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Pektin merupakan asam poligalakturonat bermuatan negatif yang dapat bereaksi dengan makromolekul bermuatan positif, hal ini membuat pektin dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben. Pada sel tumbuhan, pektin merupakan penyusun lamela tengah, lapisan penyusun awal dinding sel, dan umumnya terdapat pada lapisan dalam kulit buah. Pada penelitian ini, memanfaatkan pektin yang terkandung pada kulit semangka sebagai biosorben logam berat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yang pertama adalah ekstraksi pektin kulit semangka, yang kedua adalah analisis kadar pektin dan yang ketiga adalah aplikasi pektin sebagai biosorben logam berat timbal. Proses adsorpsi oleh biosorben dilakukan secara batch, menggunakan larutan standar timbal. Hasil pektin tertinggi dilihat dalam bentuk metoksil adalah pada pH 3, pada temperature pemanasan 70oC, dengan kemampuan adsorpsi 98,43%.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small and non-enveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infected mucosal cells. This viral genome is composed of early and late genes. Late (L) encodes the L1 and L2 proteins. The structural protein L1 is located outside the virion. It contributes to the viral attachment mechanism; hence it becomes the target for multi-strain vaccine design. This review aims to discuss the potency of conserved L1 HPV region and the innovation of multi-strain vaccines for prevention strategies of HPV infection. Bioinformatics methods in vaccine design applied for identification of conserved sequences from databases, epitopes map, antigenicity test, prediction of similarity, and autoimmune level. The multi-strain vaccine innovation initiated in this review has more benefits compared to previous vaccines based on the level of vaccine coverage via conserved regions, potential of immune cell epitopes, antigenic properties, and possibility of autoimmune when produced. Therefore, the multi-strain HPV vaccines are predicted to be more effective than previous vaccines, including bivalent or quadrivalent. In conclusion, the strategy for expanding the prevention of HPV infection could be carried out by developing a new multi-strain-based vaccine by using conserved regions in L1 capsid from all virus strains to increase the protection.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang konsep kepemimpinan wanita dalam QS. An-Nisa ayat 34, dimana permasalahan tentang kepemimpinan wanita merupakan topik yang selalu menarik, bahkan seakan menjadi polemik berkepanjangan, baik dari kalangan laki-laki maupun perempuan sendiri, kaum intelektual maupun kaum awam. Hal ini juga menjadi permasalahan kontroversial di kalangan ulama klasik dan kontemporer, masing-masing mempunyai argumentasi untuk membolehkan atau tidaknya wanita menjadi pemimpin. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Abdul Hayy Al-Farmawi yaitu metode muqarran (perbandingan). Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencari ayat Al-Qurán yang berkaitan dengan topik permasalahan kemudian mengemukakan pendapat para mufassir baik khalaf maupun salaf, membandingkan kedua pendapat tersebut, dan terakhir membuat kesimpulan dengan analisis penulis. Yang mana dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga, mutlak oleh laki-laki. Sedangkan dalam kepemimpinan public, baik laki-laki maupun wanita keduanya memiliki hak untuk memimpin dengan syarat yang telah ditentukan.

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensation experienced by an individual. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are drugs that are often used to relieve pain. Sea cucumbers are fisheries commodities that have high economic value and are very popular in the international market, one type of the sea cucumbers in Indonesia, especially found on the East coast of Surabaya, sea cucumber (Phyllophorus). In several studies, it has been proven that sea cucumber flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects. This study uses a post-test only control group design. This study used 25 mice, which were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was given aquades 10mL/kg BW, group 2 was given acetosal 150mg/kg BW, group 3 was given sea cucumber extract dose 20mg/kg BW, group 4 was given sea cucumber extract 40mg/kg BW, and group 5 was given sea cucumber extract 80mg/kg BW. Each group was induced with pain with acetic acid intraperitoneum 0.7% dose of 10ml/kg BW. Wait 5 minutes. Then do observation and calculation the mice stretching every 10 minutes. The data are taken observation and calculation 3×. Descriptive analysis results showed a decrease in the average stretching of mice in the acetosal therapy group 150mg/kg BW and better than another groups. The results of statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney U showed that there were significant differences (p

The economic value of dragon fruit peels can be increased through the process of diversification, hence, it becomes a food waste when not used often. This research provides a broader view of the terms of the strategy to achieve dragon fruit diversification and food independence towards the realization of food security. This research aims to determine the effect of dragon fruit peel substitutes on the antioxidant vitamin c, water content, and milk pie fiber to improve human health. Furthermore, the vitamin C content, fiber, and water content were analyzed, and the data obtained were processed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at p≤0.05. According to the result obtained, the total vitamin C content in the sample varies between 1.12 and 1.20 mg/100g. Sample S3 had the highest vitamin C content, and the more the dragon fruit peels are added, the higher the vitamin C content of dragon fruit peels milk pie. The total water content of the sample ranged from 22.08% - 23.74%. Sample S1 which is a pie without the addition of dragon fruit skin has the highest water content of 23.74%. While sample S2 which is a pie with the highest addition of dragon fruit skin has the lowest water content of 22.08%. The more dragon fruit peels are added, the lower the water content in the dragon fruit peels milk pie. This makes the milk pie product to be crispier when dragon fruit peels are added. While the total fiber content of the sample ranged from 8.01-10.13%, sample S3 has the highest fiber content of 10.13%. The more dragon fruit peels are added, the higher the fiber content of dragon fruit peels milk pie. The use of dragon fruit peels which were originally a food waste can improve the quality of milk pie products in terms of water content, fiber, and vitamin C. The addition of dragon fruit peels can also reduce the water content in the milk pie and make the product more durable.

Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) is a common contaminant for staple foods during the storage process. Chronic exposure to AFB1 is widely known to induce the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a lack of understanding of AFBi role in HCC mechanism. This research aims to identify protein(s) in HCC that might interact with AFB1 and to predict the pathway effected by AFB1. Analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. SMILES notation of AFB1 was submitted into Swiss Target Prediction. Interaction among predicted proteins were analyzed by using STRING. The 3D structure of target protein was constructed by homology modeling. Reverse docking was performed, and the result was ranked based on binding affinity score. Furthermore, protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed by using Cytoscape. Results showed that three protein groups were predicted as target of AFB1, such as kinases, phosphatases, and G protein-coupled receptor with probability of 46.7%, 20%, and 6.7%, respectively. Seven proteins of kinases were strongly related to HCC, including RAF1, MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1, EGFR, GSK3B, and mTOR. Reverse docking considered the AKT1-AFB1 as the most potential complex with the lowest affinity score -10.2 kcal.mol-1. It has hydrophobic bonds in Trp80, Val270, Tyr272, Asp292, Thr211, Leu210, Leu264, and Lys268 residues, whereas hydrogen bond in Ser205 residues. Moreover, further analysis demonstrated that interaction of AKT1-AFB1 is related to the metastasis pathway in HCC mechanism.

Mastering English in academic context is prominent to prepare university students for global competition, and therefore awareness of academic self-efficacy towards language skills is needed to learn English correctly and effectively. This study aims to examine the academic self efficacy of students from International Program who took Bridging program Course. To collect the data, the researcher distributed a questionnaire by Djokic (2021) that was adapted from Owen and Froman’s (1988) College Academic Self Efficacy Scale (CASES). The data show that students from Bridging Program course have the highest efficacy when it comes to attending the lectures. However, they have the lowest efficacy on their note-taking skill and their ability to answer questions from the professors. The result implied that students were more confident in doing a routine activity as they are accustomed in it, and felt less confident when they have to respond to lecturers as it required their readiness to learn.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, antibody-mediated immunity and T cells are the most effective protection. This study aimed to analyze IFN-γ profile in people who were vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. This research was conducted at the Molecular Laboratory of the Professor Nidom Foundation (LM-PNF), Surabaya, Indonesia from February 2021 to March 2022 using 100 blood samples with details of 50 samples from people who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and 50 samples from people who had unvaccinated against COVID-19. We divided into four: vaccination only, vaccination and had infected of COVID-19 or survivors, unvaccination only, and unvaccination but survivors. Furthermore, we used the ELISpot method to see the IFN-γ profile. The data analysed by using ANOVA. The results of this study showed that IFN-γ profile vary widely with the highest IFN-γ obtained in samples of people who are vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 compared to other groups. In summary, we conclude that the cellular immune response (IFN-γ) profile in people who vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 was better than unvaccinated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have afflicted millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Several vaccines have been developed to prevent infection and illness. The success of preventing and controlling the COVID-19 by using an effective and efficient vaccine. This study aimed to find out the profile of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) after COVID-19 vaccination. This study conducted at Animal Laboratory Professor Nidom Foundation (ABSL-3) from December 2021 to February 2022. The present study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design using 90 mice (Mus musculus L.). The test group consisted of mice injected subcutan with 0.1 mL PBS (P1), 0.1 mL adjuvant 1 (P2), 0.1 mL adjuvant 2 (P3), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg (P4), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 dose 50 μg (P5), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg + adjuvant 1 (P6), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg + adjuvant 2 (P7), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 50 μg + adjuvant 1 (P8), and 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 50 μg + adjuvant 2 (P9). The data analysed by using ANOVA.

Lampung adalah sebuah provinsi yang terletak di bagian paling selatan pulau Sumatra Indonesia. Aksara Lampung merupakan simbol visual yang berguna untuk mengungkapkan ekspresi dalam Bahasa Lampung. Aksara menjadi bukti nyata peninggalan zaman dahulu untuk menyampaikan pesan dan informasi melalui visual. Aksara Lampung memiliki visualisasi yang khas dan memiliki bentuk karakter yang serupa. Pemanfaatan aksara Lampung yang memiliki nilai representasi yang tinggi masih terbatas dalam penerapannya pada media dan banyaknya yang tidak mengerti. Membangun identitas kota sangat diperlukan, karena identitas kota tidak hanya berbicara jati diri sebuah kota namun lebih luas. Disadari bahwa pembangunan kota beridentitas yang berbasis pada kekayaan lokal akan lebih banyak melibatkan peran masyarakatnya, dan hal tersebut akan berkait dengan sosial budaya masyarakatnya. Mengetahui suatu identitas kota perlu adanya informasi berupa tulisan atau tipografi. Contoh pemanfaatan aksara Lampung yang dapat dilakukan adalah upaya eksplorasi visual ke dalam bentuk produk budaya lain yang melekat dengan keseharian masyarakat. Produk budaya yang dapat dirancang adalah typeface yang menggunakan huruf latin. Perpaduan visual antara aksara Lampung dan huruf latin dapat menghasilkan karakteristik yang khas untuk menjadikan identitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menjadikan Typeface Aksara Lampung sebagai identitas dan informasi mengenai kota Bandar Lampung. Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk memberi pesan kepada pembaca untuk mengangkat budaya-budaya yang berada di Indonesia khususnya budaya yang berasal dari daerah untuk mengembangkan Aksara menjadi sebuah karya yang lebih baik.

Penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengaruh jumlah rasio konsumsi bahan bakar Batubara terhadap efesiensi Boiler. Didalam sebuah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) diperlukan tenaga yang handal maupun komponen/alat yang sangat optimal selalu, Salah satu tingkat efesiensi di Boiler tergantung cara melakukan loop control supply Bahan bakar dan udara, demi pembakaran yang sempurna harus memperhatikan jumlah mix rasio bahan bakar Batubara terhadap udara pembakaranya. Dengan sebagai operator melakukan metode variasi loop control yang ketat terhadap bahan bakar Batubara dan Udara pembakaran, berharap bisa menghemat pengeluaran/ cost teutama terhadap pembakaran Batubara tetapi tetap mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa efesiensi Boiler tertinggi sebesar 83,10 % terjadi pada tanggal 01 Mei 2021, dengan rincian Settingan rasio udara primary dengan bahan bakar batubara 2,51, yaitu dengan komposisi batubara 59,7 ton/jam dan udara primary 149,8 ton/jam, serta didapat jumlah udara total (Total Air Flow) yaitu 340,5 ton/jam yaitu dengan komposisi udara Primary sebesar 149,8ton/jam dan udara Secondary 190,7 ton/jam. Efesiensi Boiler terendah sebesar 79,86 % terjadi pada tanggal 02 mei 2021, dengan rincian Settingan rasio 2,40, yaitu dengan komposisi batubara 61,6 ton/jam dan udara primary 148,08 ton/jam, serta dadapat jumlah udara total (Total Air Flow) yaitu 340,3 ton/jam yaitu dengan komposisi udara Primary sebesar 148,08 ton/jam dan udara Secondary 192,23 ton/jam.

The business process of selling products from the Cimanggis Village community is still conventionally with a marketing strategy of offering words of mouth through business partners such as the community, retail, and markets, and the lack of access to information about product sales can hinder the product marketing process. This study aims to create a web-based agro-tourism area information system to help BUMDes and village UMKM overcome problems in ongoing business processes. Observation and interviews are methods used to collect data (needs analysis). Meanwhile, the MVC concept and the agile software development method were used to build an information system for agro-tourism areas in Cimanggis Village. This agro-tourism area information system is tested using black-box testing. The results of this study are data on UMKM activities and business processes in Cimanggis Village, design of information systems for agro-tourism areas, and evaluation of information systems. Data on business activities and processes are displayed in the current system analysis. The design of the information system is displayed in business processes, UML diagrams, and user interface views of the information system. The evaluation results show that the agro-tourism area information system can manage transaction data and information on UMKM products and tourism services with good results.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Model Kepemimpinan Kontigensi dalam Pengelolaan Pendidikan. Model kepemimpinan kontingensi adalah teori yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada satu gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat untuk semua situasi, melainkan tergantung pada konteks dan situasi yang dihadapi. Dalam pengelolaan pendidikan, model kepemimpinan kontingensi dapat membantu pemimpin pendidikan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan yang paling efektif dalam situasi tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan informasi dan data dari berbagai sumber terkait dengan topik yang dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model kepemimpinan kontingensi dapat diterapkan dalam pengelolaan pendidikan dengan cara mengidentifikasi tiga faktor utama, yaitu tugas, hubungan, dan kekuasaan. Ketiga faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi pemilihan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat dalam situasi tertentu. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa model kepemimpinan kontingensi dapat membantu pemimpin pendidikan dalam mengembangkan keterampilan kepemimpinan yang beragam, seperti keterampilan komunikasi, pengambilan keputusan, dan pemberian umpan balik. Model ini juga dapat membantu pemimpin pendidikan untuk memahami kebutuhan dan preferensi staf pendidikan, sehingga dapat memfasilitasi kerja tim yang lebih efektif. Dalam kesimpulan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model kepemimpinan kontingensi dapat menjadi kerangka kerja yang berguna dalam pengelolaan pendidikan. Dengan memahami tugas, hubungan, dan kekuasaan dalam konteks yang relevan, pemimpin pendidikan dapat memilih gaya kepemimpinan yang paling efektif dalam situasi tertentu, dan membantu mengembangkan keterampilan kepemimpinan yang beragam.

Manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan adalah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengendalian, dan pengawasan terhadap sumber daya keuangan yang digunakan untuk membiayai kegiatan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pentingnya manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan melalui studi pustaka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, yaitu analisis terhadap sumber-sumber informasi yang berasal dari literatur atau dokumen terkait dengan topik penelitian. Sumber informasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari jurnal ilmiah, buku, dan dokumen terkait dengan manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk memastikan kelancaran dan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran. Manajemen pembiayaan yang baik akan memastikan bahwa dana yang tersedia digunakan secara efektif dan efisien, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Manajemen pembiayaan juga memungkinkan sekolah untuk mengelola risiko keuangan, seperti biaya yang tidak terduga atau kekurangan dana. Manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan juga memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan akses pendidikan yang adil dan merata bagi semua siswa. Dengan manajemen pembiayaan yang baik, sekolah dapat memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi semua siswa untuk mendapatkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Kesimpulannya, manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan adalah penting untuk memastikan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran dan akses pendidikan yang merata. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan manajemen pembiayaan yang efektif dan efisien dalam pendidikan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan lembaga pendidikan melakukan evaluasi dan perbaikan terhadap sistem manajemen pembiayaan yang ada, serta meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas penggunaan dana pendidikan.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was due to novel coronavirus was detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China for the first time and spread rapidly became a global pandemic. This study aimed to predict the potential of macroalgae compounds as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral by inhibiting of ACE2 receptor through in silico approach. Twenty-seven macroalgae compounds were obtained from PubChem (NCBI, USA), while target protein ACE2 receptor was collected from Protein Data Bank (PDB). Then the initial screening study drug-likeness conducted by Lipinski rule of five web server and prediction of bioactive probability carried out by PASS (Prediction of activity spectra for biologically active substances) Online web server. After those compounds were approved by Lipinski’s rule of five and PASS online prediction web server, the blind docking simulation was performed using PyRx 0.8 software to show binding energy value. Molecular interaction analysis was done using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2016 v16.1.0 and PyMOL v2.4.1 software. There are six macroalgae compounds approved by Lipinski’s rule of five and PASS Online Analysis. The result is that macroalgae compound siphonaxanthin among 27 macroalgae compound showed strong binding energy to bind ACE2 receptor with -8.8 kcal/mol. This study also used the SARS-CoV-2 drugs as positive control: remdesivir, molnupiravir, baricitinib, lopinavir, oseltamivir, and favipiravir. The result shows that siphonaxanthin has lowest binding energy than the common SARS-CoV-2 drug. Macroalgae compounds are predicted to have potential as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral. Thus, extension studies need to investigate by in vitro and in vivo analysis for confirmation the siphonaxanthin’s inhibitory activity in combat SARS-CoV-2.

By examining the thoughts of Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid in interpreting the Qur'an through the Hermeneutic method, this paper tries to analyze the theories and methods of interpretation. In addition to criticizing his thinking in hermeneutics, and the modern approach to the Qur'an, Abu Zaid views, there are 2 goals in his study of the Qur'an. The first is to reconnect the study of the Qur'an with literary theory and criticism. In this case, the Qur'an is a linguistic text and cannot be separated from culture and history. Therefore, cultural and historical texts must be studied using linguistic and literary approaches, including hermeneutics and semiotics. The second is to define an "objective" understanding of Islam that does not have any ideology of interest. Abu Zaid believed that by defining the "objective" nature of the text, the ideological interpretation of the Qur'an could be reduced to some extent. In this case, the text must be studied and interpreted "objectively" using scientific methodologies and theories developed in textual and linguistics through hermeneutics and semiotics.

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, commonly known as okra, is one of the most widely used vegetable crops currently used for diabetes treatment as well. It is thought that the large amount of soluble dietary fibers present in okra is responsible for the slowing of the absorption of glucose from the gut. However, its role in concomitant administration with commonly prescribed medications, including metformin (MET) and acarbose (ACR) for diabetes, is unclear. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of A. esculentus pod extract (AEE) administered concomitantly with MET and ACR in the glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice model. The AEE was prepared using green okra pods. In this experiment, each male Swiss Webster mouse was administered a 2.5 gm/kg/BW dose of glucose via gastric lavage to induce hyperglycemia. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: (i) negative control, (ii) positive control, (iii) MET only, (iv) MET and ACR, and (v) MET, ACR, and AEE. The orally administered doses of the MET, ACR, and the extract were 150 mg/kg/BW, 15 mg/kg/BW, and 0.2 mL/kg/BW, respectively. We found that MET only and a combination of MET and ACR reduced glucose levels significantly (p < 0.01) compared to the positive control. On the other hand, when MET, ACR, and AEE were administered simultaneously, the synergistic antihyperglycemic action of the MET and ACR was diminished. After 150 min, the blood glucose level was 4.50 ± 0.189 mmol/L (iv) and 6.58 ± 0.172 mmol/L (v). This study suggests that taking AEE concurrently with MET and ACR would reduce the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs; thereby, concomitant administration of these antidiabetic agents is not recommended. This study provides an essential basis for decision-making about the consumption of AEE with conventional medicine. Further study is required to find the molecular insight of drug interactions in combination therapy of medicinal plants for diabetes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis ragi roti yang berbeda terhadap kepadatan rotifera (Brachionus plicatilis). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2021 di Laboratorium Perikanan Terpadu, Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Rotifera dikultur dengan pemberian pakan alami Nannochloropsis sp. sebanyak 41 ml dengan penambahan berbagai dosis ragi roti. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A sebagai kontrol yakni penambahan ragi roti dengan dosis 0,0 mg/L, perlakuan B dosis 15,0 mg/L, perlakuan C dosis 30,0 mg/L, dan perlakuan D dosis 45,0 mg/L. Parameter yang diujikan yaitu kepadatan rotifera. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan ragi roti dengan dosis yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P