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The lifetimes of the yrast 8+ and 9+ states of 70As have been measured via the γ-ray lineshape method following population by the 9Be(78Rb,70As) reaction at 101.6 MeV/nucleon. The strength of the E18+→7- transition is found to be B(E1)=1.3(5)x 10-5 e²fm² or 1.2(4) x 10-5 Weisskopf units (W.u.) while the 9+→8+ M1 transition is found to have a strength of B(M1)=1.5(8) μN² or 0.85(42) W.u. The implications for the structure of these states is discussed and found to be consistent with an assignment to a πg9/2vg9/2 configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the neutron-rich silicon isotopes 36,38,40Si was studied by one-neutron and one-proton knockout reactions at intermediate beam energies. We construct level schemes for the knockout residues 35,37,39Si and 35,37,39Al and compare knockout cross sections to the predictions of an eikonal model in conjunction with large-scale shell-model calculations. The agreement of these calculations with the present experiment lends support to the microscopic explanation of the enhanced collectivity in the region of 42Si. We also present an empirical method for reproducing the observed low-momentum tails in the parallel momentum distributions of knockout residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of decay spectroscopy on nuclei in the vicinity of the doubly magic 48Ni are presented. The measurements were performed with a time projection chamber with optical readout which records tracks of ions and protons in the gaseous volume. Six decays of 48Ni, including four events of two-proton ground-state radioactivity, were recorded. An advanced reconstruction procedure yielded the 2p decay energy for 48Ni of Q2p = 1.29(4) MeV. In addition, the energy spectra of β-delayed protons emitted in the decays of 44Cr and 46Fe, as well as half-lives and branching ratios, were determined. The results were found to be consistent with the previous measurements made with Si detectors. A new proton line in the decay of 44Cr corresponding to the decay energy of 760 keV is reported. The first evidence for the β2p decay of 46Fe, based on one clear event, is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition rates from the yrast 2+ and 4+ states in the self-conjugate 72Kr nucleus were studied via lifetime measurements employing the GRETINA array with a novel application of the recoil-distance method. The large collectivity observed for the 4+ → 2+ transition suggests a prolate character of the excited states. The reduced collectivity previously reported for the 2+ → 0+ transition was confirmed. The irregular behavior of collectivity points to the occurrence of a rapid oblate-prolate shape transition in 72Kr, providing stringent tests for advanced theories to describe the shape coexistence and its evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excited states in the neutron-rich N = 38, 36 nuclei 60Ti and 58Ti were populated in nucleon-removal reactions from 61V projectiles at 90 MeV/nucleon. The γ-ray transitions from such states in these Ti isotopes were detected with the advanced γ-ray tracking array GRETINA and were corrected event by event for large Doppler shifts (v/c∼0.4) using the γ-ray interaction points deduced from online signal decomposition. The new data indicate that a steep decrease in quadrupole collectivity occurs when moving from neutron-rich N = 36, 38 Fe and Cr toward the Ti and Ca isotones. In fact, 58,60Ti provide some of the most neutron-rich benchmarks accessible today for calculations attempting to determine the structure of the potentially doubly magic nucleus 60Ca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the experimental study of quadrupole collectivity in the neutron-deficient nucleus 104Sn using intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation. The B(E2;01+→ 21+) value for the excitation of the first 2+ state in 104Sn has been measured to be 0.180(37) e2b2 relative to the well-known B(E2) value of 102Cd. This result disagrees by more than one sigma with a recently published measurement [G. Guastalla et at, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 172501 (2013)]. Our result indicates that the most modern many-body calculations remain unable to describe the enhanced collectivity below midshell in Sn approaching N = Z = 50. We attribute the enhanced collectivity to proton particle-hole configurations beyond the necessarily limited shell-model spaces and suggest the asymmetry of the B(E2)-value trend around midshell to originate from enhanced proton excitations across Z = 50 as N = Z is approached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first spectroscopy of excited states in 52Ni (Tz = -2) and 51Co (Tz = -3/2) has been obtained using the highly selective two-neutron knockout reaction. Mirror energy differences between isobaric analogue states in these nuclei and their mirror partners are interpreted in terms of isospin nonconserving effects. A comparison between large-scale shell-model calculations and data provides the most compelling evidence to date that both electromagnetic and an additional isospin nonconserving interactions for J = 2 couplings, of unknown origin, are required to obtain good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation measurements are performed on the N ≥ 40 neutron-rich nuclei 66,68Fe and 64Cr. The reduced transition matrix elements providing a direct measure of the quadrupole collectivity B(E2;21+ → 01+) are determined for the first time in 68Fe42 and 64Cr40 and confirm a previous recoil distance method lifetime measurement in 66Fe40. The results are compared to state-of-the-art large-scale shell-model calculations within the full fpgd neutron orbital model space using the Lenzi-Nowacki-Poves-Sieja effective interaction and confirm the results of the calculations that show these nuclei are well deformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production cross sections for neutron-rich nuclei from the fragmentation of a 82Se beam at 139 MeV/u were measured. The longitudinal momentum distributions of 126 neutron-rich isotopes of elements 11 ≼ Z ≼ 32 were scanned using an experimental approach of varying the target thickness. Production cross sections with beryllium and tungsten targets were determined for a large number of nuclei including several isotopes first observed in this work. These are the most neutron-rich nuclides of the elements 22 ≼ Z ≼ 25 (64Ti, 67V, 69Cr, and 72Mn). One event was registered consistent with 70Cr and another one with 75Fe. The production cross sections are correlated with Qg systematics to reveal trends in the data. The results presented here confirm our previous results from a similar measurement using a 76Ge beam and can be explained with a shell model that predicts a subshell closure at N = 34 around Z = 20. This is demonstrated by systematic trends and calculations with the abrasion-ablation model that are sensitive to separation energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-delayed proton emission from nuclides in the neighborhood of 100Sn was studied at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). The nuclei were produced by fragmentation of a 120 MeV/nucleon 112Sn primary beam on a Be target. Beam purification was provided by the A1900 Fragment Separator and the Radio Frequency Fragment Separator. The fragments of interest were identified and their decay was studied with the NSCL Beta Counting System in conjunction with the Segmented Germanium Array. The nuclei 96Cd, 98Ing, 98Inm, and 99In were identified as β-delayed proton emitters, with branching ratios bβp = 5.5(40)%, 5.5-2+3%, 19(2)%, and 0.9(4)%, respectively. The branching ratios for 89Ru, 91.92Rh, 93Pd, and 95Ag were deduced for the first time with bβp = 3-1.7+1.9%, 1.3(5)%, 1.9(1)%, 7.5(5)%, and 2.5(3)%, respectively. The bβp = 22(1)% value for 101Sn was deduced with higher precision than previously reported. The impact of the newly measured bβp values on the composition of the type I x-ray burst ashes was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lifetimes of the first 2+ states in the neutron-deficient 76,78Sr isotopes were measured using a unique combination of the γ-ray line-shape method and two-step nucléon exchange reactions at intermediate energies. The transition rates for the 2+ states were determined to be B(E2;2+ → 0+) = 2220(270) e2fm4 for 76Sr and 1800(250) e2fm4 for 78Sr, corresponding to large deformation of p\ = 0.45(3) for 76Sr and 0.40(3) for 78Sr. The present data provide experimental evidence for mutually enhanced collectivity that occurs at N = Z = 38. The systematic behavior of the excitation energies and B(E2) values indicates a signature of shape coexistence in 76Sr, characterizing 76Sr as one of most deformed nuclei with an unusually reduced E(4+)/E(2+) ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isomeric and β decays of the N = Z + 2 nucleus 96Ag were investigated at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. A cascade of γ-ray transitions originating from the deexcitation of a microsecond isomer was observed for the first time and was found in coincidence with two previously known transitions with energies of 470 and 667 keV. The isomeric half-life was determined as 1.45(7) μs, more precise than previously reported. The existence of a second, longer-lived microsecond isomer, associated with a 743-keV γ transition, is also proposed here. Shell model results within the (P3/2P1/2f5/2g9/2) model space, using the jj44b interaction, reproduced level energies and isomeric decay half-lives reasonably well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decay of the extremely neutron-deficient 48Ni was studied by means of an imaging time-projection chamber, which allowed the recording of tracks of charged particles. The decays of six atoms were observed. Four of them clearly correspond to two-proton radioactivity, providing the first direct evidence for this decay mode in 48Ni. Two decays represent β-delayed proton emission. The half-life of 48Ni is determined to be T1/2 = 2.1-0.4+1.4 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute, life-threatening disorder and plasma exchange (PEX) remains the mainstay of treatment. Methods We reviewed 50 acute TTP episodes to establish the efficacy and safety of cryosupernatant (CPP) and Octaplas. Results Twelve episodes used CPP only and 15 episodes started with CPP and changed to Octaplas. Once Octaplas had been used, it was continued on further admissions. Cryosupernatant was used exclusively in 24% and Octaplas exclusively in 42% of all episodes. The number of citrate reactions and allergic (plasma) reactions were halved in those receiving only Octaplas compared with cryosupernatant. There were 22 line infections and in approximately 70% of cases the infection was associated with a reduction in platelet count. In all 50 episodes, the only documented thrombosis was a superficial non-central vein. In episodes receiving only cryosupernatant or Octaplas, there was no significant difference in the median number of PEX to remission, 7·0 (interquartile range, IQR 5–8·8) and 8·0 (IQR 6·5–22), respectively. Baseline viral screen in all episodes was negative after discharge following an acute episode. Conclusion There was no difference in number of PEX to remission with cryosupernatant and solvent/detergent fresh-frozen plasma (Octaplas). However, allergic/urticarial and citrate reactions were more common with cryosupernatant. There was no documented viral transmission with either product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental data indicates that the limiting crack speed in brittle materials is less than the Rayleigh wave speed. One reason for this is that dynamic instabilities produce surface roughness and microcracks that branch from the main crack. These processes increase dissipation near the crack tip over a range of crack speeds. When the scale of observation (or mesh resolution) becomes much larger than the typical sizes of these features, effective-medium theories are required to predict the coarse-grained fracture dynamics. Two approaches to modeling these phenomena are described and used in numerical simulations. The first approach is based on cohesive elements that utilize a rate-dependent weakening law for the nodal cohesive forces. The second approach uses a continuum damage model which has a weakening effect that lowers the effective Rayleigh wave speed in the material surrounding the crack tip. Simulations in this paper show that while both models are capable of increasing the energy dissipated during fracture when the mesh size is larger than the process zone size, only the continuum damage model is able to limit the crack speed over a range of applied loads. Numerical simulations of straight-running cracks demonstrate good agreement between the theoretical predictions of the combined models and experimental data on dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials. Simulations that model crack branching are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-energy excitation level schemes of the neutron-rich 38-42S isotopes are investigated via in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy following the fragmentation of 48Ca and 46Ar projectiles on a 12C target at intermediate beam energies. Information on γγ coincidences complemented by comparisons to shell-model calculations were used to construct level schemes for these neutron-rich nuclei. The experimental data are discussed in the context of large-scale shell-model calculations with the SDPF-MU effective interaction in the sd-pf shell. For the even-mass S isotopes, the evolution of the yrast sequence is explored as well as a peculiar change in decay pattern of the second 2+ states at N=26. For the odd-mass 41S, a level scheme is presented that seems complete below 2.2 MeV and consistent with the predictions by the SDPF-MU shell-model Hamiltonian; this is a remarkable benchmark given the rapid shell and shape evolution at play in the S isotopes as the broken-down N=28 magic number is approached. Furthermore, the population of excited final states in projectile fragmentation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of single-particle strength in 67,69Ni was characterized with one-neutron knockout reactions from intermediate-energy Ni secondary beams, selectively populating neutron-hole configurations at 67,69N=39 and 41, respectively. The spectroscopic strengths deduced from the measured partial cross sections to the individual final states, as tagged by their ?-ray decays, are used to identify and quantify neutron configurations in the wave functions. While Ni69 compares well with shell-model predictions, the results for 67Ni challenge the validity of current effective shell-model Hamiltonians by revealing discrepancies that cannot be explained so far. These results suggest that our understanding of the low-lying states in the neutron-rich, semimagic Ni isotopes may be incomplete and requires further investigation on both the experimental and theoretical sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-neutron knockout reactions have been performed on a beam of radioactive 53Co in a high-spin isomeric state. The analysis is shown to yield a highly selective population of high-spin states in an exotic nucleus with a significant cross section, and hence represents a technique that is applicable to the planned new generation of fragmentation-based radioactive beam facilities. Additionally, the relative cross sections among the excited states can be predicted to a high level of accuracy when reliable shell-model input is available. The work has resulted in a new level scheme, up to the 11+ band-termination state, of the proton-rich nucleus 52Co (Z = 27, N = 25). This has in turn enabled a study of mirror energy differences in the A = 52 odd-odd mirror nuclei, interpreted in terms of isospin-nonconserving (INC) forces in nuclei. The analysis demonstrates the importance of using a full set of J-dependent INC terms to explain the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quadrupole transition rate for the 4+1→2+1 transition of 58Ni was determined from an application of the recoil distance method with the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA). The present result of the B(E2;4+1→2+1) was found to be 50+11-6e²fm4, which is about three times smaller than the literature value, indicating substantially less collectivity than previously believed. Shell model calculations performed with the GXPF1A effective interaction agree with the present data and the validity of the standard effective charges in understanding collectivity in the nickel isotopes is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive spectroscopy of the N=29 nucleus 47Ar is presented, based on two complementary direct reaction mechanisms: one-neutron pickup onto 46Ar projectiles and one-proton removal from the 1- ground state of 48K. The results are compared with shell-model calculations that use the state-of-the-art SDPF-U and SDPF-MU effective interactions. Also, from the 9Be(46Cl,45S+γ)X one-proton-removal reaction, we report the first γ-ray transitions observed from 45S. By using comparisons with shell-model calculations, and from the observed intensities and energy sums, we propose a first tentative level scheme for 45S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly selective, intermediate-energy heavy-ion-induced neutron-pickup reaction, in combination with γ-ray spectroscopy using the γ-ray energy-tracking in-beam nuclear array (GRETINA), is shown to provide reliable relative spectroscopic strengths for high-ℓ orbitals in nuclei more neutron rich than the projectile. The reaction mechanism gives a significant final-state-spin alignment that is validated through γ-ray angular-distribution measurements enabled by the position sensitivity of GRETINA. This is the first time that γ-ray angular distributions could be extracted from a high-luminosity, fast-beam reaction other than inelastic scattering. This holds great promise for the restriction and assignment of Jp quantum numbers in exotic nuclei. We advance this approach to study the crucial N=28 shell closure and extract the ratio g9/2:f5/2 of bound neutron single-particle strengths in Ca49, a benchmark for emerging multi-shell ab initio and configuration-interaction theories that are applicable along the Ca isotopic chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of excited states in mirror nuclei allows us to extract information on charge-dependent (i.e., isospin-nonconserving) interactions in nuclei. Purpose: To extend previous studies of mirror nuclei in the fτ/2 region, investigating charge symmetry breaking of the strong nuclear force. Methods: γ-ray spectroscopy has been performed for the mirror (Tz=±3/2) pair 53Ni and 53Mn, produced via mirrored one-nucleon knockout reactions. Results: Several new transitions have been identified in 53Ni from which a new level scheme has been constructed. Cross sections for knockout have been analyzed and compared with reaction model calculations where evidence is found for knockout from high-spin isomeric states. Mirror energy differences between isobaric analog states have been computed, compared to large scale shell-model calculations, and interpreted in terms of isospin-nonconserving effects. In addition, lifetimes for the long-lived Jπ=5/2-1 analog states in both 53Mn and 53Ni have been extracted through lineshape analysis, giving half-lives of t1/2=120(14) ps and t1/2=198(12) ps, respectively. Conclusions: The inclusion of a set of isovector isospin-nonconserving matrix elements to the shell-model calculations gave the best agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutron-deficient nucleus 107Sn has been studied by using the one-neutron knockout reaction. By measuring the decay γ rays and momentum distributions of reaction residues, the spins of the ground, 5/2+, and first-excited, 7/2+, states of 107Sn have been assigned by comparisons to eikonal-model reaction calculations. Limits on the inclusive and exclusive cross sections have been measured and transitions due to neutron removals from below the N=50 closed shell have been observed. New excited states up to 5.5 MeV in 107Sn have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the USA and globally. Despite decades of research, the ability to predict who will die by suicide is still no better than 50%. Traditional screening instruments have helped identify risk factors for suicide, but they have not provided accurate predictive power for reducing death rates. Over the past decade, natural language processing (NLP), a form of machine learning (ML), has been used to identify suicide risk by analyzing language data. Recent work has demonstrated the successful integration of a suicide risk screening interview to collect language data for NLP analysis from patients in two emergency departments (ED) of a large healthcare system. Results indicated that ML/NLP models performed well identifying patients that came to the ED for suicide risk. However, little is known about the clinician's perspective of how a qualitative brief interview suicide risk screening tool to collect language data for NLP integrates into an ED workflow. This report highlights the feedback and observations of patient experiences obtained from clinicians using brief suicide screening interviews. The investigator used an open-ended, narrative interview approach to inquire about the qualitative interview process. Three overarching themes were identified: behavioral health workflow, clinical implications of interview probes, and integration of an application into provider patient experience. Results suggest a brief, qualitative interview method was feasible, person-centered, and useful as a suicide risk detection approach., (© 2023. National Council for Mental Wellbeing.)

Background: The rise of depression, anxiety, and suicide rates has led to increased demand for telemedicine-based mental health screening and remote patient monitoring (RPM) solutions to alleviate the burden on, and enhance the efficiency of, mental health practitioners. Multimodal dialog systems (MDS) that conduct on-demand, structured interviews offer a scalable and cost-effective solution to address this need., Objective: This study evaluates the feasibility of a cloud based MDS agent, Tina, for mental state characterization in participants with depression, anxiety, and suicide risk., Method: Sixty-eight participants were recruited through an online health registry and completed 73 sessions, with 15 (20.6%), 21 (28.8%), and 26 (35.6%) sessions screening positive for depression, anxiety, and suicide risk, respectively using conventional screening instruments. Participants then interacted with Tina as they completed a structured interview designed to elicit calibrated, open-ended responses regarding the participants' feelings and emotional state. Simultaneously, the platform streamed their speech and video recordings in real-time to a HIPAA-compliant cloud server, to compute speech, language, and facial movement-based biomarkers. After their sessions, participants completed user experience surveys. Machine learning models were developed using extracted features and evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: For both depression and suicide risk, affected individuals tended to have a higher percent pause time, while those positive for anxiety showed reduced lip movement relative to healthy controls. In terms of single-modality classification models, speech features performed best for depression (AUC = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51-0.78), facial features for anxiety (AUC = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.43-0.71), and text features for suicide risk (AUC = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.52-0.78). Best overall performance was achieved by decision fusion of all models in identifying suicide risk (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.65-0.87). Participants reported the experience comfortable and shared their feelings., Conclusion: MDS is a feasible, useful, effective, and interpretable solution for RPM in real-world clinical depression, anxiety, and suicidal populations. Facial information is more informative for anxiety classification, while speech and language are more discriminative of depression and suicidality markers. In general, combining speech, language, and facial information improved model performance on all classification tasks., Competing Interests: JC, DB, and AH were employed full-time by Clarigent Health. VRi, MN, and VRa were full-time employees of Modality.AI. JW-B is a part-time consultant and is sponsored by a grant from Clarigent Health. The above interests do not alter our adherence to Frontiers Media's policies. Clarigent Health and Modality did not influence or restrict the submission of this publication., (Copyright © 2023 Cohen, Richter, Neumann, Black, Haq, Wright-Berryman and Ramanarayanan.)

Background: Current depression, anxiety, and suicide screening techniques rely on retrospective patient reported symptoms to standardized scales. A qualitative approach to screening combined with the innovation of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) methods have shown promise to enhance person-centeredness while detecting depression, anxiety, and suicide risk from in-the-moment patient language derived from an open-ended brief interview., Objective: To evaluate the performance of NLP/ML models to identify depression, anxiety, and suicide risk from a single 5-10-min semi-structured interview with a large, national sample., Method: Two thousand four hundred sixteen interviews were conducted with 1,433 participants over a teleconference platform, with 861 (35.6%), 863 (35.7%), and 838 (34.7%) sessions screening positive for depression, anxiety, and suicide risk, respectively. Participants completed an interview over a teleconference platform to collect language about the participants' feelings and emotional state. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) models were trained for each condition using term frequency-inverse document frequency features from the participants' language. Models were primarily evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: The best discriminative ability was found when identifying depression with an SVM model (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.75-0.79), followed by anxiety with an LR model (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.72-0.76), and an SVM for suicide risk (AUC = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.68-0.72). Model performance was generally best with more severe depression, anxiety, or suicide risk. Performance improved when individuals with lifetime but no suicide risk in the past 3 months were considered controls., Conclusion: It is feasible to use a virtual platform to simultaneously screen for depression, anxiety, and suicide risk using a 5-to-10-min interview. The NLP/ML models performed with good discrimination in the identification of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk. Although the utility of suicide risk classification in clinical settings is still undetermined and suicide risk classification had the lowest performance, the result taken together with the qualitative responses from the interview can better inform clinical decision-making by providing additional drivers associated with suicide risk., Competing Interests: JW-B and JP are part-time consultants and are sponsored by a grant from Clarigent Health. JC, DB, and AH are employed full-time by Clarigent Health. The above interests do not alter our adherence to Frontiers Media’s policies. Clarigent Health did not influence or restrict the submission of this publication., (Copyright © 2023 Wright-Berryman, Cohen, Haq, Black and Pease.)

Magic and witchcraft, classic topics in the anthropology of religion, involve everyday things such as ashes, ceramics, minerals, shell, and projectile points. In many cultures, people attribute agency to such artifacts, as well as architecture, begging the question what is the archaeological record of such animate beings? To understand past human lifeways more fully, we need to explore the formation processes associated with the interaction between people and other non-human actors. For example, what might we learn from a burned pueblo whose rooms contain ash, projectile points, crystals, and other items? In this paper we argue that deposits in ritually closed pueblos of the North American Southwest, like many other Neolithic villages, likely contain purposely deposited objects in an effort to neutralize the anima left in these places and to prophylactically protect their former inhabitants from future witchcraft. We present Cottonwood Spring Pueblo, New Mexico, as a case study., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestWe were not financially compensated for this work nor do we have nonfinancial conflicts of interests. We do want to acknowledge those who assisted us with this paper., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding possible spikes in suicidal behavior in light of heightened risk factors such as social isolation and financial strain; thus, comprehensive suicide prevention training for emerging health service providers is increasingly vital. This article summarizes an interprofessional education (IPE) suicide prevention course delivered in-person in Spring 2020. Pilot data demonstrate that despite the impact of COVID-19 on higher education, this course had long-term impacts on trainee suicide prevention efficacy, IPE attitudes, and use of course content in practice. Discussion serves to address enhancements for interprofessional and suicide prevention education during and after the pandemic. Emphasis is placed on adaptable training strategies, considerations in the delivery format, guidelines for intensive virtual meetings with trainee teams, and future directions in IPE suicide prevention training research.

Stigma and discrimination are fundamental causes of health inequities, and reflect privilege, power, and disadvantage within society. Experiences and impacts of stigma and discrimination are well-documented, but a critical gap remains on effective strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings. We aimed to address this gap by conducting a mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis to describe strategy types and characteristics, assess effectiveness, and synthesize key stakeholder experiences. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health, and grey literature. We included quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating strategies to reduce stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings. We used an implementation-focused narrative synthesis approach, with four steps: 1) preliminary descriptive synthesis, 2) exploration of relationships between and across studies, 3) thematic analysis of qualitative evidence, and 4) model creation to map strategy aims and outcomes. Of 8,262 articles screened, we included 12 articles from 10 studies. Nine articles contributed quantitative data, and all measured health worker-reported outcomes, typically about awareness of stigma or if they acted in a stigmatizing way. Six articles contributed qualitative data, five were health worker perspectives post-implementation and showed favorable experiences of strategies and beliefs that strategies encouraged introspection and cultural humility. We mapped studies to levels where stigma can exist and be confronted and identified critical differences between levels of stigma strategies aimed to intervene on and evaluation approaches used. Important foundational work has described stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings, but limited interventional work has been conducted. Healthcare and policy interventions aiming to improve equity should consider intervening on and measuring stigma and discrimination-related outcomes. Efforts to address mistreatment will not be effective when stigma and discrimination persist. Our analysis and recommendations can inform future intervention design and implementation research to promote respectful, person-centered care for all., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2022 Bohren et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Background: Emergency departments (ED) are an important intercept point for identifying suicide risk and connecting patients to care, however, more innovative, person-centered screening tools are needed. Natural language processing (NLP) -based machine learning (ML) techniques have shown promise to assess suicide risk, although whether NLP models perform well in differing geographic regions, at different time periods, or after large-scale events such as the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown., Objective: To evaluate the performance of an NLP/ML suicide risk prediction model on newly collected language from the Southeastern United States using models previously tested on language collected in the Midwestern US., Method: 37 Suicidal and 33 non-suicidal patients from two EDs were interviewed to test a previously developed suicide risk prediction NLP/ML model. Model performance was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier scores., Results: NLP/ML models performed with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71-0.91) and Brier score of 0.23., Conclusion: The language-based suicide risk model performed with good discrimination when identifying the language of suicidal patients from a different part of the US and at a later time period than when the model was originally developed and trained., Competing Interests: JC and LR are employed full-time by Clarigent Health. JW-B is a part-time consultant and is sponsored by a grant from Clarigent Health. DT, LD, and TK are employed full-time by WakeMed Health & Hospitals. The above interests do not alter our adherence to Frontiers Media's policies. Clarigent Health and WakeMed Health & Hospitals did not influence or restrict the submission of this publication., (Copyright © 2022 Cohen, Wright-Berryman, Rohlfs, Trocinski, Daniel and Klatt.)

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requires hospitals to meet rigorous patient satisfaction requirements for reimbursement. One metric used for patient satisfaction is call light responsiveness within a unit., Aims: To meet target call light responsiveness benchmarks at a 45-bed telemetry, medical-surgical nursing unit within a Magnet ® designated hospital., Methods: An evidence-based practice (EBP) project model was utilized. The chief nursing officer worked with an EBP nurse mentor. A PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time) question was developed to guide the literature search. Literature was critically appraised, and a resulting intervention was established. Nurse educators taught the unit nurses how to perform the intervention, and intervention integration was assessed via direct observation. Call light responsiveness data were collected to assess whether targets were met., Results: Five articles were deemed as applicable to the PICOT question, and the best evidence determined that using the 4Ps (pain, presence, "potty," and positioning) during structured registered nurse (RN) care rounding every 2 h improved patient outcomes. After RN education and implementation, hospital call light responsiveness began to improve., Linking Evidence to Action: Rounding without intention increases RN workload and does not result in improved patient outcomes or a satisfied patient. RN rounding every 2 h is effective and efficient when done with intention (i.e., adhering to the 4Ps). RN patient rounds done every 2 h with intention improved patient satisfaction and other patient outcomes such as a decrease in call light usage., (© 2021 Sigma Theta Tau International.)

Persistent pelvic pain (PPP) is an important cause of psychological distress and productivity loss in women. In 2017, a multidisciplinary clinic was established to care for Queensland women with PPP. By analysing clinic and emergency department data, we found 19% fewer patients required any presentation to the emergency department for exacerbations of pelvic pain (P = 0.003) within 12 months of clinic attendance. There was also a reduction in number of presentations, short stay admissions and daily opiate use in regular users. The Persistent Pelvic Pain Clinic (PPPC) made a difference to these women and reduced resource burden on a busy emergency department., (© 2021 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)