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Advances in technology, particularly smartphones, have unlocked new opportunities for consumers to generate content about experiences while they unfold (e.g., by texting, posting to social media, writing notes), and this behavior has become nearly ubiquitous. The present research examines the effects of generating content during ongoing experiences. Across nine studies, the authors show that generating content during an experience increases feelings of immersion and makes time feel like it is passing more quickly, which in turn enhances enjoyment of the experience. The authors investigate these effects across a broad array of experiences both inside and outside the lab that vary in duration from a few minutes to several hours, including positive and negative videos and real-life holiday celebrations. They conclude with several studies testing marketing interventions that increase content creation and find that consumers who are incentivized or motivated by social norms to generate content reap the same experiential benefits as those who create content organically. These findings illustrate how leveraging content creation to improve experiences can mutually benefit marketers and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gergely Gosztonyi's book, "Censorship from Plato to Social Media," explores the complex nature of content regulation and moderation practices on social media platforms. The book delves into the historical roots of censorship, tracing its evolution from ancient Greece to the present day. It also examines the challenges posed by the vast amount of content generated on social media platforms and discusses the legal framework surrounding content regulation and censorship, including landmark cases. Additionally, the book highlights recent global events related to internet restrictions and concludes by discussing the future of freedom of expression and the influence of tech companies. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of censorship and its implications in today's digital age. [Extracted from the article]

VR devices have existential experiences that can meet the deeper interaction needs of humans and are the driving force behind the rapid development of the industry. As the latest computing platform, VR is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. In recent years, the continuous iteration of hardware to ensure the visual experience effect, system‐level interaction features more rich, game content developers continue to launch more high‐quality content, this series of industry progress to promote the VR ecosystem continues to improve, and continue to develop. At this stage, VR market participants are mainly divided into three camps: VR industry advocators, Internet content platforms, intelligent device terminal brands, etc., and the leading players continue to invest in the layout, and the future will show a highly concentrated trend. The combination of hardware and content roles strengthens the synergistic effect of both sides and preempts the core link of the meta‐universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online advertising banners are often subject to banner blindness, meaning that people avoid looking at them. The current study examines whether web surfing while watching television, a form of media multitasking, influences how people respond to online ad banners. The experimental study examines whether people respond differently to an online ad banner which thematically fits with the website content (i.e., banner congruity) and which is animated (i.e., banner animation), taking into account the relevance between media tasks (whether the content of the television program and the website are related). Individuals' cognitive (visual attention paid to the banner, measured by eye-tracking technology) and attitudinal (online banner irritation) advertising responses are measured as dependent variables. The results indicate that during media multitasking with high task relevance, higher visual attention was obtained for an incongruent (versus congruent) ad banner. When task relevance was low, no such differences were found. This two-way interaction effect was not significant for banner irritation. Further, a significant three-way interaction with task relevance, banner congruity, and banner animation was found on banner irritation but not on visual attention. Concretely, the lowest levels of banner irritation were obtained for a congruent, animated banner in a media multitasking context with high task relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Yoga, as an ancient and modern practice, increases physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social health. Yoga studio websites serve as a dissemination channel for studios to express their offerings, whom they employ, and whom they seek as clientele. Public health workers, physicians, researchers, and clinicians, can refer to existing studios to increase health among their patients or clients. The degree to which these websites can provide relevant information to these various stakeholder groups has yet to be defined. Methods: A pragmatic, sequential mixed-methods study was employed with quantitative data extraction, summarized as means and proportions, to score the studio websites (N = 28), and semi-structured interviews (n = 6) analyzed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique, to confirm website content and staff intention. To explore urban and rural characteristics, yoga studios in southwest Virginia and Los Angeles were selected for inclusion. Results: Overall, community-based yoga studios websites included information on the type, duration, cost, and COVID mitigation strategies. The most common class duration was 60 min. Rural Southwest Virginia studios offered 8.5 classes per week whereas those in urban Los Angeles offered 24.2 classes per week. All studios used iconography and images to invite racial, ethnic, age, and body type and ability diversity. While studios in both areas specified that there were 200- and 500-hour registered yoga teachers, many of the instructor biographies did not include information on their training. Although only preliminary, the interviews (n = 6) confirmed that the websites generally represented the feel, intention, and offerings of the studio and that the primary purpose of the studio was to build relationships and ensure people felt comfortable in the space. Conclusion: Website information was related to studio offerings and values; however, discussion with management or visiting the studio may provide a richer picture of the yoga practices offered in the space. Further suggestions for website content are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public institutions find an open window and greater transparency towards citizens in the digital sphere. So much so that the websites of local corporations can be considered an instrument of democratic inclusion and overall well-being. However, web accessibility continues to be a pending issue in order to encourage any person, regardless of their physical, mental or age capabilities, to interact without any kind of barrier. This paper analyses the web accessibility of 18 provincial capital city councils in Spain, comparing two periods to detect compliance with the requirements of adaptation to citizenship by applying the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. The results show that accessibility to the websites of local corporations is still an unresolved issue. The commitment to web accessibility is not related to the size of cities or their budgetary level. It is necessary to undertake the appropriate improvements if they want, in their commitment to all citizens, to not leave out two key groups: people with functional diversity and the elderly. The contribution of this work goes beyond the need to use a type of analysis model to evaluate the democratisation of websites as digital public services and, consequently, it raises a series of practical implications relevant to the political decision-making bodies of local councils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Korea, anti-feminism is now rapidly spreading online among young men, who have started to identify themselves as a social minority or "victims" of female power. Despite its ramifications, theoretically, anti-feminism is indistinct from the racism and sexism of White men that emerged more than half a century ago. In view of this, it shares the same root as typical modern racism or sexism, although it appears to be a novel phenomenon. Such a hypothesis was buttressed by quantifying the attitudes of anti-feminists toward various outgroups based on the transference of prejudice theory. Moreover, the subtle sexist undertones hidden in their arguments have been discussed using various psychological theories and empirical data/statistics. Additionally, various potential factors that may shape or accelerate their attitudes or behaviors have been discussed on the basis of the threat-defense theory. Through comprehensive literature review based on this theory, this study proposes the features related to Korean anti-feminism, encompassing behavioral/situational (overindulging violent or degrading Internet contents, verbal aggression), relational/epistemic (ostracism, attachment insecurity, pseudo-rationalism), and group-level (provocative interactions, polarization) attributes, some of which may also influence groups other than young men and ingrain or exacerbate the extreme ideologies of other groups, including young women. Scrutinizing Korean online anti-feminismandmale-victimideologymay improve our understanding of the psychological origins of various social extremities or radical ideologies beyond cultural barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish television is increasingly subject to transmedia consumption. Faced with traditional models in which journalists limited themselves to rigorously transmitting information to strengthen their audiences, the networks' commitment to infotainment, as well as the competition with platforms or with figures from YouTube and Twitch, forces professionals to reinvent themselves, often by resorting to entertainment and show business resources. TV programs such as El intermedio (La Sexta, 2006) and El hormiguero (Antena3, 2006) have been working for years to bring journalists and comedians together in the same space, and others such as Todo es mentira (Cuatro, 2019) interact with audiences through social networks such as Twitter and Instagram. The question is whether these efforts are sufficient or whether we are witnessing a transition period in which interviews conducted by content creators such as Ibai Llanos or Jordi Wild will end up being more highly valued than those of a journalist. To answer these questions, six professionals from the current audiovisual scene were interviewed: Vicente Vallés, Antonio Castelo, Cristina Pardo, Rocío Vidal (La Gata de Schrödinger), José Antonio Lavado, and Jorge Gallardo Camacho, and their reflections were contrasted with those of three focus groups with audiences of different ages. It was concluded that the professionals recognize the necessity of adapting to the digital era and to the new needs of their audiences, but prioritize traditional journalistic rigor and do not fear competition from figures such as Ibai Llanos. However, the audience focus groups consulted, especially the younger ones, admit that they consume more audiovisual content on the Internet than on television. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to investigate web content accessibility on restaurant industry segments' websites and explore the differences across different segments on accessibility guidelines. To achieve the goal, the number of accessibility errors in the 405 websites (180 Michelin star restaurants; 125 casual restaurant chain websites; 100 local independent restaurants) were collected and further analyzed to achieve the study goal. AChecker was used to evaluate HTML content for web-accessibility problems. The numbers of known errors were analyzed by utilizing Web Content Accessibility Guideline 2.0. The results showed there are specific guidelines that are not fully compliant and Michelin star restaurants have done a relatively better job on e-accessibility. More details are discussed in the main body of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media have emerged as a promising communication channel for promoting breastfeeding among a new generation of mothers. Yet, there is no published study reporting the effects of a large‐scale social media intervention on key breastfeeding‐related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. As a component of its breastfeeding promotion campaign, the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program implemented a 12‐month intervention using Facebook and Instagram and subsequently evaluated the outcomes by surveying WIC‐participating women (N = 832) twice, immediately before and after the intervention. Based on their level of exposure to the intervention messages, the women were retrospectively classified into two groups, resulting in a two‐group (no–low exposure vs. medium–high exposure) quasi‐experiment. Women in the medium–high exposure group, in comparison with women in the no–low exposure group, exhibited higher campaign awareness (p <.001), visits to the campaign website (p <.001), and engagement with the website content (p <.001). They also reported more positive breastfeeding attitudes (M = 17.26 vs. M = 16.51, p <.05), self‐efficacy (M = 54.48 vs. M = 49.94, p <.01), and social support (M = 27.37 vs. M = 25.11, p <.001). But they did not differ from women in the no–low exposure group in breastfeeding initiation (p >.05) and duration (p >.05). In conclusion, a social media‐based intervention resulted in more positive breastfeeding attitudes, higher self‐efficacy, and higher perceived social support. Future studies need to investigate the optimal level of intervention message dosage that prompts significant behavioral changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) allow for authentication and ownership of digital assets, which are notable features in the virtual world given the infiniteness of internet content. The emergence of this novel technology, however, has raised challenges, especially regarding enforcement of the right of publicity. This Note addresses how litigators have approached right of publicity violations arising from NFTs and how courts might respond to future violations that this technology is capable of facilitating. Legal scholars and commentators argue that certain features of NFTs pose pronounced threats to the right of publicity, namely the technology’s novelty, democratized nature, anonymization of creators, transferability across platforms, and immutability. To combat these threats, this Note proposes that rights owners should enter into right of publicity license agreements; that NFT platforms should strengthen their terms of service and develop higher barriers of entry for users; and, finally, that courts should order that infringing NFTs be “burned.”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic methods are becoming increasingly valuable and established in ecological research, particularly in nonmodel species. Supporting their progress and adoption requires investment in resources that promote (i) reproducibility of genomic analyses, (ii) accessibility of learning tools and (iii) keeping pace with rapidly developing methods and principles.We introduce marineomics.io, an open‐source, living document to disseminate tutorials, reproducibility tools and best principles for ecological genomic research in marine and nonmodel systems.The website's existing content spans population and functional genomics, including current recommendations for whole‐genome sequencing, RAD‐seq, Pool‐seq and RNA‐seq. With the goal to facilitate the development of new, similar resources, we describe our process for aggregating and synthesizing methodological principles from the ecological genomics community to inform website content. We also detail steps for authorship and submission of new website content, as well as protocols for providing feedback and topic requests from the community.These web resources were constructed with guidance for doing rigorous, reproducible science. Collaboration and contributions to the website are encouraged from scientists of all skill sets and levels of expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content and services provided by a website should be accessible equally by all users including people with disabilities. Saudi Arabian universities are gradually shifting from traditional classroom teaching to online web-based teaching with the help of learning management systems (LMS). Transformation from traditional teaching system to online teaching systems demands that university website should be accessible by all users regardless of any disability. In this study, accessibility features of the Arabic version of thirty-three Saudi public and private universities are evaluated against thirty-eight success criteria of existing web content accessibility guidelines by using two automatic web accessibility evaluation tools (AChecker and TAW) to ensure that disabled users are able to perceive, understand, navigate and interact with the webpages. Accessibility violations detected by AChecker are categorized into 11% known problems and 89% likely and potential problems. Similarly, accessibility violations detected by TAW are categorized into 26% accessibility problems and 74% warnings. Accessibility evaluation results show that known accessibility problems detected by AChecker and TAW require immediate action to resolve but likely problems, potential problems and warnings require human involvement in the accessibility evaluation process. In this study, we proposed the alignment of detected accessibility violations with the WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 success criteria, which will be helpful to further identify the coverage level of automatic accessibility evaluation tool and main accessibility violation domain. Study concludes that automated web accessibility analysis tools are not alone capable to identify all accessibility issues in website due to the fact that they do not understand the way assistive technologies used by disabled persons to interact with web contents. However, the findings of this study recommend further comprehensive empirical research by involving the disabled users to discover the missing accessibility problems in Arabic version of websites. Furthermore, accessibility problems detected by disabled users' further require aligning by accessibility experts with existing guidelines to identify the gap with user problems and existing web content accessibility guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic increases the reliance on video conferencing applications for learning. Accessible video conferencing applications with good learning features can help people with visual impairment when they participate in online classes. This paper investigates the accessibility limitations and the available learning features of the top two current video conferencing applications, namely Zoom and MS Teams. A task-based expert review and a blind user evaluation are conducted using Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1. In addition, the study identifies the application with the better learning features based on Universal Design for Learning guidelines. A set of recommendations are outlined for developing better inclusive video conferencing applications for people with visual impairment. The presented ideas can be applied to enhance the learning experience of people with visual impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility is a concept that refers to providing the required affordance to users with some kind of disability, or even without it, to use a website. Taking into account this goal, we can find two perspectives, those proposed by government laws, such as the section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act or the European Accessibility Act, and those recommendations proposed by consortia like the World Wide Web Consortium, which through the Web Accessibility Initiative proposes the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. In general, laws or recommendations, define the good practices to make a website and their content accessible. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the accessibility of websites with deaf users. The evaluation consists of the accomplishment of a set of tasks by deaf users in four websites. The natural hypothesis should be that the use of accessibility guidelines improve the user performance to achieve a task in websites that followed the guidelines. As a result, by observing interactions and listen to the comments of deaf users suggests that the content and the design of the web pages affect the success rate of the tasks. This content is affected more with regard to the level of their second language, in this case Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisements have become commonplace on modern websites. While ads are typically designed for visual consumption, it is unclear how they affect blind users who interact with the ads using a screen reader. Existing research studies on non-visual web interaction predominantly focus on general web browsing; the specific impact of extraneous ad content on blind users' experience remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we conducted an interview study with 18 blind participants; we found that blind users are often deceived by ads that contextually blend in with the surrounding web page content. While ad blockers can address this problem via a blanket filtering operation, many websites are increasingly denying access if an ad blocker is active. Moreover, ad blockers often do not filter out internal ads injected by the websites themselves. Therefore, we devised an algorithm to automatically identify contextually deceptive ads on a web page. Specifically, we built a detection model that leverages a multi-modal combination of handcrafted and automatically extracted features to determine if a particular ad is contextually deceptive. Evaluations of the model on a representative test dataset and 'in-the-wild' random websites yielded F1 scores of 0.86 and 0.88 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Wide Web is a vast information resource that can be used in a broad range of applications. Web content is an efficient way to derive valuable information from webpages, and many efforts have been made on this subject. However, due to the increasing complexity of webpage technology, the existing methods cannot match quite well the requirements for the content extraction of webpages. This paper proposed an improved content extraction method for webpage based on Cx-Extractor, which is capable of dealing with content extraction for different types of webpages. Several improvements have been made for the proposed method: (1) The hyperlink tags are not removed directly to avoid mistaking the dense hyperlink groups for the main content. (2) The starting point of the main content is taken as the line number of tag-line-block whose size exceeds the threshold and thus the first few short texts of the main content can be retained. (3) The threshold value of tag-line-block for the main content is calculated automatically instead of being set manually. The above can improve the accuracy of the extracted content. Moreover, (4) the blank spaces in the original text of webpage are retained, which can increase the readability of the extracted content by avoiding connecting English words into pieces. (5) The multimedia information (e.g., pictures and videos) can be selectively retained by users, allowing for maximum flexibility and usage in multiple industries. The experimental results conducted on real-world webpages show that the proposed content extraction method works well for both single-content and multi-content webpages. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed content extraction method was compared with the Chinese extraction method called Cx-Extractor and the English extraction method called Readability. It is found that the proposed method in this study outperforms these two methods in precision, recall, and readability. In addition, the extraction efficiency of the proposed method is superior to that of the Readability method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food exporting companies play a fundamental role in the development of international trade. However, the conceptualization and measurement of their online corporate reputation has not been extensively studied in Business to Business markets, unlike in Business to Consumer contexts. The aim of this research is to identify the variables that determine the online reputation of food companies operating in B2B markets, and to analyze their relationship with the volume of food exports. For this purpose, a three-stage quantitative and qualitative study has been developed, based on in-depth interviews with experts from export organizations and managers of Peruvian food exporting companies, the estimation of an Advanced Sentiment Analysis, the construction of a Total Online Reputation Index (TOR), and the development of regression analysis. The study has identified 13 variables that affect the online reputation of food exporting companies and indicates that the presence of sustainability content on their website and the number of pages visited positively affect the volume of food exports. Moreover, the TOR could have a significant explanatory capacity with respect to company exports. These results constitute a reference guide for both companies in the sector and official export agencies, highlighting the critical aspects to promote their exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web browsers have become an integral part of our daily lives, granting us access to vast information and services. However, this convenience significantly risks personal information and data security. One common source of this risk is browser extensions, which users often employ to add new features to their browsers. Unfortunately, these extensions can also pose a security threat, as malicious ones may access and steal sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, and personal data. The vulnerability of web browsers to malicious extensions is a significant challenge that effectively tackles through robust defence mechanisms. To address this concern, Secure Vault – API is proposed and designed to safeguard confidential web page content from malicious extensions. The Web Crypto API provides cryptographic functions that protect data during transmission and storage. The Secure Vault encompasses a Sentinel extension responsible for parsing the web page's Document Object Model (DOM) content and querying for all "vault" elements. The extension then verifies that the DOM content has not been tampered with by any malicious extension by calculating the SHA512 hash value of the concatenated vault elements as a string, with no whitespace between them. With its encryption, hashing, and isolation techniques, the Secure Vault effectively protects confidential web page content from malicious extensions. It provides a secure environment for storing and processing sensitive data, reducing the risk of data breaches caused by malicious extensions. The proposed approach offers significant advantages over existing strategies in terms of protecting confidential web page content from malicious extensions. This not only improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the browser extensions but also ensures compatibility, interoperability and performance across different web browsers with respect to the load time of HTML elements. Users can browse the web and carry out sensitive transactions with peace of mind, knowing their data is safeguarded against theft or manipulation by malicious extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics on children's digital presences are staggering, with an overwhelming majority of children having unique digital identities by age two. The phenomenon of "sharenting" (parents sharing content of their children on social media) can start as early as a sonogram photo or a birth video and evolve into parent-run Instagram and TikTok accounts soon after. Content is often intimate, sometimes embarrassing, and frequently shared without children's consent. Sharenting poses a myriad of risks to children including identity theft, digital kidnapping, exposure to child predators, emotional trauma, and social isolation. In the face of such significant risks to children's well-being, one can only hope that parents will take care in deciding what information to share about their children online or whether to share at all. In recent years, that delicate risk calculus has been skewed by the potential to garner immense wealth from sharing content about children on sites like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. It is high time that regulations protect the rights and privacy of children online. However, attempts to regulate sharenting itself will struggle to overcome the strong countervailing parental constitutional rights to free speech and parental autonomy. This Note proposes limiting the ability to profit from sharenting so that settled parental rights are undisturbed while the perverse incentive to expose children to immense risk for the possibility of profit is mitigated. This Note: (1) provides an overview of the phenomenon of sharenting, (2) surveys the current regulatory framework and its lapses in adequately protecting child influencers, (3) addresses the strong countervailing parental rights to parental autonomy and free speech, and (4) introduces an incentives-based solution to reduce the incidence of harmful child exposure online while respecting parental rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the content strategies of 12 Chinese universities' international websites. Going beyond the Hofstede–Hall model, we explore a novel mixed-method study using both content strategy analysis and user research to investigate intercultural web-based communication strategies. Our study identifies the impacts of Chinese cultural and socio-political values on web content and the mismatch between such values and the information needs of globally distributed prospective students. We conclude that universities' web content strategies should fully understand target audiences' needs. Designers benefit from doing stakeholder interviews and competitor analysis to provide relevant, accurate, and accessible information to users from different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The websites of US transplant centers may be a source of information about the renal risks of potential living kidney donors. Methods: To include only likely best practices, we surveyed websites of centers that performed at least 50 living donor kidney transplants per year. We tabulated how risks were conveyed regarding loss of eGFR at donation, the adequacy of long‐term ESRD risk data, long‐term donor mortality, minority donor ESRD risk, concerns about hyperfiltration injury versus the risk of end‐stage kidney diseases, comparisons of ESRD risks in donors to population risks, the increased risks of younger donors, an effect of the donation itself to increase risk, quantifying risks over specific intervals, and a lengthening list of small post‐donation medical risks and metabolic changes of uncertain significance. Results: While websites had no formal obligation to address donor risks, many offered abundant information. Some conveyed OPTN‐mandated requirements for counseling individual donor candidates. While actual wording often varied, there was general agreement on many issues. We occasionally noted clear‐cut differences among websites in risk characterization and other outliers. Conclusions: The websites of the most active US centers offer insights into how transplant professionals view living kidney donor risk. Website content may merit further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a website content analysis to examine the prevalence of sex education in higher education institutions throughout the US. A total of 413 postsecondary institutions varying in type (public, private) and size (small, medium, large) were chosen via stratified random sampling. Each of the 413 school websites was reviewed to determine whether sexual health programs, sexual violence prevention programs, and basic sexual health information and resources were provided to their school community. Results show that the majority of institutions reviewed, regardless of the type and size, provided sexual assault prevention programs, whereas a smaller proportion of institutions (mostly public and large) provided sexual health programs. Findings confirm the importance and urgency of allocating more resources to comprehensive sex education in US higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have demonstrated that the rates of anxiety have been constantly increasing worldwide in recent years. To understand this phenomenon, based on the complemented cognitive model TVAPA of anxiety, the hybrid method of modeling and simulating the dynamics of anxiety in the population is proposed. The suggested method combines agent-based modeling, dynamic systems modeling with differential equations, and machine learning methods. The four-level STAI methodology is applied to assess anxiety in the proposed models. Sentiment analysis of social media content is used to identify the parameters of triggering stimuli flow. The proposed models were implemented and verified using open access data sets. Created models are characterized by simplicity, and the parameters used in them have a clear socio-informational meaning. The developed models can be calibrated by applying statistical methods according to indicators of anxiety measured at discrete sets of time intervals by associating them with parameters of the threat stimuli flow taken from statistical data and/or Internet content tracking data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hotels across the globe are trying to adopt green technologies for reducing the negative impact of the hospitality segment on the environment. However, the implementation of green technologies in hotels can be affected by the perspectives of managers. There is a need to assess the views of managers regarding the enablers, barriers and skill-sets that affect the adoption of green technologies in hotels. Existing studies fail to draw a proper link between the factors that affect green technology use in hotels and the website content of green hotels. Semi-structured interviews of fifteen managers and topic-modeling of the website content of forty-one Indian green hotels reveal that there is a gap in communications and awareness. The qualitative study using a grounded theory and phenomenology approach has found motivators like, cost reduction, value-for-nature, and barriers like, misperception of customers, high cost. The study highlighted the importance of green skills as a moderator. 全球的酒店都在尝试采用绿色技术来减少酒店业对环境的负面影响. 然而，酒店绿色技术的实施可能会受到管理者观点的影响. 有必要评估管理人员对影响酒店采用绿色技术的推动因素、障碍和技能的看法. 现有研究未能在影响酒店绿色技术使用的因素与绿色酒店网站内容之间建立适当的联系. 对 15 名经理的半结构化访谈和对 41 家印度绿色酒店网站内容的主题建模表明，在沟通和意识方面存在差距. 使用扎根理论和现象学方法的定性研究发现了诸如降低成本、保护自然价值等激励因素，以及诸如对客户的误解、高成本等障碍. 该研究强调了绿色技能作为主持人的重要性. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of classifying opinions conveyed in any form of text online is referred to as sentiment analysis. The emergence of social media usage and its spread has given room for sentiment analysis in our daily lives. Social media applications and websites have become the foremost spring of data recycled for reviews for sentimentality in various fields. Various subject matter can be encountered on social media platforms, such as movie product reviews, consumer opinions, and testimonies, among others, which can be used for sentiment analysis. The rapid uncovering of these web contents contains divergence of many benefits like profit-making, which is one of the most vital of them all. According to a recent study, 81% of consumers conduct online research prior to making a purchase. But the reviews available online are too huge and numerous for human brains to process and analyze. Hence, machine learning classifiers are one of the prominent tools used to classify sentiment in order to get valuable information for use in companies like hotels, game companies, and so on. Understanding the sentiments of people towards different commodities helps to improve the services for contextual promotions, referral systems, and market research. Therefore, this study proposes a sentiment-based framework detection to enable the rapid uncovering of opinionated contents of hotel reviews. A Naive Bayes classifier was used to process and analyze the dataset for the detection of the polarity of the words. The dataset from Datafiniti's Business Database obtained from Kaggle was used for the experiments in this study. The performance evaluation of the model shows a test accuracy of 96.08%, an F1-score of 96.00%, a precision of 96.00%, and a recall of 96.00%. The results were compared with state-of-the-art classifiers and showed a promising performance andmuch better in terms of performancemetrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary digital landscape, web search functions as a pivotal conduit for information dissemination. Nevertheless, blind users (BUs) encounter substantial barriers in leveraging online services, attributable to intrinsic deficiencies in the information structure presented by online platforms. A critical analysis reveals that a considerable segment of BUs perceive online service access as either challenging or unfeasible, with only a fraction of search endeavors culminating successfully. This predicament stems largely from the linear nature of information interaction necessitated for BUs, a process that mandates sequential content relevancy assessment, consequently imposing cognitive strain and fostering information disorientation. Moreover, the prevailing evaluative metrics for web service efficacy—precision and recall—exhibit a glaring oversight of the nuanced behavioral and usability facets pertinent to BUs during search engine design. Addressing this, our study introduces an innovative framework to facilitate information exploration, grounded in the cognitive principles governing BUs. This framework, piloted using the Wikipedia dataset, seeks to revolutionize the search result space through categorical organization, thereby enhancing accessibility for BUs. Empirical and usability assessments, conducted on a cohort of legally blind individuals (N = 25), underscore the framework's potential, demonstrating notable improvements in web content accessibility and system usability, with categorical accuracy standing at 84% and a usability quotient of 72.5%. This research thus holds significant promise for redefining web search paradigms to foster inclusivity and optimized user experiences for BUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the explosion of visual content on the Internet, creating captions for images has become a necessary task and an exciting topic for many researchers. Furthermore, image captioning is becoming increasingly important as the number of people utilizing social media platforms grows. While there is extensive research on English image captioning (EIC), studies focusing on image captioning in other languages, especially Arabic, are limited. There has also yet to be an attempt to survey Arabic image captioning (AIC) systematically. This research aims to systematically survey encoder-decoder EIC while considering the following aspects: visual model, language model, loss functions, datasets, evaluation metrics, model comparison, and adaptability to the Arabic language. A systematic review of the literature on EIC and AIC approaches published in the past nine years (2015–2023) from well-known databases (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore) is undertaken. We have identified 52 primary English and Arabic studies relevant to our objectives (The number of articles on Arabic captioning is 11, and the rest are for the English language). The literature review shows that applying the English-specific models to the Arabic language is possible, with the use of a high-quality Arabic database and following the appropriate preprocessing. Moreover, we discuss some limitations and ideas to solve them as a future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Online influencers are increasingly used by brands around the globe to establish brand communication. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of social media content in terms of presentation style and brand communication among online influencers in China. The authors identified how characteristics of social media posts influence young consumers' engagement with the posts. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyzed 1,779 posts from the Sina Weibo accounts of ten top-ranked online influencers by combining traditional content analysis with Web data crawling of audience engagement with social media posts. Findings: Online influencers in China more frequently used photos than videos to communicate with their social media audience. Altogether 8% and 6% of posts carried information about promotion and event, respectively. Posts with promotional incentives as well as event information were more likely to engage audiences. Altogether 22% of the sampled social media posts mentioned brands. Posts with brand information, however, were less likely to engage audiences. Furthermore, having long text is more effective than photos/images in generating likes from social media audiences. Originality/value: Combining content analysis of social media posts and engagement analytics obtained via Web data crawling, this study is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, one of the first empirical studies to analyze influencer marketing and young consumers' reactions to social media in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We use optimal control theory to determine the optimal rate of change in the subscription fee and the optimal ratio of ad space to the total web page space for a web content provider. An optimal solution is obtained using the maximum principle approach and the model predictive control approach. Numerical experiments show that it is preferable to use the first approach when the planning horizon is short and the second approach when the planning horizon is long. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This paper focuses on analyzing the significance of sports footwear brands by processing large text data from the Internet. In a modern environment, the brand distinguishes a company's products or services from those of its competitors. A strong brand can help build trust with customers as they perceive the brand as reliable and trustworthy. Methodology/Technique - The study uses NLP (Natural Language Processing) methods to analyze rich text content on the Internet. The research focus is based on the application of innovative methods to determine the importance and value of a brand using NLP techniques by analyzing the content of a large corpus of text originating from websites dealing with sports footwear brands. The NLP analysis models were programmed using the low-code analysis tool KNIME. Findings - The analysis is carried out for the most well-known sports footwear brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Under Armour, Reebok and Asics. The research object refers to the analysis of brand significance and the evaluation of consumer opinions on sports footwear, based on the processing of large text data from the internet. Novelty - The research results are based on an innovative approach to measuring and evaluating the brand significance in sports footwear using NLP methods to analyze large text content from the Internet. The results obtained show that this new approach to metrics and evaluation can significantly improve existing methods of brand evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of JavaScript objects in hybrid Java applications, specifically focusing on the interaction between these objects across different web pages. The WebView component is utilized to facilitate this interaction, while the SharedPreferences class is employed for local data storage. The article presents a practical implementation of this method within an electronic university system, highlighting the significance of mobile applications in enhancing scheduling efficiency and providing real-time updates. The method's successful application in the electronic timetable module of the system at Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian University in Kyiv is discussed, emphasizing its positive impact on user interface performance and system scalability. Overall, the application offers a modern and convenient tool for managing class schedules, enabling users to access up-to-date information on their mobile devices. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Significant disparity in gender distribution exists among medical specialties. Residency program websites are a main source of preliminary program information for candidates, and website content may influence a prospective applicant's sense of belongingness within a particular program. Given the importance of the residency program website as a recruiting tool, this study sought to examine and compare the presence of gendered language and imagery on residency program websites across various specialties. Methods: A list of words considered masculine or feminine was used to evaluate residency program websites of the two most male-dominated specialties (orthopedic and thoracic surgery), female-dominated specialties (pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology), and gender-balanced specialties (dermatology and family medicine) in the United States in 2022. Forty-five residency programs were randomly selected from each specialty across different regions of the US, with the exception of thoracic surgery of which there are only 33 programs. Masculine and feminine words were evaluated using a parsing and scraping program. Representation of female and male-presenting team members in photos on program websites was also evaluated. Results: Masculine wording occurred more frequently in male-dominated specialties compared to gender-balanced (p = 0.0030), but not female-dominated specialties (p = 0.2199). Feminine language was used more frequently in female-dominated compared to male dominated fields (p = 0.0022), but not gender balanced (p = 0.0909). The ratio of masculine-to-feminine words used was significantly higher in male-dominated specialties compared to both gender-balanced (p < 0.0001) and female-dominated specialties. (p < 0.0001). There was an average of 1, 7, and 10 female-presenting residency team members pictured on each male-dominated, gender balanced, and female-dominated specialty RPW respectively, with significantly more female-presenting team members pictured in the photographs on female-dominated specialty websites when compared to male-dominated and gender-balanced specialty websites (p < 0.0001, p = 0.014). Conclusions: The use of gendered language and female representation in photographs varies significantly across specialties and is directly correlated with gender representation within the specialty. Given that students' perceptions of specialty programs may be affected by the use of language and photos on residency program websites, programs should carefully consider the language and pictures depicted on their program websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Every user uses a search engine to find health information from websites. Content‐rich health websites are considered in our research as wrong information in these websites can threaten life. Search engines give a list of URLs related to their search keyword. Generally, the user follows the top websites displayed by the search engine. Newly constructed websites do not have ratings, hit counts, and reviews. The search engine does not display newly constructed websites in their top rank. In such a case, the newly constructed website with the same content as the website displayed at the top of the search engine loses the user's trust. Another problem is; the phishing website URLs are also displayed by the Google Search engine, which appear similar to the genuine websites. To solve the problem and enhance the trust of health websites which is not at the top of the search engine among users, we have proposed an approach that extracts all URLs based on the keyword. It identifies all legitimate URLs using a Machine Learning classifier. Address bar features, Domain name features, HTML, and JavaScript features were identified for the dataset of getting legitimate URLs. Three classifiers (Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) were trained and evaluated. Decision Tree has the highest training accuracy, 94.125, testing accuracy, 92.75, and precision score of 96.97. The cross‐validation score of all three models is almost 93. Therefore, Decision tree is used to identify legitimate websites. After getting the list of legitimate URLs, all the content of the legitimate website is extracted. A Semantic Similarity between top‐rank legitimate website content and legitimate websites is found using Natural language processing techniques. Then the websites are ranked based on similarity and the value of the trust is assigned from highly trustable to less trustable. We have compared and correlated our results with the Web of Trust, a reputation tool for trust analysis, and have achieved a positive correlation. Thus, our approach removes phishing websites and enhances the trust in other websites that are not at the top of the search engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an accurate economic characterization of the supply of edible mushrooms throughout Italy within the European context to fill the relevant research gap and highlight barriers and opportunities that are consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. Italian companies operating in this field were identified and economically characterized using the Chamber of Commerce's Register of Companies. A qualitative web content analysis was then conducted to extract information about the marketed products, mushroom species, and retail channels, as well as the adopted certifications. The obtained data were quantitatively analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis. The Italian market is concentrated in northern areas of the country, and the limited company size indicates fragmentation at the production level, which led to Italy not being competitive enough and, thus, heavily rely on imports. Production is limited to less than 10 species, and innovative mushroom-based products, such as burgers, have shown a limited presence on the market, although they are gaining market share online. The novelty of growing kits highlights the potential to use food production waste to create fungal substrates. Investments in training new mushroom growers and studying new formulations and new fungal species are needed; these investments could allow greater market differentiation and be a good opportunity to promote local economies and create new job opportunities, thus meeting the requirements for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern time, man has changed the ways to communicate, connect, and express thoughts. Using memes is one of the modern human means to sending messages and interacting. This study aims to investigate the thematic content of internet memes in Jordan during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic. To accomplish this, a total of 337 memes were collected, analysed, and discussed. This study is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. It uses qualitative content analysis methods to analyse its data. The study reveals that memes in Jordan in this period of time have different thematic content. The following themes have emerged from the data: lockdown, society and culture, politics, online education, family relations, health, religion, and China. The study shows that the most common themes in the data have been lockdown and society and culture, whereas the least common themes have been China and religion. Investigating memes offers a better understanding of the relationship between language and culture. Further research has been suggested in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With an ever-evolving digital and virtual world hastened by the COVID-19 pandemic, prospective colon and rectal surgery fellowship applicants must rely on online sources of information, such as websites, rather than in-person visits to fellowship programs. This study analyzes and evaluates the content and accuracy of colon and rectal surgery fellowship program websites. Methods: The Fellowship and Residency Electronic and Interactive Database website provides a complete collection of colon and rectal surgery fellowship websites based in the USA. The accessibility of the websites was verified via Google search, and relevant content for the applicants was evaluated based on 50-point criteria. Results: Analysis of 60 fellowship program websites was conducted, out of which only a fifth (20%) were kept up to date. Twenty-seven (45%) websites fulfilled 50% of the 50-point criteria. The most and least included data points were program overview (69%) and residential/housing information (24%). Most websites contained basic information relevant to international applicants but lacked crucial information such as visa sponsorship (12%) and city information (23%). Conclusion: An informative and easily accessible website is essential for prospective applicants to choose the best program for their career goals and academic needs. This study highlighted multiple areas for potential improvement in the colon and rectal surgery program websites. Individual colon and rectal surgery programs may benefit and attract more candidates to their programs through a fully optimized website design and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, excessive internet use is identified as a challenge. This study aimed to compare 'Problematic Internet Use' (PIU) using DSM-5 based criterion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and its 'content usage' among adolescents, and adults amid the current pandemic. We also explored the role of age, gender, domains of internet behavior and content usage as predictors of PIU. This was a cross-sectional study with a total sample of 1027 participants [456 adolescents; 347 young adults and 224 middle age-adults]. Chi-square was conducted to study differences between the groups. Further, Pearson (point biserial) correlation and hierarchical regression were carried out. Results showed that 31.58% (M = 3.51, S.D. = 2.38) of total adolescents, 25.08% of total young adults (M = 2.89, S.D. = 2.22) and 17% middle-aged adults (M = 2.32, S.D. = 2.18) fulfilled the criterion (≥ 5 symptoms) based on DSM 5. Compared to young adults, more adolescents reported 'Preoccupation', 'Persistence' and 'Problems'. However, more young adults reported 'Tolerance', 'Escape' and 'Conflict' in comparison to the middle-age adults. In terms of gender, males scored higher than females on 'Withdrawal' and 'Conflict'. Whereas, females scored higher than males on 'Escape'. The regression model showed age, social media, online entertainment, and gaming as significant predictors of PIU. Additionally, there were significant differences in symptoms of PIU, and content of internet use across age brackets. This study provides further clarity on the conceptualization of PIU, and guides meaningful way forward to prevent and manage PIU in the vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles within the issue on topics including online human information-seeking behavior, trust in nutrition information sources used by university students, digital content and personal digital legacy.

The digital content that users create over their lifetime can become part of their own digital legacy, so it needs to be organised and preserved if we want to make it accessible in the future. This paper presents the results of the exploratory study conducted in Croatia in 2022. The aim of the research was to determine the opinions and attitudes of the participants included in the study about their own personal digital legacy and to examine in what way and to what extent users organize their personal digital content for the future. The purpose of this research is to raise awareness about the importance of organizing digital content and preserving one's personal digital legacy. In this study, two research questions were answered: a) Are respondents aware of their own personal digital legacy and what are their attitudes/opinions about the subject?; and b) In what way and to what extent the respondents organize and preserve their personal digital legacy? Results showed that respondents in this study are (still) not aware of the significance of the personal digital legacy and the value and potential obstacles for accessing it can have to their potential heirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss epistemological and methodological aspects of web archive analytics, a recent development towards more data-centred access to web archives. More specifically, we suggest understanding both the process of archiving and subsequent steps of analysis at scale as acts of observation that can be questioned for their epistemological priori. Therefore, we propose the concepts of 'blind spots' (features of the live web not included upon creation in the archive) and 'silences' (latent features present in the archive but requiring a particular method to be made articulate). In particular, we address two forms of silences playing a structural role in web archive analytics, crucial to both historians and social scientists alike: abundance (or scale) and time. We trace epistemological implications of web archive analytics across an exemplary case study workflow and suggest methodological answers to the issues raised in this process. On the data extraction side, we introduce warc2corpus (w2c), a new tool for extracting granular, structured data, especially temporal information related to the creation, modification, and publication specifically of webpages. For data analysis, we demonstrate how distant reading techniques—more specifically structural topic modelling (STM)—can contribute to providing a rich, temporally structured representation of textual web archive content that in turn can be subjected to scholarly inquiry, interpretation, and re-contextualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]