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In emergency departments, determine the cause of the seizures is a diagnostic challenge. Objective: To describe the diagnostic studies and the most probable causes of seizures in children seen in an emergency department of a private hospital. Material and methods: From August 2013 to July 2015, we analyzed the care provided for pediatric emergencies motivated by convulsive crisis (as initial or recurrent manifestation). For the analysis, patients were grouped by age, and considering whether or not it was the first event. Results: 164 children were analyzed; 65% (108/164) was in infants, 6% (10/164) in preschool children and 28% (46/164) in school children/adolescents. Among infants and toddlers febrile seizures predominated (41.2%). In schoolchildren and adolescents, the most frequent recurrent seizures were due to epilepsy (62.1%). The most studied patients were the non-febrile seizures that were presented for the first time: 96.5% with neuroimaging and 86.2% with electroencephalogram (EEG). In recurrent seizures, the EEG was performed in 41.5% and in 4.6% through neuroimaging studies. Conclusions: In the present study, seizures of first presentation predominated. For infants and preschoolers these were febrile seizures, while for schoolchildren and adolescents it was due to epilepsy, both in the initial stage or as recurrent seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, the synthesis and characterization of seven complexes (1-7) was performed with Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) transition metals and ligands derived from bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (bdmpzm) and bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazolyl)methane (L). The complexes were obtained in high yields, isolated as air-stable solids and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The structures of L and complex 1 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes and their respective ligands were evaluated against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. An increase in the activity of the complexes was observed compared to the free ligands. Greater activities were found for Co(II) complexes than for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Additionally, complexes 3 and 9 had little effect on erythrocytes, indicating that they are non-toxic. The results obtained in mitochondrial membrane potential analyses suggest a possible mechanism by which complex 3 has a trypanocidal effect through the induction of oxidative stress. The results could provide an interesting contribution to the further design of active complexes against T. cruzi.Graphical abstract: Synthesis and structural characterization of new complexes with zinc(II), copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) transition metals derived from bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands. The cobalt(II) complexes have high activity against epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi strains and are not toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A complex of formula [{CuCl{H2C(3,5‐Me2pz)}}2(µ‐Cl)2] (1) is obtained and its structure is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction crystallography, revealing dinuclear character supporting a (CuN2Cl2)2 core. Compound 1 undergoes water dissociation that generates a change in the coordination sphere of the metals, yielding a mononuclear CuII complex of the formula [CuCl{H2C(3,5‐Me2pz)2}2]Cl·3H2O (2), as supported by LeBail analysis and visible absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, the optical features of 1 unravel characteristic patterns in the absorption spectrum, attributed solely to the formation of the (CuN2Cl2)2 core. The study of the magnetic properties of 1 reveals weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the two CuII ions that is transmitted through the double‐chloro bridge, which is supported by broken‐symmetry DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report the synthesis of a new double-stranded copper(I) helicate ( H ) and its use for the first time in a single-walled carbon nanotube-modified screen printed electrode (SWCNT/SPCE) for the voltammetric determination of amaranth (AM) and tartrazine (TZ). H was synthesized through a self-assembly process between Cu(I) iodide and 1,3-bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylcarbonyl)benzene ( L ). The compound was structurally characterized by infrared, photoluminescence spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses as well as single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The SWCNT/SPCE was coated with H by simple drop casting, and the surface ( H -SWCNT/SPCE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of H on the surface of the modified electrode reduces the charge transfer resistance of the redox couple and improves the sensitivity toward the oxidation of AM and TZ with oxidation current increases of almost 80% and 60%, respectively, thus allowing their determination using square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The detection limits (3σ/b) were 30.0 and 60.0 nmol L −1 for AM and TZ, respectively. The relative standard derivation was 3.5% (n = 7) with three different electrodes. Furthermore, the new sensor was applied in the detection of these dyes in commercial samples such as synthetic orange juice and a soft drink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and facile general method for the synthesis of conduritol C analogs, taking advantage of an enantioselective biocatalysis process of monosubstituted benzenes, is described. The absolute stereochemical patterns of the target molecules (–)-conduritol C, (–)-bromo-conduritol C, and (–)-methyl-conduritol C were achieved by means of chemoenzymatic methods. The stereochemistry present at the homochiral cyclohexadiene-cis-1,2-diols derived from the arene biotransformation and the enantioselective ring opening of a non-isolated vinylepoxide derivative permitted the absolute configuration of the carbon bearing the hydroxyl groups at the target molecules to be established. All three conduritols and two intermediates were crystallized, and their structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The three conduritols and intermediates were isostructural. The versatility of our methodology is noteworthy to expand the preparation of conduritol C analogs starting from toluene dioxygenase (TDO) monosubstituted arene substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian statistics is based on subjective probability. It works with evidence updating considering the knowledge acquired prior to an investigation, plus the evidence obtained thereof. Results' interpretation requires for the hypotheses to be tested to be specified and their a priori probability to be estimated before the study. Study evidence is measured with the Bayes factor (compatibility ratio of the data under the proposed hypotheses). The conjunction of hypotheses a priori probabilities with the Bayes factor allows calculating the a posteriori probability of each one of them. The hypothesis with the highest degree of certainty at its update is the one that is accepted for decision making. In this review, three examples of hypothesis to be tested are shown: diff erence of means, correlation and association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sanidad Militar is the property of Direccion General de Sanidad Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drug resistance in infectious diseases developed by bacteria and fungi is an important issue since it is necessary to further develop novel compounds with biological activity that counteract this problem. In addition, new pharmaceutical compounds with lower secondary effects to treat cancer are needed. Coordination compounds appear to be accessible and promising alternatives aiming to overcome these problems. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on coordination compounds based on nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) as a ligand, its derivatives, and other nitro-containing ligands, which are widely employed owing to their versatility. Additionally, an analysis of crystallographic data is presented, unraveling the coordination preferences and the most effective crystallization methods to grow crystals of good quality. This underscores the significance of elucidating crystalline structures and utilizing computational calculations to deepen the comprehension of the electronic properties of coordination complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Risk stratification for cognitive impairment in communities originated from autopsies in cognitively healthy individuals. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) incorporates subjective and objective cognitive function (CF) measures to explore neurocognitive disorders (NCD). It can be applied in communities to explore the factors that may influence positively or negatively. Objective: To obtain the relationship between groups of CF classified using the DSM-5 categories, and sociodemographic factors, habits, comorbidities and motor function in older people living in the community. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample (n = 347). The variables were sociodemographic, habits, comorbidities, and cognitive motor function. The participants were grouped considering subjective and objective CF, plus age, sex, and educational level, and defined according to NCD. Results: 28.5% did not present cognitive disorder, 43.9% had mild disorder < 70 years (mildNCD < 70y), 19% with 70 years or more (mildNCD ≥ 70y), and with major disorder 8.6%. The associated factors for mildNCD < 70y were marital status (MS), physical activity (PA), diabetes mellitus, and frailty; for mildNCD > 70y: MS, occupation, living alone, and heart disease; for majorNCD: PA and grip strength. In the multivariate analysis it was observed greater likelihood in the mildNCD groups than in the non-NCD and majorNCD groups. Conclusions: 4 important groups were identified in a community. The mildNCD was mainly explained by sociodemographic fac [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An efficent access to a series of N-(pyrrol-2-yl)amines, namely ( E)-1- tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzylidene)amino]-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H16ClN3, (7 a), ( E)-1- tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H15Cl2N3, (7 b), ( E)-1- tert-butyl-5-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino]-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C15H16N4, (7 c), 1- tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzyl)amino]-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H18ClN3, (8 a), and 1- tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H17Cl2N3, (8 b), by a two-step synthesis sequence (solvent-free condensation and reduction) starting from 5-amino-1- tert-butyl-1 H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile is described. The syntheses proceed via isolated N-(pyrrol-2-yl)imines, which are also key synthetic intermediates of other valuable compounds. The crystal structures of the reduced compounds showed a reduction in the symmetry compared with the corresponding precursors, viz. Pbcm to P from compound (7 a) to (8 a) and P21/ c to P from compound (7 b) to (8 b), probably due to a severe change in the molecular conformations, resulting in the loss of planarity observed in the nonreduced compounds. In all of the crystals, the supramolecular assembly is controlled mainly by strong (N,C)-H...N hydrogen bonds. However, in the case of (7 a)-(7 c), C-H...Cl interactions are strong enough to help in the three-dimensional architecture, as observed in Hirshfeld surface maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Alergia de Mexico is the property of Coleg. Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia A.C.; Soc. Lat. de Alergia, Asma e Inmunologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sample size refers to the number of participants to be included in a research study. If the calculation is carried out properly, not only conclusions will be established with statistical support and the potential risks to the subjects included in the investigation will be limited, but also the study can be properly planned to optimize economic and time costs. Calculation of sample size requires information that must be supported by the research protocol. This information includes that the objectives (descriptive study or a study to establish differences between groups) and hypotheses are well elaborated (with magnitude and direction), the scale of measurement of the outcome variable(s) must be defined and type I error and type II error appropriately identified. This review describes how to specify the requirements needed for sample size calculation, including examples in clinical research designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]