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Diplomsko delo govori o preprečevanju urinske inkontinence v času nosečnosti. Namen diplomskega dela je opozoriti na pomembnost preprečevanja urinske inkontinence v času nosečnosti in po porodu. Prikazati vlogo medicinske sestre pri zdravstveno vzgojnem delu nosečnice. V teoretičnem delu je opisana urinska inkontinenca, opisan je tudi vpliv urinske inkontinence na kakovost življenje. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili vpliv nosečnosti in poroda na medenično dno in zdravstveno vzgojno delo medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju urinske inkontinence v času nosečnosti. Izpostavili smo vaje za krepitev mišic medeničnega dna in podali nekaj konkretnih primerov vaj. V empiričnem delu smo prikazali izsledke raziskave. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da se pri 18 % nosečnic pojavlja urinska inkontinenca. Večina nosečnic je bilo informiranih o preprečevanju urinske inkontinence, kar 46 % nosečnic je samih s pomočjo interneta, revij ali knjig poiskalo informacije o vajah za mišice medeničnega dna. Ugotovili smo, da 78 % anketiranih nosečnic izvaja vaje za mišice medeničnega dna, od tega 42 % samo občasno. This diploma work discusses prevention of urinary incontinence during pregnancy. The purpose of the diploma work is to stress the importance of the prevention of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after birth, and to show the role of a nurse at health educational work with a pregnant woman. The urinary incontinence and its influence on the quality of life are described in theoretical part. The influence of pregnancy and delivery on pelvic floor and the health educational work of nurse at preventing the urinary incontinence during pregnancy are discussed in the instalment. We exposed exercises for strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and presented a few examples of exercises. In the empirical part we presented the results of the research. A descriptive method of work was used. The research showed that urinary incontinence appears with 18 % of pregnant women. The majority was informed about the prevention of urinary incontinence and 46 % of pregnant women searched by themselves for information about exercises for the muscles of the pelvic floor by the means of internet, magazines or books. The research showed that 78 % of interviewed pregnant women are doing the pelvic floor exercises, of which 42 % only at times.

Diplomsko delo z naslovom Obravnava mladih bolnic s pomanjkanjem železa zajema raziskavo med nosečnicami, ženskami v fertilni dobi in vegetarijankami. Opisali smo vzroke za nastanek anemije zaradi pomanjkanja železa in katere skupine so bolj občutljive, da se pri njih pojavi anemija. Predstavljeno je, kje se nahaja železo v človeškem organizmu, kje se skladišči in kako ga človek absorbira ter tudi kako se železo izloča iz telesa. Prav tako je predstavljeno, v kateri hrani je največ železa ter katere snovi zmanjšujejo absorpcijo v telesu in katere snovi jo povečujejo. Opisali smo, kako anemijo definira Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija (SZO), kako razvrstimo anemije, znake bolezni ter tudi diagnostiko in zdravljenje anemije. Metodologija je kvantitativna. Rezultati so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo delno strukturiranega anketnega vprašalnika. Ugotavljali smo, kako na nastanek anemije zaradi pomanjkanja železa vplivajo menstruacija, nosečnost in vegetarijanstvo. Zanimalo nas je tudi, kakšne znake so bolnice opazile, ko so zbolele, in v katerem življenjskem obdobju so zbolele. Prav tako nas je zanimalo, ali so bile zdravljene z železovimi preparati in ali so imele zaradi terapije z železovimi preparati kakšne stranske učinke. Dotaknili smo se še načina prehranjevanja, in sicer ali so zaradi bolezni spremenile način prehranjevanja. Zanimalo nas je še, kje so dobile bolnice največ informacij o svoji bolezni. Rezultati kažejo, da je večina bolnic opazila znake anemije, prav tako se je večina vprašanih že zdravila z železovimi preparati, skoraj vse pa so imele stranske učinke zdravljenja. Pri prehranjevanju smo ugotovili, da se nizek odstotek odloči za spremembo načina prehranjevanja. Največ informacij o svoji bolezni so bolnice dobile prek interneta. The thesis on 'Treatment of young female patients with the iron deficiency' includes research among pregnant women, fertile women and vegetarians. It deals with anemia initiation due to the iron deficiency. It is presented what groups are more sensitive and probable to get affected by anemia, where in a human body it is typical for iron to be found and stored, how it is absorbed and excreted from the body. Furthermore, the thesis presents the food that contains the most iron, and the substances that increase and decrease the absorption in a body. I included the description of the anemia definition of the Slovene Health Organization, classification of anemia, signs and diagnosis and its treatment. The methodology of the thesis is quantitative. The results were gained by a partial structural questionnaire. It has been researched in what way the anemia initiation because of the iron deficiency is caused by the menstruation, pregnancy and vegetarianism. I was interested in the signs patients noticed when being sick and what life period were they in when they got sick. Furthermore, I was interested if they got any iron preparation treatment and if they experinces any side effects. The thesis also discusses the eating habits before the sickness and possible changes in their eating habits after it. I was also interested in the fact where the patient received the most information on their sickness. The results show that anemia signs were noticed by most patients. Most of them were also treated by iron preparations and almost all of them experienced side effects of the treatment. Considering their eating habits, the results have shown a very low percentage of the patients that have changed their eating habits. Most information they found on the internet.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja in opisuje zdravstveno vzgojo nosečnice in vlogo ter naloge medicisnke sestre pri zdravstveno-vzgojnem delu. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz dveh delov. V prvem (teoretičnem) delu je predstavljena nosečnost po trimesečjih, zdravstveno varstvo nosečnice, predporodna oskrba, zdravstvena vzgoja v času nosečnosti in šola za bodoče starše. V drugem (empiričnem) delu diplomske naloge so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave, s katero smo želeli ugotoviti način življenja nosečnic med nosečnostjo. Raziskava je bila opravljena v ginekoloških ambulantah — dispanzerjih za ženske, in sicer v Zdravstvenem domu Hrastnik, Zdravstvenem domu Trbovlje ter v Zdravstvenem domu Zagorje ob Savi. Anketiranje je bilo izvedeno v mesecu decembru 2009 in januarju 2010. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se večina nosečnic zaveda pomembnosti zdravega načina življenja v času nosečnosti. This diploma thesis presents and describes health education of a pregnant woman and nurse’s part and duties in this process. It consists of two parts. The first (theoretical) part presents pregnancy according to three month periods, health care of a pregnant woman, prenatal care, health education during pregnancy, and antenatal classes. The second (empirical) part of the diploma thesis presents the results of a research. Its aim was to discover the lifestyle of pregnant women during their pregnancies. The research was carried out at gynaecologists in three health centres: in Hrastnik, Trbovlje and Zagorje. Questionnaires were completed in December 2009 and in January 2010. From the results of the research, it can be seen that the majority of pregnant women are aware that leading a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy is very important.

Rojstvo zdravega otroka je nedvomno eden izmed najpomembnejših dogodkov v življenju posameznika in družine. Namen diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti v kolikšni meri se pri nosečnicah vključuje v preventivo patronažna medicinska sestra (PMS) in kaj nosečnice pričakujejo od njenega hišnega obiska. Cilj je bil oceniti želje nosečnic po hišnem obisku PMS in ugotoviti kje dobijo nosečnice največ informacij o nosečnosti in zdravem načinu življenja ter ugotoviti koliko so nosečnice poučene o pravicah v zdravstveni dejavnosti in na delovnem mestu. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Izvedena je bila anketa med 31. nosečnicami. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da nosečnice nimajo želje po hišnem obisku PMS. Večino informacij ne dobijo od zdravstvenega osebja. Nosečnice menijo, da so dobro zdravstveno poučene tudi o pravicah v zdravstveni dejavnosti in na delovnem mestu. Da bi bila večina nosečnic deležna strokovnih informacij o nosečnosti, bi moral zdravstveni sistem imeti dobro izdelan sistem pretoka informacij o pravicah, ki jih ženska ima kot nosečnica. The birth of a healthy baby is undoubtedly one of the most important events in the lives of individuals and families. The purpose of the diploma work was to determine to what extent the community prevention nurses are present in prevention programme for pregnant women and what pregnant women expect from their house visits. The aim was to assess to what extent pregnant women desire to be visited by community nurse and to identify where pregnant women obtain the majority of information regarding pregnancy and healthy lifestyle. We were also interested in how much pregnant women know about the rights of pregnant women in health care and at the workplace. The descriptive method was used. Survey has been carried out among 31 pregnant women. We found out that pregnant women do not have the desire for house visits from community nurses. The majority of the information they do not receive from medical personnel. Pregnant women feel that they are well informed about health rights in health care and at the workplace. For the majority of pregnant women to receive expert information on pregnancy, health-care system should have a well designed system of information flow on the rights they have as a pregnant woman.

V diplomski nalogi sta predstavljeni zdravstvena oskrba in zdravstvena vzgoja nosečnice v dispanzerju za ženske. V teoretičnem delu smo opisali, kako pride do oploditve in katere so najpogostejše spremembe, ki se pojavijo v času nosečnosti. Predstavili smo tudi pomen zdravstvenega varstva v nosečnosti. Opisan je prvi zdravstveni pregled in vsi nadaljnji pregledi v nosečnosti, laboratorijske in ultrazvočne preiskave v nosečnosti, težave, ki se lahko pojavijo v nosečnosti, zdravstvena vzgoja nosečnice ter socialna in zakonska zaščita nosečnice. Diplomsko delo nas prav tako seznanja z vlogo in nalogo medicinske sestre pri pregledih nosečnice v dispanzerju za ženske. V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli v Zdravstvenih domovih Ljubljana, in sicer med 100 nosečnicami, ki so dispanzer za ženske obiskale konec avgusta in v začetku septembra 2009. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika smo ugotovili, da so nosečnice seznanjene z osnovnimi preiskavami, niso pa osveščene o dodatnih oziroma o samoplačniških preiskavah, ki jih lahko opravijo še med nosečnostjo. Ugotovili smo, da so nosečnice seznanjene z možnimi zapleti, do katerih lahko pride med nosečnostjo, da se nosečnice zavedajo pomena zdrave in uravnotežene prehrene in telesne aktivnosti med nosečnostjo in da je 59 % ankentiranih nosečnic mnenja, da je njihova komunikacija z medicinsko sestro in ginekologom uspešna. Medical care and health education of pregnant women in women’s clinic is presented in the diploma. In the theoretical part, we described how insemination happens and what the most common changes in the time of pregnancy are. We also presented the importance of medical care during pregnancy - the first medical check-up and all following check-ups during pregnancy, laboratory and ultrasound examinations in the time of pregnancy, problems that can occur during pregnancy, health education, and social and statutory protection of a pregnant woman. The diploma also informs us about the role and tasks of a nurse during a check-up of a pregnant woman at a women’s clinic. In the empirical part of the diploma, we present the research results which we carried out at the health centres of Ljubljana among 100 pregnant women who visited women’s clinic in the period from end of August until the beginning of September 2009. With the help of a questionnaire, we ascertained that pregnant women are familiar with basic examinations, but they are not informed about the additional or self-funding examinations that they can do during their pregnancy. We discovered that pregnant women are familiar with possible complications which can occur during pregnancy, and that they are aware of the meaning of healthy, balanced diet and physical activity during pregnancy. 59% of women questioned think that their communication with the nurse and gynaecologist is successful.

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili motnje v strjevanju krvi, ki vplivajo na operativno zdravljenje, dejavnike tveganja za nastanek venske tromboze, predstavili smo tudi, kaj mora medicinska sestra opazovati pri kirurški rani in pripravo hemofilika na operativni poseg. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli med zdravstvenimi delavci kirurških oddelkov Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Maribor v mesecu juniju 2009. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika, ki je vseboval vprašanja odprtega, zaprtega in kombiniranega tipa. Ugotoviti smo želeli, ali medicinske sestre vedo, da oralna kontracepcijska sredstva in nosečnost vplivata na koagulacijo, ali vedo, da se hemofiliki smejo ukvarjati s športom in da je najprimernejše plavanje in ali vedo, da je priporočeno obdobje uporabe elastičnih povojev ali nogavic od šest mesecev do enega leta. Ugotovili smo, da večina zdravstvenih delavcev ve, da oralna kontracepcijska sredstva in nosečnost vplivata na koagulacijo in da se hemofiliki smejo ukvarjati s športom. Da je najprimernejše plavanje, ve večina anketirancev. Le četrtina anketirancev ve, da je priporočeno obdobje uporabe elastičnih povojev in nogavic od šest mesecev do enega leta. The theme of my graduation paper is blood disorders that influence surgical treatment and the risk factors for development of vein thrombosis. I have pointed out what a nurse has to observe at the surgery wound and also how haemophiliacs have to be prepared for a surgery. The empirical part shows the results of the research that was carried out in June 2009 among medical workers of surgery wards in University Clinical Center in Maribor. The data were acquired using an annonymus questionnaire that contained questions of open, closed and combined type. My aim was to find out if nurses knew that oral contraceptives and pregnancy influence blood coagulation and if they are aware of the fact that haemophiliacs can practice sports of which swimming is most suitable. The nurses should also know that the recommended period for use of elastic bandages or stockings is from 6 months to one year. We have found out that most medical workers knew that oral contraceptives and pregnancy had influence on blood coagulation and that haemophiliacs could practice a sport. Most of the questionned workers knew that swimming is most suitable sport for them. However, only one quarter of the questionned knew that the recommended period for use of elastic wraps and stockings is from 6 months to a year.

Diplomsko delo govori o športu v času nosečnosti. Namen diplomskega dela je prikazati pomen telesne aktivnosti v nosečnosti, vlogo medicinske sestre pri informiranju nosečnic in izvesti raziskavo med nosečnicami, ki so športno aktivne. V prvem delu so opredeljena teoretična stališča iz razpoložljive domače in tuje literature. Predstavljen je vpliv športa na nosečnico in njenega otroka, pomen in oblike športne dejavnosti ter načrtovanje programa v času nosečnosti. Predstavljeno je tudi zdravstveno vzgojno delo medicinske sestre, nasveti in vrste športa ter tehnike sproščanja. V drugem delu je predstavljena raziskava, ki je bila izvedena med nosečnicami v Centru Štorklja Maribor. Vprašalnik je bil anonimen in neobvezen ter je vseboval petnajst vprašanj zaprtega in odprtega tipa. Vprašanja so se nanašala na obdobje od začetka nosečnosti (kako in zakaj so se odločile za vadbo) in na obdobje med nosečnostjo (kakšne vplive ima vadba na njih). Anketiranih je bilo trideset nosečnic starih 20 do 40 let. Na podlagi analize pridobljenih rezultatov smo ugotovili, da nosečnice ne poznajo tako dobro pomena telesne aktivnosti v času nosečnosti in da se kar 43 % nosečnic ukvarja s hojo. In my diploma i presented the topic of sports in time of pregnancy. The purpose of my diploma is to present the meaning of physical activity in time of pregnancy, the role of nurse at informing pregnant women and also to conduct a research among pregnant women, that are active in sports. In first part I defined theoretical points of view from available domestic and foreign literature. I presented the impact of sports on pregnant woman and her child, the meaning and forms of sports activities and planning the program in the time of pregnancy. Also I presented health educational work of nurses, tips, sorts of sports and techniques of relaxation. In second part is presented the research, that was made between pregnant women in Center Štorklja Maribor. The questionnaire was anonymous and optional and it consisted fifteen questions of closed and open type. The questions concerned the period from the beginning of pregnancy (how and why women decided for exercise) and the period between pregnancy (the kind of impacts exercise had on them). The survey was done between thirty pregnant women in the age of 20 to 40 years. On the basis of analysis of obtained results we found that pregnant women do not know well the meaning of physical activities in the time of pregnancy and also that 43% of pregnant women are using walking as a form of their sports activity.

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni pregledi, preiskave in različni testi, ki se opravijo v nosečnosti. Navedene so definicije predporodnega varstva ter podrobneje opisani pregledi in preiskave skozi posamezna trimesečja nosečnosti. Prav tako nas seznanja z nalogami in vlogo medicinske sestre pri pregledih nosečnice, ki nikakor ni zanemarljiva. Pri obiskih nosečnic v Dispanzerju za žene se ravno medicinska sestra največkrat pojavi v vlogi svetovalke in zaupnice nosečnic. Poudarjena je tudi vloga partnerja pri pregledih noseče partnerice, saj zadnje čase ne velja več stereotip, da so to ženske zadeve in da mora biti nosečnica na pregledu sama. Dotaknili smo se tudi vpliva vseh pregledov in preiskav na psihično stanje nosečnice. Ob množici vseh preiskav, ki jih je danes mogoče opraviti v nosečnosti, z namenom, da se staršem dokaže oz. zagotovi, da pričakujejo zdravega otroka, pa se vprašamo, kakšne posledice le-te pustijo na nosečnici. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika smo ugotovili, da nosečnice nimajo dovolj znanja in niso informirane glede pregledov in da partnerji nosečnic v več kot 60 % prisostvujejo pri pregledih. Raziskavo smo izvedli v ambulantah Dispanzerja za žene, Bolnišnice za ženske bolezni in porodništvo Postojna, in sicer med 50-imi nosečnicami, ki so ambulanto obiskale v decembru 2008. In this diploma paper are presented examinations and diferent tests wich are being ran through the pregnancy. The definitions of prenatal care are specified and the examinations, test through all the pregnancy are more in details described. The diploma paper is also informing us with duties and the role of the nurse at the examinations of a pregnant woman. Because at the booking visits just the nurse sets in as a consultant and a confidant of a pragnant woman. The role of the womans' partner is also emphasised because lately the stereotype that examinations in pregnancy are womens things and that the pregnant woman is at the examinations alone does not hold any more. We also point out the impact of examinatons and test on the pregnant woman's mental state. Namely, at the pressure of all examinations, which is possible to do them today's time just to prove and to ensure the parents that their baby is fine, we are wondering what kind of concequences they leave on the pregnant woman's state of mind. With the help of the questionair we came to the conclusion that the pregnant women don't have enough knowledge and that they aren't informed sufficiently about the examinations . We also ascertained that the partners in more than 60 % are participating the examinations. The research took place at the dispensary of prenatal care in Bolnišnica za ženske bolezni in porodništvo Postojna and was made on a pattern of 50 pregnant women in december 2008.