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101. Use of DBS sample collection to determine circulating drug concentrations in clinical trials : practicalities and considerations.

Author

UCL - Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Spooner, Neil, Ramakrishnan, Y, Barfield, M, Dewit, Olivier, Miller, S, UCL - Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de gastro-entérologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/GAEN - Pôle d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Spooner, Neil, Ramakrishnan, Y, Barfield, M, Dewit, Olivier, and Miller, S

Abstract

A clinical investigation was performed into the practicalities of the collection of blood samples for the determination of drug exposures on filter paper, known as dried blood spot (DBS) sampling using a two-period, single-dose, open-label trial conducted in 11 healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of paracetamol. Questionnaires relating to the blood sampling and spotting process and tolerability were completed by staff and volunteers. Paracetamol concentrations in DBS samples obtained by venous cannula (DBS-Can) were compared against those from fingerprick (DBS-FP) and fresh whole blood obtained from a cannula (WB-Can).

Published
2010

103. Assessment of the within- and between-lot variability of Whatman™ FTA®DMPK and 903®DBS papers and their suitability for the quantitative bioanalysis of small molecules

Author

Luckwell, Jacquelynn, primary, Denniff, Philip, additional, Capper, Stephen, additional, Michael, Paul, additional, Spooner, Neil, additional, Mallender, Philip, additional, Johnson, Barry, additional, Clegg, Sarah, additional, Green, Mark, additional, Ahmad, Sheelan, additional, and Woodford, Lynsey, additional

Published
2013
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127. Eliminating Volumetric Haematocrit Bias Associated with DBS Sub-Punch Workflows Using a Novel Microsampling Device which Absorbs a Fixed Volume of Blood.

Author

Rdge, James, Kushon, Stuart, Bischofberger, Allen, Carpenter, Anna, Denniff, Philip, Yibo Guo, Rahn, Peter, Spooner, Neil, Osborne, Sally, Welch, Emmet, Cordova, Cathy, and Layne, Jeff

Subjects
VOLUMETRIC analysis, DRIED blood spot testing, HEMATOCRIT, LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, BLOOD viscosity
Abstract

Dried blood spot (DBS) cards are routinely used as simple, low cost microsampling tools for clinical and preclinical applications. In general, when using a typical DBS workflow, the dried blood sample is sub-punched to generate a disk which is assumed to contain a fixed volume of blood. This sub-punch is then extracted for analysis. The drawback of this approach is that viscosity of the collected blood will influence the extent to which the blood spot spreads across the DBS card. Thus, fixed volumes of blood which have different haematocrit (HCT) levels will generate different sized spots on the DBS card, and the resulting sub-punches will therefore contain different volumes of blood. This can lead to assay bias as a function of blood haematocrit levels. Here we describe a novel microsampling device that eliminates the volumetric assay bias seen with conventional DBS sub-punch sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

128. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

Author

Adams, Corey, Adams, David, Akiri, Tarek, Alion, Tyler, Anderson, Kris, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Mike, Anghel, Ioana, Costa Dos Anjos, João Carlos, Maddalena Antonello, Arrieta-Diaz, Enrique, Artuso, Marina, Asaadi, Jonathan, Bai, Xinhua, Baibussinov, Bagdat, Baird, Michael, Balantekin, Baha, Baller, Bruce, Baptista, Brian, Barker, D. Ann, Barker, Gary, Barletta, William A., Barr, Giles, Bartoszek, Larry, Bashyal, Amit, Bass, Matt, Bellini, Vincenzo, Benetti, Pietro Angelo, Berger, Bruce E., Bergevin, Marc, Berman, Eileen, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bernstein, Adam, Bernstein, Robert, Bhandari, Babu, Bhatnagar, Vipin, Bhuyan, Bipul, Bian, Jianming, Bishai, Mary, Blake, Andrew, Blaszczyk, Flor, Blaufuss, Erik, Bleakley, Bruce, Blucher, Edward, Blusk, Steve, Bocean, Virgil, Boffelli, F., Boissevain, Jan, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Boyd, Steve, Brandt, Andrew, Breedon, Richard, Bromberg, Carl, Brown, Ralph, Brunetti, Giullia, Buchanan, Norman, Bugg, Bill, Busenitz, Jerome, Calligarich, E., Camilleri, Leslie, Carminati, Giada, Carr, Rachel, Castromonte, Cesar, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Chen, Alex, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Kai, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Choudhary, Brajesh Chandra, Duyang, H., Christodoulou, Georgios, Christofferson, Cabot-Ann, Church, Eric, Cline, David, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Coleman, Stephen, Conrad, Janet M., Convery, Mark, Corey, Robert, Corwin, Luke, Cranshaw, Jack, Cronin-Hennessy, Daniel, Curioni, A., Da Motta, Helio, Davenne, Tristan, Davies, Gavin S., Dazeley, Steven, De, Kaushik, Gouvea, Andre, Jong, Jeffrey K., Demuth, David, Densham, Chris, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dolfini, R., Dolph, Jeffrey, Drake, Gary, Dye, Stephen, Dyuang, Hongue, Edmunds, Daniel, Elliott, Steven, Habib, S., Elnimr, Muhammad, Eno, Sarah, Enomoto, Sanshiro, Escobar, Carlos O., Evans, Justin, Falcone, A., Falk, Lisa, Farbin, Amir, Farnese, Christian, Fava, Angela, Felde, John, Fernandes, S., Ferroni, Fernando, Feyzi, Farshid, Fields, Laura, Finch, Alex, Fitton, Mike, Fleming, Bonnie, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Fujikawa, Brian, Gallagher, Hugh, Gandhi, Raj, Garvey, Gerald, Gehman, Victor M., Geronimo, Gianluigi, Gibin, Daniele, Gill, Ronald, Gomes, Ricardo A., Goodman, Maury C., Goon, Jason, Johnson, R., Graf, Nicholas, Graham, Mathew, Gran, Rik, Grant, Christopher, Grant, Nick, Greenlee, Herbert, Greenler, Leland, Grullon, Sean, Guardincerri, Elena, Guarino, Victor, Guarnaccia, Evan, Guedes, Germano, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guzzo, Marcelo M., Habig, Alec T., Hackenburg, Robert W., Hadavand, Haleh, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Martin, Haines, Todd, Handler, Thomas, Hans, Sunej, Hartnell, Jeff, Harton, John, Hatcher, Robert, Hatzikoutelis, Athans, Hays, Steven, Hazen, Eric, Headley, Mike, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Heise, Jaret, Hellauer, Robert, Hewes, V., Himmel, Alexander, Hogan, Matthew, Holanda, Pedro, Holin, Anna, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Howell, Joe, Hurh, Patrick, Huston, Joey, Hylen, James, Imlay, Richard, Insler, Jonathan, Introzzi, G., Isvan, Zeynep, Jackson, Chris, Jacobsen, John, Jaffe, David E., James, Cat, Mann, W. A., Jen, Chun-Min, Johnson, Marvin, Johnson, Scott, Johnston, William, Johnstone, John, Jones, Ben J. P., Jostlein, H., Junk, Thomas, Kadel, Richard, Kaess, Karl, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Kaspar, Jarek, Katori, Teppei, Kayser, Boris, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kemp, Ernesto, Kettell, Steve H., Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koizumi, Gordon, Kopp, Sacha, Kormos, Laura, Kropp, William, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A., Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Jason, Kutter, Thomas, La Zia, Franco, Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Lanni, Francesco, Lanza, Richard, Latorre, Tony, Learned, John, Lee, David, Lee, Kevin, Mercurio, B., Moed Sher, S., Li, Qizhong, Li, Shaorui, Li, Yichen, Li, Zepeng, Libo, Jiang, Linden, Steve, Ling, Jiajie, Link, Jonathan, Littenberg, Laurence, Liu, H., Liu, Qiuguang, Liu, Tiankuan, Losecco, John, Louis, William, Lundberg, Byron, Lundin, Tracy, Lundy, Jay, Machado, Ana Amelia, Maesano, Cara, Magill, Steve, Mahler, George, Malon, David, Malys, Stephen, Mammoliti, Francesco, Mandal, Samit Kumar, Mann, Anthony, Paul Mantsch, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, John, Matsuno, Shiegenobu, Mauger, Christopher, Perdue, G., Rajendran, R., Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mayer, Nate, Mccauley, Neil, Mccluskey, Elaine, Mcdonald, Kirk, Mcfarland, Kevin, Mckee, David, Mckeown, Robert, Mctaggart, Robert, Mehdiyev, Rashid, Mei, Dongming, Rosenfeld, C., Menegolli, A., Meng, Guang, Meng, Yixiong, Mertins, David, Messier, M. D., Metcalf, William, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Geoff, Mishra, Sanjib R., Mokhov, Nikolai, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Moore, Craig, Morfin, Jorge, Morgan, Ben, Morse, William, Moss, Zander, Moura, Célio A., Mufson, Stuart, Muller, David, Musser, Jim, Naples, Donna, Napolitano, Jim, Newcomer, Mitch, Nichol, Ryan, Nicholls, Tim, Niner, Evan, Norris, Barry, Nowak, Jaroslaw, O Keeffe, Helen, Oliveira, Roberto, Olson, Travis, Page, Brian, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Paley, Jon, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Park, Seongtae, Parsa, Zohreh, Partyka, Kinga, Paulos, Bob, Pavlovic, Zarko, Peeters, Simon, Perch, Andy, Perkin, Jon D., Petti, Roberto, Petukhov, Andre, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Plunkett, Robert, Polly, Chris, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Prakash, Arati, Prokofiev, Oleg, Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L., Radeka, Veljko, Rakhno, Igor, Ramachers, Yorck, Rameika, Regina, Ramsey, John, Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G. L., Ratoff, Peter, Ravindra, Shreyas, Rebel, Brian, Wachala, T., Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, Dianne, Rescia, Sergio, Richardson, Martin, Wendell, R., Rielage, Kieth, Riesselmann, Kurt, Robinson, Matt, Rochester, Leon, Ronquest, Michael, Rosen, Marc, Meyhandan, R., Rubbia, Carlo, Rucinski, Russ, Sahijpal, Sandeep, Sahoo, Himansu, Willis, W., Sala, Paola, Salmiera, Delia, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Wyman, T., Scaramelli, Alberto, Schellman, Heidi, Schmitt, Richard, Schmitz, David, Schneps, Jack, Scholberg, Kate, Segreto, Ettore, Seibert, Stanley, Sexton-Kennedy, Liz, Shaevitz, Mike, Shanahan, Peter, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Simos, Nikolaos, Singh, Venktesh, Sinnis, Gus, Sippach, William, Skwarnicki, Tomasz, Smy, Michael, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Sondericker, John, Sondheim, Walter, Sousa, Alexandre, Spooner, Neil J. C., Stancari, Michelle, Stancu, Ion, Stefan, Dorota, Stefanik, Andy, Stewart, James, Stone, Sheldon, Strait, James, Strait, Matthew, Striganov, Sergei, Sullivan, Gregory, Sun, Yujing, Suter, Louise, Svenson, Andrew, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Szydagis, Matthew, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Talaga, Richard, Tamsett, Matthew, Tariq, Salman, Tayloe, Rex, Taylor, Charles, Taylor, David, Teymourian, Artin, Themann, Harry, Thiesse, Matthew, Thomas, Jenny, Thompson, Lee F., Thomson, Mark, Thorn, Craig, Thorpe, Matt, Tian, Xinchun, Tiedt, Doug, Toki, Walter, Tolich, Nikolai, Torti, M., Toups, Matt, Touramanis, Christos, Tripathi, Mani, Tropin, Igor, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tull, Craig, Tzanov, Martin, Urheim, Jon, Usman, Shawn, Vagins, Mark, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Berg, Rick, Water, Richard, Gemmeren, Peter, Varanini, Filippo, Varner, Gary, Vaziri, Kamran, Velev, Gueorgui, Ventura, Sandro, Vignoli, Chiara, Viren, Brett, Wahl, Dan, Waldron, Abby, Walter, Christopher W., Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Wei, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wasserman, Ryan, Watson, Blake, Weber, Alfons, Wei, Wenzhao, Wells, Douglas, Wetstein, Matthew, White, Andy, White, Hywel, Whitehead, Lisa, Whittington, Denver, Willhite, Joshua, Wilson, Robert J., Winslow, Lindley, Wood, Kevin, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Xin, Tian, Yarritu, Kevin, Ye, Jingbo, Yeh, Minfang, Yu, B., Yu, Jae, Yuan, Tianlu, Zani, A., Zeller, Geralyn P., Zhang, Chao, Zimmerman, Eric D., Zwaska, Robert, Center for Neutrino Physics, and Physics

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, physics.ins-det, physics.acc-ph
Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess., Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figures

129. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

Author

babak abi, Acciarri, Roberto, Mario A Acero O, Adamov, Giorge, David Adams, Adinolfi, Marco, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Saúl Alonso-Monsalve, Alt, Christoph, Anderson, John, Constantinos Andreopoulos, Andrews, Michael P., Manoa Andriamirado, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Sofia Andringa, Artur Ankowski, Anthony, Jack, Mihail Antoniu Iliescu, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Alfredo Aranda, Akitaka Ariga, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Adam Aurisano, Aushev, Vladimir, Dario Autiero, Azfar, Farrukh, Ashley Back, Back, Henning, John Back, Given Names Deactivated Family Name Deactivated, Baesso, Paolo, Bagby, Linda, Bajou, Raphael, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, F., Barenboim, Gabriela, Gary Barker, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, N., Barrow, J. L., Bashyal, Amit, Vincent Marc Basque, Fatih Bay, Bazo Alba, J. L., John Beacom, Bechetoille, Edouard, Biswaranjan Behera, Leo Bellantoni, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini V., Beltramello, Olga, Belver, D., Nektarios Benekos, Francisco Neves, Berger, Joshua, Berkman, Sophie, Paolo Bernardini, Roman Matthias Berner, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Sergio Bertolucci, Betancourt, Minerba, Bezawada, Y., Bhattacharjee, M., Simone Biagi, Jianming Bian, Biassoni, Matteo, Kurt Biery, Bilki, Burak, Mary Bishai, Alexander Bitadze, Andrew Blake, Blanco Siffert, Beatriz, Flor de Maria Blaszczyk, Blazey, Gerald C., Edward Blucher, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Tim Bolton, Maurizio Bonesini, Bongrand, Mathieu, Filiberto Bonini, Alexander Booth, Christopher Booth, Stefania Bordoni, Aran Borkum, Tommaso Boschi, Nilay Bostan, Bour, Petr, Boyd, Steve B., Boyden, Daniel, Juraj Bracinik, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, johan bremer, Chris Brew, Brianne, Eldwan, Stephen Brice, Brizzolari, Claudia, Carl Bromberg, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Bross, Alan, Giulia Brunetti, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Davide Caiulo, Paolo Calafiura, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Enrique Calvo Alamillo, Camilleri, Leslie, Alessio Caminata, Mario Campanelli, David Caratelli, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Paolo Carniti, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Andres Castillo, Cesar Manuel Castromonte Flores, Cattadori, Carla, Fabien Cavalier, Flavio Cavanna, Centro, Sandro, Giuseppe Cerati, Alberto Cervelli, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chang, C., Chardonnet, Etienne, Animesh Chatterjee, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Jorge Chaves, Hucheng Chen, Mu-Chun Chen, Chen, Yifan, Daniel Cherdack, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Kihyeon Cho, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, David Christian, Georgios Christodoulou, Eric Church, Clarke, Peter, Thomas Coan, Alfredo Giuseppe Cocco, Joao Coelho, Erin Conley, Janet Conrad, Convery, Mark, Luke Corwin, Cotte, Philippe, Cremaldi, Lucien, Linda Cremonesi, José Ignacio Crespo Anadón, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Clara Cuesta, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Da Motta, Helio, Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Quentin, Gavin Davies, Stefano Davini, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, Bonis, Isabelle, Michal Patrick Decowski, Andre de Gouvea, Holanda, Pedro, Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, Paul de Jong, Delbart, Alain, David Delepine, Delgado, Maritza, Andrea Dell’Acqua, Lurgio, Patrick, Erin Ewart, Grant, Nick, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Hewes, Jeremy, Junting Huang, Huang, Junying, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Li, Shaorui, Shirley Li, Manuel Alejandro Ramírez Delgado, Jaydip Singh, Singh, Jyotsna, Smith, Adryanna, Smith, Andrew, Todd, Jacob, Mello Neto, J. R. T., David DeMuth, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Gregor Recalde, Derlis, Albert De Roeck, Romeri, Valentina, Jan Vries, Joris, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Félix Napoleón Díaz Desposorio, Diaz, Jorge S., Sergio Di Domizio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Pengfei Ding, Di Noto, Lea, Carla Distefano, Richard Diurba, Milind Diwan, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Michelle Dolinski, Domine, Laura, Daniel Douglas, Drielsma, Francois, Dominique Duchesneau, Duffy, K. E., Patrick Dunne, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Olexiy Dvornikov, Dwyer, Daniel A., Dyshkant, Alexandre S., Eads, Michael, Edmunds, Daniel, Jonathan Eisch, Sandrine Emery-Schrenk, Antonio Ereditato, CARLOS ESCOBAR, Lorena Escudero, Evans, J. J., Ewart, E., Ezeribe, A. C., Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Yasaman Farzan, Julian Felix, Enrique Fernandez-Martinez, Pablo Fernandez, Federico Ferraro, Laura Fields, Filkins, A., Frank Filthaut, Rory Fitzpatrick, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Jiří Franc, Francis, Kurt, Domenico Franco, John Freeman, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Alexander Friedland, Stuart Fuess, Furic, Ivan, Andrew Furmanski, Gago, A., Gallagher, Hugh, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Enrico Gamberini, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Reddy Pratap Gandrajula, Gao, Shanshan, Diego Garcia Gamez, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Zahra Ghorbani moghaddam, Daniele Gibin, Gil-Botella, Ines, Girerd, Claude, Anjan Giri, Gnani, D., Olga Gogota, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Ricardo Gomes, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Luz Stella Gomez Fajardo, Francesco Gonnella, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Maury Goodman, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Prof. Evgueni Goudzovski, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gramellini, E., Richard Gran, Granados, Everardo, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Steven Green, Greenler, Leland, Greenwood, M., Greer, Joel, Griffith, W. C., Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Alberto Guglielmi, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K. K., Gutierrez, Rafael, Pawel Guzowski, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, A., Hackenburg, A., Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Jennifer Haigh, Haiston, James, Thomas Hamernik, Hamilton, Philip, Jiyeon Han, Harder, Kristian, Harris, Debbie, Hartnell, J., Takuya Hasegawa, Robert Hatcher, Hazen, Eric, Anne Heavey, Heeger, K. M., Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Kenneth Herner, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, V., Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Tony Hill, Stephen Hillier, Alexander Himmel, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, E. W., Glenn Horton-Smith, Matheus Hostert, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Illingworth, Robert, Ara Ioannisian, Ran Itay, Izmaylov, Alexander, James, Eric, Jargowsky, B., Jediny, Filip, César Jesús-Valls, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, L., Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Connor Johnson, Randy Johnson, Benjamin Jones, Sebastian Jones, Chang Kee Jung, Thomas Junk, Jwa, Yeon-Jae, Monireh Kabirnezhad, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, Ihor M., Felipe Garcia Ken Kamiya, Georgia Karagiorgi, Karcher, A., Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Narine Kazarian, Edward Kearns, Pt, Keener, Kevin Kelly, Kemp, Ernesto, Ketchum, Wes, steve kettell, Marat Khabibullin, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, D., King, Bonnie, Brian Kirby, Michael Kirby, Joshua Klein, Koehler, Kevin, Lisa Koerner, Samuel Kohn, Patrick Pascal Koller, Michael Kordosky, Thomas Kosc, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V. Alan, Kunal Kothekar, Krennrich, Frank, Igor Kreslo, Yury Kudenko, Vitaly Kudryavtsev, Sergey Kulagin, Kumar, Jason, Kumar, Rajeev, Kuruppumullage Don Chatura Kuruppu, Václav Kůs, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, A., Lande, Kenneth, Charles Lane, Lang, Karol, Thomas Langford, Pierre Lasorak, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Lawrence, A., Lazanu, Ionel, Ryan LaZur, Le, Trung, Learned, John, Lebrun, Patrice, Giovanna Lehmann Miotto, Lehnert, Ralf, Leitner, M., Leyton, Michael, Li, Lingge, Li, Teng, Yichen Li, Liao, Heng-Ye, Cheng-Ju Lin, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, J., Sarah Lockwitz, Loew, Timothy, Milos Lokajicek, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, David Lorca Galindo, Lord, Tom, John LoSecco, William Louis, Kam-Biu Luk, Xiao Luo, Nicolas Lurkin, Thorsten Lux, Vitor Prestes Luzio, Macfarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Pedro Machado, Christopher Macias, Macier, Jolie R., maddalena antonello, Peter Madigan, Magill, Steve, Kendall Mahn, Amelia Maio, James Maloney, Mandrioli, Gianni, Jose Maneira, Manenti, Laura, Manly, S., Mann, W. A., Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Alberto Marchionni, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Camillo Mariani, Jelena Maricic, Franciole Marinho, ALYSIA MARINO, Marvin Marshak, Christopher Marshall, John Marshall, Marteau, Jacques, Justo Martín-Albo, Martinez, Norman, David Martinez Caicedo, Sergey Martynenko, Katie Mason, Andrew Mastbaum, Mehedi Masud, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, J., Mauger, Christopher, Nicoletta Mauri, Konstantinos Mavrokoridis, Mazza, Roberto, Anna Mazzacane, Mazzucato, Edoardo, Mccluskey, Elaine, Mcconkey, Nicola, Kevin McFarland, Clark McGrew, Andrew McNab, Mefodiev, Alexander, Poonam Mehta, Melas, Pantelis, Mellinato, Michele, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendes Santos, Lucas, Mendez, Hector, Alessandro Menegolli, guang meng, Mark Messier, Metcalf, William, Mewes, Matthew, Holger Meyer, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Jost Migenda, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William H., Joshua Mills, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Omar Gustavo Miranda, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C. Shekhar, Sanjib Mishra, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Kristian Moffat, Niccolo' Moggi, Rukmani Mohanta, Tanaz Mohayai, Nikolai Mokhov, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Alessandro Montanari, Claudio Montanari, Montanari, David, Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Deywis Moreno Lopez, Morgan, Ben, Morris, Casandra, Christopher Mossey, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Celio A., Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Mathew Muether, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Shinya Narita, Navas-Nicolas, D., Nitish Nayak, Miquel Nebot Guinot, Lina Necib, Negishi, Kentaro, Jeffrey Nelson, Nesbit, Jake, Marzio Nessi, David Newbold, Newcomer, F. M., Newhart, Duane, Ryan Nichol, Evan Niner, Kurtis Nishimura, Andrew Norman, Northrop, Rich, Pau Novella, Jaroslaw Andrzej Nowak, Oberling, Michael, Andres Olivares del Campo, Olivier, Andrew, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Luca Pagani, sandip pakvasa, Ornella Palamara, Sandro Palestini, Jonathan Paley, Marco Pallavicini, Palomares, Carmen, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, riccardo papaleo, Antonis Papanestis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Stephen Parke, Parsa, Zohreh, Mihaela Parvu, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Cheryl Patrick, Laura Patrizii, Ryan Patterson, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Laura Paulucci, Zarko Pavlovic, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Viktor Pěč, Jm, Prof Dr Ir Simon Peeters, Penichot, Yves, Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Orlando Peres, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Gianluigi Ezio Pessina, Gianluca Petrillo, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Francesco Pietropaolo, Pillow, James, Robert Plunkett, Ronald Poling, Pons, Xavier, Navaneeth Poonthottathil, Stephen Pordes, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B. V. K. S., Pozimski, Juergen, Michele Pozzato, Suprabh Prakash, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qi, K., Xin Qian, Jennifer Raaf, Raboanary, R., Radeka, Veljko, Jonas Rademacker, Balint Radics, Aleena Rafique, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotondramanana, H. T., Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Yorck Ramachers, Rameika, Regina, Bryan Ramson, Andrea Rappoldi, Gian Luca Raselli, Peter Neil Ratoff, Ravat, Sylvain, Razafinime, H., Real, Jean-Sebastien, Brian Rebel, Redondo, David, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Tyler Rehak, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S., Andrew Renshaw, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, Logan, Keith Rielage, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Marco Roda, Philip Rodrigues, Manuel Jesus Rodriguez Alonso, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Roeth, Alison J., Rogers, Hannah, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Massimo Rossella, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Brooke Russell, James Russell, Ruterbories, D., Saakyan, Ruben, sabrina sacerdoti, Safford, Twymun, Narendra Sahu, paola sala, Samios, Nicholas, Mayly Sanchez, David Sanders, David Sankey, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Piera Sapienza, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Andrew Scarff, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Heidi Schellman, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David W., Kate Scholberg, Anne Schukraft, Segreto, Ettore, Jonathon Sensenig, Seong, Ilsoo, Antonino Sergi, Sergiampietri, F., Davide Sgalaberna, Michael Shaevitz, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, M., Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Seodong Shin, Shooltz, Dean, Robert Shrock, Simard, Laurent, Simos, Nikolaos, James Sinclair, Sinev, Gleb, Roland Sipos, Sippach, F. W., Gabriele Sirri, Andriaseta Sitraka, Siyeon, Kim, Smargianaki, D., Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Pavel Snopok, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Mitch Soderberg, Carlos Javier Solano Salinas, Stefan Soldner-Rembold, Solomey, Nicholas, Vladimir Solovov, Sondheim, Walter, Michel Sorel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Alexandre Sousa, Soustruznik, Karel, Fabio Spagliardi, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, Neil Jc, Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Luca Stanco, Steiner, Herbert M., Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Jason Stock, Francesca Stocker, Stokes, Tyler, Matthew Strait, Thomas Strauss, sergei striganov, Alexander Stuart, Donald Summers, Antonio Surdo, Susic, Vasja, Louise Suter, Concetta Maria Sutera, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Andrzej Szelc, Richard Talaga, Tanaka, H. A., Beatriz Tapia Oregui, Alexander Tapper, Salman Tariq, Tatar, E., Rex Tayloe, Abraham Teklu, Matteo Tenti, Kazuhiro Terao, Christoph Andreas Ternes, Francesco Terranova, Gemma Testera, Alessandro Thea, Joshua Thompson, Thorn, Craig, Steven Timm, Alessandra Tonazzo, Torti, Marta, Mariam Tortola, Francesco Tortorici, Totani, Dante, Matt Toups, Christos Touramanis, Trevor, Jason, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Yun-Tse Tsai, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Tracy Usher, Vagins, Mark R., Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, G. A., Valencia, E., Zoya Vallari, Jwf, Valle, Sofia Vallecorsa, Richard Van Berg, Richard Van de Water, David Vanegas Forero, Filippo Varanini, Vargas, Danaisis, Gary Varner, Justin Vasel, Vasseur, Georges, Vaziri, Kamran, Sandro Ventura, Antonio Verdugo de Osa, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Marco Verzocchi, Souza, H. V., Chiara Vignoli, Cristovao Vilela, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Michael Wallbank, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Morgan Wascko, Waters, David, Alan Watson, Weatherly, Pierce, Alfons Weber, Michele Weber, Hanyu Wei, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, Yang, Shaokai, Geralyn Zeller, While, M. R., White, Andy, Leigh Whitehead, Denver Whittington, Michael Wilking, Callum Wilkinson, Williams, Zachary, Fergus Wilson, Robert Wilson, Jeremy Wolcott, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Kevin, Lynn Wood, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Clarence Wret, Wanwei Wu, Xiao, Y., Guang Yang, Tingjun Yang, Yershov, Nikolai, Katsuya Yonehara, Young, Tim, Bo Yu, Jaehoon Yu, Jaroslav Zalesak, Zambelli, Laura, Bruno Zamorano, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeller, G. P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Chao Zhang, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Guanying Zhu, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Stefano Zucchelli, Josef Zuklin, Zutshi, Vishnu, Robert Zwaska, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DUNE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
Particle physics, nucleon: decay, LBNF, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], media_common.quotation_subject, far detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Component (UML), 0103 physical sciences, CP: violation, antimatter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, Grand Unified Theory, neutrino: supernova, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, capture, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, media_common, Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), time projection chamber: liquid argon, deep underground detector, Universe, asymmetry: CP, neutrino: detector, grand unified theory, Neutrino detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Systems engineering, CP violation, neutrino: burst, proposed experiment, Neutrino, Particle Physics - Experiment, signature
Abstract

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large., 357 pages, 165 figures (updated typos in Table 6.1 and corrected errors in author list)

133. Letters.

Author

Meyerinck, Lutz V., Higgins, Roy, Spooner, Neil, Meakins, Ben, Bradshaw, Martin, Tylor Wanstead, Marcus, Haggerty, Dennis, and Batten, Jenny

Published
2017

134. Control of radon and pollutants in gas-based directional dark matter detectors using molecular sieves

Author

Marcelo Gregorio, Robert Renz and Spooner, Neil

Abstract

The most compelling explanation for the so-called Dark Matter of the Universe is the postulation of particles beyond the standard model, with Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter being well-motivated. While there are many different methods to search for WIMPs, the most sensitive dark matter experiments in the world employ liquid noble gas targets to detect WIMP-induced recoils. As the next generation of liquid noble detectors become more sensitive, they are confronted by an inevitable background of solar neutrinos, which inhibit the conclusive identification of dark matter in such searches. Directional dark matter detectors have the capability to distinguish against the otherwise irreducible solar neutrino background by adding information about the direction of the WIMP-induced recoil events. Most directional detectors reconstruct recoil tracks using low-pressure gas Time Projection Chambers (TPC). In gas TPC operation, it is important to remove radon and common pollutants from the target gas. Radon contamination provides a source of unwanted background able to mimic WIMP-induced recoils, while common pollutants can significantly suppress the gain of the detector. SF6 is an ideal target gas for directional dark matter searches, so the ability to remove radon and common pollutants from SF6 during TPC operation is crucial. A method that also recycles SF6 is required as it is a potent greenhouse gas. This thesis describes work toward a gas recycling system that removes radon and common pollutants from target gases during TPC operation. The removal of radon from SF6 gas was demonstrated for the first time using a 5 angstrom type molecular sieve. A low radioactive 5 angstrom type molecular sieve that intrinsically emanated 98.9% less radon per radon captured compared to commercial sieves was found. To effectively implement the molecular sieves with TPC detectors, a gas system utilising a modified Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA) technique with a gas recovery buffer was designed. The VSA technique minimises the required amount of molecular sieve for long-term filtration, and the gas recovery buffer maximises the amount of recycled gas. The design was built into a prototype and tested with a small-scale gas TPC detector. Performance testing with the gas system prototype resulted in the low radioactive 5 angstrom type molecular sieve reducing the intrinsic radon contamination of the TPC detector setup within the background limits of the radon measurement apparatus (14.0±5.7 mBq). A TPC detector run with the gas system employing 3 angstrom and 4 angstrom type molecular sieves significantly reduced the impact of common pollutants suppressing signal amplification, with the detector signal remaining until detector operation was terminated after 340 hours. Without the gas system, the TPC detector could only maintain this level of signal amplification for 50 hours. The results presented in this thesis successfully demonstrate the feasibility of a molecular sieve-based gas recycling system that simultaneously removes radon and common pollutants from SF6-based directional dark matter detectors.

Published
2022

135. New negative ion time projection chamber technology for directional detection of dark matter, neutrinos and fast neutrons

Author

Eldridge, Callum and Spooner, Neil

Abstract

Low energy nuclear recoils are one of the few signatures of the passage of WIMPs, fast neutrons and neutrinos though matter. The directional information encoded in the nuclear recoils provides valuable data which is otherwise inaccessible to a particle detector. Gas TPCs are one of the few technologies capable of reconstructing a low energy nuclear recoil track well enough to extract directional information. Scaling TPCs to large volumes while maintaining a low energy threshold and good position resolution is vital for these applications where the rarity of the interactions with matter can only be offset with larger target mass. This work focuses on amplification, charge collection and readout technologies which are able to achieve a low energy threshold on the order of keV in negative ion gases and which have the potential to scale to large areas. Initially the gain and energy resolution of the ThGEM device is determined in low pressure SF6. Results for the first operation of the novel MM-ThGEM amplification device in a negative ion drift gas are presented, showing that the device overcomes a number of problems encountered with the ThGEM while maintaining good gain in SF6. A resistive layer micromegas is used to achieve three dimensional reconstruction of events in combination with the MM-THGEM which is shown to be necessary to obtain overall gas gains sufficient to achieve a low energy threshold. The MMThGEM-micromegas is shown to work well in combination with the scalable Kobe NI-DAQ electronics and to be sensitive to alpha particles, x-rays, neutrons and gamma rays. The results indicate that the novel technology is a promising avenue of development towards a large directional nuclear recoil detector. A study of the feasibility of a gas TPC experiment aiming to observe the CEνNS scattering of reactor neutrinos is also presented for the first time.

Published
2021

136. Preface.

Author

Spooner, Neil

Subjects
DARK matter, ASTRONOMERS, CONFERENCES & conventions
Published
2005

137. Preface.

Author

Spooner, Neil

Subjects
DARK matter, BARYONS, WEAKLY interacting massive particles
Published
2003

138. Preface.

Author

Spooner, Neil

Subjects
DARK matter, ASTROPHYSICS, BARYONS
Published
2001

139. Developments towards a νe CC sterile appearance sensitivity in the Short-Baseline Neutrino programme

Author

Barker, Dominic, Spooner, Neil, and Malek, Matthew

Abstract

The Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) programme is an upcoming neutrino experiment situated on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at the Fermilab National Laboratory. One of the primary objectives of the SBN programme is to confirm or refute the low energy electron neutrino excess observed in previous neutrino experiments: LSND and MiniBooNE. It was postulated that this observed low energy electron neutrino excess was caused by the existence of one or more sterile neutrinos. If this is confirmed, it will alter our current understanding of physics as well as the standard model and the prescription of neutrino oscillations. To achieve this primary objective, the SBN programme will perform studies which are sensitive to electron neutrino appearances. These are carried out assuming several sterile models, in particular the 3+1 model. To undertake the physics goals of the SBN programme, three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are positioned at various points along the BNB beamline. These LArTPCs are known as The Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) (110 m), Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (MicroBooNE) (470 m), and the Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signals (ICARUS) (600 m) detector. LArTPCs provide sophisticated calorimetric and topological information to identify the energy and flavour of charged particles in neutrino interactions. For an electron neutrino excess search, it is important to reconstruct and identify the resultant electron from neutrino Charge Current (CC) events. A new framework with new methods was developed to characterise electromagnetic showers to help identify electrons from background photon showers. The new methods were then employed in an oscillated electron neutrino selection upon simulated events in the SBN detectors. The resultant event distributions were then used to perform an electron neutrino appearance sensitivity analysis using the 3 + 1 sterile model in the VALencia-Oxford-Rutherford (VALOR) neutrino oscillation fitting framework. The single-phase wire near detector of the SBN programme, SBND, is also viewed as a prototype for the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector. Due to the high rate of events at the location of the DUNE near detector, single-phase wire LArTPCs are not feasible. Therefore, alternative readout methods are being considered, such as a pixelated readout. To test these alternative readout methods, a research rig at the University of Sheffield has been developed.

Published
2020

140. Developments towards a scaled-up one-dimensional directional dark matter detector

Author

Scarff, Andrew and Spooner, Neil J. C.

Subjects
523.1
Abstract

There are many forms of evidence that point towards an unknown form of matter, known as dark matter, making up ∼85% of the mass in the universe. Many dark matter candidates have been proposed with the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) being among the most favoured. There are many groups around the world actively looking for WIMPs with direct, indirect and collider searches with specific interest here in annual modulation and directional searches. The DRIFT-IId detector is the world’s largest directional dark matter detector and is operational in Boulby Mine in the UK. Members of the directional community have come together to form the CYGNUS collaboration, looking towards larger detectors with better directional sensitivity. This thesis looks towards the future scale up to larger directional detectors, specifically low-pressure gas detectors. Improvements have been made to a system used to measure the radon emanation of materials, with emanation tests taken of potential components for CYGNUS detectors. Measurements have also been taken with a small scale THGEM TPC in both CF4 and SF6 gas. The results from CF4 showed the high gas gains achievable from the THGEM detector and allowed a direct measurement of the Townsend coefficients of the gas. Gains of up to 8600 ± 150 have been achieved in low pressure SF6 with a resolution of 19%, both of these figures are the highest achieved to date. The directional sensitivity of 1D readouts has been tested with initial signals of head-tail shown in a THGEM TPC in SF6. A head-tail signature is also seen in a simplified 1D DRIFT-IId readout mode. Exclusion limits from both the full and simplified DRIFT readouts have been produced from over 100 days of background data. The result of 0.16 pb from the full analysis is the lowest limit produced by any directional detector. These results show that a one-dimensional readout may be feasible for directional WIMP detection removing the need for many hundreds or thousands of read out channels required for 3D reconstruction.

Published
2017

141. Research and development toward massive liquid argon time projection chambers for neutrino detection

Author

Thiesse, Matthew and Spooner, Neil J. C.

Subjects
500
Abstract

Liquid argon (LAr) time projection chambers (TPC) have rapidly increased in importance as particle detectors throughout the past four decades. While much research has been completed, there are still many areas which require further development to build and operate the next generation LAr TPC experiment, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). These include high voltage breakdown, argon purification and purity monitoring, and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light measurement. Visual monitoring of high voltage breakdown is helpful in allowing assessment of the performance of high voltage component design. Thus, a system of cryogenic cameras, the first of its kind, was developed for use in a large LAr cryostat, without the need for additional electronics heating. The system functioned without problem for 50 days at cryogenic temperature, with some degradation of image quality, and provided a useful monitor for the DUNE 35-ton cryogenics systems. The system did not observe any high voltage breakdowns during the run. Further development of the concept is ongoing for future installation in other experiments. The monitoring of LAr purity using TPC data is a fundamental study for LAr TPC experiments. However, the study has not been performed for a large LAr TPC in the presence of high electronic noise. Custom software was developed and validated for the accurate reconstruction of signals in noisy TPC data. The results of the reconstruction were used to successfully measure the LAr electron lifetime with an uncertainty comparable to alternate methods of measurement. The electron lifetime of the 35-ton Phase II run is determined to be $4.12\pm0.17$~(stat.)~$\pm0.40$~(syst.)~ms. For general purpose research and development of high purity LAr as a particle detection medium, a dedicated test stand was designed, constructed, and commissioned. The system is used to test the gaseous photomultiplier (GPM) performance at cryogenic temperatures. The GPM functions with photoelectron multiplication at 77~K, at a reduced gain. Further study is required to show the detector's direct sensitivity to LAr VUV scintillation light.

Published
2017

142. Background simulations and WIMP search with galactic signature dark matter experiments

Author

Mouton, Frederic and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
500
Abstract

There is now compelling evidence that ordinary baryonic matter only represents 15% of the matter content of the Universe. Observational results suggest that the remaining 85% may be constituted of dark matter possibly in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). One of the potential ways to detect these WIMPS is to look for their scattering interactions with nuclei. This is the basis of direct detection experiments. In particular, galactic signature direct detection experiments look for the characteristic properties of the WIMP signal. The current landscape of galactic signature experiments is dominated by two main types of experiments. Firstly, NaI (Tl) detectors are searching for the annual modulation of the WIMP recoil rate induced by the revolution of the Earth. Secondly, directional time projection chambers (TPCs) can reconstruct the momentum of the incoming scattering particle and determinate whether its origin is compatible with the WIMP wind. In this thesis, both types of experiments are addressed. For these rare-event searches, the performance of the detector is dictated by two linked parameters, the mass of target materials and the rate of background events. A new generation of galactic signature experiments is currently being developed. This work addresses the issue of the background levels through the use of Monte-Carlo simulations to predict the event rate associated with the different backgrounds. In the context of the COSINE experiment, these simulations investigate the neutron background in the detector and compare the associated rate to a theoretical model which proposes that neutrons may be responsible for the positive signal seen by the DAMA experiment. Otherwise, for the proposed CYGNUS experiments, these simulations are done in a way to facilitate the design effort of the collaboration and orientate the blueprints towards detectors which could potentially achieve background event rates below 1 per year. These efforts may potentially lead to the creation of background-free experiments larger than the DRIFT-IId TPC. Background-free status was achieved in DRIFT with the discovery of minority carriers in 2013. This thesis presents the current world-leading directional limit on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section achieved with the DRIFT-IId detector. The recent detection of fast neutrons from the rock at the Boulby underground laboratory is also discussed. This is the first ever measurement of the concentration of radioisotopes in an underground laboratory using a TPC. This thesis is considering the impact that this new technique may have on future dark matter searches and how it may provide a new tool for neutron metrology in nuclear physics.

Published
2017

143. Towards the DRIFT-III directional dark matter experiment

Author

Sadler, Stephen and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
500
Abstract

There exists compelling evidence that baryonic matter constitutes only 15% of the matter budget of the Universe. Results from a diverse range of experiments suggest that the remaining 85% is in the form of weakly interacting particle dark matter, with a particular class of particle, the WIMPs, being favoured on theoretical grounds. Recently, hints of a WIMP signal have appeared at low WIMP mass in several solid-state direct dark matter detectors. However, these appear to be at odds with the exclusion limits from the most sensitive detectors in the world, which employ liquid noble gases as their target media. The DRIFT experiment aims to measure not only the energy, but also the directionality of WIMP-nucleon interactions, which would provide an unambiguous signal of dark matter. The current generation of the detector, the 1 m3 negative ion time projection chamber DRIFT-IId, is currently taking data underground at the Boulby Underground Science Facility. This thesis presents work toward the next generation of the experiment, DRIFT-IIe, which is acting as a technology testbed for the planned 24 m3 DRIFT-III detector. The main background contributor, radon gas, is investigated, and reduced by a factor of 2 through a program of materials screening and substitution. Simplification of the electronics scheme is investigated, and found to be possible with no measurable reduction in directionality or background discrimination. A new gas mixing system for the DRIFT-IIe detector is designed and commissioned, which is more remotely-controllable and incorporates lower-cost components than its predecessor. Finally, a new technique for fiducialising events in the z dimension is presented and a new automated analysis of this data developed, which is shown to improve the efficiency for detecting WIMPs by up to a factor of 3:5.

Published
2014

144. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross-sections using the DRIFT-IId directional dark matter detector

Author

Pipe, Mark, Daw, Edward, and Spooner, Neil

Subjects
523.1126
Abstract

The nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest questions in physics today. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a particularly well motivated candidate for the missing matter that makes up 85% of the mass of the Universe. The most promising method for an unambiguous proof of the existence of WIMPs is via detection of the predicted directional anisotropy. The DRIFT detector at the Boulby Underground Laboratory in the UK is the world's first large scale directionally sensitive dark matter detector. This thesis presents work focussing on the ability of DRIFT to be competitive with non-directional detectors in exploring new spin-dependent WIMP interaction phase-space. Experimental efforts towards this are discussed, including the first calibration measurements of spin-dependent target gases in DRIFT, and development and implementation of an automated gas mixing system required for spin-dependent gas mixture operation. This thesis presents the first long-term study of backgrounds in DRIFT in which current limiting backgrounds are identified and studied, providing information crucial to future background reduction strategies. Developments of the WIMP analysis procedure are presented that result in an improved sensitivity to WIMP-mimicking neutron-induced nuclear recoils by a factor of 2.4. Data from the first runs with spin-dependent sensitive CS2-CF4 gas mixtures are presented with improved analysis methods. This thesis presents the first blind analysis results from a directionally sensitive dark matter detector with upper limits on the SD WIMP-proton interaction cross-section with a minimum of 0.93 pb for a 100 GeV WIMP.

Published
2011

145. DBS and beyond.

Author

Spooner N and Stove C

Subjects
Blood Specimen Collection methods, Blood Specimen Collection trends, Humans, Inventions, Urine Specimen Collection methods, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods, Dried Blood Spot Testing standards
Abstract

As part of this special focus issue, Bioanalysis invited a selection of leading researchers to expresstheir views on the use of DBS and microsampling in bioanalysis. The topics discussed include the potential for dried blood to become a routine matrix in the bioanalytical laboratory, and how microsampling techniques might evolve in the coming years. Their responses provide a valuable insight into current considerations, as well as future developments in the field.

Published
2015
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146. Dried blood spots as a sample collection technique for the determination of pharmacokinetics in clinical studies: considerations for the validation of a quantitative bioanalytical method.

Author

Spooner N, Lad R, and Barfield M

Subjects
Acetaminophen blood, Acetaminophen chemistry, Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics, Blood Circulation, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Glucuronates blood, Glucuronates metabolism, Humans, Internationality, Linear Models, Sensitivity and Specificity, Temperature, Blood Chemical Analysis methods, Blood Specimen Collection methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations blood, Pharmacokinetics
Abstract

A novel approach has been developed for the quantitative determination of circulating drug concentrations in clinical studies using dried blood spots (DBS) on paper, rather than conventional plasma samples. A quantitative bioanalytical HPLC-MS/MS assay requiring small blood volumes (15 microL) has been validated using acetaminophen as a tool compound (range 25 to 5000 ng/mL human blood). The assay employed simple solvent extraction of a punch taken from the DBS sample, followed by reversed phase HPLC separation, combined with selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometric detection. In addition to performing routine experiments to establish the validity of the assay to internationally accepted criteria (precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity), a number of experiments were performed to specifically demonstrate the quality of the quantitative data generated using this novel sample format, namely, stability of the analyte and metabolites in whole human blood and in DBS samples; effect of the volume of blood spotted, the device used to spot the blood, or the temperature of blood spotted. The validated DBS approach was successfully applied to a clinical study (single oral dose of 500 mg or 1 g acetaminophen).

Published
2009
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147. Application of dried blood spots combined with HPLC-MS/MS for the quantification of acetaminophen in toxicokinetic studies.

Author

Barfield M, Spooner N, Lad R, Parry S, and Fowles S

Subjects
Acetaminophen blood, Acetaminophen chemistry, Animals, Dogs, Female, Male, Sensitivity and Specificity, Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics, Acetaminophen toxicity, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
Abstract

A reversed phase HPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantitative bioanalysis of acetaminophen in dried blood spots (DBS) prepared from small volumes (15 microL) of dog blood. Samples were extracted for analysis with methanol. Detection was by positive ion TurboIonSpray ionisation combined with selected reaction monitoring MS. The analytical concentration range was 0.1-50 microg/mL. The intra-day precision and bias values were both less than 15%. Acetaminophen was stable in DBS stored at room temperature for at least 10 days. The methodology was applied in a toxicokinetic (TK) study where the data obtained from DBS samples was physiologically comparable with results from duplicate blood samples (diluted 1:1 (v/v) with water) analysed using identical HPLC-MS/MS conditions. This work demonstrates that quantitative analysis of a drug extracted from DBS can provide high quality TK data while minimising the volume of blood withdrawn from experimental animals, to an order of magnitude lower than is current practice in the pharmaceutical industry. This is the first reported application of DBS analysis to a TK study in support of a safety assessment study. The success of this and similar, related studies has led to the intent to apply DBS technology as the recommended analytical approach for the assessment of pharmacokinetics (PK)/TK for all new oral small molecule drug candidates, which have previously demonstrated a successful bioanalytical validation.

Published
2008
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148. Evaluation of ultra-performance liquid chromatography in the bioanalysis of small molecule drug candidates in plasma.

Author

Goodwin L, White SA, and Spooner N

Subjects
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations blood
Abstract

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with mass spectrometric detection (MS) is used successfully in the bioanalysis of small molecule drug candidates in plasma. UPLC-MS is shown to increase sample throughput by reducing run times over 3-fold, without compromising analytical sensitivity or analyte resolution. The technique is demonstrated to be practical and robust on a commercially available ultra-high pressure system when injecting extracts of plasma and has also shown to be a technique that can be used effectively on a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography system fitted with short columns (

Published
2007
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