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Mesoporous M-CeO2 (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cu) catalysts were prepared using the hard-template method and applied to investigate CO2 reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The physicochemical properties were studied using H2-TPR, XRD, BET, CO2-TPD, and H2-TPD. Results show that the specific surface areas of the prepared Ni-CeO2, Co-CeO2, Fe-CeO2, Mn-CeO2, and Cu-CeO2 catalysts exceed 120 m2/g. CO2 RWGS reaction performances are affected by the d-orbital holes of transition metals. CO2 RWGS reaction catalytic activities are ranked as follows: Ni-CeO2 > Cu-CeO2 > Co-CeO2 > Fe-CeO2 ≈ Mn-CeO2. The Cu-CeO2, Fe-CeO2, and Mn-CeO2 catalysts maintain 100 % CO selectivity at the studied temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, H2O-Al2O3/O3-Al2O3 insulating bilayers were grown on GaN by atomic-layer deposition (ALD) technique using H2O vapor and O3 as oxidants. The electrical and material properties show that the H2O-Al2O3/O3-Al2O3 stack structure appeared to be an appropriate dielectric for GaN MOS devices that had low leakage current densities, high breakdown voltages, and good capacitance-voltage ( C-V) curves. The H2O-Al2O3 interlayer between the O3-Al2O3 and GaN efficiently prevented the GaN surface from oxidizing by ozone oxidant by its strong oxidizing power. By taking photo-assisted C-V measurements, it was found that the deep interface state densities at the Al2O3/GaN interface reduced, while increasing the thicknesses of the H2O-Al2O3 interlayer restricted the 'Vth shift' phenomenon and improved the stability and reliability of the GaN MOS devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous Co/KIT-6 and Co/SiO2catalysts were prepared via hydrogen reduction and were subsequently used in CO2catalytic hydrogenation to produce methane. The properties of the prepared Co/KIT-6 catalyst were investigated by low-angle X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the synthesized Co/KIT-6 catalyst has mesoporous structures with well-dispersed Co species, as well as higher CO2catalytic hydrogenation activities than that of the Co/SiO2catalyst. The Co/KIT-6 catalyst has a large specific surface area (368.9 m2 · g−1) and a highly ordered bicontinuous mesoporous structure. This catalyst exhibits excellent CO2catalytic hydrogenation activity and methane product selectivity; the CO2conversion and methane selectivity of the Co/KIT-6 catalyst at 280°C are 48.9% and 100%, respectively. The highly ordered, bicontinuous mesoporous structure of the Co/KIT-6 catalyst improves selectivity for the methane product. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] Doping of tetravalent cations into CeO2 improves the O2 evolution activity. [•] Doping of tetravalent cations into CeO2 improves the CO production. [•] The estimated activation energies for the reduction step was calculated. [•] The kinetic models for CO generation reaction was given. [•] One step thermochemical CO2 splitting reaction was discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The catalytic properties of Ni, Co, and Co-Ni supported activated carbon (AC) catalysts for oxidation for the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) in H2-rich gas are investigated. Results show that Co x O y /AC and CoO–NiO/AC exhibit higher catalytic activity than NiO/AC and that CoO–NiO/AC gives high CO conversion of above 99.5% at a wide reaction temperature region of 413–463K. The addition of nickel oxide (NiO) can lead to enriched CoO species on the surface of CoO-NiO/AC. The higher catalytic activity and selectivity of CoO-NiO/AC compared with Co x O y /AC can be attributed to NiO playing an important role. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this letter, a normally-off GaN recessed-gate MOSFET is demonstrated using a nonplasma gate recess technique, in which the access region with AlGaN/GaN heterostructure was selectively grown on a semi-insulating GaN/Si template to naturally form a recessed gate. The normally-off recessed-gate Al2O3/GaN MOSFET presents a high threshold voltage of 3.5 V and a maximum drain current density of 550 mA/mm (at a positive gate bias of 12 V). A maximum field-effect mobility of 170 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a large on/off current ratio of more than 107 was obtained, which indicates the high quality of the Al2O3/GaN interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] La x A1−x Fe y B1−y O3 were used in thermochemical CO2 splitting reaction. [•] Large amount of O2 and CO were produced at 1300°C. [•] Kinetic analysis for the O2 evolution and CO generation reaction was given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-CeO2 catalysts with different shapes were synthesized at different hydrothermal temperatures. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nano-CeO2 catalysts were characterized using XRD, TEM, XPS, O2-TPD, and H2-TPR. The catalytic properties of the prepared nano-CeO2 catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of ethanol in air were also investigated. The synthesized nano-CeO2 catalysts display similar cubic fluorite structures and different crystallinities. The CeO2 nanorods are synthesized at a hydrothermal crystallization temperature of 80-120 °C and that CeO2 with a mixed structure of nanorods and nanocubes is synthesized at 140 °C. The CeO2 nanorod and nanocube catalysts exhibit different reduction behaviors toward H2 and that the CeO2 nanorod catalyst performs better than the CeO2 nanocube catalyst in low-temperature reduction. The results of ethanol catalytic oxidation show that the prepared CeO2 nanorod and nanocube catalysts yield oxidation and dehydration products (including ethylene, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, CO2, and trace acetic ether). The CeO2 nanorod catalyst synthesized at 100 °C exhibits a high ethanol oxidation conversion exceeding 99.2% at 170 °C and a CO2 selectivity exceeding 99.5% at 210 °C. However, the ethanol oxidation conversion of this catalyst can reach 95.4% until 235 °C, and its CO2 selectivity is only 91.83% at 270 °C. The research work is of great significance for the controllable synthesis of nano-oxide materials and the removal of OVOCs from air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni-HT, Ni-ST, Ni-PC, and Ni-CA catalysts were synthesized using hard-template, soft-template, co-precipitation, and complex methods, respectively, characterized by XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR, and H 2 -TPD technology. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation performance of the prepared Ni catalysts was evaluated by using ethyl acetate as the model compound. The prepared Ni catalyst activities are in the following order: Ni-HT > Ni-ST > Ni-PC > Ni-CA. Ni-HT and Ni-ST catalysts have developed pore structure; they show large specific surface area of 90.2 and 45.4 m 2 /g, respectively. The active phase of the catalyst is well dispersed, the active sites are widely distributed, thereby promoting the effective activation for reactant molecules. Ethyl acetate can be completely converted over Ni-HT and Ni-ST catalysts at 300 °C and 320 °C, respectively, and the ethane selectivity reaches 97.8% and 97.2%. Ni-PC and Ni-CA catalysts are mainly composed of dense particles, and have low specific surface areas of 11.2 and 2.4 m 2 /g, respectively. The crystallinity of the active phase is poor, the activation ability for the hydrogen molecule is obviously weaker than that of Ni-HT and Ni-ST catalysts. Ethyl acetate can be completely converted with the activity of Ni-PC and Ni-CA catalysts at 360 °C and 380 °C, and the ethane selectivity reached 96.7% and 93.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoCe catalysts can be prepared by glucose-assisted method. • Glucose can promote oxygen vacancies and active Co0 species to be formed. • The interactions between Co and Ce species can be affected by Co/Ce mole ratio. • The electronic effect between Co and CeO 2 can be effectively enhanced by glucose. In this paper, the CoCe catalysts, which were prepared using a glucose-assisted in-situ reduction method, used to the CO 2 /CH 4 dry reforming (DRM). The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were investigated by H 2 -TPR, XRD, BET, Quasi in-situ XPS and CO 2 -TPD. The findings revealed that the metal Co was the primary active species in the DRM reaction. The good interaction between Ce and Co species can effectively promote the precursors to be reduced to form the active Co0 species and oxygen vacancies, which can also effectively inhibit the Co0 species to be sintered. The metal Co crystallinity and crystal size, active Co0 centers and oxygen vacancies can be successfully constructed by the glucose-assisted method. With the introduction of the glucose promoter, the crystal size of the corresponding catalyst metal Co decreased from 23.21 nm to 18.67 nm, the active Co0 species content on the catalyst surface increased from 41.3 % to 45.7 %, and the adsorbed oxygen content on the surface increased from 20.0 % to 23.0 %. Besides, the glucose promoter can affect the electronic effects of Co-Ce species to promote the DRM reaction. The CoCe3-G catalyst with a Co/Ce mole ratio of 3.0 exhibited the best reforming catalytic performances, and the CH 4 and CO 2 conversion was 87.2 % and 54.0 % at atmospheric pressure and 700 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the CoCe3-G catalyst exhibited excellent reforming catalytic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, KIT-6 silica with well-ordered 3-D mesoporosity was developed as support to prepare Fe/KIT-6, Mo/KIT-6, and MoFe-x/KIT-6 (x = 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35) oxide catalysts for catalytic conversion of gas-glycerol into allyl alcohol. The catalysts were also characterized by XRD, BET, XPS, H-TPR, and NH-TPD. The catalytic conversion of glycerol showed a positive correlation with the surface moderate acid density of catalysts, following the order of Fe/KIT-6 < MoFe0.25/KIT-6 < MoFe0.35/KIT-6 < MoFe0.3/KIT-6 < Mo/KIT-6. Differently, the production of allyl alcohol was closely related with the moderate redox sites following a hydrogen transfer mechanism. The MoFe-x/KIT-6 showed much higher selectivity than the Fe/KIT-6 and Mo/KIT-6, which resulted from the strong synergistic effect between FeO and MoO altering the surface moderate acid strength, surface acid amounts, and reducibility of catalysts. The MoFe-0.3/KIT-6 exhibited a remarkable yield of 26.8% of allyl alcohol at 94.0% conversion of glycerol without external hydrogen donors supplied to the system, which benefits from the good balance between moderate acidity and weak reducibility of catalysts. The developed cubic Ia3d meso-structure was also benefit for improving the catalytic stability of MoFe0.3/KIT-6. Graphical Abstract: Allyl alcohol can produce from gas-solid catalytic conversion of glycerol over the weekly acidic FeO and MoO supported on SiO. The yield of allyl alcohol can be significantly improved over the MoO-FeO/SiO composite oxide catalysts, because of the strong interaction between MoO and FeO. The catalytic conversion of glycerol was positively related with the surface weak acid site density of catalysts, while the allyl alcohol seems to form over the redox sites. Comparing with the single component FeO/SiOand MoO/SiO catalysts, the strong synergistic effect of MoO with FeO guarantee the MoO-FeO/SiO having relatively high surface week acid site density and certain reducibility, which showed a good balance between weak acidity and reducibility thus obviously increasing the allyl alcohol yield from 26.8 to 94% catalytic conversion of glycerol through gas-solid catalytic reaction without any additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste biomass is used as raw material to prepare activated carbons for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption elimination, which is an effective way to solve the waste biomass resource utilization and air pollution problems. Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches activated carbons with rich micropore structures were prepared by adopting H 3 PO 4 low-temperature hydrothermal pretreatment activation method. The prepared activated carbons were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The toluene adsorption/desorption performances and reusability were also tested to evaluate the application value of the prepared activated carbons. The toluene adsorption capacity increased with the rising of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature. When hydrothermal pretreatment temperature increased from 100 °C to 180 °C, the specific surface area of the prepared activated carbons increased from 956.0 to 1290.9 m2/g. And the micropore ratio of the prepared activated carbons markedly increased from 30.55 % to 63.35 %. Interestingly, the linear fitting results of toluene adsorption capacity and pore structures showed that the micropore volume and toluene adsorption capacity had maximum correlation. The micropore volume increased from 0.40 to 0.56 cm3/g, and the toluene adsorption capacity increased from 309.80 to 532.89 mg/g with the increase of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature. Toluene adsorption results were fitted by quasi-first, quasi-second, and Bangham models to analyze the toluene diffusion mechanism. The toluene adsorption process of all studied samples conformed to the Bangham kinetic model, which indicated that the diffusion mechanism of toluene adsorption process mainly followed intra-particle diffusion. Besides, the toluene adsorption capacity of the prepared biomass activated carbons could be regenerated at relatively low thermal desorption temperature (≤150 °C). [Display omitted] • The activated carbon pore structures are obviously affected by the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature. • H 3 PO 4 hydrothermal pretreatment activation can prepare activated carbons with high micropore ratio. • Toluene adsorption capacity of the biomass activated carbons could be regenerated at low temperature. • The toluene adsorption process mainly was intra-particle diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Porous CoCex catalyst can be prepared by hydrothermal assisted soft template method. • Co0 species are the active centers for CH 4 /CO 2 dry reforming. • Ce species can produce strong electronic effects with Co species. • Oxygen vacancies can promote the oxidative elimination of carbon deposition. The CoCex composite catalysts prepared by hydrothermal assisted template agent CTAB, have superior catalytic performances for CH 4 /CO 2 dry reforming (DRM). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated in depth with the help of XRD, H 2 -TPR, CO 2 -TPD, ICP, Quasi in-situ XPS and N 2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The transition metal Co is the main active center in the DRM reaction, which can easily release the outer electrons in the reaction to activate the reactant molecules. The introduction of Ce species can promote the highly dispersed metal Co species and catalytic active centers to be formed, as well as the adsorption and activation of CO 2 molecules by the catalyst. Ce species can produce strong electronic effects with Co species, which can promote the electron-deficient CeO 2-δ and electron-rich Coδ- species to be formed. The formation of CeO 2-δ species facilitates the adsorption and activation of CO 2 molecules, and the active oxygen species on the CeO 2-δ surface facilitates the oxidative activation for CH 4 molecules. The CH 4 and CO 2 reactant molecules can be adsorbed and activated by the formed Coδ- species to form CH 4-x (x = 0–4) and CO 2 δ- reactive species, which can promote the DRM reaction. The Co/Ce molar ratio has an important effect on the physicochemical properties and CO 2 adsorption performance of CoCex catalysts. And the CoCe2 catalyst prepared at a 2.0 Co/Ce molar ratio exhibited superior catalytic performance and high stability for the DRM reaction. The CH 4 and CO 2 conversion of the CoCe2 catalyst reached 88.6%, and 52.1% at 700 °C, respectively. In addition, the CoCe2 catalyst can maintain high cycle stability for CH 4 /CO 2 dry reforming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of abundant but inert CO 2 into valued chemicals has attracted great interests. Although various cheap Ni-Co bimetallic catalysts demonstrating distinguished activity have been explored as alternatives of noble metal catalysts, the real interaction between Ni and Co in Ni-Co catalysts require to be disclosed, further promoting to design more active Ni-Co catalysts. Herein, a couple of unsupported Ni/Co catalysts were prepared by a simple sol-gel method. According to XRD, XPS and HRTEM tests, the Ni-Co composite catalysts (Ni 1 Co 2 -C and Ni 3 Co 2 -C) comprised Ni-Co alloy, derived from spinel Ni x Co y O, while the Ni 1 -Co 2 -M catalyst (Ni and Co mixture, physical mixing ahead of H 2 reduction) didn't contain it. The subsequent activity evaluation for CO 2 hydrogenation uncovered a profound synergistic effect between Ni and Co in Ni-Co alloy from composite catalysts, which played a significantly effect on their CO 2 hydrogenation activity, CH 4 selectivity, and stability. • The formation of spinel Ni x Co y O is readily reduced by H 2 to afford Ni-Co alloy. • Synergistic effect between Ni and Co in Ni-Co composite catalysts is disclosed. • The Ni-Co alloy accounts for the high performance of Ni-Co composite catalysts. • Ni-Co composite catalysts represents a potential catalyst for CO 2 methanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injuries caused by cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) can worsen neurological outcomes, Biliverdin (BV) is an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that was shown to affect CIR, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of BV and its potential underlying mechanism in CIR injury. CIR rat models and primary cortical neurons were established and treated with and without BV. Additionally, adenovirus vectors that could overexpress LncRNA H19 and overexpress or knock-down miR-181b-5p and Esm1 were created to investigate their regulation of molecular expression. Our findings showed that BV could significantly improve CIR injury, both in vivo and in vitro, decrease LncRNA H19 and Esm1 expression, and increase miR-181b-5p expression. Overexpression of LncRNA H19 inhibited the anti-injury effects of BV. Further, the down-regulation of miR-181b-5p or up-regulation of Esm1 expression weakened the in vitro protective effect of BV. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay further confirmed that LncRNA H19 could sponge miR-181b-5p, and Esm1 was the target of miR-181b-5p. Rescue experiments confirmed that BV could regulate the LncRNA H19/miR-181b-5p/Esm1 molecular axis. Lastly, proteomic and bioinformatic analyzes revealed that Esm1 upregulation in BV-treated neurons resulted in the differential expression of 16 proteins, including 9 upregulated and 7 downregulated proteins. In conclusion, this study found that BV could ameliorate CIR injury by regulating the LncRNA H19/miR-181b-5p/Esm1 axis. [Display omitted] • Biliverdin could alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury both in vivo (MCAO/R model of Rats) and in vitro (OGD/R model of primary cortical neurons). • Biliverdin alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating the LncRNA H19/ miR-181b-5p /Esm1 axis. • Upregulation of Esm1 results in differential expression of some functional proteins in OGD/R induced neurons treated with biliverdin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of AlN/GaN superlattices (SL) buffer on the characteristics of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si (1 1 1) template was studied in detail. There existed an optimized Relative AlN Thickness (RAT) in the superlattices buffer which can not only further filtering the edge- and screw-type dislocations to the upper epilayer and lead to a good crystal quality with narrowest (0 0 0 2) and (1 0 −1 2) full width of half maximum (FWHMs), 439″ and 843″, but also improve the surface roughness to enhance the Two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility and superior electrical properties were achieved. Moreover, an optimized RAT in SL can induce a proper compressive stress to the subsequently grown GaN epilayer and protect it from crack during the cooling step, which can also lead to a better wafer bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous Co-based spinel composite oxides containing different transition metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Ce) were prepared by soft-template method for ethanol complete oxidation in air. The physicochemical properties of the prepared oxides were characterized by XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR, and O 2 -TPD. The results indicate that the transition metal ions can be dissolved into the Co 3 O 4 lattice to form Co-based spinel oxide, which promote surface reactive oxygen species to be formed on the corresponding catalyst. The prepared Co-based spinel oxides have developed pore structure, and the specific surface area is larger than 80 m2·g−1, even up to 132 m2·g−1. The porous structure and high specific surface area can be traced back to the used soft-template reagent, and the pore size distribution and specific surface area can also be affected by the used transition metals. The synergistic effect from porous structure and surface reactive oxygen species can effectively promote ethanol oxidation to final product CO 2. The porous Co-based spinel oxide containing Ce exhibits superior ethanol catalytic oxidation activity and high stability, the ethanol catalytic oxidation conversion and oxidation final product CO 2 selectivity reached 99.7% and 99.1% at 200 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the porous Co-based spinel oxide catalyst has potential application value in ethanol oxidation elimination from air. • Porous Co-based spinel oxide can be synthesized by soft-template method. • The physicochemical properties of Co-based spinel oxide can be effected by transition metal. • Porous Co-based spinel oxide has high ethanol complete oxidation activity at low temperature. • Catalytic activity is related to the pore structure and surface reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of aliphatic-chain-appended linear π-conjugated water-soluble cationic fluorophore axle guests with electronic acceptor–donor–acceptor properties have been synthesized. Analysis of cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7])-based host–guest interactions suggests that a dynamic sequence tunable [2]pseudorotaxane to [4]pseudorotaxane transition accompanied by a distinct smart enhancement of the fluorescence signal is elicited in aqueous solution, in which the length of the appended aliphatic-chain play crucial roles in the sequence controlling of the supramolecular assemblies. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic cavity and carbonyl-fringed portals of the Q[7] hosts are seemingly beneficial for switching of the fluorescence emissions of the guests by different binding fashions. This study thus provides new insight for the construction of pseudorotaxanes and fluorescent materials. A dynamic sequence tunable [2]pseudorotaxane to [4]pseudorotaxane transition accompanied by a distinct fluorescence signal is elicited in aqueous solution, in which the length of the appended aliphatic-chain play crucial roles in the sequence controlling of the supramolecular assemblies. Image 1 • A series of aliphatic-chain-appended linear π-conjugated water-soluble cationic fluorophore axle guests with electronic acceptor–donor–acceptor properties have been synthesized. • Host-guest complexes between Q[7] macrocycle and guest with varying alkyl chain lengths leading to different pseudorotaxane assemblies. • The pseudorotaxane assemblies of Q[7] with the guests can be monitored by the fluorescence emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO 2 molecules can be effectively hydrogenated to CH 4 molecules and/or CO molecules on the prepared bimodal mesoporous CeO 2-δ and CeCo composite catalysts with the large specific area. There are synergistic effect from ordered bimodal mesoporous structure, surface oxygen vacancies, and metal Co species, which can effectively promote CO 2 hydrogenation reaction. The surface oxygen vacancies and the metal Co species are the main active species to catalyze the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction. The obtained bimodal mesoporous structure is closely related to the diffusion and migration of the reactant and product molecules, which in turn affect the CO 2 catalytic hydrogenation performances over the CeCo composite catalysts. When the reaction temperature is 400 °C, the CO 2 reaction rate and CH 4 selectivity over CeCo05 composite catalyst with Ce/Co molar ratio of 0.5 can reach 4.10 × 10−5 mol/g cat /s and 93.3%, respectively, which is due to its well-ordered bimodal mesoporous structure, the formed a large amount of surface oxygen vacancies and metal Co active species. • The CeCo composite catalysts possess ordered bimodal mesoporous structure. • The Co0 species and oxygen vacancies are active centers in CO 2 hydrogenation. • There is synergistic effect among bimodal mesopore, oxygen vacancies, and Co0 species. • Surface enriched Ce species favor to form oxygen vacancy and protect Co0 species. The CeO 2-δ and CeCo composite catalysts with different Ce/Co mole ratio were prepared by hard-template method for CO 2 catalytic hydrogenation. The physical and chemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by H 2 -TPR, XRD, BET, TEM, ICP, and in-situ XPS. The characterization results indicated that the Co ions can be dissolved into the CeO 2 lattice to form Ce-O-Co solid solution, which promotes the reduction of corresponding precursor to form Co active species, surface oxygen vacancies, and the Ce3+-□-Co0 structure. The pore structure of the CeCo composite catalysts can be affected by the Ce/Co mole ratio, and the bimodal mesoporous structure can be obtained at relative high Ce/Co mole ratio. The synergistic effect from ordered bimodal mesoporous structure, surface oxygen vacancies, and metallic Co active species can effectively promote CO 2 hydrogenation reaction. The CeCo05 composite catalyst with Ce/Co mole ratio of 0.5 exhibited superior CO 2 hydrogenation catalytic activity and high stability, the CO 2 catalytic hydrogenation reaction rate and CH 4 selectivity reached 4.10 × 10−5 mol/g cat /s and 93.3% at 400 °C, respectively. This work indicated that the CeCo composite catalyst is a promising candidate for CO 2 hydrogenation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the MnO x catalysts with excellent toluene oxidation performance were prepared by a simple precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the prepared MnO x catalysts were investigated by XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR, O 2 -TPD and XPS. The obtained results revealed that the crystallinity of the prepared MnO x catalysts could be effectively regulated by changing the (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 /Mn(NO 3 ) 2 molar ratio, and thus affecting the oxygen vacancy concentration of the prepared MnO x catalysts. The prepared MnO x -4 catalyst with the (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 /Mn(NO 3 ) 2 molar ratio of 4.0 had the poor crystallinity and small grain size, which effectively promoted the oxygen defects in the MnO x catalyst to be formed. At the same time, the MnO x -4 catalyst had a large specific surface area, the highest low temperature reducibility and the largest number of oxygen vacancies and surface adsorbed oxygen species, which allowed more surface oxygen species to participate in the redox reaction, and promoted the toluene deep oxidation. Therefore, when the (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 /Mn(NO 3 ) 2 molar ratio was 4.0, the prepared MnO x -4 catalyst exhibited an excellent toluene catalytic oxidation performance and robust catalytic stability. What's more, the toluene oxidation conversion on the MnO x -4 catalyst reached 99% at 230°C, and the MnO x -4 catalyst showed excellent resistance to water vapour.

Biliverdin, a heme metabolite, has been previously reported to alleviate cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the alterations of brain proteome profiles underlying this treatment remain elusive. The objective of this study is to analyze the differential protein expression profile in cerebral cortex of rats involved in anti-CIRI effects of Biliverdin, providing experimental foundation for searching specific marker proteins. Rat model of MCAO/R was established, HE staining, TTC staining, TUNEL staining, and neurological behavioral examination, corner turning test, adhesive removal test, were performed to validate the effects of Biliverdin, and the results indicated that Biliverdin plays a significant role in alleviating CIRI. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of brain tissues of rats subjected to CIRI following Biliverdin treatment was performed using an integrated TMT-based quantitative proteomic approach coupled with LC-MS/MS technology to clarify the comprehensive mechanisms of Biliverdin in CIRI. First, we conducted strict quality control data for TMT experiments. Finally, a total of 7366 proteins were identified, of which 95 proteins were differentially expressed (DEPs) between the CIRI group and the Sham group and 52 between the CIRI and BV groups. In addition, two overlapping proteins among the 147 DEPs, Atg4c and Camlg, were validated by RT-qPCR and western blotting, and their levels were consistent with the results of TMT analysis. Taken together, the current findings firstly mapped comprehensive proteomic changes after CIRI treated with Biliverdin, providing a foundation for developing potentially therapeutic targets of anti-CIRI of Biliverdin and clinically prognostic biomarkers of stroke., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches were used to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore ratio by H 3 PO 4 staged activation method with adding KNO 3 additive. The prepared activated carbon adsorbents were characterized by SEM, BET, FT-IR, and XRD. The adsorption properties of the prepared activated carbon adsorbents were evaluated by the toluene adsorption/desorption in air. The quasi-first-order, quasi-second-order, and Bangham models were used to fit the obtained toluene adsorption results. The oxidative etching of KNO 3 additive improved the pore-forming ability of the H 3 PO 4 activator to enhance the activation pore-forming effects of the selected biomass raw material. The secondary pore-forming effects of K atoms promoted the effective expansion of the pore diameter in the activated carbon preparation process to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore proportion. The specific surface area and mesopore proportion of the activated carbon adsorbents prepared by adding KNO 3 additive exceeded 1100 m 2 /g and 71.00%, respectively, and the toluene adsorption capacity exceeded 370.00 mg/g. The rich mesopore structures can effectively reduce the toluene mass transfer resistance, which can promote the corresponding activated carbon adsorbent to be regenerated by low-temperature (40 °C) thermal desorption. The toluene adsorption on the prepared activated carbon adsorbents includes surface adsorption and diffusion in pore structures, and the toluene adsorption mechanism is more consistent with the Bangham kinetic model., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to examine whether Biliverdin, which is a common metabolite of haem, can alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting pyroptosis. Here, CIRI was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) in C57BL/6 J mice and modelled by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in HT22 cells, it was treated with or without Biliverdin. The spatiotemporal expression of GSDMD-N and infarction volumes were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), respectively. The NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, which is central to the pyroptosis process, as well as the expression of Nrf2, A20, and eEF1A2 were determined by Western-blots. Nrf2, A20, and eEF1A2 interactions were verified using dual-luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, or co-immunoprecipitation. Additionally, the role of Nrf2/A20/eEF1A2 axis in modulating the neuroprotective properties of Biliverdin was investigated using A20 or eEF1A2 gene interference (overexpression and/or silencing). 40 mg/kg of Biliverdin could significantly alleviate CIRI both in vivo and in vitro, promoted the activation of Nrf2, elevated A20 expression, but decreased eEF1A2 expression. Nrf2 can bind to the promoter of A20, thereby transcriptionally regulating the expression of A20. A20 can furthermore interacted with eEF1A2 through its ZnF4 domain to ubiquitinate and degrade it, leading to the downregulation of eEF1A2. Our studies have also demonstrated that either the knock-down of A20 or over-expression of eEF1A2 blunted the protective effect of Biliverdin. Rescue experiments further confirmed that Biliverdin could regulate the NF-κB pathway via the Nrf2/A20/eEF1A2 axis. In summary, our study demonstrates that Biliverdin ameliorates CIRI by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via the Nrf2/A20/eEF1A2 axis. Our findings can help identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CIRI., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Activated carbon adsorbents were prepared by chemical activation with waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches as raw materials and H 3 PO 4 /H 2 SO 4 as composite activator under different dosages of the auxiliary activator H 2 SO 4 . The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption/desorption performances of low concentration toluene in the air were evaluated, and its reusability was evaluated by the adsorption/desorption cycle. Adsorption results were fitted using the quasi-first, quasi-second, and Bangham models. The adsorption properties of activated carbon adsorbent for toluene in the air show a "volcanic-type change trend" with the increase of H 2 SO 4 dosage. The toluene adsorption properties of the prepared activated carbon adsorbents from high to low are as follows: BAC02 > BAC05 > BAC01 > BAC10 > BAC00. When the mass fraction of auxiliary activator H 2 SO 4 was 2.0%, the adsorption amount of toluene on the prepared BAC02 activated carbon adsorbent increased by 51%, reaching 511 mg/g. After thermal desorption at 200℃, the adsorption performance of toluene was regenerated. The adsorption process of toluene conforms to the quasi-first-order model and Bangham model. The whole adsorption process can be divided into three stages: outer surface adsorption, intra-channel diffusion, and adsorption equilibrium. The addition amount of H 2 SO 4 significantly affected the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the prepared activated carbon adsorbent., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 frequently have a highly infectious nature and are considered effective natural delivery systems exhibiting high efficiency and specificity. Since simultaneously enhancing the activity and selectivity of lipopeptides is a seemingly unsolvable problem for conventional chemistry and pharmaceutical approaches, we present a biomimetic strategy to construct lipopeptide-based mimics of viral architectures and infections to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy while avoiding side effects. Herein, a surface-nanoengineered antimicrobial liposome (SNAL) is developed with the morphological features of enveloped viruses, including a moderate size range, lipid-based membrane structure, and highly lipopeptide-enriched bilayer surface. The SNAL possesses virus-like infection to bacterial cells, which can mediate high-efficiency and high-selectivity bacteria binding, rapidly attack and invade bacteria via plasma membrane fusion pathway, and induce a local "burst" release of lipopeptide to produce irreversible damage of cell membrane. Remarkably, viral mimics are effective against multiple pathogens with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (1.6-6.3 μg mL -1 ), high bactericidal efficiency of >99% within 2 h, >10-fold enhanced selectivity over free lipopeptide, 99.8% reduction in skin MRSA load after a single treatment, and negligible toxicity. This bioinspired design has significant potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of lipopeptides and may create new opportunities for designing next-generation antimicrobials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)

CO 2 hydrogenation for syngas can alleviate the pressure of un-controlled emissions of CO 2 and bring enormous economic benefits. Advantageous Ni-catalysts have good CO 2 hydrogenation activity and high CO selectivity merely over 700 °C. Herein, we introduced Cu into Ni catalysts, which were evaluated by H 2 -TPR, XRD, BET, in-situ XPS and CO 2 -TPD, and their CO 2 hydrogenation activity and CO selectivity were significantly affected by the Ni/Cu ratios, which was rationalized by the synergistic effect of bimetallic catalysts. In addition, the reduction temperatures of studied catalysts apparently affected the CO 2 hydrogenation, which were caused by the number and dispersion of the active species. It's found that the Ni 1 Cu 1 -400 had good stability, high CO selectivity (up to 90%), and fast formation rate (1.81×10 -5  mol/g cat /s) at 400 °C, which demonstrated a good potential as a superior catalyst for reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Currently, the key challenge in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is how to efficiently enhance the surface charge density. Here, a new strategy is proposed to increase the surface charge density by comprehensively utilizing solar energy and tidal energy, and a bioinspired photoelectric-electromechanical integrated TENG (Pem-iTENG) is developed. This enhancement of output performance is greatly attributed to the accumulation of photoelectrons from photocatalysis and the triboelectric negative charges from contact electrification. Pem-iTENG shows a maximal open-circuit voltage of 124.2 V and a maximal short-circuit current density of 221.6 μA cm -2 under tidal wave and sunlight, an improvement by nearly a factor of 10 over that of reported TENGs based on solid-liquid contact electrification. More importantly, it exhibits a high energy conversion efficiency according to the evaluation method for solar cells. This work provides insights into development of high-performance TENGs by using different natural energy sources.

Activated carbon adsorption has been considered the most efficient technology toward VOC removal. The waste biomass as alternates solved the problems of high price and nonrenewable of traditional raw materials. The waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches were firstly selected as raw materials to prepare activated carbons. Interestingly, the pore structure and surface chemistry can be successfully controlled by adjusting the heating rate. The hierarchical porous carbons exhibited great potential for toluene adsorption. The micro-mesopore structure possessed unique spatial effect; micropores played a dominant role in adsorption process, especially narrow micropores (pore size ≤ 1.0 nm) emerged stronger adsorptive force toward toluene molecules due to overlapping attractive forces from neighboring pore walls. And mesopores not only displayed excellent transport diffusion but also provided adsorption sites. Additionally, the high graphitization degree enhanced the interaction between graphene layer equipped electron-rich regions and π-electrons on the aromatic ring by the π-π conjugated effect. The hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups served as chemisorption sites and led to higher adsorption amounts. Fortunately, the regeneration can be achieved by thermal treatment at the low temperature (≤ 150 °C) or even gas purging at room temperature (20 °C), which avoided an explosion accident in the process of high-temperature regeneration.

A water-soluble terpyridine-based cationic fluorescent probe (SP-TPy) was synthesized, which emerged with pH-dependent amphiphilicity, resulting in self-assembly and disassembly in aqueous media with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property. In neutral water (pH 7.4), a moderate sensing response to Hg 2+ ions was given by the self-assembly of SP-TPy. However, in acidic aqueous media, the monomer of SP-TPy not only appeared to be highly selective and sensitive for Hg 2+ ions, but also displayed highly efficient removal of Hg 2+ ions from solution by rapid precipitation, which was attributed to the coordination-triggered reassembly of SP-TPy. The removal efficiency of SP-TPy for Hg 2+ was found to be over 99%. Further study indicated that the precipitates were composed of various polyhedral porous frameworks, a property that was further used to adsorb H 2 S gas to form HgS complexes with higher uptake capacities. In addition, SP-TPy can be efficiently regenerated and recycled using a simple treatment with acidic water after adsorption of the H 2 S gas., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

CeCu solid solution oxide catalysts were prepared by the complex method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And its activity in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water was investigated. The results showed that the Cu 2+ ions dissolved into the CeO 2 lattice to form CeCu solid solution oxide with a coarse, interconnected, porous, and cotton-like morphology. The metal-oxygen bonds were weakened by the formation of solid solution in the CeCu oxide catalyst. This weakening facilitated the activation and decomposition of the H 2 O 2 to form highly oxidative HO· species that can lead to significant chlorophenol mineralization. The formation of CeCu solid solution oxide can effectively inhibit the Cu ions to be leached from the used CeCu oxide catalysts, which can ensure the CeCu oxide catalysts to adapt to a wide pH range of 2.1-7.9 and exhibit good reusability. CWPO reaction of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP molecules on CeCu oxide catalysts conforms to the first-order kinetic equation: y = 6959.3x - 17.2 and y = 9725x - 25.4, respectively. And the reaction activation energies are 57.8 and 80.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The TOC removals of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP can exceed 88 and 82%, and the dechlorination rates of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP are higher than 95 and 99.5%, respectively.