Pruneau, T. K. Nayak, Roberto Barbera, Elena Botta, Rene Bellwied, Gilda Scioli, A. Sharma, Annika Passfeld, Andrey Vasiliev, J. Bartke, Andrey Reshetin, Petra Riedler, Enrico Scomparin, Shinichi Hayashi, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Matthias Richter, Martijn Reicher, J. Castillo Castellanos, Sandro Bjelogrlic, Christine Nattrass, Ionut Christian Arsene, B. Polichtchouk, Maria Nicassio, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Boris Teyssier, Massimo Masera, Peter Graham Jones, Oleg Karavichev, Alla Maevskaya, M. Venaruzzo, G. Herrera Corral, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, Joel Anthony Mazer, T. Antičić, Kyrre Skjerdal, Y. Vinogradov, I. Martashvili, G. S. Pappalardo, M. Cherney, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, Fernando Scarlassara, Baldo Sahlmuller, A. J. Castro, Andrea Dubla, Francesca Bellini, Alberto G. Rossi, Richa Gupta, R. A. Soltz, Dirk Hutter, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, A. J. Rubio Montero, Pooja Pareek, M. I. Martínez, D. Eschweiler, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Lawrence Pinsky, Andrea Francescon, Michal Krelina, Y. Sibiriak, Mirko Planinic, Adela Kravcakova, Christian Holm Christensen, I. E. Yushmanov, Y. L. Yamaguchi, P. G. Kuijer, L. Valencia Palomo, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Stefania Bufalino, Elisa Laudi, Marco Leoncino, Thanushan Kugathasan, Jochen Klein, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Igor Pshenichnov, Hans Peter Beck, D. Silvermyr, Chaosong Gao, H.R. Gulkanyan, Dario Berzano, Anju Bhasin, Sergey Kiselev, Saehanseul Oh, R. Varma, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Smbat Grigoryan, Alexei Khanzadeev, Amalia Pop, Sang Un Ahn, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, G.F. Segato, A. De Caro, J. Van Der Maarel, Angelo Rivetti, Valentina Zaccolo, Satyajit Jena, P. Di Nezza, Ana Maria Marin, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Hui Zhang, Tatsuya Chujo, Alexander Mamonov, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, V. Razazi, A. W. Rauf, G. A. Feofilov, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Jan Figiel, M. Zhalov, Laurent Ducroux, Pragati Sahoo, Biswarup Paul, C.J. Schmidt, Muhammad Ajaz, Rudiger Haake, S. L. La Pointe, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, Branislav Sitar, Andrea Alici, H. Bøggild, Z. Yin, Daniel Lohner, D. I. Patalakha, Laura Fabbietti, Sk Noor Alam, G. de Cataldo, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, Rainer Martin Schicker, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Krzysztof Redlich, Dai-Mei Zhou, M. Veldhoen, C. Cavicchioli, Sami Sakari Rasanen, E. Stenlund, Jovan Milosevic, S. Schuchmann, Andreas Morsch, J. Zhu, Shingo Sakai, M. E. Connors, M. Spacek, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, Alessandra Fantoni, Catia Petta, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Angela Badala, Arild Velure, Rosario Turrisi, E. Montes, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Evgeny Kondratyuk, Jubin Mitra, F. Prino, D. R. Gangadharan, Yves Roland Schutz, A. Maire, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Anton Jusko, Mikolaj Krzewicki, C. Lagana Fernandes, Ankhi Roy, Franco Meddi, L. V. Malinina, J. Lehnert, A. Batista Camejo, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Uwe Westerhoff, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Vladimir Ivanov, Didier Alexandre, M. Estienne, Franck Manso, X. G. Lu, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, S.A. Sadovsky, Kgotlaesele Senosi, Michal Sumbera, Anders Garritt Knospe, E. Spiriti, Christian Claude Kuhn, Jeremi Niedziela, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, L. Nellen, A. A. P. Suaide, Francesco Riggi, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Panagiota Foka, Latchezar Betev, J. J. Gaardhøje, S. Rohni, Cristina Terrevoli, Mario Sitta, S. Böttger, Giuseppe Viesti, Hartmut Hillemanns, Chinorat Kobdaj, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Sudipan De, J.A. Mares, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Linda Vickovic, Cristian Andrei, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, Venelin Anguelov, J. W. Harris, Grazia Luparello, G.S. Shabratova, Roman Lietava, D. Pant, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, G. L. Usai, M. Steinpreis, Z. Conesa del Valle, Chengxin Zhao, E. M. Fiore, Mauro Gallio, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, Alberto Baldisseri, Andrzej Deloff, A. Rachevski, J. Y. Grossiord, Piotr Jan Gasik, M. Basile, Jørgen André Lien, Mesut Arslandok, Alexey Kurepin, Vikas Singhal, Hongbo Zhu, Antonino Zichichi, A. B. Kurepin, R. Belmont, Steffen Georg Weber, J. Anielski, Michelangelo Agnello, Madan M. Aggarwal, K. S. Seeder, Håvard Helstrup, Dong Jo Kim, Petr Zavada, Paolo Pagano, Deepika Rathee, J. Porter, E. Nappi, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Elena Rocco, H. Appelshäuser, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Ketil Røed, P. Cerello, Teodor Siemiarczuk, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, Silvia Masciocchi, Paraskevi Ganoti, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Anand Kumar Dubey, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Y. Kucheriaev, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, A. G. Bogdanov, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Werner Riegler, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, A. A. Vinogradov, Riccardo Russo, T.H. Kim, M. van Leeuwen, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, D. Felea, J. Book, Constantinos Loizides, Ping Yang, I. 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Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, You Zhou, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, Guillaume Batigne, Marie Germain, Antonija Utrobicic, Renu Bala, Ulrich Michael Frankenfeld, Maksym Zyzak, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, Markus Konrad Kohler, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, M. Ball, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, Filippo Costa, Oliver Busch, Michael Linus Knichel, Monika Kofarago, Donald M. McDonald, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, Salvatore Aiola, B. K. Srivastava, Fabian Ng, R. Romita, Raymond James Ehlers, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Francesca Soramel, M. M. Mieskolainen, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, S. P. Sorensen, Dezso Varga, Andrew John Lowe, D. De Gruttola, Mihai Petrovici, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Néstor Armesto, Emilia Leogrande, B. von Haller, S. Vallero, Alexander Kluge, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, F.F. Guber, Zubayer Ahammed, C. Garabatos, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Bikash Sinha, N. Grion, Ali Zaman, Marco Marquard, HT Yang, Xiang Zhang, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Dieter Røhrich, K. Shtejer, Sven Gotovac, Zabulon Vilakazi, T. E. Hilden, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Leonardo Milano, L. Aphecetche, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Peter Strmen, Vladimir Vechernin, Myunggeun Song, Lucia Leardini, Jurgen Schukraft, Chiara Zampolli, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Julien Faivre, Luke David Hanratty, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Johannes Peter Wessels, Alexandru Bercuci, and D. Watanabe

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Multiplicity (mathematics), 16. Peace & justice, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Centrality, Event generator
Abstract

We report measurements of the primary charged-particle pseudorapidity density and transverse momentum distributions in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV and investigate their correlation with experimental observables sensitive to the centrality of the collision. Centrality classes are defined by using different event-activity estimators, i.e., charged-particle multiplicities measured in three different pseudorapidity regions as well as the energy measured at beam rapidity (zero degree). The procedures to determine the centrality, quantified by the number of participants (N-part) or the number of nucleon-nucleon binary collisions (N-coll) are described. We show that, in contrast to Pb-Pb collisions, in p-Pb collisions large multiplicity fluctuations together with the small range of participants available generate a dynamical bias in centrality classes based on particle multiplicity. We propose to use the zero-degree energy, which we expect not to introduce a dynamical bias, as an alternative event-centrality estimator. Based on zero-degree energy-centrality classes, the N-part dependence of particle production is studied. Under the assumption that the multiplicity measured in the Pb-going rapidity region scales with the number of Pb participants, an approximate independence of the multiplicity per participating nucleon measured at mid-rapidity of the number of participating nucleons is observed. Furthermore, at high-pT the p-Pb spectra are found to be consistent with the pp spectra scaled by N-coll for all centrality classes. Our results represent valuable input for the study of the event-activity dependence of hard probes in p-Pb collisions and, hence, help to establish baselines for the interpretation of the Pb-Pb data.

Published
2015

397. Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV

Author

Anton Alkin, H. Delagrange, T. Dobrowolski, Mihai Niculescu, Michael Wang, B. S. Nilsen, Sandro Bjelogrlic, Alexander Akindinov, Michael Andreas Winn, Saehanseul Oh, A. K. Bhati, T. Aronsson, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Nikolai Smirnov, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Branislav Sitar, Arild Velure, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, E. Belmont-Moreno, Francesco Riggi, Panagiota Foka, T. Susa, Mesut Arslandok, Werner Riegler, T.H. Kim, Rosario Nania, M. Bombara, E. Pereira De Oliveira Filho, Graham Richard Lee, Anton Jusko, Austin Vincent Harton, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, S. Sadovsky, G.S. Shabratova, Domenico Colella, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, J. Anielski, Thanushan Kugathasan, Christine Nattrass, Michelangelo Agnello, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, Laurent Ducroux, Pragati Sahoo, Paolo Giubellino, Sk Noor Alam, Satoshi Yano, Boris Batyunya, L. Manceau, I. Martashvili, Florian Painke, Manuel Colocci, E. López Torres, C. Bedda, Catherine Micaela Silvestre, E. M. Fiore, Daniel Berenyi, Paolo Martinengo, A. Kolojvari, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, M. Sano, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Yongwook Baek, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Andrey Zarochentsev, J. Zhu, Ionel Stan, Ajay Kumar Dash, Levente Molnar, Cenek Zach, Marian Krivda, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Mihaela Gheata, Costin Grigoras, Bogdan Theodor Rascanu, Subhash Singha, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, M. Masera, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Andrea Alici, Dai-Mei Zhou, Indranil Das, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, C. Pajares, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, C. Alves Garcia Prado, Sona Pochybova, Rene Bellwied, Annika Passfeld, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Jaroslav Adam, Yves Roland Schutz, G. Herrera Corral, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, D. I. Patalakha, Lawrence Pinsky, Jochen Klein, Sean Murray, Alberto Masoni, A. Szczepankiewicz, Marton Vargyas, H. Zhang, Magnus Mager, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Anik Gupta, A. K. Dutta Majumdar, E. Fragiacomo, M. R. Cosentino, Federico Ronchetti, Dirk Hutter, Bongsoo Kim, Andre Mischke, Sergey Kiselev, Fiorella Fionda, W. J. Park, A. Jacholkowski, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Nazeer Ahmad, Pietro Antonioli, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, Luisa Cifarelli, J. S. Kim, J. Thäder, Ian Gardner Bearden, D. P. Mahapatra, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, Y. F. Ryabov, Ilaria Aimo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Raimond Snellings, You Zhou, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, Andreas Morsch, Shingo Sakai, Hans Muller, Theo Alexander Broker, J. Porter, C. Baumann, Alessandra Lattuca, Alberica Toia, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, Debojit Sarkar, B. Ghidini, Silvia Arcelli, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, S. K. Ghosh, Alexey Kuryakin, Filimon Roukoutakis, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Markus Bernhard Zimmermann, A. Palmeri, Uwe Westerhoff, A. Pesci, Sandra Moretto, Andrea Danu, P. Ladron de Guevara, Guillaume Batigne, J. W. Harris, A. Rachevski, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Ivan Kisel, F. Soramel, M. Cherney, Rosi Reed, Thomas Michael Cormier, Alexis Jean-Michel Mas, Jihyun Bhom, A. M. Gago, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, Dariusz Czeslaw Miskowiec, Y. J. Kwon, Sanjib Muhuri, P. Roy, Silvia Masciocchi, P. Pillot, Marco Leoncino, Evgeny Karpechev, Francesco Barile, Heidrun E. K. Hartmann, Leonid Vinogradov, Gabor Kiss, D. W. Kim, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Eugen Mudnic, Jorn Henning Putschke, Renu Bala, David Michael Rohr, Kenta Shigaki, A. Tarantola Peloni, F. Blanco, Ken Oyama, C. G. Yaldo, Zhuo Zhou, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Franck Manso, Martijn Reicher, J. Castillo Castellanos, X. G. Lu, Johanna Stachel, G. Conesa Balbastre, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Stefania Bufalino, Joakim Nystrand, Chinorat Kobdaj, Hege Austrheim Erdal, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, Jan Rak, E. Floratos, Renaud Vernet, C. Klein-Bösing, M. Bach, Y. Sibiriak, Z. Conesa del Valle, Yu. V. Kharlov, Mikhail Malaev, Xiangrong Zhu, Massimiliano Marchisone, A. S. Nyanin, F. Bellini, A. Karasu Uysal, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Radiy Ilkaev, J. D. Tapia Takaki, C. Garabatos, Dong Jo Kim, V. Razazi, Giacomo Bruno, Michal Petran, Maciej Slupecki, Kishora Nayak, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, A. Vyushin, T. J. Humanic, Z. Buthelezi, Peter Zahariev Hristov, V. Grigoriev, Ali Zaman, E. Spiriti, Christian Claude Kuhn, D. Hatzifotiadou, Predrag Buncic, Laszlo Boldizsar, J. Takahashi, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Supriya Das, Paola Gianotti, R. A. Soltz, K. Schweda, I. Kulakov, Øystein Senneset Haaland, Francesco Bossu, K. Šafařík, M. Keil Svn, Elena Rocco, J.-Y. Grossiord, H. Appelshäuser, Ketil Røed, G. Viesti, Alina Gabriela Grigoras, J. Martin Blanco, Stefano Piano, Vladislav Manko, I. Garishvili, Y. Corrales Morales, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, P. Cerello, Vikas Singhal, S. Yasnopolskiy, Bogdan Vulpescu, Antonino Zichichi, Vladimir Peskov, F. Scarlassara, Tomoya Tsuji, G. S. Pappalardo, Sergey Nikolaev, P. G. Kuijer, Pascal Dillenseger, R. Dang, Federico Cindolo, Y. Pestov, L. Šándor, Vito Manzari, Viktor Riabov, Andrea Dubla, Ivan Vorobyev, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, V. Catanescu, Iosif Legrand, Marco Marquard, Eugenio Scapparone, D. Budnikov, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, A. J. Rubio Montero, Angelo Rivetti, Hans Peter Beck, Peter Chochula, I. K. Yoo, R. Varma, S. Di Liberto, Toralf Bernhard Skaali, Deepa Thomas, Satyajit Jena, Felix Reidt, M. E. Connors, V. Chibante Barroso, Alexandre Shabetai, HT Yang, Gideon Francois Steyn, M. Mohisin Khan, I. Berceanu, Borge Svane Nielsen, Christophe Pierre Suire, Linda Vickovic, D. Fabris, Yonghong Zhang, Nikita Agrawal, G. Martínez García, Myunggeun Song, Maxime Guilbaud, Rosario Turrisi, Adela Kravcakova, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, A. G. Bogdanov, C. Lara, Vardanush Papikyan, Herve Borel, P. González-Zamora, Vladimir Kaplin, Lucia Leardini, J. L. Klay, A. R. Reolon, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Yuichiro Sekiguchi, R. Scott, Peter Kalinak, J. Bartke, Vladimir Belyaev, Artem Shangaraev, Valery Punin, S.A. Zaporozhets, Adriana Telesca, M. Berger, Ralf Peter Averbeck, S. Beole, C. Lagana Fernandes, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Petra Riedler, C. Petta, Dagmar Adamová, L. V. Malinina, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Jurgen Schukraft, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Roman Lietava, P. Crochet, M. A. Diaz Corchero, C. Ionita, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, K. Das, Chiara Zampolli, Bruno Alessandro, M. Venaruzzo, Bastian Bathen, Jørgen André Lien, Oleg Karavichev, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Antonio Rossi, Christian Schmidt, Henrik Qvigstad, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, D. Eschweiler, S. De Pasquale, L. Montaño Zetina, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Rudiger Haake, Øystein Djuvsland, Satyabrata Kar, Victor Trubnikov, Krzysztof Redlich, Marek Kowalski, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Jubin Mitra, Sergey Gorbunov, Tatiana Karavicheva, Julien Faivre, Friederike Bock, M. A. Lisa, Gyula Bencedi, M. Morando, Bruno Espagnon, Antoine Xavier Lardeux, A. A. Vinogradov, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, Håvard Helstrup, J. S. Real, M. C. S. Williams, Arturo Tauro, Subikash Choudhury, Alberto Collu, Fedor Guber, Constantinos Loizides, Luke David Hanratty, Barbara Guerzoni, Tatsuya Chujo, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, M. Nicassio, Z. Yin, G. D'Erasmo, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Y. Martynov, S. K. Oh, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Xiang Zhang, M. Heide, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Federico Antinori, Sohail Musa Mahmood, Christoph Blume, Igor Altsybeev, Chengxin Zhao, M. Basile, Seyong Kim, G. Puddu, Alex Hansen, Antonio Uras, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Peter Christiansen, S. Li, Ramona Lea, Gerardus Nooren, Jan Musinsky, M. Kretz, Dieter Røhrich, Ombretta Pinazza, K. Shtejer, Sven Gotovac, Jan Wagner, Ionut Christian Arsene, X. Sanchez Castro, Gilda Scioli, Andrei Gheata, J.A. Mares, M. Esposito, T. Peitzmann, T. C. Awes, Inayat Rasool Bhat, G. Tejeda Muñoz, Laszlo Olah, Y. Wang, R. de Rooij, Andrzej Rybicki, Vit Kucera, Ciprian Mihai Mitu, C. Søgaard, Nikola Poljak, Maitreyee Mukherjee, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Grazia Luparello, Paraskevi Ganoti, R. Russo, J. de Cuveland, T. Antičić, Richa Gupta, I. Cortés Maldonado, Leonardo Milano, N. Zaviyalov, A. Gomez Ramirez, D. Silvermyr, L. Aphecetche, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, J. Mlynarz, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, Peter Strmen, Luciana Bianchi, M. Vajzer, P. Rosnet, Andrea Agostinelli, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Biswarup Paul, I. E. Yushmanov, Stefan Thomas Heckel, Marta Verweij, Antonin Maire, Bedangadas Mohanty, Alexei Khanzadeev, Vladimir Vechernin, M. van Leeuwen, A. Batista Camejo, H. Bøggild, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Cristiane Jahnke, Beomsu Chang, Sergey Fokin, D. Pant, C. Oppedisano, D. Vranic, E. Stenlund, Vitaly Loginov, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, J. Lehnert, Paolo Pagano, Amalia Pop, Rachid Guernane, Chitrasen Jena, Torsten Alt, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, V. Wagner, V. Petráček, Ruben Shahoyan, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, E. G. Ferreiro, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Johannes Peter Wessels, Jan Cepila, Imrich Szarka, Nicole Bastid, S. K. Pal, Goran Simatovic, Janka Vrlakova, Daniel Lohner, C. Cavicchioli, Frederick Kramer, Adrian Sevcenco, Jochen Gerhard, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, T. J. M. Symons, Ping Yang, Podist Kurashvili, Y. P. Viyogi, Giacomo Volpe, Natasha Sharma, V. R. Loggins, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Ankhi Roy, G. Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Latchezar Betev, Philipp Johannes Luettig, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, J. J. Gaardhøje, Alexandru Bercuci, Olja Dordic, S. A. Ahn, I. León Monzón, Hongbo Zhu, T. P. Sinha, Jozef Ferencei, Kamal Hussain Khan, Mikhail Ippolitov, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Benjamin Donigus, C. Cicalo, Natalia Zhigareva, D. Watanabe, Dominik Fehlker, Toru Sugitate, Michele Floris, Guy Paic, Ijaz Ahmed, Dmitry Mal'kevich, J. P. Revol, M. Gallio, Jacobus Onderwaater, Igor Pshenichnov, Helmut Oskar Oeschler, A. W. Rauf, Henner Buesching, Min Jung Kweon, J. L. Charvet, Jan Figiel, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Dario Berzano, Sibaji Raha, S. L. La Pointe, David H. Evans, Peter Malzacher, Eleazar Cuautle, Martin Schulc, Juyeon Yi, Rashmi Raniwala, F. J. Sánchez Rodríguez, Jovan Milosevic, Diego Stocco, M. Estienne, A. Szanto de Toledo, Lucile Ronflette, Claude Andre Pruneau, L. Calero Diaz, Luciano Musa, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Agneta Oskarsson, A. Matyja, Janusz Oleniacz, T. Pawlak, Anders Garritt Knospe, Alberto Baldisseri, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, Roberto Barbera, I. Maldonado Cervantes, Elena Bruna, Elena Botta, A. De Falco, Markus Fasel, F. Rettig, M. Wilde, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Marc Weber, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, P. Vande Vyvre, Pietro Cortese, Sonia Parmar, Maria Vasileiou, V. Paticchio, Vladimir Kovalenko, Shiming Yang, C. Bianchin, Naghmeh Mohammadi, Rui Ma, Rajeev Singh, Ali Okatan, Christoph Mayer, U. Frankenfeld, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, Benjamin Andreas Hess, Kyrre Skjerdal, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, E. Montes, F. Prino, B. Polichtchouk, Ana Maria Marin, E. Calvo Villar, Stefan Kirsch, Alexander Kluge, Sergey Nikulin, A. Rodriguez Manso, A. Di Mauro, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, M. Gumbo, E. A. R. Casula, Nirbhay Kumar Behera, Ralf Keidel, Alice Zimmermann, Redmer Alexander Bertens, G. V. Margagliotti, S. Vergara Limón, Peter Levai, E. H.O. Pohjoisaho, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Marie Germain, Zubayer Ahammed, Maksym Zyzak, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Alexander Vodopyanov, Alexandr Tumkin, Jitendra Kumar, Davide Francesco Lodato, Bikash Sinha, N. Grion, Markus Konrad Kohler, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, A. Fernández Téllez, Martin Poghosyan, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, D. Peresunko, Kirill Voloshin, Filippo Costa, Oliver Busch, Michael Linus Knichel, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Monika Kofarago, Marian Ivanov, Marco De Petris, Jens Wiechula, Andrea Festanti, Salvatore Aiola, Jana Bielcikova, B. K. Srivastava, R. Romita, Raymond James Ehlers, G. Stefanek, Vladimir Nikulin, Maria Haiduc, Boris Hippolyte, Carlos A. Salgado, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, J. Mercado Pérez, P. La Rocca, Alberto Caliva, S. P. Sorensen, Sebastian Kalcher, D. De Gruttola, Mihai Petrovici, Bjarte Kileng, Ara Grigoryan, D. Elia, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Néstor Armesto, Emilia Leogrande, Mohd Danish Azmi, B. von Haller, Rama Chandra Baral, Peter Graham Jones, Smbat Grigoryan, Rainer Martin Schicker, Andrzej Deloff, D. Felea, J. Book, Andre Augustinus, Evgeny Kryshen, M. A. Tangaro, Roberto Preghenella, Marek Chojnacki, I. Ilkiv, E. Serradilla, M. Steinpreis, Petr Zavada, Deepika Rathee, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Paul Christoph Bätzing, Ante Bilandzic, S. Kox, G. Hamar, Yasuo Miake, Palash Khan, Davide Caffarri, A. Ortiz Velasquez, Stefano Bagnasco, Johannes Hendrik Stiller, Zabulon Vilakazi, Sylvain Chapeland, Volodymyr Chelnokov, Rinaldo Rui, H. Pereira Da Costa, M. Fusco Girard, Sergey Evdokimov, Jason Kamin, Jiri Kral, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Boris Wagner, Tyler Allen Browning, J. G. Contreras, Shinichi Hayashi, Alla Maevskaya, M. I. Martínez, Michal Krelina, A. B. Kurepin, Mirko Planinic, S. Schuchmann, Vladimir Ivanov, Didier Alexandre, G. L. Usai, Debasish Das, D. L. D. Keijdener, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Timo Eero Hilden, Y. Vinogradov, L. Valencia Palomo, L. Cunqueiro, G. Santagati, D. S. Hwang, A. Feliciello, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Sergey Nazarenko, Betty Abelev, Jeewon Seo, Brigitte Cheynis, Hannes Jung, Hideki Hamagaki, Anselmo Margotti, G.F. Segato, F. V. Böhmer, G. de Cataldo, Marcel Araujo Silva Figueredo, M. Veldhoen, Alessandra Fantoni, Angela Badala, S. Rohni, Anand Kumar Dubey, Hans Martin Ljunggren, Y. Kucheriaev, Tim Schuster, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Y. Zoccarato, A. Tarazona Martinez, Lee Stuart Barnby, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Elena Rogochaya, M. Kim, P. I. Loenne, Anton Andronic, H. J. Jang, Jan Hladky, Baldo Sahlmuller, S. Sharma, A. De Caro, J. Van Der Maarel, P. Di Nezza, Madan M. Aggarwal, S. Dørheim, I. Lakomov, Wisla Carena, Martino Gagliardi, D. Di Bari, Jihye Song, S. Esumi, Joel Anthony Mazer, M. Irfan, V. Kadyshevskiy, Martin Vala, S. U. Chung, Alessandro Grelli, R. Cruz Albino, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, S. K. Basu, Christian Holm Christensen, Jaime Norman, Alexander Mamonov, Fengchu Zhou, M. Pachr, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, Nicola Bianchi, Muhammad Ajaz, M. Spacek, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, D. R. Gangadharan, Cristina Terrevoli, E. Nappi, M. Bogolyubsky, V. Lenti, B. Grinyov, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, H.R. Gulkanyan, Anju Bhasin, G. A. Feofilov, M. Zhalov, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Meidana Huang, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, S. Böttger, Premomoy Ghosh, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, R. Belmont, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Nur Hussain, Alessandro Ferretti, Francesco Noferini, E. Dénes, J. H. Kang, Attiq Ur Rehman, Motoi Inaba, X. Cai, Davide Falchieri, Michal Broz, Nicole Alice Martin, R. D. Majka, A. Nedosekin, O. Villalobos Baillie, Christian Lippmann, J. W. Van Hoorne, R. A. Ricci, V. P. Kondratiev, T. Breitner, Andrey Vasiliev, Enrico Scomparin, Pooja Pareek, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Andrea Francescon, F. Carena, and Taku Gunji

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elliptic flow, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Omega, ddc, Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The elliptic flow coefficient ( v 2 ) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Δ η | > 0 . 9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v 2 is reported for π ± , K ± , K S 0 , p + p ¯ $$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$ , ϕ , Λ + Λ ¯ $$ \Lambda +\overline{\Lambda} $$ , Ξ − + Ξ ¯ + $$ {\Xi}^{-}+{\overline{\Xi}}^{+} $$ and Ω − + Ω ¯ + $$ {\Omega}^{-}+{\overline{\Omega}}^{+} $$ in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum ( p T ) region, p T < 3 GeV/ c , v 2 ( p T ) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for π ± and the combined K ± and K S 0 results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the v 2 ( p T ) for p + p ¯ $$ \mathrm{p}+\overline{\mathrm{p}} $$ , ϕ , Λ + Λ ¯ $$ \Lambda +\overline{\Lambda} $$ and Ξ − + Ξ ¯ + $$ {\Xi}^{-}+{\overline{\Xi}}^{+} $$ . For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/ c , particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of ±20% for p T > 3 GeV/ c .

Published
2015

398. Composition-selective fabrication of ordered intermetallic Au-Cu nanowires and their application to nano-size electrochemical glucose detection

Author

Mijeong Kang, Haesik Yang, Hyoban Lee, Taejoon Kang, Si-in Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Gayoung Eom, and Ahreum Hwang

Subjects
Materials science, Nanostructure, Fabrication, Nanowires, Mechanical Engineering, Nanowire, Intermetallic, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Biosensing Techniques, Electrochemical Techniques, Electrochemistry, Ascorbic acid, Glucose, Nanocrystal, Mechanics of Materials, Electrode, General Materials Science, Gold, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Oxidation-Reduction, Copper
Abstract

Bimetallic nanostructures can provide distinct and improved physicochemical properties by the coupling effect of the two metal components, making them promising materials for a variety of applications. Herein, we report composition-selective fabrication of ordered intermetallic Au-Cu nanowires (NWs) by two-step chemical vapor transport method and their application to nano-electrocatalytic glucose detection. Ordered intermetallic Au3Cu and AuCu3 NWs are topotaxially fabricated by supplying Cu-containing chemicals to pre-synthesized single-crystalline Au NW arrays. The composition of fabricated Au-Cu NWs can be selected by changing the concentration of Cu-containing species. Interestingly, Au3Cu NW electrodes show unique electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation, allowing us to detect glucose without interference from ascorbic acid. Such interference-free detection of glucose is attributed to the synergistic effect, induced by incorporation of Cu in Au. We anticipate that Au3Cu NWs could show possibility as efficient nano-size electrochemical glucose sensors and the present fabrication method can be employed to fabricate valuable ordered intermetallic nanostructures.

Published
2015

399. Construction status of CXI beamline at PAL-XFEL

Author

Sangsoo Kim, Moo-Hyun Cho, In Soo Ko, Ki-Hyun Nam, Jaehyun Park, and Bongsoo Kim

Subjects
Physics, Diffraction, Photon, business.industry, Scattering, Free-electron laser, chemistry.chemical_element, Coherent diffraction imaging, Optics, chemistry, Beamline, Femtosecond, Beryllium, business
Abstract

Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) is a research facility currently under construction. It will provide ultra-bright (assuming 1 X 10 12 photons/pulse at 12.4 keV) and ultra-short (10-60 femtosecond) X-ray pulses. The CXI (Coherent X-ray Imaging) end-station, which will be constructed for hard X-ray beamline at the PAL-XFEL, is designed to deliver brilliant hard x-rays (2-20 keV) and to measure diffraction signals with forward scattering geometry, mainly. Not only will it offer imaging studies of biological, chemical and physical samples by the “diffract-before-destroy” technique, but will also be helpful in high field hard x-ray physics and material science. The scientific programs are currently aimed at serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) for macromolecular systems and coherent diffraction imaging for bio specimens and nano structures etc. In this paper, we describe the details of the beamline layout, X-ray focusing optics (Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror and Beryllium CRLs) and sample delivery system (liquid jet/LCP sample injector, fixed target system) that will be installed at the CXI beamline. Keywords: PAL-XFEL, CXI, endstation

Published
2015

400. Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

Author

Ilaria Aimo, Alexander Akindinov, Pietro Cortese, E. Dénes, Michael Andreas Winn, Boris Batyunya, J. H. Kang, X. Cai, M. Sano, Davide Falchieri, A. K. Bhati, T. Aronsson, Michal Broz, D. Domenicis Gimenez, J. Pluta, Nicole Alice Martin, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Yongwook Baek, Naghmeh Mohammadi, C. E. Pérez Lara, Alexander Borissov, R. D. Majka, Nikolai Smirnov, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen, Dmitry Finogeev, Subhash Singha, Sedat Altinpinar, T. K. Nayak, Alexei Khanzadeev, H. Bøggild, E. Calvo Villar, Stefan Kirsch, Rene Bellwied, E. Stenlund, J. Lehnert, Annika Passfeld, Marian Krivda, Sergey Nikulin, Z. Yin, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Jochen Gerhard, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, David Michael Rohr, Sandro Bjelogrlic, C. G. Yaldo, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Svein Lindal, Rishat Sultanov, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Sara Vallero, Sudipan De, Ping Yang, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Ermanno Vercellin, I. S. Zgura, M. A. Mazzoni, Artem Konevskikh, H.R. Gulkanyan, Anju Bhasin, Guy Paic, Silvia Arcelli, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Dimitry Aleksandrov, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, Sarita Sahoo, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Saehanseul Oh, I. León Monzón, Jozef Ferencei, C. Cicalo, Agneta Oskarsson, Dario Berzano, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, Tahir Hussain, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Peter Malzacher, G. A. Feofilov, Debojit Sarkar, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Dirk Hutter, B. Ghidini, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M. Keil Svn, Branislav Sitar, A. Matyja, Janusz Oleniacz, A. J. Rubio Montero, A. De Falco, Peter Glassel, R. N. Singaraju, Dmitry Blau, C. Roy, M. Zhalov, M. Wilde, Hans Peter Beck, Sergey Gorbunov, G. Herrera Corral, P. H. S. Y. Jayarathna, Arild Velure, Y. Berdnikov, Ana Vargas, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, Kjetil Ullaland, N. De Marco, Danthasinghe Piyarathna, I. Maldonado Cervantes, L. V. Malinina, Elena Bruna, Francesco Barile, Linus Feldkamp, Andres Sandoval, G. Puddu, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, E. Belmont-Moreno, Francesco Riggi, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Heidrun E. K. Hartmann, Lawrence Pinsky, Alberto Masoni, Jochen Klein, Panagiota Foka, Jai Samuel Nielsen Salzwedel, S. A. Ahn, Jan Wagner, P. Vande Vyvre, X. Sanchez Castro, Gilda Scioli, Igor Pshenichnov, A. W. Rauf, Tsubasa Okubo, Sonia Parmar, Roman Lietava, P. Crochet, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Raimond Snellings, T. Antičić, Richa Gupta, Joakim Nystrand, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Botje, Raffaele Grosso, S. Böttger, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, Mesut Arslandok, Werner Riegler, Chaosong Gao, Fiorella Fionda, Sergey Kiselev, G.F. Segato, Jan Figiel, F. J. Sánchez Rodríguez, Vladislav Manko, Bogdan Vulpescu, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Jovan Milosevic, Paolo Camerini, Y. Martynov, Sohail Musa Mahmood, J. S. Kim, J. Thäder, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, J.A. Mares, Ionut Christian Arsene, Alla Maevskaya, T.H. Kim, S. K. 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Shtejer, Valentina Zaccolo, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Mihaela Gheata, J. Zhu, Zhou Zhuo, C. Pajares, D. I. Patalakha, Alberica Toia, H. Zhang, Magnus Mager, Alexandru Bercuci, W. J. Park, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, D. Watanabe, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Bastian Bathen, Henrik Qvigstad, Annalisa Mastroserio, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, M. Nicassio, G. D'Erasmo, Igor Altsybeev, Seyong Kim, Laszlo Olah, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Torsten Alt, Mahmut Ozdemir, Markus Fasel, Francesco Noferini, UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and ALICE

Subjects
Particle physics, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), CM ENERGIES, Negative binomial distribution, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], DIFFRACTION, Inclusive photon production, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, Inclusive photon production, forward rapidities, proton–proton collisions, REGION, CROSS-SECTIONS, Nuclear physics, LIMITING FRAGMENTATION, 0103 physical sciences, HADRON INTERACTIONS, DISTRIBUTIONS, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), forward rapidities, ALICE, LHC, p-p collisions, photon, Physics, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 [VDP], proton–proton collisions, PP COLLISIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Multiplicity (mathematics), Limiting, Nuclear Energy, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES, Pseudorapidity, PHOTOPRODUCTION, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Beam energy
Abstract

The multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons have been measured at forward rapidities ($2.3 < ��< 3.9$) in proton-proton collisions at three center-of-mass energies, $\sqrt{s}=0.9$, 2.76 and 7 TeV using the ALICE detector. It is observed that the increase in the average photon multiplicity as a function of beam energy is compatible with both a logarithmic and a power-law dependence. The relative increase in average photon multiplicity produced in inelastic pp collisions at 2.76 and 7 TeV center-of-mass energies with respect to 0.9 TeV are 37.2% $\pm$ 0.3% (stat) $\pm$ 8.8% (sys) and 61.2% $\pm$ 0.3% (stat) $\pm$ 7.6% (sys), respectively. The photon multiplicity distributions for all center-of-mass energies are well described by negative binomial distributions. The multiplicity distributions are also presented in terms of KNO variables. The results are compared to model predictions, which are found in general to underestimate the data at large photon multiplicities, in particular at the highest center-of-mass energy. Limiting fragmentation behavior of photons has been explored with the data, but is not observed in the measured pseudorapidity range., 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1024

Published
2015

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