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Background and Objectives: Before the introduction of griseofluvin, the use of X-ray radiation was the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. More than half a century later various types of tumors have been found to be associated with childhood irradiation due to tinea capitis, most commonly cancers of the head and neck, as well as brain tumors. The often unusually aggressive and recurrent nature of these tumors necessitates the need for repeated surgeries, while the atrophic skin with an impaired vascular supply due to radiation often poses an additional challenge for defect reconstruction. We present our experience in the surgical treatment of such patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. In this study, 37 patients treated for acquired defects of the scalp with a history of irradiation therapy due to tinea capitis in childhood were included in this study, 24 male and 13 female patients. The mean age at the first appointment was 60.6 ± 7.8, with the youngest included patient being 46 and the oldest being 75 years old. Patients’ characteristics, surgical treatment, and complications were analyzed and a reconstructive algorithm was developed. Results: Local flaps were used for reconstruction in 34 patients, direct sutures were used in 10 patients and 20 patients received split-thickness skin grafts for coverage of both primary and secondary defects for reconstruction of flap donor sites. One regional flap and one dermal substitute covered by an autologous skin graft were also used for reconstruction. Complications occurred in 43.2% of patients and were significantly associated with the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.001), aseptic bone necrosis (p = 0.001), as well as skin atrophy in frontal, occipital, and parietal region (p = 0.001, p = 0.042 and p = 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation between major complications and moderate skin atrophy was found only in the parietal region (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Unfortunately, many protocols developed for scalp reconstruction are not applicable in the setting of severe or diffuse scalp skin atrophy associated with high tumor recurrence rate and radiation-induced vascular impairment, such as in tinea capitis patients in Serbia. An algorithm has been developed based on the authors’ experience in managing these patients.

This article discusses a case of terbinafine-resistant extensive tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton indotineae, a fungal pathogen first described in India. The authors emphasize the importance of dermatologists being alert to terbinafine-resistant tinea and considering the presence of T. indotineae for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. They present a case of a pregnant woman with disseminated skin lesions that were successfully treated with itraconazole. T. indotineae is morphologically and genetically similar to other dermatophyte fungi but shows high resistance to terbinafine. The most effective treatment for T. indotineae infection is currently itraconazole. The emergence of this new species poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in pregnant patients. [Extracted from the article]

The roots of Euphorbia fischeriana have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and ringworm. In the current study, diterpenoids from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots E. fischeriana and their cytotoxic effects against five cancer lines were investigated. Two new ent-abietane diterpenoids, euphonoids H and I (1–2), as well as their two analogues (3–4) were first isolated from this source. The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculation. Their absolute configurations were assigned via ECD spectrum calculation. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against human prostate cancers C4-2B and C4-2B/ENZR cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 4.16 ± 0.42 to 5.74 ± 0.45 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, an increased prevalence of chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant dermatophytosis is being observed. The present study assesses the clinico-mycological profile, antifungal drug sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy of various systemic antifungal drug regimens, in extensive dermatophytosis patients of coastal Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty clinically diagnosed cases of extensive dermatophytosis affecting more than one body region were enrolled. Skin samples were taken for direct microscopy and fungal culture. Antifungal drug sensitivity testing was done with broth microdilution test. Therapeutic efficacy of systemic antifungal drug regimens was determined by randomly dividing the patients into 5 groups of 30 each. Results: The most common clinical patterns observed were tinea corporis et cruris (62.7%) followed by extensive tinea corporis (11.3%). KOH and culture positivity were seen in 132 (88%) and 84 cases (56%) respectively. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated in 78 cases (92.8%) followed by Microsporum gypseum in 6 patients (7.1%). The overall mean minimum inhibitory concentration values for itraconazole (0.04 μg/mL) were low when compared to griseofulvin (4.61 μg/mL) and terbinafine (6.9 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). Combination of itraconazole and griseofulvin achieved highest clinical and mycological cure rates (93.1%). Among patients receiving single drugs, itraconazole had higher cure rates (71.4%) compared to terbinafine (59.2%) and griseofulvin (53.8%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Trichophyton mentagrophytes has replaced Trichophyton rubrum as the predominant species causing dermatophytosis in Andhra Pradesh, presenting with a severe phenotype. Itraconazole was found to be the most effective drug both in vivo and in vitro. A combination of systemic drugs should be considered in cases of monotherapy failure and in recalcitrant dermatophytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses, and the identification of their etiological agents is routinely performed by culture and microscopic features, which is time-consuming and relies on personnel expertise. Molecular approaches have been developed to provide faster and reliable results; therefore, this study aimed to identify dermatophytes isolated from Alagoas state patients, employing phenotypical and molecular methods. Methodology: Clinical samples for morphological identification were collected from private and public laboratories and cultivated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. DNA extraction was followed by ITS amplicon analysis after restriction enzyme digestion DdeI (ITS-RFLP). Results: Out of fourteen representative strains, ITS-RFLP with DdeI efficiently identified Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea, and Trichophyton rubrum, while species of the complex T. tonsurans/T. mentagrophytes presented the same restriction pattern. After genotyping, 2 T. tonsurans and 1 Microsporum sp. strain were reclassified as T. rubrum. Conclusions: RFLP of ITS-region followed by DdeI digestion produced faster and relatively reliable results than classic methods; however, this method has not been as efficient for closely related dermatophytes cryptic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diagnosis of psoriasis may be missed or delayed in primary care settings. Aim: To examine trends in healthcare events before a diagnosis of psoriasis. Design and setting: Two matched case–control studies using electronic healthcare records delineated from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD and Aurum) in the UK. Method: Individuals aged ≥18 years with an incident diagnosis of psoriasis (case group) between 1 January 2010 and 29 December 2017 were identified and matched by age, sex, and general practice with six individuals without psoriasis (control group). Healthcare activities were examined and annual incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 10 years before the index date were compared between case and control groups. Results: There were 17 320 people with psoriasis and 99 320 controls included from CPRD GOLD, and 11 442 people with psoriasis and 65 840 controls extracted from CPRD Aurum. Data from CPRD GOLD showed that people with psoriasis were up to eight times more likely to be diagnosed with pityriasis rosea at 6 months (IRR 7.82, 95% CI = 4.09 to 14.95) before the index date than the control group. The case group were twice as likely to be diagnosed with eczema (IRR 1.90, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.05) or tinea corporis (IRR 1.99, 95% CI = 1.74 to 2.27) 1 year before the index date. The case group were more likely to report dry skin, rash, skin texture changes, and itching than the control group up to 5 years before the index date. The most frequently reported clinical feature was rash with an IRR of 2.71 (95% CI = 2.53 to 2.92) at 1 year before the index date. The case group were prescribed topical corticosteroids (IRR 1.97, 95% CI = 1.88 to 2.07) or topical antifungals (IRR 1.92, 95% CI = 1.78 to 2.07) in the year before the index date twice as often as those in the control group. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the diagnosis of psoriasis may be missed or delayed in a UK primary care setting for up to 5 years for some individuals, hence leading to a potentially detrimental delay in establishing an appropriate treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microsporum canis (M.canis) is the most common dermatophyte causing tinea capitis and corporis in humans. Proteases encoded by subtilisin (SUB) virulence genes are from the keratinases leading to dermatophytosis. Subtilisin 1 and SUB3 were expressed during the adherence of arthroconidia to corneocytes by M. canis. Few M. canis molecular identification assays were used. There is a new target gene for identification of M.canis such as the velB gene. The aim of our study is to assess the presence of SUB (1-3) virulence genes in M.canis isolates and to assess the ability of the velB gene in identification of M.canis isolates compared with the traditional Mc gene. Methods: Thirty M.canis isolates were collected from 120 suspected cases of dermatophytosis attended the Dermatology outpatient clinic in Suez Canal University Hospitals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of MC gene was done. Real time PCR was done for detection of the velB and SUB (1-3) genes. Results: The number of positive isolates detected of MC gene were 28(93.3%) isolates. Thirty isolates (100%) were positive for velB gene. Subtilisin 1 gene was detected in 21 isolates (70%), while SUB 2 gene was positive in 3 isolates only (10%) and SUB 3 gene showed the highest percentage as it was positive in 29 isolates (96.7%). Conclusion: We concluded that the new primer Mc-VelB showed high specific results in detection of M.canis isolates. Subtilisin genes 1-3 were detected with high percentage in our study that proves having a major role in the infection by M.canis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In folk medicine, plants like Rosmarinus officinalis and Olea europaea are used to cure illnesses like infectious infections and skin conditions. Examined the antifungal properties of hydro alcoholic snippets from Rosmarinus officinalis and Olea europaea against strains of these three fungi. By using the micro dilution method and microscopy, dried leaves from Rosmarinus officinalis and Olea europaea hydro alcoholic extracts were tested against dermatophyte species. Based on the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC), R. officinalis and O. europaea which the most effective against dermatophytes. In order to explore how the two extracts inhibited hyphal development, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilized. The results revealed a substantial inhibition and an uneven growth pattern. Both extracts effectively combatted dermatophytes by preventing fungal growth and altering their hyphae. R. officinalis and O. europaea are therefore likely sources of novel chemicals for the creation of antifungal medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indeed, sporadic human and animal infections were described before the diffusion of yellow phenotype strains in Europe.3 Notably, the white phenotype is very similar to I T. mentagrophytes i . All fungal isolates grew easily in culture, confirming what is known for these species.3 A detailed mycological description of the I T. benhamiae i clade can be found elsewhere.3,9 To summarise, the more widely distributed zoophilic species ( I T. benhamiae i var. I benhamiae i , I T. europaeum i and I T. japonicum i ) have a " I T. mentagrophytes i -like" appearance (Figure 4). Trichophyton benhamiae var. luteum and T. europaeum - recently described dermatophytes within the T. benhamiae complex - were identified in nine cases of dermatophytosis involving guinea pigs, chinchillas and dogs. Cases of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton benhamiae var. luteum and T. europaeum, newly described dermatophytes within the T. benhamiae complex. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The increased incidence and preponderance of dermatomycosis cause the issue of determining antimycotic agents of systemic and external action to be particularly pertinent, considering the etiology, clinical form, and majority of mycoses, the sensitivity of pathogens to them, and the existence of concurrent conditions. The study aims to analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of dermatomycosis of the scalp, nails, feet, hands, smooth skin, and inguinal dermatophytosis. Patients and methods: To meet the aim of the study, it is attempted to generate an algorithm for pharmaceutical counseling of patients suffering from various types of dermatomycosis. Over the span of five months, a survey was carried out of 25 visitors to the pharmacy with a diagnosis of dermatomycosis. Results: Based on the results, it was revealed that most of the visitors suffer from dermatomycosis of the feet - 10 people (40%), the second in terms of incidence is onychomycosis - 5 people (19%), the third in terms of incidence is dermatomycosis of the groin area - 4 people (15%), the fourth in the incidence is dermatomycosis of the scalp - 4 people (14%). Conclusion: To treat different types of dermatomycosis, various antifungal drugs in different dosage forms can be used. For each type of disease, a specific course of treatment is selected. The duration of the course of treatment depends on the skin lesion area, the duration of the disease, and the presence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatophytosis is a common dermatological condition in children. Recent trends indicate increasing occurrence of dermatophytic infection in the paediatric age group and with growing anti-fungal resistance; however, more studies describing clinic-epidemiological and mycological pattern in paediatric population are needed. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical pattern and mycological isolates from the lesions of dermatophytosis involving the glabrous skin and to assess the association of fixed dose combinations creams with clinical and mycological pattern of cutaneous dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: Paediatric patients (ages 1 -14) with suspected tinea infections presenting in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care medical college hospital in South India for a duration of four months, in 2020, were included in this study. Samples were collected and tested for potassium hydroxide (KOH) positivity. Additionally, the scales were also sent for fungal culture. Results: Out of 45 patients, 29 (64.4%) were male and 16 (35.6%) were female. The groin was the most common site affected in 89.65% patients. Around 57% of the study participants (21/45) have used corticosteroid-containing creams. Out of the 45 study participants, KOH mount was positive in 39(86.7%). Fungal Culture revealed Trichophyton mentagrophytes (55.6%) as the most common species isolated. Conclusion: Our study illustrates a major epidemiological shift of dermatophytosis causing species from Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes among paediatric patients akin to that observed in adults. It is also observed that there is an increase in an atypical presentation owing to topical steroid use. The present study provides evidence that a high index of suspicion in needed to effectively curb the rising incidence of dermatophytosis in paediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tinea corporis is a glabrous skin fungal infection mainly affecting children and immunosuppressed patients. The clinical feature of tinea in HIV patients shows mild inflammation that resembles other dermatoses. This report aims to establish the diagnosis and therapy choices promptly. A 15-year-old boy with HIV and pulmonary TB came with complaints of itchy small red papules, exacerbated by sweating. These lesions extend almost all over the body. Dermatological examination of the chest, abdomen, back, arms and hands, and both legs showed multiple erythematous papules with annular configuration and the elevated border with scales over the erythematous base. KOH examination revealed the culture's long septate hyphae and colonies of the fungus Microsporum canis. Tinea corporis was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with oral griseofulvin and topical ketoconazole. Microsporum canis is the third most common causative organism and is associated with 14% of cases of tinea corporis. These annular lesions resemble centrifugal erythema annular and generalized annular granulomas. A fungal culture examination was performed to confirm the diagnosis, and the tinea species were identified. Terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole and griseovulfin are the treatment options for tinea corporis with HIV. Definitive diagnosis and exact identification of the causative organism of tinea corporis could be determined by culture. Griseofulvin is still used to treat tinea, especially in liver function problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatophytosis is caused by a homogenous group of keratinophilic fungi called dermatophytes that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue i.e. skin, hair and nails of humans and animals. Fungal infections do not receive much attention and are diagnosed very late as they are not notifiable, unlike viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. Aim and Objectives: To identify and characterize different species of dermatophytes from clinically diagnosed cases of ringworm infections. Material and Methods: Characterization was based upon the morphological features in direct Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) mount, growth on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) for primary isolation of dermatophytes from clinical samples. Results: In the present study, total of 176 samples were collected. Causative agents were identified macroscopically and microscopically from the growth obtained from SDA. Out of the 176 patients from whom samples were collected, males were found to be more common, with the male to female ratio being 2:1. Most common clinical type was Tinea cruris (39.20%) followed by Tinea corporis (30.11%). Most common fungal isolate was Trichophyton rubrum followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Thus, it was observed that although mycological culture gives a definitive diagnosis, it is time consuming. Conclusion: Combined use of KOH mount and culture growth should be used for proper and definitive diagnosis of dermatophytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a young 26-year-old Nigerian man who presented with a 3-year history of itchy skin lesions with centrifugal growth. The clinical diagnosis of tinea corporis was confirmed by direct microscopy and fungal culture of skin scrapings, with the identification of "Trichophyton rubrum." Treatment included terbinafine with the almost total disappearance of the lesions in three months leading to the replacement of terbinafine with fluconazole for an additional month.

Multidrug-resistant T. indotineae and its impact on the treatment of dermatophytosis TRB resistance rates ranging 17% to 75% and varying levels of ITC resistance up to 25% have been reported in I T i . I indotineae i strains exhibit alteration in the squalene epoxidase ( I SQLE i ) gene that confers high terbinafine (TRB) resistance [[3]-[5], [7], [10], [13]-[17], [19], [21], [25]-[28]]. Thus, appropriate dosage of TRB in treatment of dermatophytosis could prevent the usage of azole drugs and development of resistance against azole-based antifungal drugs. ITC remains the most effective antifungal for dermatophyte infections, with rising resistance to TRB. [Extracted from the article]

Dermatophytosis is themostcommontype of superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes. Occasionally, the fungus invades deep into the dermis or other tissues, causing deep dermatophytosis. Deep dermatophytosis is often associated with Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) deficiency in patients.Here,we report the first case of deep dermatophytosiswith a raremycosis fungoidesmanifestation caused by T. tonsurans in a patient with a novel mutation in exon 4 of CARD9. The condition presented with heterozygous K196E mutation, which leads to deficiency of innate and adaptive immune responses in the patient, and caused intractable severe lesions. The patient received treatmentwith multiple antifungal drugs and was ultimately alleviated by posaconazole. These findings extend the pathogen spectrum of deep dermatophytosis linked with CARD9 deficiency and enriched their phenotypic spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent fungal infections and a major public health problem worldwide. Recent years have seen a change in the epidemiological patterns of infecting fungi, corresponding to an alarming rise in the prevalence of drug-recalcitrant dermatophyte infections. In patients with diabetes mellitus, dermatophytosis is more severe and recurrent. The potency of promising new antifungal drugs in the pipeline must be expanded to include dermatophytosis. To facilitate this effort, we established a clinically pertinent mouse model of dermatophyte infections, in which diabetic mice were infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes on abraded skin. The diabetic mouse model was optimized as a simple and robust system for simulating dermatophytoses in diabetic patients. The outcome of infection was measured using clinical and mycological parameters. Infected mice with fungal lesions were treated with oral and topical formulations of terbinafine or topical administration of the FDA-approved and repurposed pan-antifungal drug alexidine dihydrochloride (AXD). In this model, AXD was found to be highly effective, with outcomes comparable to those of the standard of care drug terbinafine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annular lesions represent a distinct morphology which characterizes many well-known dermatologic conditions. Little is definitively known regarding the pathogenesis of annular lesions, however there a few well-regarded hypotheses. Lesions that clear centrally while enlarging peripherally may result from a local central tissue anergy, or tolerance. The central area in lesions due to dermatophyte infections or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous may have a central immunity to the antigen that trigged the lesion. The peripheral spread of inflammatory mediators may also contribute to lesions that expand centrifugally. In a highly active immune response, some of the inflammatory mediators may spread to adjacent tissue, which can propagate the inflammatory reaction. The additional hypotheses regarding pathogenesis are disease specific with individual mechanisms having been proposed. This chapter will describe both general and disease specific mechanisms that may contribute to the formation of annular lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India is witnessing an epidemic of dermatophytosis. The role of host immune response against fungi in chronicity and dissemination is topic of ongoing research. We conducted cross‐sectional comparative study to determine the difference in Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL4) response in serum and tissue between acute and localised vs. chronic and disseminated cases. Methods: Patients (18–60 years) were divided in two groups—group A (n = 114, BSA <5%, single anatomic site, duration <6 months, n = 118) and group B (n = 107 BSA >10%, > one anatomic site, duration >12 months, n = 118). Clinical parameters along with serum levels of IgE, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ and expression of IL4 and IFN‐γ in dermal infiltrate were compared between group. Results: Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex was commonest causative fungi. Serum levels of IgE were significantly higher (median A‐539.2, B‐2901.0, p <.001) whereas levels IL‐4(median A‐21.3, B‐20.4, p <.001) and IFN‐γ(median A‐9.6, B‐5.1, p <.001) were significantly lower in chronic cases. Expression of IL‐4 was observed in most biopsy specimens in both groups without any difference in intensity of staining. Expression of IFN‐γ was not detected in all but one specimen across both the groups. Severe itching (OR:0.050, CI:0.018, 0.139, p <.001), sign of topical steroid abuse (OR:0.203,CI:0.077, 0.537; p =.001), ↓IFN‐γ (OR:4.683, CI:1.634, 13.418; p =.004) correlated significantly and independently with chronic dermatophytosis. Conclusion: Our study shows chronic and disseminated cases of dermatophytosis differ immunologically in terms of higher IgE, and lower IL4 and IFN‐γ. Expression of IL4 is present in tissue of both acute, localised and chronic disseminated cases. Expression of IFN‐γ cannot be established in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatophytoses refers to superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue caused by keratinophilic dermatophytes. It is most common superficial cutaneous infection of stratum corneum affecting hair, nail, and skin. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to study the clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytic infection that are prevalent in this region. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 104 patients which included skin, nail, and hair samples after the detail history and examination of patients. The samples were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Further identification was done by microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of fungal pathogens. Results: A total of 104 cases were positive for dermatophytic infection. Among the dermatophytic infections, Tinea corporis (63.4%) was most common clinical type followed by Tinea cruris (18.3%). Males (66.3%) were affected more than females (33.6%) and the age group moset affected was 31-45 yrs (46.2%) followed by 16-30 yrs (32.7%) in the current study. Of all the dermatophyte isolates T.rubrum was the most common (77.4%) cause of infection, followed by T. mentagrophytes (12.7%). Conclusion: The present study reveals the varying trend in the incidence of dermatophyte species which is important to implement treatment regimens and to recommend control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various types of steroid preparations seen in our patient cohort were administered by unqualified medical professionals primarily for the patient's cutaneous disease, rather than for any suggestion of an underlying medical condition for which the steroid use could be justified. Clinical examination and biochemical derangement in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis were suggestive of iatrogenic hypercorticolism in 4 of 17 patients (23.5%); we referred these cases (Patients 12, 13, 15 and 17) to an endocrinologist for specialized management. A pilot study to evaluate the patient adherence to antifungal therapy in dermatophytosis: a possible contributory factor to the current epidemic-like situation in India. [Extracted from the article]

Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. Classification of many of these species has recently changed due to genetic analysis, potentially affecting clinical diagnosis and disease management. In this review, we discuss dermatophyte classification including name changes for medically important species, current and potential diagnostic techniques for detecting dermatophytes, and an in-depth review of Microsporum canis, a prevalent zoonotic dermatophyte. Fungal culture is still considered the "gold standard" for diagnosing dermatophytosis; however, modern molecular assays have overcome the main disadvantages of culture, allowing for tandem use with cultures. Further investigation into novel molecular assays for dermatophytosis is critical, especially for high-density populations where rapid diagnosis is essential for outbreak prevention. A frequently encountered dermatophyte in clinical settings is M. canis, which causes dermatophytosis in humans and cats. M. canis is adapting to its primary host (cats) as one of its mating types (MAT1-2) appears to be going extinct, leading to a loss of sexual reproduction. Investigating M. canis strains around the world can help elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of this fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep dermatophytosis is a dermal infection caused by Dermatophytes. It can cause deeper dermal dermatophytosis, Majocchi's granuloma, dermatophytic pseudomycetoma or a widespread infection. CARD9 deficiency is a known risk factor in the Mediterranean region, first reported in 1964 in Morocco. We report a case of 23-year-old man with a scarring alopecia who presented with subcutaneous abscesses topped off with a large ringworm infection. Mycotic analysis revealed a Trichophyton Rubrum deep dermatophytosis. The molecular study revealed a CARD9 mutation confirming dermatophytosis with parotid and lymph nodes involvement. The patient underwent successful drainage surgery of the abscesses alongside medical treatment including antifungal agents and he was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): K Shreya [1]; Young Denla [1]; Hemlata Panwar [2]; Dinesh P. Asati [1] Sir, A 35-year-old female presented with a painful erythematous annular plaque for 1 year. It initially [...]

The article in the Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health discusses a case of a 1-month-old female child with erythematous lesions on the chest and abdomen, which were initially misdiagnosed as tinea corporis. The mother of the child had systemic lupus erythematosus, and laboratory findings revealed positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) but negative anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. The diagnosis was cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus, confirmed by skin biopsy and immunofluorescence testing. [Extracted from the article]