136 results on '"Hong, Yi-Ren"'
Search Results
102. Characterization of two non-testis-specific CABYR variants that bind to GSK3β with a proline-rich extensin-like domain
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Hsu, Hui-Chun, primary, Lee, Yun-Lin, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, Chang, Li-Kwan, additional, Lu, Pei-Jung, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2005
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103. Differential expression and splicing isoform analysis of human Tcf-4 transcription factor in brain tumors
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Howng, Shen-Long, primary, Huang, Feng-Hsiang, additional, Hwang, Shiuh-Lin, additional, Lieu, Ann-Shuung, additional, Sy, Wei-Di, additional, Wang, Chihuei, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2004
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104. Post-translational Modification of Rta of Epstein-Barr Virus by SUMO-1
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Chang, Li-Kwan, primary, Lee, Yu-Hsiu, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Hong, Yi-Ren, additional, Lu, Pei-Jung, additional, Wang, Janng J., additional, Wang, Wen-Hung, additional, Kuo, Chung-Wen, additional, Li, Steven S.-L., additional, and Liu, Shih-Tung, additional
- Published
- 2004
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105. A novel ninein‐interaction protein, CGI‐99, blocks ninein phosphorylation by GSK3β and is highly expressed in brain tumors
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Howng, Shen-Long, primary, Hsu, Hui-Chun, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Lee, Yun-Lin, additional, Chang, Li-Kwan, additional, Lu, Pei-Jung, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2004
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106. Genomic organization, alternative splicing, and promoter analysis of human dynamin-like protein gene
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Howng, Shen-Long, primary, Sy, Wei-Di, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Lieu, Ann-Shung, additional, Wang, Chihuei, additional, Tzou, Wen-Shyong, additional, Cho, Chung-Lung, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2004
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107. Identification of the Substrates and Interaction Proteins of Aurora Kinases from a Protein-Protein Interaction Model
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Tien, An-Chi, primary, Lin, Ming-Hong, additional, Su, Li-Jen, additional, Hong, Yi-Ren, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Lee, Yuan-Chii G., additional, Lin, Wey-Jinq, additional, Still, Ivan H., additional, and Huang, Chi-Ying F., additional
- Published
- 2004
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108. Molecular characterization of human ninein protein: two distinct subdomains required for centrosomal targeting and regulating signals in cell cycle
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Chen, Chang-Han, primary, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Chou, Meng-Hui, additional, Huang, Chi-Ying, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2003
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109. Differential expression of Wnt genes, β-catenin and E-cadherin in human brain tumors
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Howng, Shen-Long, primary, Wu, Chia-Hung, additional, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Sy, Wei-Di, additional, Lin, Pi-Chu K., additional, Wang, Chihuei, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2002
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110. Boundary Sequences of the NADPH Oxidase p67phox C-Terminal SH3 Domain Play on Its Specificity
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Hwang, Shen-Long, primary, Cheng, Tai-Shan, additional, Chen, Chang-Han, additional, Sun, Yuh-Ju, additional, Hsiao, Chwan-Deng, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2001
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111. Genomic Organization and Molecular Characterization of the Human Ninein Gene
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Hong, Yi-Ren, primary, Chen, Chang-Han, additional, Chuo, Meng-Hui, additional, Liou, Shiau-Yun, additional, and Howng, Shen-Long, additional
- Published
- 2000
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112. 整合供給與需求的供應鏈配銷系統
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Chen, Fei-Long, primary, Tsai, Shau-Da, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2000
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113. HUMAN NINEIN, A CENTROSOME ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, INTERACTS WITH GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 BETA
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Chen, Chang-Han, primary, Chang, Jing-Hon, additional, Wang, Shang-Kwei, additional, Chou, Woei-Di Sy. Chen-Kung, additional, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2000
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114. Cloning and characterization of a novel human ninein protein that interacts with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β
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Hong, Yi-Ren, primary, Chen, Chang-Han, additional, Chang, Jing-Hon, additional, Wang, Shang-kwei, additional, Sy, Woei-Di, additional, Chou, Chen-Kung, additional, and Howng, Shen-Long, additional
- Published
- 2000
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115. Differential Expression of Four Human Dynamin-Like Protein Variants in Brain Tumors
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Chen, Chang-Han, primary, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, Hwang, Shiuh-Lin, additional, Chou, Chen-Kung, additional, Liao, Chen-Hua, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2000
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116. Three Rat Brain Alternative Splicing Dynamin-like Protein Variants: Interaction with the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β and Action as a Substrate
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Chen, Chang-Han, primary, Hwang, Shiuh-Lin, additional, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, Chou, Chen-Kung, additional, and Hong, Yi-Ren, additional
- Published
- 2000
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117. Expression and Mutagenesis Studies of Cobrotoxin from Taiwan Cobra
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Chang, Long-sen, primary, Chen, Ku-chung, additional, Wu, Bin-nan, additional, Lin, Shu-kai, additional, Wu, Pei-fung, additional, Hong, Yi-ren, additional, and Yang, Chen-chung, additional
- Published
- 1999
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118. Human Dynamin-like Protein Interacts with the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β
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Hong, Yi-Ren, primary, Chen, Chang-Han, additional, Cheng, Da-Shan, additional, Howng, Shen-Long, additional, and Chow, Chen-Chuan, additional
- Published
- 1998
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119. Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase p67-phoxPossesses a Novel Carboxylterminal Binding Site for the GTPases Rac2 and Cdc42
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Faris, Sima L., primary, Rinckel, Lori A., additional, Huang, Jin, additional, Hong, Yi-Ren, additional, and Kleinberg, Michael E., additional
- Published
- 1998
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120. Protection from proteolysis using a T::T7-RNAP phage expression-packaging-processing system
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Hong, Yi-Ren, primary, Mullaney, Julienne M., additional, and Black, Lindsay W., additional
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- 1995
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121. Protein Folding Studies in Vivo with a Bacteriophage T4 Expression-Packaging-Processing Vector That Delivers Encapsidated Fusion Proteins into Bacteria
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Hong, Yi-Ren, primary and Black, Lindsay W., additional
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- 1993
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122. Potassium-Channel Openers KMUP-1 and Pinacidil Prevent Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Vasospasm by Restoring the BKCa-Channel Activity.
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Chen, Jun-Yih, Cheng, Kuang-I, Tsai, Yi-Lin, Hong, Yi-Ren, Howng, Shen-Long, Kwan, Aij-Lie, Chen, Ing-Jun, and Wu, Bin-Nan
- Published
- 2012
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123. Heat shock induces expression of OSTC/DC2, a novel subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, in vitroand in vivo
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Chen, Chien‐Ming, Tseng, Chao‐Neng, Cho, Jonathan J., Lee, Ya‐Zhe, Kao, Chiu‐Li, Cheng, Yuan‐Bin, Hong, Yi‐Ren, and Cho, Chung‐Lung
- Abstract
Mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase complex subunit OSTC/DC2 protein has recently been shown to be a new subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase; however, its physiological role is still unclear. Here, we report the expression pattern of OSTC/DC2 protein in the context of heat shock stress. Its upregulation was detected both in cells treated with heat shock in vitroand in an animal model of heat shock in vivo. Northern blot analysis indicated that OSTC/DC2 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues, with abundant expression in the placenta and liver. The temporal changes of OSTC/DC2 protein expression following acute heat shock in human malignant glioblastoma cell line U87MG and mice were analyzed by Western blot assay. In general, expression of OSTC/DC2 protein was elevated after heat shock; however, the time courses of the change of OSTC/DC2 protein expression varied in different tissues. In the cerebellum, heat shock induction of OSTC/DC2 protein and activation of AKT, a key regulator of stress response, followed a similar time course. These results suggest that the upregulation of OSTC/DC2, a novel component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, is part of the mammalian heat shock response.
- Published
- 2014
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124. GSKIP-Mediated Anchoring Increases Phosphorylation of Tau by PKA but Not by GSK3beta via cAMP/PKA/GSKIP/GSK3/Tau Axis Signaling in Cerebrospinal Fluid and iPS Cells in Alzheimer Disease.
- Author
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Ko, Huey-Jiun, Chiou, Shean-Jaw, Wong, Yu-Hui, Wang, Yin-Hsuan, Lai, Yun-Ling, Chou, Chia-Hua, Wang, Chihuei, Loh, Joon-Khim, Lieu, Ann-Shung, Cheng, Jiin-Tsuey, Lin, Yu-Te, Lu, Pei-Jung, Fann, Ming-Ji, Huang, Chi-Ying, and Hong, Yi-Ren
- Subjects
TAU proteins ,INDUCED pluripotent stem cells ,CEREBROSPINAL fluid ,AMYLOID beta-protein precursor ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,PLURIPOTENT stem cells ,FRONTOTEMPORAL lobar degeneration - Abstract
Based on the protein kinase A (PKA)/GSK3β interaction protein (GSKIP)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) axis, we hypothesized that these might play a role in Tau phosphorylation. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of Tau Ser409 in SHSY5Y cells was increased by overexpression of GSKIP WT more than by PKA- and GSK3β-binding defective mutants (V41/L45 and L130, respectively). We conducted in vitro assays of various kinase combinations to show that a combination of GSK3β with PKA but not Ca
2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) might provide a conformational shelter to harbor Tau Ser409. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated to extend the clinical significance of Tau phosphorylation status in Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurological disorders (NAD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We found higher levels of different PKA–Tau phosphorylation sites (Ser214, Ser262, and Ser409) in AD than in NAD, MCI, and normal groups. Moreover, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to produce amyloid precursor protein (APPWT/D678H ) isogenic mutants. These results demonstrated an enhanced level of phosphorylation by PKA but not by the control. This study is the first to demonstrate a transient increase in phosphor-Tau caused by PKA, but not GSK3β, in the CSF and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of AD, implying that both GSKIP and GSK3β function as anchoring proteins to strengthen the cAMP/PKA/Tau axis signaling during AD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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125. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie H., Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis E., Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon E., Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat B., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed N., Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, V, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M., Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M., Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A., Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gomez, Elisabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Al-Bari, M. Abdul Alim, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugenia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo D., Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alves, Sara, da Costa, Cristine Alves, Alzaharna, Mazen M., Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal O., Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig U., Andrabi, Shaida A., Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen M., Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche C., Ansari, Mohammad Y., Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Anton, Zurine, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araujo, Wagner L., Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arevalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnaune-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela S., Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Ruben, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas G., Au, Alicia K., Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger W., Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Celia Alexandra, AvinWittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan M., Backues, Steven K., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima T., Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio S., Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barila, Daniela, Barlow, Peter G., Barmada, Sami J., Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George E., Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav R., Basagoudanavar, Suresh H., Bassham, Diane C., Jr, Robert C. Bast, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E., Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz R. G., Beck, George R., Jr., Beers, Michael F., Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touze, Naima, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Bello Perez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, de Oliveira Beltran, Jackeline Soares, Beltran, Sebastian, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A., Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W., Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amelie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G., Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M., Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S., Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J., Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A., Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B., Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S., Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, BoeszeBattaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S., Boone, Brian A., Bootman, Martin D., Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C., Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jurgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M., Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M., Boulton, Michael E., Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M., Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, V, Bozi, Luiz H. M., Bozkurt, Tolga O., Brackney, Doug E., Brandts, Christian H., Braun, Ralf J., Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, Jose M., Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Alvarez, Elida M. C., Brodsky, Jeffrey L., Brody, Steven L., Bronson, Paola G., Bronstein, Jeff M., Brown, Carolyn N., Brown, Rhoderick E., Brum, Patricia C., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J. Ross, Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R., Buron, M. Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Buttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairo, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A., Caldwell, Guy A., Caldwell, Kim A., Call, Jarrod A., Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C., Barrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Camara, Niels Os, Camonis, Jacques H., Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M., Campbell-Valois, Francois-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C., Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, de Almeida, Danilo Candido, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Canti, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Carames, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H., Cardenal-Munoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carle, Georges F., Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A., Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M., Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F., Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F., Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D., Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L., Rica, Paula Cebollada, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafre, Victoria, Cerqueira, Joao J., Cerutti, Janete M., Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W., Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D., Chan, H. Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew T., V, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K., Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K., Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frederic, Cheetham, Michael E., Chen, ChangShi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L., Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, MuKuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, XinMing, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, YuJen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J., Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, V, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, I, Chiurchiu, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Mary E., Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S., Chu, Charleen T., Chua, Jason P., Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M., Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M., Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A., Colell, Anna, Coll, Nuria S., Collins, Mark O., Colombo, Maria, I, Colon-Ramos, Daniel A., Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Marcia R., Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Kevin M., Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P., Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J., Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C., Cybulsky, Andrey, V, Czaja, Mark J., Czuczwar, Stanislaw J., D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew C., D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James A., Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K., Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P., Darling, April L., Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K., Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N., Davies, Jeffrey S., Davila, Valeria A., Davis, Roger J., Davis, Tanja, Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G., De Meyer, Guido R. Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J., Decuypere, JeanPaul, Deehan, Mark A., Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R., Delbridge, Lea M. D., Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M. Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D., Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M., Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Dickinson, Jared M., Diederich, Marc, Dieude, Melanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T., Dionne, Marc S., Distler, Jorg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick C. 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T., Enserink, Jorrit M., Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Falco, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn H., Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro F., Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony O., Feldman, Arthur M., Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Araujo, Thais Fenz, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., FernandezVeledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair R., Ferrante, Anthony W., Jr., Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari F., Ferreira, Julio C. B., Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, FilippiChiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward A., Fisher, Paul B., Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven J., Flo, Trude H., Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa B., Friedman, Scott L., Frohlich, Leopold F., Fruhbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose M., Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela U., Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria F., Kankanamalage, Sachith Gallolu, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian G., Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noe, Garcia, Veronica E., Garcia-Del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, GarciaGarcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, Garcia-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garcia-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek D., Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert F., Gassen, Nils C., Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian E., Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David A., Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary E., Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen E., Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David C., Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana R., Gomez, Rodrigo, Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix M., Gonzalez-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A., Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina S., Gorbunov, Nikolai, V, Gorojod, Roxana M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Graler, Markus H., Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua P., Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen L., Griffin, Edward F., Grinstaff, Mark W., Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina S., Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos M., Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillen, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gunther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya R., Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Fernandez, Alvaro F., Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa B., Gutterman, David D., Ranjitha, H. B., Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hafren, Anders J., Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda S., Hallden, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis, I, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Nagoor, Noor Hasima, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne D., Hay, Bruce A., Haynes, Cole M., Hayrabedyan, Soren B., Hays, Thomas S., He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, RongRong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander M., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernandez, Agustin, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervas, Javier H., Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker T., Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hlavacek, William S., Ho, Emmanuel A., Ho, Idy H. T., Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, ShuLeong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter H. M., Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Hohn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, I, Hombrebueno, Jose R., Hong, Chang-Won, Hong, Yi-Ren, Hooper, Lora, V, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael L. H., Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias B., Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian A., Hughes, Stephanie M., Hughes, William E., Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James H., Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick J., Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise M., Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, V, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saska, Iyer, Anand Krishnan, V, Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Masanori, Jaattela, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William T., Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen J., Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, JansenDurr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric J., Jantsch, Jonathan, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, JeltschDavid, Helene, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas E., Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna L., Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnston, Simon A., Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juarez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhasz, Gabor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, SungChul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta S., Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Kantorow, Marc, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karamouzis, Michalis, V, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh G., Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan H. 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J., Martin, Katie R., Martin, Sara, Martin, Shaun, Martin-Segura, Adrian, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A., Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada, Martin-Rincon, Marcos, Martin-Sanz, Paloma, Martina, Jose A., Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Aitor, Martinez, Ana, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez Velazquez, Moises, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Daniel O., Lange, Ulo, Lopez-Perez, Oscar, Martins, Joilson O., Martins, Waleska K., Martins-Marques, Tania, Marzetti, Emanuele, Masaldan, Shashank, Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine, Mashek, Douglas G., Massa, Valentina, Massieu, Lourdes, Masson, Glenn R., Masuelli, Laura, Masyuk, Anatoliy, I, Masyuk, Tetyana, V, Matarrese, Paola, Matheu, Ander, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsuzaki, Sachiko, Mattar, Pamela, Matte, Alessandro, Mattoscio, Domenico, Mauriz, Jose L., Mauthe, Mario, Mauvezin, Caroline, Maverakis, Emanual, Maycotte, Paola, Mayer, Johanna, Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi, Mazzoni, Cristina, Mazzulli, Joseph R., McCarty, Nami, McDonald, Christine, McGill, Mitchell R., McKenna, Sharon L., McLaughlin, BethAnn, McLoughlin, Fionn, McNiven, Mark A., McWilliams, Thomas G., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medeiros, Tania Catarina, Medina, Diego L., Megeney, Lynn A., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Meijer, Alfred J., Meijer, Annemarie H., Mejlvang, Jakob, Melendez, Alicia, Melk, Annette, Memisoglu, Gonen, Mendes, Alexandrina F., Meng, Delong, Meng, Fei, Meng, Tian, Menna-Barreto, Rubem, Menon, Manoj B., Mercer, Carol, Mercier, Anne E., Mergny, Jean-Louis, Merighi, Adalberto, Merkley, Seth D., Merla, Giuseppe, Meske, Volker, Mestre, Ana Cecilia, Metur, Shree Padma, Meyer, Christian, Meyer, Hemmo, Mi, Wenyi, Mialet-Perez, Jeanne, Miao, Junying, Micale, Lucia, Miki, Yasuo, Milan, Enrico, Miller, Dana L., Miller, Samuel, I, Miller, Silke, Millward, Steven W., Milosevic, Ira, Minina, Elena A., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Mirzaei, Mehdi, Mishra, Amit, Mishra, Nandita, Mishra, Paras Kumar, Marjanovic, Maja Misirkic, Misasi, Roberta, Misra, Amit, Misso, Gabriella, Mitchell, Claire, Mitou, Geraldine, Miura, Tetsuji, Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazaki, Makoto, Miyazaki, Mitsunori, Miyazaki, Taiga, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mogensen, Trine H., Mograbi, Baharia, Mohammadinejad, Reza, Mohamud, Yasir, Mohanty, Abhishek, Mohapatra, Sipra, Mohlmann, Torsten, Mohmmed, Asif, Moles, Anna, Moley, Kelle H., Molinari, Maurizio, Mollace, Vincenzo, Muller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Montagna, Costanza, Monteiro, Mervyn J., Montella, Andrea, Montes, L. Ruth, Montico, Barbara, Mony, Vinod K., Compagnoni, Giacomo Monzio, Moore, Michael N., Moosavi, Mohammad A., Mora, Ana L., Mora, Marina, Morales-Alamo, David, Moratalla, Rosario, Moreira, Paula, I, Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra, Moreno-Blas, Daniel, Moresi, Viviana, Morga, Benjamin, Morgan, Alwena H., Morin, Fabrice, Morishita, Hideaki, Moritz, Orson L., Moriyama, Mariko, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morleo, Manuela, Morselli, Eugenia, Moruno-Manchon, Jose F., Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Moura, Andrea Felinto, Moustaid-Moussa, Naima, Mrakovcic, Maria, MucinoHernandez, Gabriel, Mukherjee, Anupam, Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Mulero, Victoriano, Muller, Sylviane, Munch, Christian, Munjal, Ashok, Munoz-Canoves, Pura, Munoz-Galdeano, Teresa, Munz, Christian, Murakawa, Tomokazu, Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, Brona M., Murphy, J. Patrick, Murthy, Aditya, Myohanen, Timo T., Mysorekar, Indira U., Mytych, Jennifer, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Nabissi, Massimo, Nagy, Peter, Nah, Jihoon, Nahimana, Aimable, Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakamura, Ken, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nandi, Shyam S., Nanjundan, Meera, Nanni, Monica, Napolitano, Gennaro, Nardacci, Roberta, Narita, Masashi, Nassif, Melissa, Nathan, Ilana, Natsumeda, Manabu, Naude, Ryno J., Naumann, Christin, Naveiras, Olaia, Navid, Fatemeh, Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazio, Francesca, Negoita, Florentina, Neill, Thomas, Neisch, Amanda L., Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Neubert, Patrick, Neufeld, Thomas P., Neumann, Dietbert, Neutzner, Albert, Newton, Phillip T., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Ng, Charlene C. W., Ng, Tzi Bun, Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nguyen, Long T., Ni, Hong-Min, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Ni, Zhenhong, Nicolao, M. Celeste, Nicoli, Francesco, Nieto-Diaz, Manuel, Nilsson, Per, Ning, Shunbin, Niranjan, Rituraj, Nishimune, Hiroshi, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Nixon, Ralph A., Nobili, Annalisa, Nobrega, Clevio, Noda, Takeshi, Nogueira-Recalde, Uxia, Nolan, Trevor M., Nombela, Ivan, Novak, Ivana, Novoa, Beatriz, Nozawa, Takashi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen, Nylandsted, Jesper, O'Donovan, Tracey R., O'Leary, Seonadh M., O'Rourke, Eyleen J., O'Sullivan, Mary P., O'Sullivan, Timothy E., Oddo, Salvatore, Oehme, Ina, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogier-Denis, Eric, Ogmundsdottir, Margret H., Ogretmen, Besim, Oh, Goo Taeg, Oh, Seon-Hee, Oh, Young J., Ohama, Takashi, Ohashi, Yohei, Ohmuraya, Masaki, Oikonomou, Vasileios, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazawa, Hitoshi, Oku, Masahide, Olivan, Sara, Oliveira, Jorge M. A., Ollmann, Michael, Olzmann, James A., Omari, Shakib, Omary, M. Bishr, Onal, Gizem, Ondrej, Martin, Ong, Sang-Bing, Ong, Sang-Ging, Onnis, Anna, Orellana, Juan A., Orellana-Munoz, Sara, Ortega-Villaizan, Maria Del Mar, Ortiz-Gonzalez, Xilma R., Ortona, Elena, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Osman, Abdel-Hamid K., Osta, Rosario, Otegui, Marisa S., Otsu, Kinya, Ott, Christiane, Ottobrini, Luisa, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Outeiro, Tiago F., Oynebraten, Inger, Ozturk, Melek, Pages, Gilles, Pahari, Susanta, Pajares, Marta, Pajvani, Utpal B., Pal, Rituraj, Paladino, Simona, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmieri, Michela, Palmisano, Giuseppe, Palumbo, Camilla, Pampaloni, Francesco, Pan, Lifeng, Pan, Qingjun, Pan, Wenliang, Pan, Xin, Panasyuk, Ganna, Pandey, Rahul, Pandey, Udai B., Pandya, Vrajesh, Paneni, Francesco, Pang, Shirley Y., Panzarini, Elisa, Papademetrio, Daniela L., Papaleo, Elena, Papinski, Daniel, Papp, Diana, Park, Eun Chan, Park, Hwan Tae, Park, Ji-Man, Park, JongIn, Park, Joon Tae, Park, Junsoo, Park, Sang Chul, Park, Sang-Youel, Parola, Abraham H., Parys, Jan B., Pasquier, Adrien, Pasquier, Benoit, Passos, Joao F., Pastore, Nunzia, Patel, Hemal H., Patschan, Daniel, Pattingre, Sophie, Pedraza-Alva, Gustavo, Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose, Pedrozo, Zully, Pei, Gang, Pei, Jianming, Peled-Zehavi, Hadas, Pellegrini, Joaquin M., Pelletier, Joffrey, Penalva, Miguel A., Peng, Di, Peng, Ying, Penna, Fabio, Pennuto, Maria, Pentimalli, Francesca, Pereira, Claudia Mf, Pereira, Gustavo J. S., Pereira, Lilian C., de Almeida, Luis Pereira, Perera, Nirma D., PerezOliva, Ana B., Perez-Perez, Maria Esther, Periyasamy, Palsamy, Perl, Andras, Perrotta, Cristiana, Perrotta, Ida, Pestell, Richard G., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrovski, Goran, Pfirrmann, Thorsten, Pfister, Astrid S., Philips, Jennifer A., Pi, Huifeng, Picca, Anna, Pickrell, Alicia M., Picot, Sandy, Pierantoni, Giovanna M., Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie, Pierzynowska, Karolina, Pietrocola, Federico, Pietruczuk, Miroslawa, Pignata, Claudio, PimentelMuinos, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pinheiro, Roberta O., Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinton, Paolo, Pircs, Karolina, Piya, Sujan, Pizzo, Paola, Plantinga, Theo S., Platta, Harald W., Plaza-Zabala, Ainhoa, Plomann, Markus, Plotnikov, Egor Y., Plun-Favreau, Helene, Pluta, Ryszard, Pocock, Roger, Poggeler, Stefanie, Pohl, Christian, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Ponpuak, Marisa, Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Porta, Helena, Alcon, Soledad Porte, Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana, Post, Martin, Potts, Malia B., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Ted, Prahlad, Veena, Prajsnar, Tomasz K., Pratico, Domenico, Prencipe, Rosaria, Priault, Muriel, ProikasCezanne, Tassula, Promponas, Vasilis J., Proud, Christopher G., Puertollano, Rosa, Puglielli, Luigi, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas, Puri, Deepika, Puri, Rajat, Puyal, Julien, Qi, Xiaopeng, Qi, Yongmei, Qian, Wenbin, Qiang, Lei, Qiu, Yu, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quarleri, Jorge, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Ragona, Debora, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahimi, Nader, Rahmati, Marveh, Raia, Valeria, Raimundo, Nuno, Rajasekaran, Namakkal-Soorappan, Rao, Sriganesh Ramachandra, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramirez-Pardo, Ignacio, Ramsden, David B., Randow, Felix, Rangarajan, Pundi N., Ranieri, Danilo, Rao, Hai, Rao, Lang, Rao, Rekha, Rathore, Sumit, Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Ratovitski, Edward A., Ravanan, Palaniyandi, Ravegnini, Gloria, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Rebecca, Vito, Reggiori, Fulvio, Regnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S., Reigada, David, Reiling, Jan H., Rein, Theo, Reipert, Siegfried, Rekha, Rokeya Sultana, Ren, Hongmei, Ren, Jun, Ren, Weichao, Renault, Tristan, Renga, Giorgia, Reue, Karen, Rewitz, Kim, de Andrade Ramos, Bruna Ribeiro, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Teresa M., Ricci, Jean-Ehrland, Ricci, Romeo, Riccio, Victoria, Richardson, Des R., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Risbud, Makarand, V, Risueno, Ruth M., Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizza, Salvatore, Rizzuto, Rosario, Roberts, Helen C., Roberts, Luke D., Robinson, Katherine J., Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodney, George G., Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodrigues Silva, Vagner Ramon, Rodriguez, Amaia, Rodriguez-Barrueco, Ruth, Rodriguez-Henche, Nieves, Rodriguez-Rocha, Humberto, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogers, Robert S., Rogov, Vladimir V., Rojo, Ana, I, Rolka, Krzysztof, Romanello, Vanina, Romani, Luigina, Romano, Alessandra, Romano, Patricia S., Romeo-Guitart, David, Romero, Luis C., Romero, Montserrat, Roney, Joseph C., Rongo, Christopher, Roperto, Sante, Rosenfeldt, Mathias T., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rosenwald, Anne G., Roth, Kevin A., Roth, Lynn, Roth, Steven, Rouschop, Kasper M. A., Roussel, Benoit D., Roux, Sophie, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Roy, Ajit, Rozieres, Aurore, Ruano, Diego, Rubinsztein, David C., Rubtsova, Maria P., Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Ruckenstuhl, Christoph, Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Rudiger, Ruggieri, Alessandra, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, Rusmini, Paola, Russell, Ryan R., Russo, Gian Luigi, Russo, Maria, Russo, Rossella, Ryabaya, Oxana O., Ryan, Kevin M., Ryu, Kwon-Yul, Sabater-Arcis, Maria, Sachdev, Ulka, Sacher, Michael, Sachse, Carsten, Sadhu, Abhishek, Sadoshima, Junichi, Safren, Nathaniel, Saftig, Paul, Sagona, Antonia P., Sahay, Gaurav, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahin, Mustafa, Sahin, Ozgur, Sahni, Sumit, Saito, Nayuta, Saito, Shigeru, Saito, Tsunenori, Sakai, Ryohei, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi, Saksela, Kalle, Salazar, Gloria, Salazar-Degracia, Anna, Salekdeh, Ghasem H., Saluja, Ashok K., Sampaio-Marques, Belem, Sanchez, Maria Cecilia, Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A., Sanchez-Vera, Victoria, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sanderson, J. Thomas, Sandri, Marco, Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santana, Magda M., Santoni, Giorgio, Sanz, Alberto, Sanz, Pascual, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargeant, Timothy J., Sarin, Apurva, Sarkar, Chinmoy, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria-Rosa, Sarkar, Surajit, Sarmah, Dipanka Tanu, Sarparanta, Jaakko, Sathyanarayan, Aishwarya, Sathyanarayanan, Ranganayaki, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Scatozza, Francesca, Schaefer, Liliana, Schafer, Zachary T., Schaible, Ulrich E., Schapira, Anthony H., V, Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Schein, Catherine H., Scheper, Wiep, Scheuring, David, Schiaffino, Maria Vittoria, Schiappacassi, Monica, Schindl, Rainer, Schlattner, Uwe, Schmidt, Oliver, Schmitt, Roland, Schmidt, Stephen D., Schmitz, Ingo, Schmukler, Eran, Schneider, Anja, Schneider, Bianca E., Schober, Romana, Schoijet, Alejandra C., Schott, Micah B., Schramm, Michael, Schroder, Bernd, Schuh, Kai, Schuller, Christoph, Schulze, Ryan J., Schurmanns, Lea, Schwamborn, Jens C., Schwarten, Melanie, Scialo, Filippo, Sciarretta, Sebastiano, Scott, Melanie J., Scotto, Kathleen W., Scovassi, A. Ivana, Scrima, Andrea, Scrivo, Aurora, Sebastian, David, Sebti, Salwa, Sedej, Simon, Segatori, Laura, Segev, Nava, Seglen, Per O., Seiliez, Iban, Seki, Ekihiro, Selleck, Scott B., Sellke, Frank W., Perez-Lara, Angel, Selsby, Joshua T., Sendtner, Michael, Senturk, Serif, Seranova, Elena, Sergi, Consolato, Serra-Moreno, Ruth, Sesaki, Hiromi, Settembre, Carmine, Setty, Subba Rao Gangi, Sgarbi, Gianluca, Sha, Ou, Shacka, John J., Shah, Javeed A., Shang, Dantong, Shao, Changshun, Shao, Feng, Sharbati, Soroush, Sharkey, Lisa M., Sharma, Dipali, Sharma, Gaurav, Sharma, Kulbhushan, Sharma, Pawan, Sharma, Surendra, Shen, HanMing, Shen, Hongtao, Shen, Jiangang, Shen, Ming, Shen, Weili, Shen, Zheni, Sheng, Rui, Sheng, Zhi, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Jianjian, Shi, Xiaobing, Shi, Ying-Hong, Shiba-Fukushima, Kahori, Shieh, JengJer, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shimozawa, Makoto, Shintani, Takahiro, Shoemaker, Christopher J., Shojaei, Shahla, Shoji, Ikuo, Shravage, Bhupendra, V, Shridhar, Viji, Shu, ChihWen, Shu, Hong-Bing, Shui, Ke, Shukla, Arvind K., Shutt, Timothy E., Sica, Valentina, Siddiqui, Aleem, Sierra, Amanda, Sierra-Torre, Virginia, Signorelli, Santiago, Sil, Payel, Silva, Bruno J. de Andrade, Silva, Johnatas D., Silva-Pavez, Eduardo, Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, Simmonds, Rachel E., Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simons, Matias, Singh, Anurag, Singh, Lalit P., Singh, Rajat, Singh, Shivendra, V, Singh, Shrawan K., Singh, Sudha B., Singh, Sunaina, Singh, Surinder Pal, Sinha, Debasish, Sinha, Rohit Anthony, Sinha, Sangita, Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sivridis, Efthimios L., Skendros, Panagiotis, Skirycz, Aleksandra, Slaninova, Iva, Smaili, Soraya S., Smertenko, Andrei, Smith, Matthew D., Soenen, Stefaan J., Sohn, Eun Jung, Sok, Sophia P. M., Solaini, Giancarlo, Soldati, Thierry, Soleimanpour, Scott A., Soler, Rosa M., Solovchenko, Alexei, Somarelli, Jason A., Sonawane, Avinash, Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu, Song, Ju-Xian, Song, Kunhua, Song, Zhiyin, Soria, Leandro R., Sorice, Maurizio, Soukas, Alexander A., Soukup, Sandra-Fausia, Sousa, Diana, Sousa, Nadia, Spagnuolo, Paul A., Spector, Stephen A., Bharath, M. M. Srinivas, St Clair, Daret, Stagni, Venturina, Staiano, Leopoldo, Stalnecker, Clint A., Stankov, Metodi, V, Stathopulos, Peter B., Stefan, Katja, Stefan, Sven Marcel, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S., Steinkasserer, Alexander, Stenmark, Harald, Sterneckert, Jared, Stevens, Craig, Stoka, Veronika, Storch, Stephan, Stork, Bjorn, Strappazzon, Flavie, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Stupack, Dwayne G., Su, Huanxing, Su, Ling-Yan, Su, Longxiang, SuarezFontes, Ana M., Subauste, Carlos S., Subbian, Selvakumar, Subirada, Paula, V, Sudhandiran, Ganapasam, Sue, Carolyn M., Sui, Xinbing, Summers, Corey, Sun, Guangchao, Sun, Jun, Sun, Kang, Sun, Meng-xiang, Sun, Qiming, Sun, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie, Sunahara, Karen K. S., Sundberg, Eva, Susztak, Katalin, Sutovsky, Peter, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Gary, Symons, J. David, Sze, Stephen Cho Wing, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Tabolacci, Claudio, Tacke, Frank, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Tagaya, Mitsuo, Tai, Haoran, Tait, Stephen W. G., Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takats, Szabolcs, Talwar, Priti, Tam, Chit, Tam, Shing Yau, Tampellini, Davide, Tamura, Atsushi, Tan, Chong Teik, Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya-Qin, Tanaka, Masaki, Tanaka, Motomasa, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Jingfeng, Tang, Tie-Shan, Tanida, Isei, Tao, Zhipeng, Taouis, Mohammed, Tatenhorst, Lars, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, Joan M., Tchetina, Elena, Tee, Andrew R., Tegeder, Irmgard, Teis, David, Teixeira, Natercia, Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Tekirdag, Kumsal A., Tencomnao, Tewin, Tenreiro, Sandra, Tepikin, Alexei, V, Testillano, Pilar S., Tettamanti, Gianluca, Tharaux, PierreLouis, Thedieck, Kathrin, Thekkinghat, Arvind A., Thellung, Stefano, Thinwa, Josephine W., Thirumalaikumar, V. P., Thomas, Sufi Mary, Thomes, Paul G., Thorburn, Andrew, Thukral, Lipi, Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Ling, Tichy, Ales, Till, Andreas, Timmerman, Vincent, Titorenko, Vladimir, I, Todi, Sokol, V, Todorova, Krassimira, Toivonen, Janne M., Tomaipitinca, Luana, Tomar, Dhanendra, Tomas-Zapico, Cristina, Tong, Benjamin Chun-Kit, Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin, Tooze, Sharon A., Torgersen, Maria L., Torii, Satoru, Torres-Lopez, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Towers, Christina G., Towns, Roberto, Toyokuni, Shinya, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Tramontano, Donatella, Tran, QuynhGiao, Travassos, Leonardo H., Trelford, Charles B., Tremel, Shirley, Trougakos, Ioannis P., Tsao, Betty P., Tschan, Mario P., Tse, Hung-Fat, Tse, Tak Fu, Tsugawa, Hitoshi, Tsvetkov, Andrey S., Tumbarello, David A., Tumtas, Yasin, Tunon, Maria J., Turcotte, Sandra, Turk, Boris, Turk, Vito, Turner, Bradley J., Tuxworth, Richard, I, Tyler, Jessica K., Tyutereva, Elena, V, Uchiyama, Yasuo, UgunKlusek, Aslihan, Uhlig, Holm H., Ulasov, Ilya, V, Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian, Unno, Rei, Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet, Ustun, Suayib, Uversky, Vladimir N., Vaccari, Thomas, Vaccaro, Maria, I, Vahsen, Bjorn F., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Maria J., Valko, Ayelen, Vallee, Richard B., Valverde, Angela M., Van den Berghe, Greet, van Der Veen, Stijn, Van Kaer, Luc, van Loosdregt, Jorg, van Wijk, Sjoerd J. L., Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vannier-Santos, Marcos A., Vannini, Nicola, Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara, Varano, Gabriele, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Varga, Mate, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Vats, Somya, Vavvas, Demetrios G., VegaNaredo, Ignacio, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, Silvia, Velasco, Guillermo, Velazquez, Ariadna P., Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Velotti, Francesca, Verdier, Mireille, Verginis, Panayotis, Vergne, Isabelle, Verkade, Paul, Verma, Manish, Verstreken, Patrik, Vervliet, Tim, Vervoorts, Jorg, Vessoni, Alexandre T., Victor, Victor M., Vidal, Michel, Vidoni, Chiara, Vieira, Otilia V., Vierstra, Richard D., Vigano, Sonia, Vihinen, Helena, Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel, Vilar, Marcal, Villalba, Jose M., Villalobo, Antonio, Villarejo-Zori, Beatriz, Villarroya, Francesc, Villarroya, Joan, Vincent, Olivier, Vindis, Cecile, Viret, Christophe, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Visnjic, Dora, Vitale, Ilio, Vocadlo, David J., Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., Volonte, Cinzia, Volta, Mattia, Vomero, Marta, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Vooijs, Marc A., Voos, Wolfgang, Vucicevic, Ljubica, Wade-Martins, Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick A., Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David W., Walker, Mark J., Walker, Simon A., Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco G., Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, Pengwei, Wang, Peipei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong A., Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, YenYun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Weaver, Timothy E., Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M., Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergraber, Oliver H., Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Gunther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia H., Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally P., Whitton, J. Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon E., Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin S. B., Williams, Roger L., Williamson, Peter R., Wilson, Richard A., Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel J., Witkin, Steven S., Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thomas, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard W., Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth K., Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, ShuYan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William K. K., Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik J., Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, JinRong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M. S., Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul M., Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin K., Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young H., Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori R., Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor C., Yu, W. Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F., Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond L., Zacks, David N., Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa O., Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun S., Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos S., Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott O., Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-deng, Zerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna D., Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin Y. B., Zhang, Leshuai W., Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, Zhou, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, WeiGuo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine M., Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B., Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X. Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith C., Stallings, Christina L., and Tong, Chun-Kit
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phagophore ,endoplasmic-reticulum stress ,vacuole ,breast-cancer cells ,life-span extension ,amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis ,autophagosome ,neurodegeneration ,activated protein-kinase ,starvation-induced autophagy ,flux ,macroautophagy ,stress ,lc3 ,nf-kappa-b ,lysosome ,genome-wide association ,cancer ,chaperone-mediated autophagy ,programmed cell-death - Abstract
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
126. A surface antigen of Orientia tsutsugamushi activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via nuclear factor-kB & p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Jan, Rong-Hwa, Chen, Chia-Jung, Hong, Yi-Ren, Lin, Yu-Li, and Chen, Li-Kuang
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TSUTSUGAMUSHI disease , *ANTIGENS , *DENDRITIC cells , *PROTEIN kinases , *T cells , *CELL proliferation - Abstract
Background & objectives: Scrub typhus is a chigger-borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The immunological reactions to O. tsutsugamushi infection are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the response of dendritic cells (DCs) to a major 56-kDa scrub typhus antigen Sta56. Methods: Monocyte-derived human DCs were incubated with different concentrations of recombinant Sta56 and analyzed for maturation based on phagocytic capacity, the ability to induce T-cell proliferation, expression of surface markers, cytokine secretion and activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent signalling pathways. Results: Treatment of DCs with Sta56 induced cell surface expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and MHC Class II increased the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40, IL-12 p70 and IL-10 and decreased DC phagocytic capacity. Furthermore, Sta56 increased the ability of DCs to activate T-cell proliferation and interferon-γ secretion. TLR4-specific antibodies neutralized Sta56-elicited effects on DC maturation, suggesting direct interaction between Sta56 and TLR4. Moreover, Sta56 activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling as evidenced by decrease in Sta56-induced cytokine production and surface marker expression by specific inhibitors helenalin and SB203580, respectively, and increase in IκBα and p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB-DNA binding. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed that the surface antigen of O. tsutsugamushi activated DCs through interaction with TLR4 and activation of MAPK and NF-κB signalling, suggesting Sta56 as a potential candidate molecule for the development of vaccine against scrub typhus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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127. 17β-Estradiol Activates Adenosine A2a Receptor After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Lin, Chih-Lung, Dumont, Aaron S., Tsai, Yee-Jean, Huang, Jih-Hui, Chang, Kao-Ping, Kwan, Aij-Lie, Hong, Yi-Ren, and Howng, Shen-Long
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ESTRADIOL , *ADENOSINES , *SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage , *GENE expression , *CEREBRAL vasospasm , *ESTROGEN receptors , *PROTEIN kinases - Abstract
Background: Our previous study showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) and an adenosine A2A receptor (AR-A2A) agonist could attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm via preventing the augmentation of iNOS expression and preserving the normal eNOS expression. This study tests the hypothesis that E2 attenuates SAH-induced vasospasm and apoptosis by activating adenosine AR-A2A and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and by altering antiapoptotic and proapoptotic protein expression (Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively). Materials and Methods: The two-hemorrhage SAH model in rat was used. Animals were treated with E2 with or without a nonselective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (ICI182,780). The cross sectional areas of the basilar artery and terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were used to determine the degree of vasospasm and apoptosis, respectively. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, AR-A2A, and ERK1/2 in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and dentate gyrus were investigated. Results: E2 significantly attenuated vasospasm. Seven days after the first SAH, TUNEL scores were significantly increased, and protein levels of AR-A2A, ERK1/2, and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus only but not in the cortex and hippocampus. These changes were reversed by E2 while ICI182,780 abrogated the antiapoptotic and anti-spastic effects of E2. The expression of Bax did not change in the dentate gyrus after SAH with or without treatment. Conclusions: The down-regulated AR-A2A and ERK may play a role in vasospasm and apoptosis after SAH. The beneficial effect of E2 in the attenuating SAH-induced vasospasm and apoptosis may be due to an increased expression of AR-A2A and ERK via ER-dependent mechanisms. These data may support further investigation of E2 in the treatment of SAH in humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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128. Differential expression of Wnt genes, beta-catenin and E-cadherin in human brain tumors.
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Howng, Shen-Long, Wu, Chia-Hung, Cheng, Tai-Shan, Sy, Wei-Di, Lin, Pi-Chu K, Wang, Chihuei, and Hong, Yi-Ren
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Wnt regulates developmental and oncogenic processes through its downstream effector, beta-catenin, and a set of other intracellular regulators that are largely conserved among species. E-cadherin was discovered as a protein associated with beta-catenin which plays a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion. To further understand the molecular basis of Wnt signaling pathway and E-cadherin in brain tumorigenesis, the expression of four Wnt genes (Wnt1, Wnt5a, Wnt10b and Wnt13) and E-cadherin were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, their downstream effector, beta-catenin, was also investigated. The results showed that the expression of Wnt5a (41/45), Wnt10b (37/45), and Wnt13 (35/45) were found in brain tumors, whereas Wnt1 (6/45) was shown to be less related. Interestingly, E-cadherin was only expressed in a few cases of astrocytoma (2/16), whereas it was expressed in most meningioma (14/15) and pituitary adenoma tumors (12/14). There was no apparent difference of beta-catenin expression profile in brain tumors; however, the sequencing data of beta-catenin showed two mutations on speculative phosphorylation sites, S73F and S23G in astrocytoma. Furthermore, an in vitro functional assay showed that S73F and S23G mutants of beta-catenin did not affect transcriptional activity in TCF-4-leuciferase reporter construct, suggesting that they may need more complex factors to participate in astrocytoma. Taken together, our data suggest that the mutations of beta-catenin together with E-cadherin and Wnt signaling might be involved in brain tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2002
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129. Activation of Sp1-mediated transcription by Rta of Epstein-Barr virus via an interaction with MCAF1.
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Chang LK, Chung JY, Hong YR, Ichimura T, Nakao M, and Liu ST
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- 2017
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130. Molecular characterization of three major outer membrane proteins, TSA56, TSA47 and TSA22, in Orientia tsutsugamushi.
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Lin CC, Chou CH, Lin TC, Yang MC, Cho CL, Chang CH, Yu HS, Lai CH, Chen LK, and Hong YR
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- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antigens, Bacterial chemistry, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins immunology, Bacterial Vaccines, Chlorocebus aethiops, Escherichia coli immunology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Orientia tsutsugamushi chemistry, Orientia tsutsugamushi immunology, Orientia tsutsugamushi pathogenicity, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Vero Cells, Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins physiology, Orientia tsutsugamushi physiology, Scrub Typhus immunology, Scrub Typhus microbiology
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Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated the complete genome of O. tsutsugamushi. However, the route and detailed molecular mechanism for O. tsutsugamushi to get accessed into mammalian cells remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated different adhesive properties of three major outer membrane proteins of O. tsutsugamushi, TSA56, TSA47 and TSA22. TSA56 showed higher antibody responses against patient serum samples compared with those of TSA47 and TSA22. In the adhesion assay, TSA56 exhibited a relative higher adhesion to host cells than TSA47 and TSA22, suggesting that TSA56 is the major outer membrane protein required for O. tsutsugamushi adhesion. Furthermore, the antigen domain (AD) I (residues 19-114) corresponding to the extracellular domain of TSA56 demonstrated a relative high antibody response against the patients' sera than the previously reported ADIII (residues 237-366), which has been suggested to facilitate the invasion of O. tsutsugamushi through interaction with fibronectin. Taken together, our results consistently showed that TSA56 of O. tsutsugamushi is important in the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) transformants to Vero cells. Moreover, in contrast to known ADIII-fibronectin interactions, TSA56-ADI may also play a role in the adhesion and/or invasion of O. tsutsugamushi to its host cells through unidentified receptors. A further study aimed at delineating the receptor of TSA56-ADI during O. tsutsugamushi infection is warranted.
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- 2012
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131. Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis.
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Lee CI, Chou AK, Lin CC, Chou CH, Loh JK, Lieu AS, Wang CJ, Huang CY, Howng SL, and Hong YR
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- Animals, Cerebrum metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Inflammation immunology, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases genetics, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases metabolism, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors genetics, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors metabolism, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism, Prostaglandin-E Synthases, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, GABA-B genetics, Receptors, GABA-B metabolism, Repressor Proteins genetics, Repressor Proteins metabolism, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage immunology, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 genetics, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 metabolism, Cerebrum immunology, Inflammation genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage genetics
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Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been studied in terms of a contraction of the major cerebral arteries, but the effect of cerebrum tissue in SAH is not yet well understood. To gain insight into the biology of SAH-expressing cerebrum, we employed oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize the gene expression profiles of cerebrum tissue at the early stage of SAH. Functional gene expression in the cerebrum was analyzed 2 h following stage 1-hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley rats. mRNA was investigated by performing microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. In this study, 18 upregulated and 18 downregulated genes displayed at least a 1.5-fold change. Five genes were verified by real-time PCR, including three upregulated genes [prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), CD14 antigen, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)] as well as two downregulated genes [KRAB-zinc finger protein-2 (KZF-2) and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABA B receptor)]. Notably, there were functional implications for the three upregulated genes involved in the inflammatory SAH process. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased KZF-2 and GABA B receptor expression in SAH have never been characterized. We conclude that oligonucleotide microarrays have the potential for use as a method to identify candidate genes associated with SAH and to provide novel investigational targets, including genes involved in the immune and inflammatory response. Furthermore, understanding the regulation of MMP9/TIMP1 during the early stages of SAH may elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in SAH rats.
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- 2012
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132. Autoimmunity against hNinein, a human centrosomal protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Howng SL, Chou AK, Lin CC, Lin ZA, Wang CJ, Loh JK, Lieu AS, Yen JH, Lee CI, and Hong YR
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthritis, Rheumatoid blood, Arthritis, Rheumatoid pathology, Autoantibodies blood, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoantigens blood, Autoantigens immunology, Blotting, Western, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic blood, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid immunology, Autoimmunity immunology, Centrosome immunology, Cytoskeletal Proteins immunology, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic immunology, Nuclear Proteins immunology
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Centrosomes are organelles involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and may also be the targets of autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases. Human Ninein (hNinein) is a centrosomal autoantigen that is identified by autoimmune patient sera. However, none of the hNinein-specific fragments recognized by the autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera have been thoroughly characterized. We thus attempted to identify the fine specificity within the hNinein protein. In this study, four recombinant proteins in two isoforms of hNinein were used as autoantigens along with immunoassays as a molecular tool to investigate the prevalence of hNinein autoreactivity and its specificity in 22 RA and 32 SLE autoimmune disease sera. The data indicated a 50% higher prevalence of isoform 4 hNinein N-terminal autoantibodies in RA sera, whereas 22% of SLE patients were autoreactive to the N-terminal of isoform 4 hNinein compared to only a small percentage of autoreactive normal sera (5%). These results showed that autoepitopes on autoantigen hNinein are restricted to the N-terminal region and that a more significant proportion of RA patients exhibited centrosome reactivity.
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- 2011
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133. Differential expression of hedgehog signaling components and Snail/E-cadherin in human brain tumors.
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Chou CH, Lieu AS, Wu CH, Chang LK, Loh JK, Lin RC, Chen WJ, Liao HD, Fu WS, Chang CS, Lin CC, Hsu CM, Chio CC, Howng SL, and Hong YR
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- Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Cadherins biosynthesis, Cadherins metabolism, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Hedgehog Proteins biosynthesis, Hedgehog Proteins metabolism, Humans, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Point Mutation, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction, Snail Family Transcription Factors, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Transcription Factors biosynthesis, Transcription Factors metabolism, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Cadherins genetics, Hedgehog Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) transcription factor Gli induces transformation of epithelial cells via induction of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is also a determinant of the progression of tumorigenesis, following down-regulation of E-cadherin. However, the role of Hh signaling components and Snail/E-cadherin in brain tumors is not yet fully understood. We analyzed the expression of Hh signaling components and Snail/E-cadherin in 69 brain tumors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data showed that overexpression of Smo (35/69), Ptch (50/69), Gli1 (56/69), Gli2 (29/69) and N-myc (39/69) might contribute to brain tumorigenesis. Our results also indicated that Snail and E-cadherin showed opposing expression in malignant tumors (high grade astrocytoma and metastasis). Snail and E-cadherin showed less correlation in benign brain tumors. We further investigated mutations of Gli2 and Snail by RT-PCR and direct sequencing. No mutation was observed on Gli2 but several sporadic mutations on Snail were found, including S96G, S111L, S111L/S119Y and one nonsense mutation at codon 158 (Y158*). An in vitro E-cadherin promoter assay showed that S96G, S111L, S111L/S119Y Snail mutants were decreased by 15, 25 and 50%, respectively, whereas Y158* was increased by 40% compared to wild-type. Furthermore, our data showed that wild-type Snail and S96G, S111L, S111L/S119Y translocated to the nucleus, while the Y158* mutant failed to translocate to the nucleus. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Hh signaling components, the expression and mutations of Snail and the expression of E-cadherin may play an important role in human brain tumorigenesis.
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- 2010
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134. Functional characterization of AIBp, a novel Aurora-A binding protein in centrosome structure and spindle formation.
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Lieu AS, Cheng TS, Chou CH, Wu CH, Hsu CY, Huang CY, Chang LK, Loh JK, Chang CS, Hsu CM, Howng SL, and Hong YR
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Aurora Kinases, Base Sequence, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma genetics, Carcinoma pathology, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Centrosome ultrastructure, Cytoskeletal Proteins metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, HeLa Cells, Humans, Male, Microtubule-Associated Proteins chemistry, Microtubule-Associated Proteins genetics, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Models, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Protein Binding, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs genetics, Spindle Apparatus physiology, Tissue Distribution, Two-Hybrid System Techniques, Carrier Proteins physiology, Centrosome chemistry, Centrosome metabolism, Microtubule-Associated Proteins physiology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Spindle Apparatus metabolism
- Abstract
Aurora-A is involved in chromosome alignment, centrosome maturation, mitotic spindle assembly and regards to an oncogene. Aurora-A is also known to bind to several other proteins affecting its up-regulation or down-regulation and localization. However, how these different binding signals work together to regulate Aurora-A is not properly known. To explore more Aurora-A interacting proteins, the low-copy yeast two-hybrid screening using Aurora-A as bait protein was performed. One novel gene, AIBp, was demonstrated to associate with Aurora-A by the yeast two-hybrid method and in vitro GST pull-down assay. Molecular characterization showed that AIBp possessed a binding site at the C-terminal with Aurora-A (kinase domain). Interestingly, AIBp also interacts with hNinein at the N-terminal, which overlaps with a previously reported hNinein and GSK3beta binding site. Using a kinase assay, AIBp interacts with the Aurora-A kinase domain functions as a positive regulator, whereas AIBp binding to hNinein appears to block the phosphorylation of hNinein by both Aurora-A and GSK3beta. siRNA-mediated elimination of AIBp from HeLa cells, results in a doughnut-like shape, asymmetrical spindle pole and multiple spindle pole formation. We also demonstrated that both AIBp and Aurora-A are co-overexpressed in various brain tumors. These studies demonstrate that AIBp may not only be required for the dynamic movement of Aurora-A at the centrosomes and spindle apparatus during the cell cycle, but may also be important during brain tumorigenesis.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. Upregulation of estrogen receptor alpha and mediation of 17beta-estradiol vasoprotective effects via estrogen receptor alpha in basilar arteries in rats after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Author
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Shih HC, Lin CL, Wu SC, Kwan AL, Hong YR, and Howng SL
- Subjects
- Animals, Basilar Artery metabolism, Estradiol therapeutic use, Estrogen Receptor alpha genetics, Estrogen Receptor beta genetics, Male, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage pathology, Benzoates therapeutic use, Estradiol analogs & derivatives, Estrogen Receptor alpha metabolism, Estrogen Receptor beta metabolism, Estrogens therapeutic use, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage metabolism, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage prevention & control
- Abstract
Object: The authors previously demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol benzoate (E2) treatment prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm and preserves endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male rats. Changes in the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ERalpha and -beta and their roles in the E2-mediated preservation of eNOS in SAH remain unknown. In the present study the effects of SAH on the expression of ERalpha and -beta in the cerebral arteries were clarified, and the receptor roles in the E2-mediated preservation of eNOS expression in SAH were differentiated., Methods: A 2-hemorrhage SAH model was induced by 2 autologous blood injections into the cisterna magna of adult male rats. The effect of SAH on ERalpha and -beta expression was evaluated. Other rats subcutaneously received implanted Silastic tubes containing corn oil with E2 and daily injections of various doses of an ERalpha- (methyl-piperidinopyrazole [MPP]) or ERbeta-selective antagonist (R,R-tetrahydrochrysene) after the first hemorrhage. The protein levels of ERalpha, ERbeta, eNOS, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from basilar arteries were examined using Western blot analysis, and their mRNAs were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction., Results: The ERalpha but not the ERbeta was upregulated in the basilar artery after SAH. Treatment with MPP eliminated E2-mediated effects in SAH, relieved cerebral vasospasm, preserved eNOS expression, and suppressed iNOS expression., Conclusions: Estrogen receptor alpha is upregulated in the basilar artery after SAH. Note that E2 exerts its protective effects through ERalpha-dependent pathways to relieve cerebral vasospasm and preserve eNOS expression. A selective ERalpha agonist may be the drug of choice for the treatment of patients with SAH.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Beta-catenin control of T-cell transcription factor 4 (Tcf4) importation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus contributes to Tcf4-mediated transcription in 293 cells.
- Author
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Hsu HT, Liu PC, Ku SY, Jung KC, Hong YR, Kao C, and Wang C
- Subjects
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus chemistry, Cytoplasm metabolism, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, TCF Transcription Factors analysis, Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein, Transcription, Genetic, beta Catenin analysis, Cell Nucleus metabolism, TCF Transcription Factors metabolism, beta Catenin physiology
- Abstract
Beta-catenin has essential roles in morphogenesis and human cancer, both as a subunit of adhesive complexes in the cell membrane and as a transcriptional coactivator in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, beta-catenin also has the ability to transport lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 into the nucleus. In this study, we examined a constitutive active mutation, beta-catenin (T41A, S45A), for its potential as a nuclear import receptor for T-cell transcription factor 4 in 293 cells. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that this constitutive active form of beta-catenin increased the amount of Tcf4 in the nucleus about 4-5-fold compared to controls. However, the overall expression of Tcf4 remained the same with or without over-expression of beta-catenin (T41A, S45A). T-cell transcription factor 4 reporter gene and electrophoretic mobility shift assay further indicated that the increase in Tcf4 in the nucleus was consistent with its accrued DNA binding capacity and transcription activity. Microscopic immunofluorescence examination showed that Tcf4 was mainly located in the cytoplasm and transported into the nucleus, without or with over-expression of beta-catenin (T41A, S45A), respectively. Our results suggest that beta-catenin might be a major factor regulating the import of Tcf4 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, consequently controlling its transcription activity.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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