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A method for quantification of diarylheptanoids in Curcuma comosa rhizomes and selected pharmaceutical preparations was established by using HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). The chromatographic separation of three diarylheptanoids [(3S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-7-phenyl-(6E)-6-hepten-3-ol (1), (3R)-1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (2), and (3S)-1,7-diphenyl-(6E)-6-hepten-3-ol (3)] was performed on a Luna C18 analytical column using gradient elution with 0.5% acetic acid in water and acetonitrile with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 35°C. The calibration curves for the analytes showed good linearity (R2>0.999), high precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)

A series of N-benzyl tetrahydropiperidinylidene pyrrolidinium salts have been synthesized and investigated for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities as well as for their cytotoxic effects. The antibacterial, antimycobacterial and anticancer potencies of selected compounds were examined, too. Physicochemical parameters were calculated and structure-activity-relationships are discussed.

The short bloom period of Shorea roxburghii G.Don is a technical challenge in the development of a fast and efficient process for recovering essential oils. This study aimed to optimize the conditions for the isolation of essential oil and the determination of the resulting oil's possible bioactivities for fragrance applications. Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study essential oil from fresh inflorescences. The microwave power and irradiation time were chosen as crucial independent variables, while essential oil yield was the response variable. The physicochemical, antioxidant, olfactory, cytotoxic, and irritant properties of the resulting oil were evaluated. SFME yielded essential oil with a unique and pleasant scent, similar to that of fresh flowers. Increased microwave power and irradiation time increased the oil yield. The proportions of oxygenated compounds with high antioxidant properties were notably higher after SFME than after hydrodistillation. The optimal conditions for maximizing the oil yield were 800 W and 35 min. Among 51 volatile substances, germacrene B, kaur-16-ene, β-caryophyllene, and (E)-linalool oxide (furanoid) were the oil's main components. Low toxicity to primary human dermal fibroblast cells was defined at an oil concentration

Eight new flavonoid-based 3'-O-β-d-glucopyranosides (1-8) and three new galloyl glucosides (9, 11, 12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Saxifraga spinulosa, along with 25 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Most of the isolated compounds exhibited potent DPPH radical-scavenging activities. Further, their inhibitory activities were evaluated against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, protozoan parasites that cause piroplasmosis in livestock. The results indicated that several of these compounds showed growth-inhibitory effects on such organisms that cause piroplasmosis.

Intestinal damage in malnutrition constitutes a threat to the survival of many thousands of children globally. We studied children in Lusaka, Zambia, with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and persistent diarrhea using endoscopy, biopsy and analysis of markers and protective proteins in blood and intestinal secretions. We carried out parallel investigations in apparently healthy adults, and analyzed biomarkers only in apparently healthy children. Villus height and crypt depth did not differ in children with SAM and adult controls, but epithelial surface was reduced in children with SAM (median 445, interquartile range (IQR) 388, 562 μm per 100 μm muscularis mucosae) compared to adults (578, IQR 465,709; P = 0.004). Histological lesions and disruptions of claudin-4 and E-cadherin were most pronounced in children with SAM. Circulating lipopolysaccharide, a marker of bacterial translocation, was higher in malnourished children (251, IQR 110,460 EU/ml) than in healthy children (51, IQR 0,111; P = 0.0001). Other translocation markers showed similar patterns. Anti-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide IgG concentrations, although within the normal range, were higher in children with SAM (median 2.7 U/ml, IQR 1.5–8.6) than in adults (1.6, 1.4–2.1; P = 0.005), and were inversely correlated with villus height (ρ = − 0.79, n = 13, P = 0.001). Malnutrition enteropathy is associated with intestinal barrier failure and immune dysregulation., Highlights • Enteropathy in children with severe acute malnutrition is characterized by variable villus blunting and epithelial disruption. • Biomarkers indicate very high levels of microbial translocation from intestinal lumen to systemic circulation. • Coeliac-type autoantibodies were associated with villus blunting, microbial translocation markers and mortality. There is abundant evidence that childhood malnutrition is a major contributor to mortality in many low and middle income countries. Mortality remains unacceptably high. Here we show that severe acute malnutrition was characterized by very high levels of microbial translocation and inflammation, and severe mucosal damage with disturbed tight junction protein expression. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin peptides, although within the normal range, correlated with villus morphology, translocation markers and death. Malnutrition enteropathy permits mucosal inflammation, microbial translocation and immune dysregulation.

JSON is one of the most popular data encoding formats, with wide adoption in Databases and BigData frameworks as well as native support in popular programming languages such as JavaScript/Node.js, Python, and R. Nevertheless, JSON data processing can easily become a performance bottleneck in data-intensive applications because of parse and serialization overhead. In this paper, we introduce F ad . js , a runtime system for efficient processing of JSON objects in data-intensive applications. F ad . js is based on (1) speculative just-in-time (JIT) compilation and (2) selective access to data. Experiments show that applications using F ad . js achieve speedups up to 2.7x for encoding and 9.9x for decoding JSON data when compared to state-of-the art JSON processing libraries.

Unmittelbar nach der Wahl zum Europaischen Parlament 2014 wurde eine Wahlanalyse veroffentlicht, uber die zahlreiche osterreichische Medien berichteten. Diese deuteten die prasentierten Befunde als grosen Einfluss von Boulevardzeitungen, insbesondere der Kronen Zeitung, auf das Votum fur EU-kritische Parteien. Tatsachlich fand die Analyse, dass Krone LeserInnen eher EU-kritische Parteien wahlten als Nicht-LeserInnen. Querschnitt-Befunde konnen jedoch kausale Medieneffekte nicht beweisen und sollten daher vorsichtiger interpretiert werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die kausalen Effekte des Krone-Lesens im Vorfeld zur EU-Wahl. In einer Inhaltsanalyse konnte ein negativer EU-Bias der Krone nachgewiesen werden, der sich jedoch uberwiegend auf den Leserbriefseiten manifestierte. Wie die an diesen Befund anknupfende zweiwellige Panel-Studie zeigen konnte, erhohte die Nutzung der Kronen Zeitung die Wahlentscheidung zu Gunsten EU-kritischer Parteien, wobei dieser Effekt jedoch nur bei jenen auftrat, die haufig Leserbriefe lasen. Die kausalen Effekte der Enttauscht gemachte WahlerInnen? Krone-Rezeption im Vorfeld der EU-Wahl waren wohl geringer als in der Medienberichterstattung zur eingangs genannten Wahlanalyse vermittelt.

Da es im Bereich der Erforschung der Reprasentanz und Darstellung von MigrantInnen und Migration im Radio erhebliche Forschungslucken gibt, hat die vorliegende Studie die Migrationsberichterstattung in den Nachrichtensendungen privater und offentlich-rechtlicher osterreichischer Radiostationen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse zeigen, dass die analysierten Radionachrichten zum grosen Teil fair und ausgewogen waren und die Unterschiede zwischen den Sendern nicht an einer Abgrenzung zwischen offentlich-rechtlichen und privaten Sendern festgemacht werden konnten. Wahrend der Themenbereich Auslanderkriminalitat in Vergleichsstudien einen hohen Stellenwert hatte, fand die vorliegende Analyse weit weniger Beitrage, die das Thema behandelten. Auch das Framing von Migration aus einer Schaden-Perspektive und eine negative Bewertung von MigrantInnen fand sich in den analysierten Nachrichten weniger oft. Es zeigte sich die Dominanz eines Patronanz- oder Beschutzer-Frames, in dem fur MigrantInnen Stellung bezogen wurde, jedoch gleichzeitig MigrantInnen nicht fur sich selbst sprechen konnten. Migrant/inen kommt im Radio also selten die Sprecherfunktion und somit Interpretationsmacht zu.

A 73-year-old woman with exertional dyspnoea without retrosternal pain was referred for cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). An anomaly of the coronary artery anatomy was detected with separate ostia of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX) from the left sinus of Valsalva (Figures 1 and 2, Supplementary material online, Figure S1, and Videos 1 and 2). The LCX ostium was located anterior to the LAD ostium and a proximal crossing of the LAD and LCX was identified with epicardial LAD crossing superior to LCX. Immediately distal to the crossing, a septal branch separated from LCX. Since the CCTA scan revealed no coronary artery stenosis or intramyocardial bridging no further ischaemia testing was done.

"Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit unter unibrennt bzw. Audimaxismus firmierenden Studierendenprotesten 2009 in Wien. In einer Inhaltsanalyse der Online-Plattformen der Protestbewegung wird untersucht, wie verschiedene Akteursgruppen ihre Haltung gegenüber der Protestbewegung konzipierten und artikulierten und das Thema 'bessere Bildung' ausgehandelt wurde. Des Weiteren wurde erschlossen, welche Qualität/ Rationalität sowie welche gesellschaftlichen Ziel- und Wertvorstellungen für den Protestdiskurs - differenziert nach Plattformen - kennzeichnend waren. Social Media, insbesondere Facebook, wurden als zentrale Medien der Kommunikation genutzt. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die klassischerweise ohne öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit stattfindenden Debatten zur Selbstorganisation, Selbsterprobung und Selbstbestätigung der Protestbewegung somit bereits früh einer externen Evaluation ausgesetzt waren. Der Artikel identifiziert Indikatoren für den vorübergehenden Mobilisierungserfolg und für das Abflauen der Proteste." (Autorenreferat), "Topic of this article is the Austrian student protest movement of 2009, often referred to as unibrennt (university burns) or Audimaxismus (audimaxism). A content analysis of the movement's communication platforms shows how different groups of actors conceptualized and articulated their attitudes towards the protest movement and how the core issue of the protests 'better education' was publicly negotiated. Adding to this, the quality and level of rationality in the protest-related discourse were evaluated as well as societal aims and value concepts. Social media, most of all Facebook, were the central means of communication. This article shows cases that as a consequence of this the processes of self-organization, self-assurance and identity negotiation by the protesters found public attention and external observation as well as evaluation. In this article, the authors identify indicators explaining the temporary success of the protest in terms of mobilization and public attention, but explain also the slow decline of protests." (author's abstract)

We introduce general methods to analyse the Goodwillie tower of the identity functor on a wedge X ∨ Y of spaces (using the Hilton-Milnor theorem) and on the cofibre cof(f) of a map f: X → Y. We deduce some consequences for vn-periodic homotopy groups: whereas the Goodwillie tower is finite and converges in periodic homotopy when evaluated on spheres (Arone-Mahowald), we show that neither of these statements remains true for wedges and Moore spaces.