Search

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar un Programa de educación emocional para desarrollar la convivencia democrática en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de educación secundaria de la I.E N° 81749 “Divino Jesús” de la Urbanización Manuel Arévalo III etapa de la provincia de Trujillo de la Región La Libertad 2015. Nuestra hipótesis se planteó de la siguiente manera: El Diseño de un Programa de educación emocional basada en la Teoría de inteligencia emocional contribuye a desarrollar la convivencia democrática en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de educación secundaria de la I.E No 81749 “Divino Jesús”. Se utilizó una población muestral igual a 26 estudiantes, la que en primera instancia fue diagnosticada para comprobar el problema. Después de acreditado el problema se procedió al diseño de la propuesta denominada “Programa de Educación Emocional para la Convivencia Democrática”. Para la realización del estudio se realizó una evaluación a los estudiantes con la finalidad de diagnosticar el nivel de desarrollo de la convivencia democrática. Luego se examinó el problema y se diseñó la propuesta en base a la Teoría de inteligencia emocional para desarrollar la convivencia democrática en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de educación secundaria de la I.E No 81749 “Divino Jesús”. Tesis

El mundo contemporáneo nos ha vuelto consumistas e individualistas, de lo que se trata es de conseguir beneficios personales dejando de lado la identidad institucional. Las relaciones interpersonales son la interacción que se establece entre dos o más personas de forma recíproca. Un componente esencial de esa interacción, es la comunicación. Es un componente esencial de la psique, necesita del pensamiento y lenguaje y lo conforman las vivencias, la memoria, las emociones y sentimientos, las motivaciones y expectativas, los objetivos y metas, el potencial de cada sujeto en conjunto y sus habilidades y actitudes, y a su vez de su capacidad de interacción psicosocial. El ser tolerante empático son dos virtudes de la postmodernidad. Equivale haber desarrollado competencias sociales que nos permiten crear un agradable clima laboral en provecho en este caso de la comunidad educativa, esto es, a favor del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Esencial es conocer nuestros derechos y hacerlos respetar, así mismo aprender a ponernos en los zapatos del otro a fin de saber comprender y atender a nuestros colegas de trabajo. Nuestro objetivo fue diseñar una Estrategia de Gestión Institucional para mejorar las relaciones interpersonales en los docentes del nivel secundario de la I.E.N°83006 “Andrés Avelino Cáceres”, Distrito de Baños del Inca, Departamento de Cajamarca. El trabajo de campo comprometió la aplicación de guías de observación, encuestas, entrevistas y recojo de testimonios. Luego de haber terminado esta parte procedimos a justificar el problema y a elaborar la propuesta. Tesis

Discharge of dielectric barriers significantly reduced microbial populations. Treatments resulted in improvement in physical characteristics during storage. Nonthermal plasma provided a 43% (4-day) increase in sample lifetime.

Direct current (DC) plasma nitriding offers some disadvantages, especially in parts with complex geometries, where the presence of edges is significant, such as gears, molds, and needle punched parts are strongly affected by this effect, leading to irregular formation of nitrided layers and high variation in surface hardness. To solve these problems two techniques were developed as alternatives, namely: pulsed plasma nitriding and cathodic cage nitriding. In this work, these three nitriding techniques were compared using AISI 1045 steel as substrate. Steel discs were nitrided with the purpose of evaluating the influence of these different plasma configurations on the characteristics of the nitrided layer. The treatments in the three techniques were carried out at the same pressure, temperature, time and gas atmosphere. The samples were characterized for the microstructure, microhardness and crystalline phases present. X-ray diffraction with grazing incidence was used to verify the order of the nitrites formed and to estimate the thickness of the single-phase layers. Differences between the configurations with respect to the occurrence of restriction rings, total thickness (xe + xγ') and relative (xe/xγ') compound layers were observed. Keywords: Plasma DC; cathodic cage; pulsed plasma; nitriding; GIXRD.

Reduction of silver cations followed by nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) synthesis is a model process to understand the reduction mechanism induced by a discharge over an aqueous surface, termed electrochemical plasma. This work aims at studying the silver reduction reaction steered by electrochemical plasma in the presence of other chemically active plasma-related interfaces, namely the plasma-gas and the liquid-gas interfaces. As no other plasma-induced species are able to reduce silver cations, the reduction of silver cations is employed as strategy to selectively detect the presence of hydrated electrons (e-h). The results demonstrate that the global rise of pH (increase in the content of OH-), observed for discharge in the helium gas phase, occurs in connection with the silver reduction, which is interpreted as a vivid experimental evidence of the second-order recombination reaction of the e h − 2 e aq − + 2 H 2 O → H 2 + 2 OH −. On the other hand, the global decrease of pH (increase in the content of H+) observed for discharge in mixed oxygen and nitrogen gas phase, is an event primarily driven by the Birkeland-Eyde process, and it is concomitant but spatially distinct from the electron injection. The acidification interferes in the NP formation, as NPs promptly dissolve in presence of HNO3. Only in complete suppression of the acidification, an experimental evidence of the reaction pathways for hydrated electron could be captured: e-h is competitively consumed through a scavenger-like reaction (reduction of silver cations in this work) and through the second-order recombination reactions of the e-h. The kinetic model proposed in this work further corroborates this interpretation.

Objectives To evaluate the effects of the surface modification of 316L stainless steel (SS) by lowtemperature plasma nitriding on endothelial cells for stent applications. Results X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the treated steel. The surface treatment significantly increased SS roughness and hydrophilic characteristics. After 4 h the cells adhered to the nitride surfaces and formed clusters. During the 24 h incubation period, cell viability on the nitrided surface was higher compared to the polished surface. Nitriding reduced late apoptosis of rabbit aorta endothelial cell (RAEC) on the SS surface. Conclusion Low temperature plasma nitriding improved the biocompatible of stainless steel for use in stents.

Throughout the manuscript the units of plasma vitamin K1 concentration which previously read.

Biomedical devices introduced in the human body interact initially with blood cells, their success being dependent on the result of this interaction. This work aimed to obtain optimum biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the titanium by plasma treatment. For this, discs of commercially pure titanium (CP) were subjected to plasma nitriding using different mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen; the effect of addition of hydrogen to the nitriding plasma was investigated. Before and after treatment, samples were evaluated in terms of topography and wettability using atomic force microscopy and sessile drop tests, respectively. The titanium biological response was evaluated in vitro through the application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the surfaces modified and analysis of their behaviour from the point of view of surface tension and cell adhesion. Surface properties, such as roughness and wettability, were sensitive to the hydrogen/nitrogen ratio in the nitriding plasma, suggesting a strategy for producing different surfaces of biomedical devices. Results showed to be possible to obtain surfaces with different response to the adhesion of platelets, covering different applications.

Background Several neurological and systemic diseases can cause dementia, beyond Alzheimer's disease. Rare genetic causes are often responsible for dementia with atypical features. Recently, mutations causative for Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) have also been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. NPC is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder caused by mutations in NPC1 and NPC2 genes. In adults, clinical presentation mimicking other neurodegenerative diseases makes diagnosis difficult. Recent evidence suggests that heterozygous mutations in NPC genes may take on etiological significance. Objective To investigate the presence of NPC1 and NPC2 mutations in adults affected by neurodegenerative dementia plus. Methods We performed a genetic screening on 50 patients using a wide clinical and biochemical approach to characterize the phenotype of mutated patients. Results Sequencing analysis revealed four different and known heterozygous mutations in NPC1 and NPC2 genes. Patient 1 carried the p. F284LfsX26 in NPC1 and was affected by progressive supranuclear palsy-like syndrome. The remaining three patients showed a corticobasal syndrome and harbored the c.441+1G>A variant of NPC2 (patient 2), the missense p.N222 S mutation associated with the c.1947+8G>C variant in the splice region of intron 12 in NPC1 (patient 3), and the p.V30M mutation in NPC2 (patient 4), respectively. Filipin staining was abnormal in patients 1 and 2. mRNA analysis revealed an altered splicing of the NPC2 gene in patient 2. Conclusions Heterozygous mutations of NPC1 and NPC2 genes could contribute to dementia plus, at least in a subset of patients. We highlight the occurrence of NPC1 and NPC2 heterozygous variants in dementia-plus as pathological event.

The research of the interaction between bacteria-surface has great importance for titanium biomedical applications once microorganisms offer risks because promoting implant loss. Therefore, study bacterial adhesion and colonization on titanium is interesting because are principal factors infections pathogeny on biomaterials. In this study, commercial grade II titanium was submitted to nitriding treatment to plasma at 2.2 mbar, using gas mixtures of 80% hydrogen (H2) and 20% nitrogen (N2) during 1 hour and 3 hour. The surfaces were physically and chemically characterized. In order to evaluate bacterial response, the surfaces were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The titanium surface modified in nitriding plasma, although exposes a higher roughness as compared with untreated samples, exhibited lower bacterial growth. The nitrided sample for 3 hour exhibited the higher amount of TiN phase and the higher concentration of atomic nitrogen on surface and lower bacterial adhered count. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Based on these results can be said to the thermochemical treatment of plasma nitriding on titanium samples results a significant reduction of adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was found that the Ti surface nitrided offers significant reduction of bacterial adherence which prevent biofilm formation and offersing lower risk of infection and implant remotion.

This research used the "cathodic cage (CC)" technique for TiO2 film deposition on duplex stainless steel substrate. This technique uses a multiple hollow cathode effect. Duplex stainless steel substrates were treated at temperatures of 300°C, 350°C and 400°C, giving a temperature value ratio (Ts/Tm) of 0.27 to 0.31 (Ts being the substrate temperature and Tm the melting temperature of the deposited material). Treatment times of 1, 2 and 4 hours were administered and polycrystalline TiO2 films were obtained. The films were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During analysis, the formation of uniform films and the possibility of controlling the TiO2 phase were observed. It was also shown that with longer treatment times and higher temperatures the rutile phase predominates. For treatment times of 4 hours at all temperatures, the rutile structure was present. With treatment times of less than 4 hours, anatase was present. In addition, results showed that this simple, low cost technique can be an alternative method for depositions of TiO2 films, with the advantage of high levels of control over porosity, thickness and phase composition (anatase and rutile).

Brazilian regulatory model of electricity imposes that distribution companies should acquire all your energy market related to captive customers on, regulated auctions, and distributed generation, whose energy is traded with public calls. An energy market forecast is designed by the utilities and this forecast has to be a 100% covered with contracts agreed from regulated trades. The challenge of utilities is to forecast their own energy market five years in advance, which brings to the process a high level of uncertainty. This paper presents a methodology for planning the purchase of electricity by distribution agents in the Brazilian regulated contracting environment (ACR). The contracting strategy covers a horizon of 5 years, with monthly discretization and the goal is to minimize the total cost of energy procurement strategy. The proposed model considers the current regulatory Brazilian Laws of energy contracting by distribution companies, i.e. energy purchases from auctions in the regulated environment, distributed generation - GD, Compensation Mechanism Surplus and Deficit - MCSD and short-term market. The uncertainties of future electric consumption are modeled following a fuzzy approach. Thus, the formulation if proposed model is a fuzzy non-linear programming problem. Results show the importance of the short-term modeling and the consideration of MCSD and GD in the Energy Purchase Strategy on the Brazilian Regulated Electricity Market.

Crystallization of salts in droplets of hypersaline solution placed on a glass slide was monitored and evaluated under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Pulsed corona discharge (PCD) was applied over sessil droplets on a glass surface, and its effect in the crystallization is demonstrated for the first time. These results were compared with natural evaporation. Under natural evaporation, crystals are firstly formed on surface, near edges of the drop and grow towards the center, eventually acquiring a pyramidal morphology. Under PCD, a Taylor cone is formed between electrode and droplet surface and then, 4 s after the beginning of the discharge, small crystals were formed on the cone besides a dense crystal film around the discharge incidence point in the droplet. These results are discussed considering existing knowledge about plasma–liquid interaction (PLI) and dynamical of crystal growth. This paper explores an interesting aspect of PLIs, which has both fundamental and practical usefulness, for understanding desalination processes, salt crystallization on water surface and biomedical science for advances in electrosurgical methods.

In the present work, Al2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite surfaces were treated with cold plasma using N 2 , H 2 , and O 2 gaseous atmospheres. For this, Al2O3/ZrO2 samples were shaped and sintered at 1500 °C for 2 h. Then, the surfaces were treated with cold plasma using different N 2 and O 2 gas flow proportions. The H 2 gas flow was maintained at 50%. The treatment conditions were a total gas flow rate of 20 sccm, total pressure of 2.0 mbar, square pulses of voltage with duration of the 50 µs repeated every 100 µs, and a temperature of 400 °C. The surface treatment, regardless of the gaseous atmospheres, affected the functional groups attributed to ZrO2 significantly more than those of Al2O3. In general, it was observed that the surfaces treated in gaseous atmospheres with a higher proportion of N 2 gas flow had a more hydrophilic character due to the greater amount of active species coming from this gas. Although active N 2 gas species are predominant, active O 2 gas species can also affect ZrO2 functional groups. Thus, the pre-treatment contributes both to increasing hydrophilic character as well as promoting chemical changes in the functional groups present on the nanocomposite surfaces.

We evaluated the effects of titanium plasma nitriding and oxidation on live endothelial cell viscoelasticity. For this, mechanically polished titanium surfaces and two surfaces treated by planar cathode discharge in nitriding (36N2 and 24H2) and oxidant (36O2 and 24H2). Surfaces were characterized regarding wettability, roughness and chemical composition. Rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were cultured on the titanium surfaces. Cell morphology, viability and viscoelasticity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction confirmed the presence of TiN0,26 on the surface (grazing angle theta 1°) of the nitrided samples, decreasing with depth. On the oxidized surface had the formation of TiO3 on the material surface (Theta 1°) and in the deeper layers was noted, with a marked presence of Ti (Theta 3°). Both plasma treatments increased surface roughness and they are hydrophilic (angle < 90°). However, oxidation led to a more hydrophilic titanium surface (66.59° ± 3.65 vs. 76.88° ± 2.68; p = 0.001) due to titanium oxide films in their stoichiometric varieties (Ti3O, TiO2, Ti6O), especially Ti3O. Despite focal adhesion on the surfaces, viability was different after 24 h, as cell viability on the oxidized surface was higher than on the nitrided surface (9.1 × 103 vs. 4.5 × 103cells; p < 0.05). This can be explained by analyzing the viscoelastic property of the cellular cytoskeleton (nuclear and peripheral) by AFM. Surface oxidation significantly increased RAECs viscoelasticity at cell periphery, in comparison to the nucleus (2.36 ± 0.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.05), and to the RAECs periphery in contact with nitrided surfaces (1.36 ± 0.7; p < 0.05) and polished surfaces (1.55 ± 0.6; p < 0.05). Taken together, our results have shown that titanium plasma treatment directly increased cell viscoelasticity via surface oxidation, and this mechanobiological property subsequently increased biocompatibility.

A responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE), em décadas recentes, ganhou amplo espaço na pesquisa acadêmica e na prática gerencial. Apesar de estar em evidência, seu conceito ainda suscita dúvidas. De que realmente se trata a RSE? Como se relacionam as partes envolvidas? Sujeita-se a ideia que representa a algum tipo de controle? Com a difusão da RSE, o conceito anuviou-se, adquirindo sentidos diversos, conforme as resultantes dos propósitos em questão. Visando-se compreendê-lo melhor, procede-se neste artigo a uma leitura multidisciplinar da RSE. Utiliza-se, para tanto, de aportes da Administração, do Direito e da Filosofia, com enfoque no pensamento habermasiano. A Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas possibilita que se direcione à RSE uma visão crítica, extensora das acepções que a ela usualmente se atribuem. Trata-se de pesquisa teórica, cujo objetivo é discutir a RSE reflexivamente e por ângulos variados. Aponta-se para a necessidade de investir na inteligibilidade conceitual da RSE.

The demand for electricity is growing worldwide. At the same time, the non-renewable natural resources that account for a large proportion of the global energy matrix are rapidly depleting, which will pose a major challenge in the near future. Therefore, micro-grid models that use renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, are rapidly developing and are becoming economically viable alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of installing solar and wind power generation systems in the NOVVALIGHT electrical components factory located in Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil. The most viable model was the combination of solar and wind energy, which would generate approximately 260 MWh of energy per year. Using financing provided by the Brazilian Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), this proposal has an eight-year payback period, net present value of BRL 149,097.42, and internal rate of return of 18%, demonstrating its economic viability.

We provide new evidence on how monetary policy affects investment and firm finance in the United States and the United Kingdom. Younger firms paying no dividends exhibit the largest and most significant change in capital expenditure – even after conditioning on size, asset growth, Tobin’s Q, leverage or liquidity – and drive the response of aggregate investment. Older companies, in contrast, hardly react at all. After a monetary policy tightening, net worth falls considerably for all firms but borrowing declines only for younger non-dividend payers, as their external finance is mostly exposed to asset value fluctuations. Conversely, cash-flows change less markedly and more homogeneously across groups. Our findings highlight the role of firm finance and financial frictions in amplifying the effects of monetary policy on investment.

Gaudete et exsultate é o título da terceira exortação apostólica do Papa Francisco, assinada aos 19 de março de 2018, que trata do chamado à santidade no mundo atual. O título corresponde às primeiras palavras do versículo conclusivo do discurso das bem-aventuranças (Mt 5,12). Nessa passagem, diz o Papa, “está delineado o rosto do Mestre, que somos chamados a deixar transparecer no dia a dia da nossa vida” (GE 63). Em cinco breves capítulos, o texto procura motivar toda a Igreja, para que “se dedique a promover o desejo da santidade” (GE 177). Este estudo volta-se para a perspectiva bíblica da exortação, investigando as suas raízes escriturísticas e analisando duas perícopes evangélicas que exercem um influxo especial sobre ela: Mt 5,1-12 e 25,3s

The present study aims to identify the motivational aspects that promote the adhesion, permanence, and the obstacles noticed by women in the practice of amateur seven-a-side football. The sample consisted in seventeen women of a youth group from a municipality on the western region of Rio Grande do Sul. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire about the sociodemographic characterization (ABEP, 2016), “Motivation Inventory of Regular Practice of Physical and Sports Activity', developed and validated by Balbinotti (2010), and questionnaire about motivations for adhesion and perceived obstacles, were used. Data were analyzed through the descriptive statistic and content analysis (BARDIN, 2011). The results showed that the athletes are distributed in five economic extracts (A, B1, B2, C1 and C2) and had as predominant motivational aspect to the soccer practice, the pleasure dimension, followed by the stress control. The main influence on the adhesion to the soccer was the Scholar Physical Education and the obstacles to the practice of women's soccer were little evidences, restricted to physical space, financial situation, double shift and prejudices related to cultural machismo. It's concluded that the women's soccer athletes are mainly motivated by the individual pleasure of each member, where the stress control and sociability have a great influence on the participation of these girls in the sport and that the family and friends' support is very important for the group and becomes daily incentive to their permanence in the soccer world. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los aspectos motivacionales que promueven la adherencia, la permanencia y las barreras percibidas de las mujeres a la práctica del fútbol amateur. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diecisiete mujeres de un grupo de jóvenes de una ciudad de la región occidental de Rio Grande do Sul. Se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos un cuestionario sobre caracterización sociodemográfica (ABEP, 2016), Inventario de Motivación para la Práctica Regular de Actividad Física y Deportiva, desarrollado y validado por Balbinotti (2010) y un cuestionario sobre las motivaciones para la adherencia y barreras percibidas. . Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido (BARDIN, 2011). Los resultados mostraron que los deportistas se distribuyen en cinco estratos económicos (A, B1, B2, C1 y C2) y tuvieron como aspecto motivacional predominante, para la práctica del fútbol, ​​la dimensión placer, seguida del control del estrés. La principal influencia para la adhesión al fútbol fue la Educación Física en la escuela y las barreras para la práctica del fútbol femenino fueron poco evidentes, restringiéndose al espacio físico, situación económica, doble jornada laboral y prejuicios relacionados con el machismo cultural. Se concluye que las deportistas de fútbol femenino están motivadas principalmente por el placer individual de cada componente, donde el control del estrés y la sociabilidad tienen una gran influencia en la participación de estas chicas en el deporte y que el apoyo de familiares y amigos es muy importante para el grupo. y eso se convierte en un incentivo diario para permanecer en el campo de fútbol. Il presente studio mirava a identificare gli aspetti motivazionali che promuovono l'adesione, la permanenza e le barriere percepite delle donne alla pratica del calcio amatoriale. Il campione era composto da diciassette donne di un gruppo di giovani di una città nella regione occidentale del Rio Grande do Sul. Come strumento di raccolta dati abbiamo utilizzato un questionario sulla caratterizzazione sociodemografica (ABEP, 2016), Inventory of Motivation for Regular Practice of Physical and Sports Activity, sviluppato e validato da Balbinotti (2010) e un questionario sulle motivazioni all'adesione e sulle barriere percepite . I dati sono stati analizzati utilizzando statistiche descrittive e analisi dei contenuti (BARDIN, 2011). I risultati hanno mostrato che gli atleti sono distribuiti in cinque strati economici (A, B1, B2, C1 e C2) e avevano come aspetto motivazionale predominante, per la pratica del calcio, la dimensione del piacere, seguita dal controllo dello stress. L'influenza principale per l'adesione al calcio è stata l'educazione fisica a scuola e le barriere alla pratica del calcio femminile erano poche prove, essendo limitate allo spazio fisico, alla situazione finanziaria, al doppio orario di lavoro e ai pregiudizi legati al machismo culturale. Si conclude che le atlete di calcio sono motivate principalmente dal piacere individuale di ogni componente, dove il controllo dello stress e la socialità hanno una grande influenza sulla partecipazione di queste ragazze allo sport e che il supporto della famiglia e degli amici è molto importante per il gruppo .e che diventa un incentivo quotidiano per rimanere nel campo di calcio. O presente estudo teve como objetivo de identificar os aspectos motivacionais que promovem a adesão, a permanência e as barreiras percebidas de mulheres à prática do futebol sete amador. A amostra foi composta por dezessete mulheres de um grupo de jovens de um municí­pio da região oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Como instrumento de recolha dos dados utilizou-se de um questionário sobre a caracterização sociodemográfica (ABEP, 2016), Inventário de Motivação à Pratica Regular de Atividade Fí­sica e Esportiva, desenvolvido e validado por Balbinotti (2010) e questionário sobre as motivações para adesão e barreiras percebidas. Os dados foram analisados através da estatí­stica descritiva e pela análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados demonstraram que as atletas encontram distribuí­das em cinco extratos econômicos (A, B1, B2, C1 e C2) e tinham como aspecto motivacional predominante, para a prática do futebol, a dimensão prazer, seguida do controle de stress. A principal influência para adesão ao futebol foi a Educação Física escolar e as barreiras para a prática do futebol feminino foram poucas evidências, restringindo-se a espaço fí­sico, situação financeira, jornada dupla de trabalho e preconceitos relativos ao machismo cultural. Conclui-se que as atletas de futebol feminino se motivam principalmente pelo prazer individual de cada componente, onde o controle de stress e a sociabilidade tem grande influência na participação dessas meninas no esporte e que o apoio da famí­lia e amigos é muito importante para o grupo e esse torna-se incentivo diário na permanência no meio futebolí­stico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo de identificar os aspectos motivacionais que promovem a adesão, a permanência e as barreiras percebidas de mulheres à prática do futebol sete amador. A amostra foi composta por dezessete mulheres de um grupo de jovens de um municí­pio da região oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Como instrumento de recolha dos dados utilizou-se de um questionário sobre a caracterização sociodemográfica (ABEP, 2016), Inventário de Motivação à Pratica Regular de Atividade Fí­sica e Esportiva, desenvolvido e validado por Balbinotti (2010) e questionário sobre as motivações para adesão e barreiras percebidas. Os dados foram analisados através da estatí­stica descritiva e pela análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados demonstraram que as atletas encontram distribuí­das em cinco extratos econômicos (A, B1, B2, C1 e C2) e tinham como aspecto motivacional predominante, para a prática do futebol, a dimensão prazer, seguida do controle de stress. A principal influência para adesão ao futebol foi a Educação Física escolar e as barreiras para a prática do futebol feminino foram poucas evidências, restringindo-se a espaço fí­sico, situação financeira, jornada dupla de trabalho e preconceitos relativos ao machismo cultural. Conclui-se que as atletas de futebol feminino se motivam principalmente pelo prazer individual de cada componente, onde o controle de stress e a sociabilidade tem grande influência na participação dessas meninas no esporte e que o apoio da famí­lia e amigos é muito importante para o grupo e esse torna-se incentivo diário na permanência no meio futebolí­stico.

The electrical sector is under constant evolution. One of the areas refers to the consumers that come to be generators, implementing distributed generation, interconnected to a smart grid. This article discusses the improvement of an algorithm, already presented in the literature, to make the best temporal allocation of loads, electric vehicle, storage and many sources of generation, aiming at the maximum financial performance, that is, the lowest value for the energy invoice The modeling consists of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) algorithm, which considers each component of the system and weighs the maintenance and shelf life of storage devices, basically batteries, loads that can be reallocated and the concept of Vehicle-to-grid, performing a daily analysis. The simulation has considered the hypothetical case of a residence, in which are included storage, electric vehicle and redistribution of loads, as well as wind and solar generation. Several scenarios are simulated, with or without the presence of some of the components. The results indicate that the simplest model, only redistributing the loads, can provide a sensible monetary savings of approximately 60%, while with the application of all the components modeled, there can be a reduction in the invoice of 90%.

This paper proposes a dynamic optimization mathematical approach to obtain the optimum mix of distributed generation plants with renewable energy resources (RER) necessary to provide reliability to critical electrical systems. This model takes as inputs the energy potential ofwater, wind and solar resources available and injectable in each area, investment and operation and maintenance (OM as well as parameters of existing electrical grid and conventional generation plants. The proposed model is performed for the 8760 hours of a typical year within which it is considered out-of-service states for existing transmission lines and power plants. A robust approach is contemplated though a cost sensibility analysis. The results of the application performed in a real case in Puno, Peru evidence an improvement of approximately 81% and 68% in reliability indexes SAIDI and SAIFI, respectively.

The behaviour of ionic solutions confined in nanoscale gaps is central to countless processes, from biomolecular function to electrochemistry, energy storage and lubrication. However, no clear link exists between the molecular-level behaviour of the liquid and macroscopic observations. The problem mainly comes from the difficulty to interrogate a small number of liquid molecules. Here, we use atomic force microscopy to investigate the viscoelastic behaviour of pure water and ionic solutions down to the single ion level. The results show a glassy-like behaviour for pure water, with single metal ions acting as lubricants by reducing the elasticity of the nano-confined solution and the magnitude of the hydrodynamic friction. At small ionic concentration (20 mM) the results can be quantitatively explained by the ions moving via a thermally-activated process resisted by the ion's hydration water (Prandtl-Tomlinson model). The model breaks down at higher salt concentrations due to ion-ion interaction effects that can no longer be neglected. The correlations are confirmed by direct sub-nanometre imaging of the interface at equilibrium. The results provide a molecular-level basis for explaining the tribological properties of aqueous solutions and suggest that ion-ion interactions create mesoscale effects that prevent a direct link between nanoscale and macroscopic measurements.

La presente publicación es el resultado de la ejecución del Convenio de Colaboración 5211740 celebrado entre la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y la Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, Ecopetrol S.A., en el Proyecto 6 (SGI 1219), el cual tuvo como objetivo principal ejecutar acciones de restauración ecológica de 105 ha en el DRMI Rabanal (Ventaquemada, Boyacá) y en el municipio de Sabanalarga (Casanare). Lo anterior, como medida de compensación ambiental en el marco de la ejecución del Proyecto del Poliducto Andino. Es muy importante para Ecopetrol S.A., demostrar que los proyectos de infraestructura son ejecutados con un sello de responsabilidad social y ambiental, en los que siempre se ha procurado mitigar al máximo el impacto sobre los ecosistemas. Se debe tener en cuenta que sobre los sitios de estudio se han venido desarrollando procesos históricos de impactos de tipo antropogénico como talas, quemas, minería, ganadería extensiva y la ampliación de la frontera agrícola, que afectan directamente la diversidad de especies en la zona. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo pretende mostrar las estrategias diseñadas e implementadas a través de procesos de restauración ecológicas en los ecosistemas de alta montaña, páramo y piedemonte llanero, y destacar la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos que estos sitios ofrecen. Esta iniciativa quiere dar a conocer, lo importante que es cuidar y preservar los bosques, ya que son el hogar de una amplia gama de plantas y animales que cumplen un rol en el desarrollo de una serie de procesos como el ciclaje de nutrientes, el ciclo del agua y la regulación hídrica. La restauración ecológica y la interaccion con la participación de la comunidad son el tema principal, se muestran las plantas nativas, además de fauna importante en esta dinámica de los ecosistemas alto andinos de páramo, así como del piedemonte llanero, haciendo énfasis en los municipios de Ventaquemada (Boyacá) y Sabanalarga (Casanare). Este material bibliográfico pretende convertirse en una herramienta útil no solo para la comunidad académica, sino también para la comunidad en general y sobre todo para los habitantes de las localidades de influencia del proyecto, con el fin último de conocer algunas de las especies, de una manera fácil y didáctica. Se debe resaltar la labor y el trabajo que ha venido haciendo el grupo de investigación Sistemática Biológica (SisBio) de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, ya que sus integrantes buscaron estrategias de trabajo desde el conocimiento básico, el trabajo con la comunidad y la búsqueda de mejorar fragmentos de bosque en diferentes estados de deterioro en las diferentes localidades, y que estamos seguros que se convertirá en una herramienta y punto de partida para futuros estudios. El personal profesional y técnico que realizó sus aportes a este libro está comprometido con entregar un producto de calidad y con el que buscan demostrar que los proyectos de investigación también deben involucrar a la comunidad campesina, ya que con ellos y su conocimiento empírico el aporte cobra un significado importante.

RESUMEN Se presenta un catálogo de las plantas vasculares que crecen en Chile. Está organizado por divisiones, Pteridophyta (Lycopodiopsida y Polypodiopsida), Pinophyta (Gnetopsida y Pinopsida) y Magnoliophyta (Liliopsida y Magnoliopsida), y dentro de cada grupo, las jerarquías taxonómicas (Familia, Género, Especies y taxones infraespecíficos) están ordenados alfabéticamente. Se incluye además un índice alfabético de géneros con indicación de la familia y grupo a que pertenecen. De acuerdo a este catálogo la flora de las plantas vasculares que crecen en Chile, comprende 186 familias, 1121 géneros y 5471 especies, de éstas, 4655 corresponden a especies nativas, de las cuales 2145 son endémicas de Chile y 816 las especies introducidas.

El presente trabajo de tesis investigó la relación existente entre las estrategias motivacionales del aprendizaje y las metas de estudio en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Educación durante el semestre 2016-II. Se seleccionó como unidad de análisis al alumnado de las especialidades de Historia-Geografía y Psicología-Filosofía de dicha Facultad, estableciéndose el tamaño de la muestra estratificada en 124 alumnos. La selección de estos se hizo con la tabla de números aleatorios. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo correlacional, y un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. Los instrumentos de colecta de datos fueron: La Escala de Estrategias Motivacionales del Aprendizaje, y la Escala de Metas de Estudio; los cuales fueron reexaminados en sus propiedades psicométricas de validez de contenido con la técnica de juicio de expertos y el coeficiente de Aiken, y la confiabilidad con el método de congruencia interna con el alfa de Cronbach. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos se hizo con la escala de estanones para las hipótesis descriptivas y la prueba paramétrica correlación de Pearson para las hipótesis correlacionales general y específicas. Los resultados evidencian que el estudiantado de las especialidades mencionadas de Ciencias Sociales presenta un mediano uso de estrategias motivacionales de aprendizaje, y un nivel medio de metas de estudio. En cuanto a las hipótesis correlacionales reportaron correlaciones directas de alta intensidad y estadísticamente significativas entre las variables estrategias motivacionales del aprendizaje y metas académicas, así como en las relaciones de las estrategias motivacionales de expectativa y afectividad con la variable metas de estudio, y una correlación directa de mediana intensidad y estadísticamente significativa entre las estrategias motivacionales de valor y las metas de estudio. Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. Tesis

Plasma technology is a fast, cost-effective, and pollution-free method that can be used in place of conventional methods to overcome seed dormancy. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of different application times of atmospheric plasma on soaking and germination of Hybanthus calceolaria seeds in order to accelerate these processes. Helium plasma jet produced by dielectric barrier discharge was used to treat H. calceolaria seeds with applications of 1, 5, and 10 minutes. The treated seeds were characterized considering their weight variation during soaking, changes in electrical conductivity, and pH. It was found that germination depended on the plasma application time. The treatment of H. calceolaria seeds with atmospheric plasma for 1 minute provided 3.5 times greater germination in comparison to untreated seeds. Atmospheric plasma technology obtained by dielectric barrier discharge had potential of being used as a germination accelerant in H. calceolaria seeds. The treatment of H. calceolaria seeds using atmospheric plasma for 1 minute favored germination. A tecnologia de plasma constitui-se em um método rápido, econômico e livre de poluição que pode ser utilizada na superação de dormência de sementes em substituição aos métodos convencionais. O objetivo com esse estudo foi verificar o efeito do tempo de aplicação de plasma atmosférico sobre a embebição e germinação de sementes de Hybanthus calceolaria visando à aceleração destes processos. Jato de plasma de gás hélio, produzido por descarga em barreira dielétrica (DBD), foi utilizado para tratar as sementes de H. calceolaria por 1, 5 e 10 minutos de aplicação. As sementes tratadas foram caracterizadas quanto à variação de peso durante a embebição, variações da condutividade elétrica e pH. Verificou-se que a germinação depende do tempo de aplicação do plasma. O tratamento de sementes de H. calceolaria com plasma atmosférico por 1 min. proporcionou incremento na germinação de 3,5 vezes em comparação com as não tratadas. A tecnologia de plasma atmosférico, obtido por barreira dielétrica, apresenta potencial de utilização como acelerador da germinação de sementes de H. calceolaria. O tratamento de sementes de H. calceolaria à plasma atmosférico durante 1 minuto favorece a germinação.