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The perceptual Self-Prioritization effect (SPE) refers to an advantage in attending to stimuli associated with the self relative to those associated with another individual. In the perceptual matching task, arbitrary pairings between oneself and other persons, and a geometric shape need to be learned. Apart from the SPE, this task also produces high matching performance for a close other. While cognitive representations of past selves are sometimes viewed as resembling that of an intimate other, and while there is some evidence that other types of psychological closeness modulate the SPE, it remains unclear whether such prioritization effects extend to past selves. Previous experiments on this topic required participants to distinguish between different points in time within the same task, raising the possibility that potential past self-prioritization was masked by task difficulty. In our experiment, we addressed this potential confound by presenting N = 118 participants with a simpler version of the matching task. We re-investigated self-prioritization in perceptual matching under conditions of mental time travel to the past. In line with previous evidence, we found clear prioritization of present selves, which was evident in response times, accuracies and the efficiency of practice. Performance was consistently poorest for the past self, indicating not only a lack of privileged processing, but rather a relative de-prioritization. Performance was not improved by either increased proximity of the time period in question, nor by experimenter-induced re-imagining of the self. Our results do not support a perceptual prioritization of past selves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and personality traits of nurses on organizational citizenship behavior. The research universe consists of 150 nurses working at Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital. The survey method was used as a data collection tool in the research. In the study, "Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale", "A and B Type Personality Characteristics Scale" and "Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale" were used. When examined as a result of the research, it is seen that while there is a weak positive relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Emotional Intelligence of nurses, personality typologies are not in a significant relationship with both emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. However, it is seen that the personality typologies of nurses are in a positive relationship with self-oriented emotion evaluation and negative with others-oriented emotion evaluation, which is one of the sub-dimensions of the emotional intelligence scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a result of research about the student's radical intention related to their tolerance and personality type. The main research variable that is radical intention has a psychological construct that is theoretically built with a social approach and political point of view. As a big country, Indonesia has various pluralism i.e ethnic and religion, so that it requires a high tolerance attitude to live in a harmony. Students as the next generation and important elements in society are expected to avoid intolerance. The research subjects were 175 students from an Islamic university in Indonesia. The data were analyzed with Ordinal Regression which intention of radicalism (ordinal) as the dependent variable, personality type (nominal), and tolerance attitude level (ordinal) as independent variables. The majority of these students have good moral values so they can tolerate the difference. From the regression analysis, only a tolerance attitude has a significant effect on radicalism intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform mental rotations in many everyday situations, such as reading a map or following furniture assembling instructions. In a classical mental rotation task, participants are asked to judge whether a rotated stimulus is presented in its mirrored form or its canonical form. Previous results have indicated a degree effect: RT is longer as the angle of rotation increases, and this effect is traditionally explained by arguing that this judgment requires rotating the stimulus back to its upright form. Importantly, in half of the trials, the stimuli are rotated on both the page plane and mirror plane. Namely, we argue that in previous research the task actually involved two different rotation processes. To provide a clear dissociation between these two rotations, we collected EEG data and used the Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) as an indicator of visual working memory (VWM) load. The results of Experiment 1 suggested different VWM involvement according to the degrees rotations when the item was not mirrored, such that the CDA amplitude generally increased as the degree of rotation was higher. Mirrored trials were all at ceiling in terms of CDA, regardless of their rotation degree. Experiment 2 showed increased CDA amplitude uniquely related to the flip rotation. Thus, we provided ERP evidence that the canonical mental rotation task involves two types of rotations that can be dissociated based on the load they imposed on VWM. We demonstrated that the mental rotation task involves at least two different types of mental rotations, that can be distinguished by how they tax visual working memory. We recommend that these rotations should be analyzed separately in future mental rotation analyses. Additionally, we have shown that the contralateral delay activity component reflects rotation difficulty when processing just one item. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prior research on social movements and markets has thus far paid only scant attention to movement goals. In the few instances that goals are considered, the focus is on how goals provide a shared purpose to movement participants, and not on their substantive nature or 'content'. In contrast, our review of the movements and markets literature suggests that the substantive nature of movement goals is critical because it provides a more comprehensive understanding of different market-based movements and their interactions with market actors -- ultimately impacting the consequences for movements and their targets. We develop a social movement typology using a goals-based perspective to distinguish between three types of movement: alteration movements, whose goal is to alter or change the practices of markets or their actors; creation movements whose goal is to create new market categories as a means of addressing their grievances; and elimination movements whose goal is to eradicate or remove products, industries, or markets altogether. We propose that the relationship between these types of movement and market actors goes through a four-stage life cycle -- emergence, action, interaction and settlement -- and that initial variation in movement goals shapes differences in the movement--market relationship at each stage of this life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of social media services has led to an increase of personality-relevant data in online spaces. While the majority of people who use these services tend to express their personality through measures offered by the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), another personality model known as the Big Five has been a dominant paradigm in academic works that deal with personality research. In this paper, we seek to bridge the gap between the MBTI, Big Five and another personality model known as the Enneagram of Personality, with the goal of increasing the amount of resources for the Big Five model. We further explore the relationship that was previously reported between the MBTI types and certain Big Five traits as well as test for the presence of a similar relationship between Enneagram and Big Five measures. We propose a new method relying on psycholingusitc features selected based on their relationship with the MBTI model. This approach showed the best performance through our experiments and led to an increase of up to 3% in automatic personality recognition for Big Five traits on the per-trait level. Our detailed experimentation offers further insight into the nature of personality and into how well it translates between different personality models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing complexity and dynamism of the modern work experience, the importance of the psychological contract has become increasingly clear. Organizations and researchers alike have recognized the implications of this contract for employee performance, satisfaction and well-being. However, certain work contexts can increase psychosocial risks, making it crucial to investigate the individual and contextual characteristics that can promote well-being and mitigate risks. In this study, we examined the impact of psychological contract types and task repetitiveness on organizational commitment among call center employees. By conducting a cross-sectional study involving 201 call center employees working in-person and administering an ad hoc questionnaire, we aimed to enrich the scientific literature on the psychological contract and its implications for the call center work environment. Our findings revealed that a transactional psychological contract has a negative impact on affective and normative commitment, potentially undermining employees' sense of obligation and responsibility towards these organizations. To promote healthy work relationships and well-being among call center employees, we suggest the importance of a relational psychological contract. By highlighting the role of psychological contract types in organizational commitment, our study offers valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child maltreatment is a pervasive public health problem. Evidence from numerous studies suggests that child maltreatment leads to both short-term and long-term detrimental effects. However, only few studies investigated the differential effects of specific child maltreatment types on mental health. In the current study, we aimed to detect the frequency of child maltreatment and determine specific associations of different types of child maltreatment with risk-taking behavior and self-esteem among college students. A total of 421 university students from Turkey aged between 18 and 26 years (Mage = 21.16, SD = 1.79) participated in the study. Among the participants, 323 (76.7%) were females. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Risk-taking Behavior Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale were used to assess childhood maltreatment, risk-taking behavior, and self-esteem, respectively. In total, 58.7% (n = 247) of the participants reported experiencing at least one type of child maltreatment throughout their childhood. Moreover, a path analysis showed that emotional abuse (β = -0.23, p <.001) and emotional neglect (β = -0.28, p <.001) were negatively associated with self-esteem, whereas sexual abuse (β = 0.16, t = 3.37, p <.001) was positively linked with risk-taking behavior after controlling for other types of childhood maltreatment and sociodemographic variables. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the unique associations and effects of childhood maltreatment on self-esteem and risk-taking behavior. Prevention and intervention efforts should consider these potential impacts of specific childhood maltreatment types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Data on the association between Type D personality, its traits negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary outpatients is sparse. Furthermore, the associations between Type D subgroups and cardiovascular risk factors are largely unknown. Methods: We investigated i) Type D personality, NA and SI and risk of recurrent MACE, and ii) the relationship between Type D subgroups and risk factors in a coronary population. This prospective cohort study included 1083 patients' median 16 months after a myocardial infarction and/or a revascularization procedure who were followed-up for 4.2 (SD 0.4) years. Type D personality was assessed by DS14. Anxiety and depression, statin adherence, and risk factors were assessed by patients' self-report and a clinical examination with blood samples. MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke or heart failure, were obtained from hospital records from index event to end of study lasting 5.7years. Data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: In all, 352 MACE occurred in 230 patients after average 4.2 years follow-up. Higher NA score was associated with MACE after adjustment for age, risk factors and comorbidity (HR 1.02 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas we found a weaker, not statistically significant estimated effect of higher SI score. After additional adjustment for symptoms of anxiety and depression, we found a weaker, not statistically significant association between NA and MACE (HR 1.01 per unit increase, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Low statin adherence and smoking were more prevalent in the Type D and high NA group. Discussion: Our results indicate that the NA trait is related to worse prognosis in outpatients with coronary artery disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respondents select the type of psychological studies that they want to participate in consistence with their needs and individual characteristics, which creates an unintentional self-selection bias. The question remains whether participants attracted by psychological studies may have more psychological dysfunctions related to personality and affective disorders compared to the general population. We investigated (N = 947; 62% women) whether the type of the invitation (to talk about recent critical or regular life events) or the source of the data (either face-to-face or online) attracts people with different psychopathology. Most importantly, participants who alone applied to take part in paid psychological studies had more symptoms of personality disorders than those who had never before applied to take part in psychological studies. The current results strongly translate into a recommendation for either the modification of recruitment strategies or much greater caution when generalizing results for this methodological reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic intelligence is associated with a distinct type of mental abilities and basic skills that individuals ،especially leaders ،need ،which allows them to think comprehensively and systemically regarding their institution future.the aim of the current paper is to identify the reality of practicing strategic Intelligence dimensions among staff and administrators in crisis management units at Assiut university .Also ،the current paper has attemped to come up with a suggested proposal to develop crisis management units in Egyptian universities (Assiut University as a model) in the light of strategic intelligence approach. The current research has used the descriptive approach ،and the study tool is represented in a questionnaire consisting of five axes (foresight; prospective vision; systems thinking; motivation; partnerships and alliances) ، and it is applied on a representative sample from crisis and disaster units boards of directors from faculty members (n = 36) and administrators (n = 21) in some theoretical and practical faculties at Assiut University. The results of the study have revealed that the degree of practicing strategic intelligence dimensions as a whole came with a medium degree for both staff and administrators with relative weight ( ،64 / ،55) respectively. As for the sample of staff ،the first dimension "Foresight the future" ranked first with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،69) ،while the second dimension "peospective vision" came in the last rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،59) . As for the administrators sample ،the fourth dimension "Motivation" came in the first rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،62) ،and the second dimension "prospective Vision" came in the last rank with a medium degree and a relative weight ( ،50). In the light of literature review and field study findings ،the current study presented a suggested proposal to develop crisis management units in Egyptian universities (Assiut University as a model) in the light of the strategic intelligence approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal personality traits are sometimes linked to an individual's degree of plasticity, with certain personality types being more plastic than others. In territorial species, consistently high levels of aggression might increase the risk of harmful fights, while consistently low aggression might lead to the loss of a territory. Consequently, reacting plastically with an appropriate territorial response should be beneficial to avoid these risks. An integrative investigation of both personality traits and plasticity can help us better understand the dynamics of aggressive interactions during male-male competition. Here, we used a free-ranging Neotropical poison frog population to investigate the role of plasticity in male territorial aggression towards intruders. We conducted repeated standardized territorial intrusion experiments mimicking frogs of different body sizes via playback calls with different peak frequencies. We found individual repeatability for the latency to reach and approach a simulated intruder and observed that both aggressive and less aggressive males decreased their level of aggression towards big intruders. However, our results do not support a correlation between personality and plasticity in the context of male territory defense during the breeding season. We discuss how such a correlation between personality and plasticity might be conditional on the costs and benefits across contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic diseases, because of insidious onset and long latent period, have become the major global disease burden. However, the current chronic disease diagnosis methods based on genetic markers or imaging analysis are challenging to promote completely due to high costs and cannot reach universality and popularization. This study analyzed massive data from routine blood and biochemical test of 32 448 patients and developed a novel framework for cost-effective chronic disease prediction with high accuracy (AUC 87.32%). Based on the best-performing XGBoost algorithm, 20 classification models were further constructed for 17 types of chronic diseases, including 9 types of cancers, 5 types of cardiovascular diseases and 3 types of mental illness. The highest accuracy of the model was 90.13% for cardia cancer, and the lowest was 76.38% for rectal cancer. The model interpretation with the SHAP algorithm showed that CREA, R-CV, GLU and NEUT% might be important indices to identify the most chronic diseases. PDW and R-CV are also discovered to be crucial indices in classifying the three types of chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental illness). In addition, R-CV has a higher specificity for cancer, ALP for cardiovascular disease and GLU for mental illness. The association between chronic diseases was further revealed. At last, we build a user-friendly explainable machine-learning-based clinical decision support system (DisPioneer: http://bioinfor.imu.edu.cn/dispioneer) to assist in predicting, classifying and treating chronic diseases. This cost-effective work with simple blood tests will benefit more people and motivate clinical implementation and further investigation of chronic diseases prevention and surveillance program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The five-factor model (FFM), a popular personality typology that identifies five key personality traits, has been used to predict use intention in various e-commerce applications, but the role of FFM in triggering certain evaluations of the various quality dimensions of e-commerce websites has not been examined, revealing a gap, i.e. the authors do not know how the five personality traits impact evaluations of the quality dimensions of e-commerce websites. The 3Q model—which comprises system quality (SysQ), information quality (IQ), and service quality (SQ), spanning 13 quality dimensions—is helpful for evaluating website quality, but the model neglects user characteristics and their impacts on quality evaluation, posing another gap, i.e. the authors do not know how user characteristics impact the user's evaluation of quality dimensions. Thus, the authors used the FFM to extend the 3Q model to explain how user personality predicts the evaluation of websites in the 13 quality dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used an online survey to collect responses from 392 online shoppers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The authors found that openness in a shopper predicts their favorable evaluation of a website in the quality dimensions of format and flexibility; conscientiousness predicts favorable evaluation in terms of completeness, accuracy, currency, timeliness, and service reliability; neuroticism predicts unfavorable evaluation in terms of reliability, accessibility, and assurance; and extraversion predicts favorable evaluation in terms of responsiveness; while agreeableness did not predict empathy. Originality/value: In sum, the authors successfully used the FFM to theoretically extend the 3Q model, which clarifies the usefulness and pathways of personality in formulating strategies for e-commerce success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This umbrella review is the first to systematically examine psychological trauma as a transdiagnostic risk factor across psychiatric conditions. We searched Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycNET databases from inception until 01/05/2021 for systematic reviews/meta-analyses evaluating the association between psychological trauma and at least one diagnosed mental disorder. We re-calculated the odds ratio (OR), then classified the association as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak, based on the number of cases and controls with and without psychological trauma, random-effects p value, the 95% confidence interval of the largest study, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small-study effect, and excess significance bias. Additional outcomes were the association between specific trauma types and specific mental disorders, and a sensitivity analysis for childhood trauma. Transdiagnosticity was assessed using TRANSD criteria. The review was pre-registered in Prospero CRD42020157308 and followed PRISMA/MOOSE guidelines. Fourteen reviews met inclusion criteria, comprising 16,277 cases and 77,586 controls. Psychological trauma met TRANSD criteria as a transdiagnostic factor across different diagnostic criteria and spectra. There was highly suggestive evidence of an association between psychological trauma at any time-point and any mental disorder (OR = 2.92) and between childhood trauma and any mental disorder (OR = 2.90). Regarding specific trauma types, convincing evidence linked physical abuse (OR = 2.36) and highly suggestive evidence linked sexual abuse (OR = 3.47) with a range of mental disorders, and convincing evidence linked emotional abuse to anxiety disorders (OR = 3.05); there were no data for emotional abuse with other disorders. These findings highlight the importance of preventing early traumatic events and providing trauma-informed care in early intervention and psychiatric services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality Systems Interactions (PSI) theory explains differences in personality based on the properties of four cognitive systems—object recognition (OR), intuitive behaviour (IB), intention memory (IM) and extension memory (EM). Each system is associated with characteristic modes of perception and behaviour, so personality is determined by which systems are primarily active. According to PSI theory, the activities of the cognitive systems are regulated by positive and negative affect (reward and punishment). Thus, differences in personality ultimately emerge from four parameters—the sensitivities of up- or downregulating positive and negative affect. The complex interactions of affect and cognitive systems have been represented in a mathematical model based on a system of differential equations. In this study, the environment of a person represented by the mathematical model is modelled by a time series of perturbations with positive and negative affect that are generated by a stochastic process. Comparing the average activities of the cognitive systems for different parameter sets exposed to the same time series of affect perturbations, we observe that different dominant cognitive systems emerge. This demonstrates that different sensitivities for positive and negative affect lead to different modes of cognition and, thus, to different personality types such as agreeable, conscientious, self-determined or independent. Varying the relative frequencies of negative and positive affect perturbations reveals that the average activities of all cognitive systems respond linearly. This observation enables us to predict that conscientious and independent personalities benefit from increased exposure to positive affect, whereas agreeable and self-determined personalities achieve a better balance of their cognitive systems by increased negative affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Holland asserts that most people are one of the six personality types such as realistic, social, investigative, entrepreneurial, traditional, and artistic. Moreover, he claims that personality is an important factor in career choice, career success, and satisfaction. According to his theory of career choice, people's careers are determined by the interaction between their personality and their environment. The theory points out that people prefer jobs surrounded by others who are like them. It also states that people seek environments that allow them not only to use their skills and abilities but also to express their attitudes and values. On the other hand, people from different professions express their thoughts through Online Social Networks (OSNs). They use social media to express themselves, discuss their interests, connect with friends, and grow their careers. Every day we witness the same person criticizing events in different expertise, such as political events, economic events, etc. Moreover, OSNs connect individuals with like-minded interests and let them share their thoughts, feelings, insights, and emotions. Herein, the reflection of people's profession on OSNs was examined. Inspired by John Holland's theory of career choice, the consistency of personality and work environment would be determined from which an individual's personality can be inferred. In the study, tweets from four different professions: businessman, politician, sportsman, and actor were used to examine whether they are related to the profession. We developed two models using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks and Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Networks. The former received macro average accuracy of 94.025% while the latter received 93.025%. According to the simulation results, the proposed models sound and are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploratory behaviour is one of the best-investigated behavioural traits. However, little is known about the influence of personality on novel food preferences in the social context, i.e., whether knowledge and previous experience can influence individual preference or if the presence of conspecifics can alter their choice. In the present study, we examined in cinereous tit (Parus cinereus) whether individuals with different personality types in the social context will prefer their own previously chosen novel food or change their preference in the presence of conspecifics. Second, we studied how the presence and behaviour of conspecifics may mediate individual personality. We conducted a standardized personality assay (exploratory behaviour) to analyse the individual personality. Birds were trained and provided with three different types of novel human-derived materials in both asocial and social contexts (with a conspecific). We recorded the latency to feed, time spent at the feeder, and the number of visits by fast and slow explorers in the two contexts, i.e., asocial and social. After the analyses of experimental data, we found that fast-exploring cinereous tits preferred peanuts in an asocial context, while slow explorers consumed a greater amount of sunflower seeds. In the social context, individuals of both personality types preferred peanuts to sunflower seeds. Additionally, individuals took less latency to eat food, made more visits to the feeder, and spent more time at the feeder in the social context than in the asocial context. Our findings show that foraging success may be determined by personality and social context. However, personality traits may be subject to constraints arising from correlations with other behavioural traits, and it remains a major challenge to understand the functional significance of individual foraging strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental variation plays a key role in the evolution and maintenance of animal personality. Individuals with different personality types might exhibit different habitat preferences. Alternatively, variation in individual behaviour across space could arise as a plastic adaptation to distinct habitats. Our study aims to investigate if habitat choice is influenced by an individual's personality. We assessed individual levels of activity, boldness, and exploration in male poison frogs, and performed a habitat choice test under controlled laboratory conditions. Individuals were consistent in their behaviours, but all tested frogs chose the complex over the simple habitat. Individuals that were characterized as bold and very explorative also showed more movements between the two different habitats in the choice test. These results indicate that personality measured in a highly standardized artificial setup, such as a novel environment test, indeed can reflect boldness and exploration related behaviours measured in a more naturalistic setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality subtypes and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at night are recognized predictors of cardiovascular disease among social media users. Healthy individuals (n=88, 77% female, 31% African American) were surveyed using the Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (MTUAS). Demographics, 24-hours SBP, and personality types (e.g., introvert, extravert, and blended) were used. Personality (B= 5.37, t= 2.86, p=.005) significantly predicted elevated SBP in social media users (r2= .157, F(4, 72)=3.37, p=.014). There was a significant gradient increase in nighttime SBP by personality [introvert (M=100, SD=2.1), extrovert (M=102, SD=1.7), and blended (M=111, SD=4.4); all ps.<0.05]. Negative attitudes toward using technology (B= -5.093, t= -2.390, p= .019) also significantly predicted elevated overnight SBP. Higher anxiety/dependence with mobile phones (B=.400, t= 2.49, p=.019) significantly predicted elevated nighttime SBP [r2 = 0.342 F(4, 27) = 3.505, p=.020]. Our findings indicate that a blended personality type and anxiety due to separation from or dependence on a mobile phone or internet use elevate SBP at night, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research examines how the type of money (cash vs. digital) affects consumers' perceived purchasing power (PPP) of the money and the mediating mechanisms of psychological ownership and psychological distance. Three lab experiments confirm that cash results in higher PPP than does digital money, and that both psychological ownership and psychological distance contribute to the effect of money type on PPP. Our findings provide theoretical implications for the psychological research on the type of money and its influence and practical implications for e-payment and online shopping behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathy (P) is considered to be an important clinical/forensic personality trait, which has recently received renewed attention due to research about the so-called dark triad (D3). Several authors assume P to be adaptive in certain "niches" of life, e.g. the workplace. P is generally thought to be a dimensional construct and not categorical. However in our exploratory study, we aimed to identify possible types on the trait psychopathy and examine if these types differed meaningfully in several domains of successful behavior. To identify possible P-types we measured psychopathy in a medium-sized sample from universities and the general population by using the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Forth Edition (SRP-4). We conducted cluster analyses on the basis of the SRP-4-facets (interpersonal, affective, lifestyle and anti-social) and identified five "psychopathy-types". We compared the five P-types in regard to desirable psychological variables (e.g. cognitive ability, life satisfaction) and self-reported domains of success (social, leisure, academic, professional). Our analyses did not reveal any considerable differences between the types. The results do not support the notion that examining psychopathy by using a typological approach is a promising direction of research and also indicate that variants of psychopathy appear to be neither adaptive nor maladaptive in crucial aspects of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gumushane Universty Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Communication / Gümüshane Üniversitesi Iletisim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi is the property of Gumushane Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-GIFDER) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Getting Along: How To Work With Anyone (Even Difficult People)" by Amy Gallo is a book that provides insights and strategies for building interpersonal resilience and effectively working with different personality types. The book is divided into three parts: laying the groundwork for getting along, exploring different archetypes of difficult people, and protecting oneself in challenging situations. Gallo shares personal experiences and offers practical advice on communication, empathy, and understanding. The book is recommended for anyone looking to improve their communication skills and create a more productive work environment. [Extracted from the article]

Musings of British mathematician and logician Augustus de Morgan (1806-1871) provide a light-hearted look at particular types of character that inhabit the world of mathematics and places around it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we were working with this patient, whom we named Damien, we were working in a psychiatric clinic where patients are hospitalized for several months or even years. Binswanger ran a sanatorium in Switzerland (the Bellevue Clinic) and took in patients suffering from this type of psychological pathology. The aim of the article was to present how the encounter in psychodrama can act, how it is constitutive of the self for a psychotic patient, and how it is essential to relaunch a blocked existence. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides an update on three personality assessment tools: the Mettl Personality Map (MPM), the Adaptive Employee Personality Test (ADEPT-15), and the Type Dimensions Profiler (TDP). The MPM is an online measure of personality for use in occupational settings, with 28 traits across four factors. The ADEPT-15 is an online adaptive assessment measuring 15 personality traits grouped into six higher-order styles. The TDP is a measure of personality type based on Jungian preferences. Each tool has its own unique features and can be accessed online. [Extracted from the article]

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders with symptoms of chronic abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements. Although the cause of this disorder is not known, psychological factors have been reported among the most important causes of IBS. This research was conducted to test and compare the structural relationship model of type D personality and depression with the mediating role of cognitive distortions and family functioning in patients with IBS and healthy people. Furthermore, we compared the mediational model across levels of grouping variable (IBS and healthy groups). The research method was descriptive and correlational and the sample included 236 healthy citizens, aged 20–60 years old (130 females and 100 males), who were selected by stratified random sampling method and 236 citizens with IBS, aged 20–60 years old (177 females and 59 males), who were selected by purposeful sampling method. The research participants responded to Beck Depression Inventory-short form (BDI-13), Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion Scale (ICDS), Family Functioning Assessment Device (FAD), and IBS Symptom Index questionnaire based on ROME III criterion. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that the model proposed in this research has an acceptable fit in both groups. Also, according to the results, cognitive distortion and family functioning play a mediating role in the relationship between type D personality and depression. In the case of comparing the mediational model across levels of grouping variable (IBS and healthy groups), we concluded that all paths are not different across the two models. In general, the findings of this study can be specifically applied by counselors and psychotherapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has been done to examine how different personality traits (both "positive" and less desirable attributes) contribute to various aspects of creativity from a domain-specific point of view. The present study thus aimed to investigate the relationships between two types of personality traits (the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits) and three types of indicators of creativity (divergent thinking, creative activities, and creative achievements) among 559 university-level Chinese students. Results indicated that Openness served as a common core of both creative potential (divergent thinking) and real-life creativity (creative activities and achievements) at almost all levels and domains. Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were found to be significant predictors of real-life creativity in specific domains and levels (i.e., literature and sports). No significant relationship was found between Neuroticism and any indicator of creativity after controlling for the other Big Five traits. Compared to the Big Five traits, the Dark Triad traits had limited influence on creativity, with only Machiavellianism being a significant and positive predictor of literary and performance activities, and Narcissism being a significant and positive predictor of originality. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first milestone and the foundation in every architect's life is architectural education. As creativity is the core of successful architecture, focusing on its development in the pedagogical years would enhance every architect's future career. Architectural education tends to give a one-size-fits-all approach to educating architects and helping with their creative potential, which neglects the students' different levels of creativity along with their personalities' individuality. This study aims to enhance each architect's architectural pedagogical experience by acknowledging the student's personality and creativity level which would help tailor a customized experience that would develop their full potential. This will be achieved by examining the relationship between personality types and creativity through the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT). The study is employed in the Architecture Department, Alexandria University - Egypt, where questionnaires were distributed to first- and second-year students along with design projects to be assessed by Architectural Department professors. Responses were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square analysis with Fisher's exact test. The results indicated a strong connection between Intuition / Sensing and the creativity of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This three-wave study examined whether the pattern of associations of job demands and job resources with work engagement and mental health depends on personality types. In a representative sample of the German workforce (N = 13,665), the Big Five personality traits could be used to cluster participants into five personality types: ordinary, resilient, strained, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. As predicted, job demands were associated with mental health and job resources were primarily associated with work engagement. However, these relationships differed across personality types. We conclude that research and practice could take a more personality-driven stance towards employee perceptions of job demands and job resources and their associations with work engagement and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most individuals, changes occurring during the aging process may cause dissatisfaction and concerns regarding body image, with implications on quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of sociodemographic and psychological variables and the type of anti‐aging products/treatments on men's QoL, as well as to evaluate the moderating role of aging perceptions in the relationship between psychological morbidity and QoL. This study used a cross‐sectional design and included a sample of 111 male participants who used anti‐aging cosmetic products/aesthetic treatments. Participants were assessed on body image, self‐esteem, psychological morbidity, aging perceptions, traits of perfectionism, and QoL. Results suggested that psychological morbidity and perceptions of the aging process as chronic negatively contributed to QoL, and emotional representations of aging moderated the relationship between psychological morbidity and QoL. According to the findings, psychological intervention programs to improve QoL should focus on men with higher levels of psychological morbidity and more negative emotional responses to the aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, people have started to spend more and more time using the Internet, which has a crucial impact on people's lives. Individual personality type is often the main factor dictating the various behaviors that people carry out, and it dominates their activities when socializing, communicating, and making choices in the virtual world. This study is dedicated to uncovering how the six dimensions of personality traits relate to players' in-game behavior. This research is divided into two studies. Study 1 uses the K-means method to classify players in "Clash of Kings", an online strategy video game, according to their activities. Using apriori algorithm, this research analyzes the correlation between in-game behavior and personality. In Study 2, the correlations are validated. In conclusion, not all personality traits are related to in-game behaviors. Players with high extraversion demonstrate more killings and attacks in games. Conscientiousness is negatively related to deaths. Emotionality shows strong extremes. The highest or lowest emotionality scores are associated with killings and attacks, while players with moderate emotionality will behave irregularly. Honesty/humility, agreeableness, and openness to experience are not predictive of in-game behaviors. For game manufacturers, players' personality traits can be inferred through their corresponding in-game behaviors, to use in order to carry out targeted promotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aphantasia, a recently labelled spectrum condition affecting mental imagery, has brought to the fore the centrality of imagination in our lives. Intuitively it may seem that we cannot have a normal life without the possession of imaginative abilities. Yet, aphantasics do not seem to be much affected by their condition. Can aphantasia tell us anything about the nature and role of our imaginative abilities? I contend that an important distinction that can shed light on this question has been largely overlooked, namely that between two senses of mental imagery: as a type of mental content (viz., mental imagery strictly speaking), and as a kind of psychological attitude (viz., sensory imagination). Drawing on this distinction, I suggest three possible conditions: (i) impairment in mental imagery only, (ii) impairment in sensory imagination only, (iii) impairment in both mental imagery and sensory imagination. I show that core cases of aphantasia are better understood as impairments in sensory imagination only, but I indicate empirical strategies to investigate whether some cases of aphantasia rather involve impairments in mental imagery, which would point toward a plurality of forms of aphantasia. Sensory imagination, however, does not exhaust the imaginative realm, therefore we shouldn't jump to the hasty conclusion that aphantasics have no imagination. Most aphantasics lack sensory imagination, but arguably can exploit other forms of imagination. This would explain in which sense they still possess imaginative abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent agents have great potential as facilitators of group conversation among older adults. However, little is known about how to design agents for this purpose and user group, especially in terms of agent embodiment. To this end, we conducted a mixed methods study of older adults' reactions to voice and body in a group conversation facilitation agent. Two agent forms with the same underlying artificial intelligence (AI) and voice system were compared: a humanoid robot and a voice assistant. One preliminary study (total n = 24) and one experimental study comparing voice and body morphologies (n = 36) were conducted with older adults and an experienced human facilitator. Findings revealed that the artificiality of the agent, regardless of its form, was beneficial for the socially uncomfortable task of conversation facilitation. Even so, talkative personality types had a poorer experience with the "bodied" robot version. Design implications and supplementary reactions, especially to agent voice, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social groups often consist of diverse phenotypes, including personality types, and this diversity is known to affect the functioning of the group as a whole. Social selection theory proposes that group composition (i.e. social environment) also influences the performance of individual group members. However, the effect of group behavioural composition on group members remains largely unexplored, and it is still contentious whether individuals benefit more in a social environment with homogeneous or diverse behavioural composition. We experimentally formed groups of house sparrows Passer domesticus with high and low diversity of personality (exploratory behaviour), and found that their physiological state (body condition, physiological stress and oxidative damage) improved with increasing group-level diversity of personality. These findings demonstrate that group personality composition affects the condition of group members and individuals benefit from social heterosis (i.e. associating with a diverse set of behavioural types). This aspect of the social life can play a key role in affiliation rules of social animals and might explain the evolutionary coexistence of different personalities in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The introduction of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of this disease. Although regular TKI intake is a prerequisite for successful therapy, it has been shown that a significant proportion of patients are non-compliant. Recently there is growing evidence that personality traits may influenced the tendency for non-adherence to treatment in patients with chronic diseases. As far as we know, such a relationship in patients with CML has not been examined, yet. The aim of our study was to determine if personality traits favor non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We investigated the relationship between five-factor model personality factors (conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness) and medication non-adherence. We also checked if the patients with type A and type D personality, were at higher risk of poor medication adherence. Methods: The following tools were used: self-constructed survey, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Framingham Type A Scale, the D-Scale 14. The study included 140 CML patients treated with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. Results: 39% of patients reported skipping at least one dose of medication in the month prior to follow-up visit. 51% admitted to skipping such doses from the start of their treatment to the time at which our assessment was performed. We did not find any relationship between the mean values of the analyzed factors of the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and adherence. However, our analysis revealed that CML patients who admitted to missing doses of drugs during the entire course of treatment demonstrated greater intensity of type A personality traits (p = 0.020). Regarding both factors of type D personality, it was revealed that higher level of negative affectivity significantly decreased the adherence (p = 0.020). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that screening for type D and A personalities may help to identify patients who are at higher risk of poor medication adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Competency-oriented medical education has become a global trend. However, most current studies focus on the independent effects of various competencies and lack an examination of the combined effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the competency configurations of excellent pediatric residents and general pediatric residents and to provide a scientific reference for the talent training and career development of pediatric residents. Methods: Behavioral event interviews were conducted with 23 pediatric residents at a children's hospital in Beijing in July and August 2019. Two researchers coded the interview data to summarize the competency of pediatric residents. The research group scored the performance of 23 pediatric residents in various aspects of competency and used the crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the competency configurations of excellent pediatric residents and general pediatric residents. Results: This study concludes that pediatric residents should have six core competencies: professional spirit, clinical skills, communication ability, learning ability, mental capacity and research ability. There are 4 combinations of competencies for becoming an excellent pediatric resident: the clinical type, scientific research type, all-around development type and high emotional intelligence type. In addition, there are 3 combinations of competencies for becoming a general pediatric resident: the comprehensive ability deficiency type, lack of professionalism and mental capacity type, lack of communication ability type. Conclusions: There are differences in competence between excellent and general pediatric residents. Excellent pediatric residents do not need to possess all competencies but should specialize in clinical practice, scientific research or communication skills. This study suggests that training in mental capacity, professional spirit and communication ability should be strengthened during pediatric resident training. Pediatric residents should make career development plans according to their actual situation, and hospitals should arrange suitable positions according to the characteristics of pediatric residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying can be very stressful leading to a decreased academic efficacy. In this exploratory longitudinal study, we analysed a wide range of students' leisure activities and their effects on students' academic efficacy. Further, we identified the personality types of students who choose specific leisure activities as a strategy to stress reduction and determined how the use of leisure behaviours affects academic performance among students with different personality types. Students were asked about their personality (Neo-FFI), leisure time behaviour (self-generated items), and academic efficacy (MBI-SS) at three measurement points. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to estimate the moderation effects. In total, 331 students were included in the study. Social activities were found to have a direct effect on academic efficacy. The students' personality moderated the effects of leisure behaviour on efficacy, suggesting a negative effect on academic efficacy for some personality traits. Since our results suggest that the effectiveness of stress management through the use of leisure behaviour depends on the students' personality, universities offering stress management services should pay attention to precise targeting to attract the specific students who might benefit the most from the offered services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animals have to develop novel behaviours to adapt to anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. Fishing vessels constitute a recent feature that attracts albatrosses in large numbers. While they provide a valuable food source through offal and bait, they cause mortalities through bycatch, such that selection on vessel attraction will depend on the cost–benefit balance. We examine whether attraction to fishing and other vessels changes through the lifetime of great albatrosses, and show that attraction differed between age classes, sexes and personality. Juveniles encountered fewer vessels than adults, but also showed a lower attraction to vessels when encountered. Attraction rates, especially for fishing vessels, increased through immaturity to peak during adulthood, decreasing with old age. Shy females had lower attraction to vessels and shy males remained at vessels longer, suggesting that bolder individuals may outcompete shyer ones, with positive consequences for mass gain. These results suggest that attraction to vessels is a learned process, leading to an increase with age, and is not the result of preferential attraction to new objects by juveniles. Overall, our findings have important conservation implications as a result of potential strong differential selection on the risk of bycatch for age classes, personality types, populations and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While personality traits play a crucial role in a person's general affect, passion for an activity has been shown to partially mediate this relationship, with harmonious passion generally related to positive affect and obsessive passion to negative affect. However, activities are not all the same with some characterized as having "positive" consequences while others as having "negative" consequences. This study examines how passions manifest for two popular activities: physical exercise, an activity with in general "positive" consequences, and social media, an activity with potentially both "positive" and "negative" consequences. We replicate and extend earlier studies which have relied on baskets of heterogenous self-reported activities without distinguishing between activities. We find that, when fully controlling for personality, obsessive passion for physical exercise is positively associated with positive affect while obsessive passion for social media is positively associated with negative affect. However, harmonious passion for either activity has no significant association with any affect. Further, we find that passions for physical exercise relate with conscientiousness while passions for social media with neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study demonstrated that infection prevention behaviors can be divided into six types characterized by health literacy. This study examined the effects of differences among these types on physical and mental health, daily life problems, and vaccination behavior. The participants（ N＝3,000, 558 men and 442 women, Mean age 52.53±15.75 years） responded to a questionnaire survey in January 2021. The results indicated that the different characteristics of each segment in terms of their impact on physical health, mental health and real-life impacts. Three segments were identified as high-risk for promoting infection prevention behaviors. The "Overvigilance/social defense" factor delayed the detection of severe illnesses by curtailing hospital visits, which could exacerbate future health risks. Moreover, the" Threat denial" and the" Optimism/affinity for false rumors" factor decreased infection prevention behaviors by failing to encourage vaccination and interfering with related health behaviors. We have discussed the need to avoid excessive messaging when information is presented repeatedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type D personality is characterized by social inhibition and negative affectivity. Poorer outcomes and worse quality of life have been linked to type D personality in patients with a variety of non-dermatological diseases. Despite increasing evidence of the importance of type D personality in skin diseases, there are no reviews on this subject. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding type D personality and skin diseases. A systematic search was performed using Medline and Web of Science databases from inception to 11 October 2022. Studies addressing the presence of type D personality, its associated factors, its impact on the outcomes of the disease or the quality of life of the patients were included in the systematic review. A total of 20 studies, including 3,124 participants, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, melanoma, atopic dermatitis, chronic spontaneous urticaria and pruritic disorders were the main diseases assessed. Type D personality was more frequent among patients with skin diseases than among controls. Type D personality was found to be associated with poorer quality of life and higher rates of psychological comorbidities in patients with skin diseases. In conclusion, type D personality appears to be a marker of patients with increased risk of poorer quality of life and higher rates of psychological comorbidities. Screening for type D personality in specialized dermatology units might be beneficial to identify patients who are more psychologically vulnerable to the consequences of chronic skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]