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Copyright of Journal of Economic Research & Business Administration is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Research & Business Administration is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is aimed to clarify the characteristics of changes and psychological evaluation in guest's personal space and solidarity spaces during the tea ceremony. (1) The personal space hardly change, while the other's personal spaces increase. The solidarity space increases in the middle and decreases after exiting the tea ceremony. (2) The most influential factor of spatial recognition is "delivery of the tea and desserts." (3) The common psychological factors that change simultaneously among thick tea and thin tea are spatial factor, variability factor, richness factor, and impression factor, while comfortable factor, tension factor, and peculiarity factor change differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do national governments choose to transfer some of their administrative, political, and fiscal powers to regional authorities? This article develops and tests a nationally focused strategic account: decentralization is a targeted means to bolster a governing party's national-level electoral strength by appeasing the voters of threatening ethnoterritorial parties in national parliamentary elections. Statistical analyses of decentralization across the subnational regions of Western European countries confirm that governing parties transfer additional competencies to regions in which an ethnoterritorial party threat exists, when the government is legislatively vulnerable. In contrast, if a government is not dependent on a region for maintaining national parliamentary control, the presence of a strong ethnoterritorial opponent will not motivate the government to decentralize. These findings help to explain patterns of asymmetrical decentralization across regions within a country and why governing parties decentralize competencies to subnational governments that they do not expect to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'International Relations & Regional Studies' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the years, Africa has continued to experience conflicts caused by civil wars and the tussle for power through military coups. Despite having the Mediation & Security Council within ECOWAS, it has been unable to create sustainable peace within the region. The many porous borders between the countries further exacerbate the complexities of its regional security. The consequences of these problems usually affect neighbouring countries, thereby resulting in regional security complexes and the consequent challenges of peacekeeping operations. This paper uses historical, descriptive and comparative analysis by focusing on coups as precursors to security challenges in the region of West Africa and the resulting peacekeeping operations by countries such as Nigeria. Based on the premise of ECOWAS, it introduces some conflicts caused by coups; the challenges of Regional Security Complex in West Africa and the examination of Nigerian Peacekeeping efforts. Furthermore, it offers some recommendations towards sustainable regional peace. Results show that there is a need for the African Union (AU) to do more to secure the continent. Reliance on non-African countries to support its internal security problems has become counterproductive. It recommends that Nigeria should temporarily suspend its peacekeeping operations and channel its resources towards addressing its internal security challenges; that the AU must establish a standing army as a quick response force to address the various continental crises before they become exponential threats and that ECOWAS should implement its common currency plan. Finally, the African Union must develop best practices that can alleviate poverty and guarantee security in line with the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobilisation of Ladakhi youth in the upper hills of western Himalayas through education represents a distinct cultural and ethnic identity. Notwithstanding the possibility of studying such mobilisation as effects of education, this article highlights that, being educated outside of Ladakh, the youth not only cultivate and develop multiple levels of consciousness about their situation but also carefully employ their cultural imperatives to mobilise politically. In a regional historical context with a comparative perspective, education is analysed as a tool for mobilising youth which subsequently shaped the local community for political transformation. Instead of talking of youth in isolation, the analytical framework captures the narrative structures of educational transformation and political mobilisation in a region. Becoming a Union Territory in 2019 after the bifurcation of the erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir state is the untold story behind the consistent struggle led by the Ladakhi-educated youth to articulate cultural and territorial identity and meet a long-standing demand for the regional autonomy. Through the narratives of history, this article highlights that the youth of Ladakh has been very much part of mobilisation for education as well as central to internal educational reforms and social progress that forecast the political imagination of a regional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan is the property of Brawijaya University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The basis of this study was the analysis of the human capital reproductive processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering the gender component. The object was the human capital of Kazakhstan's regions, and the subject was the gender aspect of human capital development. Mincer's supplemented human capital assessment model was the primary model for calculating human capital. Factors influencing the effective use of human capital in the regions, considering the gender component, were identified, and their indices were calculated. The analysis showed a persistent gender gap in life expectancy, education level, income, and labour market. Based on the results, leader and outsider regions in terms of the accumulated human capital level were identified. The analysis indicates the responsible attitude of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan towards developing gender equality. Over the past ten years, Kazakhstan has advanced significantly in its efforts to empower women in the socio-political sphere. The Republic of Kazakhstan has assumed obligations under several international agreements, adopted many laws, and developed government measures critical for increasing women's participation in government activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differences in soil fungal communities in four agricultural areas growing wheat (Triticum aestivum), rapeseed (Brassica napus), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the Qinghai Province, namely the Dulan (DL), Gonghe (GH), Huzhu (HZ), and Datong (DT) counties, were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. The region showed highly significant effects on soil pH, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, effective phosphate, total sulfur, and effective sulfur (p < 0.01). The crop type resulted in highly significant (p < 0.01) variations in total phosphate and effective phosphate. Principal coordinates analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed significant differences in soil fungal diversity and fungal community composition in the soils of three crops or four regions (p < 0.05). Although the soils of the four regions or three crops had similar dominant phyla, classes, and genera, these taxa differed in terms of their relative abundance. Four, 12, 15, and 16 biomarkers with significant linear discriminant analysis effect sizes were identified in the HZ, DL, GH, and DT groups, respectively. A total of 36, 12, and eight significant biomarkers were observed in the wheat, rapeseed, and barley soils, respectively. In addition, altitude and soil physicochemical properties had significant relationships with fungal diversity and community composition (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the analysis was to divide Polish regions (as a single region we mean

Introduction: Soil microorganisms are essential for crop growth and production as part of soil health. However, our current knowledge of microbial communities in tobacco soils and their impact factors is limited. Methods: In this study, we compared the characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in tobacco soils and their response to regional and rootstock disease differences. Results and discussion: The results showed that the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities responded more strongly to regional differences than to rootstock diseases, while bacterial niche breadth was more sensitive than fungi to regional differences. Similarly, the core bacterial and fungal taxa shared by the three regions accounted for 21.73% and 20.62% of all OTUs, respectively, which was much lower than that shared by RD and NRD in each region, ranging from 44.87% to 62.14%. Meanwhile, the differences in topological characteristics, connectivity, and stability of microbial networks in different regions also verified the high responsiveness of microbial communities to regions. However, rootstock diseases had a more direct effect on fungal communities than regional differences. Conclusion: This provided insight into the interactions between microbial communities, regional differences, and rootstock diseases, with important implications for maintaining soil health and improving tobacco yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development has become a prominent reference point in strategic planning and territorial improvement. Economic growth necessitates intensified efforts to utilize resources, often resulting in increased pressure on the environment and heightened social inequality. The application of sustainable development principles holds particular importance for urbanized territories. Assessing the regional sustainability integral indicator can help alleviate unequal socioeconomic development among municipalities. This indicator comprises indexes of the sustainability of individual territories. The authors propose the integral indicator as the arithmetic mean of indexes reflecting the sustainable development level of each component (economic, social, environmental). The authors applied this tool to municipalities in the Leningrad Region. Additionally, they conducted a ranking of municipal districts in the region based on the integral indicator. The leaders in sustainable development were the districts included in the St. Petersburg agglomeration. The authors suggest that a significant factor in the sustainable development of a territory is the presence of small enterprises, which possess the necessary flexibility for innovation in the social and environmental spheres. The authors propose distributing the elements of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) potential according to the sustainable development factors of the region. The obtained data will enable the making of administrative decisions at the municipal and regional levels, including those related to the intensity and support for SMEs operating in relevant industries. This methodological approach to assessing the sustainability of the region and its internal municipalities, particularly concerning SMEs, can be utilized to make optimal administrative decisions related to government support for specific business areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the state of sociocultural foundations of formation of the subjectivity of regional communities in modern Russia and the possibilities and limitations of their use for increasing the independence of federal subjects in constructing social reality. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of identity developed by a number of foreign and Russian researchers and P. Sorokin's theory of sociocultural dynamics. The study interprets the results of an empirical sociological study "Renovation of Sociocultural Constants as a Factor in the Reproduction and Development of Regional Communities," conducted by the authors in 2021 in Belgorod oblast, Russia. The study included: (1) a questionnaire survey of the population (N = 500: regionalized, quota sample; the quota characteristics were: place of residence, gender, age); (2) expert survey (N = 30; expert selection criteria: research experience in field of sociology, availability of scientific publications on problems of sociology of culture and sociology of the region); (3) focus group interviews (three groups: young people, employees of budgetary institutions related to the sociocultural sphere, and mass media workers,—in the total there were 32 participants). The unwillingness of the majority of respondents to identify themselves with the region, revealed during the study, complemented by their doubts about the existence of a community established within its borders, allows us to conclude that identity plays an insignificant role as a prerequisite for the formation of subjectivity in the regional community. Analysis of the dispositions of the research participants allows for a rather critical assessment of the prospects for increasing the level of subjectivity of the regional community through the actualization of a specific value-normative complex. This conclusion naturally follows from an assessment of respondents' statements about their characteristic values and norms and patterns of behavior, on the basis of which (provided they are interrelated and "prosocial") society is consolidated (integrated). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tibial slope is a parameter that is important to recognize in knee kinematics and knee surgery. A very wide range of values governing posterior tibial slope exist in the literature. This study is based on the hypothesis that age, gender and region may have an effect on the tibial slope. Materials and methods: A total of 1800 lateral knee radiographies from five different countries [Turkey, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK)] were utilized to measure the native posterior tibial slope. Participants were categorized in deciles with each decade of age after 40 years determined as a separate age group. Accordingly, four different age categories were formed in total, namely, the 40- to 49-, 50- to 59-, 60–69, and 70- to 79-year-old groups. Patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, those with a history of arthroscopic and open surgery around the knee, and those with severe morbid obesity and those outside the specified age group were excluded from the study. The angle between the line tangential to the medial tibial plateau and the proximal anatomical axis of the tibia was measured. Results: The tibial slope values of both males and females in the Turkish population were found to be higher than those in other populations. It was observed that tibial slope values increased with age in females in all populations, except for those in the Spanish and UK populations. In the male population, it was found that tibial slope values increased with age in all populations except in the Spanish population. Conclusions: Region, age, and gender affect tibial slope in different populations in various ways. Our study shows that the region an individual lives in and living conditions affect the tibial slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia is the most prominent example of the late 20th-century adoption of federalism to accommodate diversity and complete state-building. This article explores the implementation of federalism and accommodation of ethnonational diversity in dominant party regimes by using Ethiopia as a case. Drawing on legal documents, literature, news sources and government reports, the article argues that federalism enabled distinctive groups to promote their culture, use their languages and exercise self-rule in their territory. However, ethnonationalities' constitutionally proclaimed self-determination rights and the practice rarely correspond. Although all ethnonationalities have the same constitutional rights, some are still subjugated, and self-rule remains their dream. The dominant party regime in Ethiopia met demands for self-rule and accommodation with suppression and violence. The constitution grants regions to use their legislative powers to accommodate region-specific demands; nevertheless, regions cannot operate out of the narrow framework of the federal ruling party. Thus, regions became repressive agents of the centre rather than genuine self-rule agents. Insights from Ethiopia have broader implications for states embracing federalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic and accurate data on population has become pivotal point to overview the development of population in particular region, so that it required to a conduct a study to explore the description of the population growth rate, the factors causing the high population growth rate, and the impact of the high population growth rate in Batam Municipality. This study was exploratory research with a qualitative approach to analyze the population phenomenon in Batam Municipality. Data were collected using observation, interview, documentation, and audio-visual material collection. Informants were determined by purposive sampling and snowball techniques. This study used the Spradley analysis model with four stages of analysis, such as domain, taxonomic, components, and cultural themes. The results showed that the population growth rate increased from 1980 to 2012, but began to decline since the decline in economic growth in 2013 which indicated that the population growth rate in Batam Municipality followed the pattern of economic growth. The high rate of population growth was due to the high number of in-migration (65%) and high birth rates (35%), because most migrants were in productive age. The high rate of population growth in Batam Municipality had caused various population problems, such as citizenship status, citizenship administration services, illegal housing, traffic congestion, clean water crisis, waste accumulation, potential loss of local ethnic values, potential ethnic conflict, and potential increased of crime rate in Batam Municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health care in Manitoba, Canada is divided into five regions, each with unique geographies, demographics, health care access, and health status. COVID‐19‐related restrictions and subsequent responses also differed by region. To understand the impact of the pandemic on cancer incidence in the context of these differences, we examined age‐standardized cancer incidence rates by region over time before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: We used a population‐based quasi‐experimental study design, population‐based data, and an interrupted time series analysis to examine the rate of new cancer diagnoses before (January 2015 until December 2019) and after the start of COVID‐19 and the interventions implemented to mitigate its impact (April 2020 until December 2021) by region. Results: Overall cancer incidence differed by region and remained lower than expected in Winnipeg (4.6% deficit, 447 cases), Prairie Mountain (6.9% deficit, 125 cases), and Southern (13.0% deficit, 238 cases). Southern was the only region that had a significantly higher deficit in cases compared to Manitoba (ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.86, 0.99). Breast and colorectal cancer incidence decreased at the start of the pandemic in all regions except Northern. Lung cancer incidence decreased in the Interlake‐Eastern region and increased in the Northern region. Prostate cancer incidence increased in Interlake‐Eastern. Conclusions: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer incidence differed by region. The deficit in the number of cases was largest in the southern region and was highest for breast and prostate cancers. Cancer incidence did not significantly decrease in the most northern, remote region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This nationwide study assessed the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 6-, 12-, and 15-year-old school children across Saudi Arabia. This study examined differences between genders and among regions regarding the mean values of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), the care index (CI), and the significant caries index (SiC index). Data from 19,870 participants, 10,435 males and 9435 females, were collected using stratified multistage cluster random sampling. The survey team divided Saudi Arabia into five regions (northern, eastern, western, southern, and middle). To represent each respective region, a large city, two random towns (peri -urban), and four random rural areas were selected for surveying. Lastly, the sampling technique was applied by choosing random schools and random classes within the selected schools. Dental caries were assessed using the dmft/DMFT score, CI, and the top 30% and 10% of the sample dmft/DMFT scores (SiC30 and SiC10, respectively). The overall prevalence of caries was 65.6%, with 72.1 occurring in primary teeth and 61.7% in permanent teeth. The percentages of individuals with missing teeth and filled teeth were 9.0% and 20.5%, respectively. The mean dmft was 3.93 ± 3.60, while the mean DMFT was 2.42 ± 2.52; most of the DMFT components were significantly higher in females than males, while the dmft components were higher in males. The northern region had the highest and worst DMFT/dmft ratios of the five regions. The mean SiC30 and SiC10 values were significantly higher than the overall average DMFT/dmft values (P < 0.001). Dental caries remain a public health challenge among school children in Saudi Arabia. The SiC and CI analysis indicated that caries management had a high overall efficacy, but that certain groups of the population may need targeted management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of environmental regulation on haze pollution is a hot issue of scholar's attention. However, different types of environmental regulations have different effects on haze pollution. Based on PM2.5 annual mean data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2016, combined with the threshold effect model to test the nonlinear impact of different types of environmental regulations on haze pollution. The results show the haze pollution in China is still serious, and there are significant regional differences in the distribution of haze pollution. The heavily polluted areas are mainly concentrated in economically developed eastern regions such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, while haze pollution in the central and western regions is relative light. The threshold effect of formal and informal environmental regulations on haze pollution has significant regional differences. Further, industrial structure and technological level will suppress haze pollution, while structure of energy consumption and openness will promote haze pollution. At last, according to the situation of different regions, we put forward different environmental regulation policies for provinces and cities to control the haze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater pollution of the watershed is mainly influenced by the multifaceted interactions of natural and anthropogenic process. To analyse the spatial–temporal variation and pollution source identification and apportionment, the dataset was subjected to a globally acknowledged coherent technique using water quality indices and chemometric techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The bulk of the samples tested were below the BIS's permissible levels. Groundwater samples from the pre- and post-monsoon seasons mostly contained the anions HCO−3 > Cl− > SO2−4 > NO−3, while the primary cations were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. Groundwater was alkaline and hard at most of the sites. According to hydro-geochemical facies and relationships, Piper diagrams, and principal component analysis, weathering, dissolution, leaching, ion exchange, and evaporation were the key mechanisms influencing groundwater quality. The hydrochemical facies classified the groundwater samples into the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. For all the sampling locations, PIG was determined to be 0.43, 0.52, 0.47, 0.48, 1.00, and 0.70; respectively. The majority of the test locations fell into the low to medium contamination zone, as determined by the groundwater pollution index (PIG) and contamination index. Three principal components, which together account for 93.8% of the total variance, were identified via PCA. The study's findings confirm the value of these statistical techniques in interpreting and understanding large datasets and offering reliable information to reduce the time and expense of programmes for monitoring and evaluating water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), regional heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes is increasingly recognized, with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) potentially being a common shared feature. We sought to determine the regional differences in clinical characteristics and prevalence of CMD in HFpEF. Methods and results: We analysed clinical characteristics and CMD in 202 patients with stable HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%) in Finland, Singapore, Sweden, and United States in the multicentre PROMIS‐HFpEF study. Patients with unrevascularized macrovascular coronary artery disease were excluded. CMD was assessed using Doppler echocardiography and defined as coronary flow reserve (adenosine‐induced vs. resting flow) < 2.5. Patients from Singapore had the lowest body mass index yet highest prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes; patients from Finland and Sweden were oldest, with the most atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and high smoking rates; and those from United States were youngest and most obese. The prevalence of CMD was 88% in Finland, 80% in Singapore, 77% in Sweden, and 59% in the United States; however, non‐significant after adjustment for age, sex, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, smoking, left atrial reservoir strain, and atrial fibrillation. Associations between CMD and clinical characteristics did not differ based on region (interaction analysis). Conclusions: Despite regional differences in clinical characteristics, CMD was present in the majority of patients with HFpEF across different regions of the world with the lowest prevalence in the United States. This difference was explained by differences in patient characteristics. CMD could be a common therapeutic target across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to draw attention to the need of implementing one of the factors of equitable development, that is to remove barriers of social exclusion faced by people with disabilities and provide them with access to high standard education. Design/methodology/approach: The study used quantitative statistical methods (cointegration, dynamics measures, linear dependence) to determine changes and dependencies in the population, and in the education system in Poland. Findings: The results of the study showed that the convergent dynamics of change (population) cannot be confirmed by a long-term interrelation. However, the year-by-year increasing number of institutions confirms the high dependence on special institutions in the regions, indicating two most advanced regions in special education in Poland. Research limitations/implications: The research conducted in the article was based on general data on the number of children and facilities providing education with special educational needs. Further exploration is required to learn about the special needs of students resulting from their degree of disability in particular areas of the country, in order to direct regional development towards fully equitable development. Practical implications: Recognising the local educational needs of children, especially those requiring greater personal educational involvement, is a source of knowledge for entrepreneurs. In a region of increased activity by people with disabilities, there is a greater demand for investments aimed at improving the qualifications of special education experts and entrepreneurs providing specialized equipment for learning and rehabilitation. Such activities have a real impact on improving the economic situation of the region. Originality/value: The paper refers to the increased government involvement in the field of inclusive education and general trends in adapting or creating places "friendly to people with disabilities". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in order to analyze the background of companies leaving Daejeon, we investigated the sensitivity of local conditions that affect companies' business activities rather than locational advantages. Areas, where innovation value spreads, require explanatory power beyond cost, and innovative companies need a location with abundant knowledge, technology, and market accessibility. Therefore, companies learn through systematic interactions and policy proposals that increase embeddedness in a specific region, and regional identity and regional economic systems are incorporated into the company's strategic plans. However, in the case of IT companies, the concentration and dispersion of business activities are not limited by geographical boundaries. Companies can also create core-peripheral relationships between regions by forming business activities that cross regional boundaries. For example, the company still utilizes Daejeon's resources and has taken strategic action to move branches, factories, research institutes, and sales offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note presents a new perspective on the rural mortality penalty in the United States. While previous work has documented a growing rural mortality penalty, there has been a lack of attention to heterogeneity in trends at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity. We use age-adjusted mortality rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the rural mortality penalty by region, race, and ethnicity for 1999-2016 (N = 44,792,050 deaths) and stratify by 2006 National Center for Health Statistics metropolitan-nonmetropolitan classifications. We find substantial variation at the intersection of region, race, and ethnicity, revealing heterogeneity in the rural penalty and--in some cases--a rural mortality advantage. For the Black/African American population, the rural mortality penalty is observed only in the South. On the other hand, for Hispanic/Latino populations, a small but persistent rural mortality penalty is present only in the South and the West. There is a rural mortality penalty in allregions for White and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. However, for the latter, there is substantial variation in the magnitude of the penalty by region of residence. This research documents heterogeneous patterns when the rural mortality penalty is analyzed by region, race, and ethnicity in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Despite limited analgesic benefits, long-term opioid therapy (L-TOT) is common among older adults with chronic pain. Extended opioid use poses a threat to older adults as aging metabolisms retain opioids for longer, increasing the risk of injury, overdose, and other negative health outcomes. In contrast to predictors of general opioid use, predictors of L-TOT in older adults are not well documented. We aimed to identify such predictors using all available data on self-reported opioid use in the Health and Retirement Study. Research Design and Methods Using 5 waves of data, respondents (N = 10,713) aged 51 and older were identified as reporting no opioid use (n = 8,621), a single wave of use (n = 1,410), or multiple waves of use (n = 682). We conducted a multinomial logistic regression to predict both single- and multiwave opioid use relative to no use. Demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, health, and health care–related factors were included in our model. Results Multivariable findings show that, relative to nonusers, both single- and multiwave users were significantly more likely to be younger (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.33; RRR = 2.88); report lower household wealth (RRR = 1.47; RRR = 2.88); live in the U.S. Midwest (RRR = 1.29; RRR = 1.56), South (RRR = 1.34; RRR = 1.58), or West (RRR = 1.46; RRR = 2.34); experience interfering pain (RRR = 1.59; RRR = 3.39), back pain (RRR = 1.35; RRR = 1.53), or arthritic pain (RRR = 1.46; RRR = 2.32); and see the doctor frequently (RRR = 1.50; RRR = 2.02). Multiwave users were less likely to be Black (RRR = 0.69) or Hispanic (RRR = 0.45), and less likely to be never married (RRR = 0.52). Discussion and Implications We identified demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and health care-related predictors of chronic multiyear opioid use. Our focus on individuals taking opioids for this extended duration is novel. Differences in opioid use by geographic region and frequency of doctor visits particularly warrant attention from policy-makers and researchers. We make additional recommendations based on a sensitivity analysis limited to 2016–2020 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the history of Ukrainian costume development in accordance with different regions of Ukraine, namely: the Middle Dnieper, Podillya, Polissya and Volyn, Slobozhanshchyna and Poltava regions, Carpathians, South. Particular attention is paid to the artistic features of the Ukrainian costume. The aesthetic properties and features of clothing decoration are investigated. The regional complexes of the Ukrainian traditional dress are analyzed. Characterized features of cutting and sewing of men's and women's clothing. The author presented not only general information about the costumes of various historical epochs, its various components at each stage of its development, but also characterized the breastplate, satin, outerwear, hats, hairstyles, ornaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine, launched on February 24, 2022, has demonstrated Moscow's approach to the Black Sea region. Contrary to the provisions of the law on the law, the Russian Federation blocked the freedom of navigation in the inland Sea of Azov and the principle of enforcing the right to act harmlessly in Ukrainian territorial waters off the coast of Crimea. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Black Sea region has become a place of intensive trade and transit and the transfer of energy resources from the Caspian Sea area and Central Asia to Europe. The events in Georgia in 2008 and the recent developments in Ukraine show that the Russian Federation is trying to rebuild its former influence and take control of the region. This article aims to diagnoze the security of the Black Sea Region in the context of the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war (2022). The article discusses the historical security context of the Black Sea Region, the main threats to the security of the region in the context of the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war (2022) and, forecasts for the formation of the security of the Black Sea Region after the end of hostilities. Scientific research conducted that the Battle of the Black Sea may become the cause of a clash in the Russian-Ukrainian war, which will affect not only Ukrainebut also members of the people around the world, as well as Russia's blockade of the Black Sea communication routes. The research methods used are literature analysis and criticism, historical methods, comparison, and generalization. Scientific studies have shown that the Battle of the Black Sea could become a key clash in the Russo-Ukrainian war that will affect not only Ukraine but also members of the nation around the world and lead to the Russian blockade of the Black Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: PrEP was approved for HIV prevention in the US in 2012; uptake has been slow. We describe relative equity with the PrEP Equity Ratio (PER), a ratio of PrEP-to-Need Ratios (PnRs). Methods: We used commercial pharmacy data to enumerate PrEP users by race and ethnicity, sex, and US Census region from 2012 to 2021. We report annual race and ethnicity-, sex-, and region-specific rates of PrEP use and PnR, a metric of PrEP equity, to assess trends. Findings: PrEP use increased for Black, Hispanic and White Americans from 2012 to 2021. By 2021, the rate of PrEP use per population was similar in Black and White populations but slightly lower among Hispanic populations. PnR increased from 2012 to 2021 for all races and ethnicities and regions; levels of PrEP use were inconsistent across regions and highly inequitable by race, ethnicity, and sex. In all regions, PnR was highest for White and lowest for Black people. Inequity in PrEP use by race and ethnicity, as measured by the PER, grew early after availability of PrEP and persisted at a level substantially below equitable PrEP use. Interpretation: From 2012 to 2021, PrEP use increased among Americans, but PrEP equity for Black and Hispanic Americans decreased. The US South lagged all regions in equitable PrEP use. Improved equity in PrEP use will be not only just, but also impactful on the US HIV epidemic; persons most at-risk of acquiring HIV should have the highest levels of access to PrEP. Prevention programs should be guided by PrEP equity, not PrEP equality. Funding: National Institutes of Health, Gilead Sciences.

La Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños se estableció como resultado de una mejor correlación de fuerzas, que condicionó el establecimiento de mecanismos de concertación política defensores del desarrollo endógeno de la región. A poco más de una década de existencia, la CELAC ha tenido resultados en materia de promoción del diálogo político de alto nivel y de la cooperación en sectores específicos, al tiempo que ha enfrentado retos que han limitado la capacidad de articulación política de sus miembros. El presente artículo realiza un breve acercamiento a los principales hitos en el devenir de la Comunidad y examina especialmente la contribución de la Presidencia Pro Tempore mexicana a la revitalización de la CELAC.

The authors of this article have conducted scoping review (ScR) of scientific publications on the balanced development of the region. The ScR method included a search for literature on the topic under study, a demarcation of the category under study, a study of the genesis of definitions of the balanced development of the region, a generalization of the methods used, a search for gaps in ongoing research and a formation of the author's principles of the balanced development of the region. Also the authors have borrowed the approaches and methods of other researchers, they have applied the monographic method and content analysis, which made it possible to propose the author's concept of the balanced development of the region. The study of the content of the selected publications led to the conclusion that the theoretical and applied aspects of the balanced development of the region as a complex socio-economic system remain insufficiently studied and partially controversial. These aspects also overlap with other economic definitions. The comparative analysis of research undertaken by Russian and foreign scientists has shown the lack of generally accepted universal approaches, tools and mechanisms used to solve regional problems of the balanced development in the new unstable economic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to review and search for new, alternative conceptual and methodological approaches to ensure the balanced development of the region. The conducted review will contribute to a better interpretation of the term “balance”, the expansion of the conceptual-categorical apparatus and the growth of interest of the researchers to the topic under study. Although it is an overview, the bibliographic sources were chosen not subjectively by searching the library catalogs, but by using the ScR method (overview of the subject field). The study made it possible to systematize specific and general principles of the balanced development of the region in the conditions of turbulence of the external environment. At the same time the research made it possible to clarify certain conceptual provisions of the balanced regional development (the multivariability and dynamism of the processes in the region, the need to quickly respond and maintain balance under the influence of the external environment, the need for compromise interaction between all participants in economic processes, the respect for the interests of the territory and the country as a whole, the compliance of the region’s capabilities to its resource potential, the spatial integrity of the region). An assessment of the balanced development of regions is necessary to ensure the successful implementation of projects related to the development of regions. It allows you to make rational decisions related to the expenditure of budget funds and to formulate a development strategy to minimize the risk.

The spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation aims for a balanced and sustainable development of the country focused on accelerating the pace of economic and technological development. The Government of the Russian Federation is implementing accelerated sectoral import substitution measures. However, the unprecedented sanctions pressure and the growing threat of secondary sanctions in 2022–2023 rise questions about the risks of regional recessions towards an autarkic model of economy rather than a globalist one. The purpose of the study is to assess the retrospective dynamics of regional import dependence, evaluate the trend and risks of the formation of an autarkic model of economy in the Russian regions. The study was conducted on the basis of panel data for the country as a whole and the Russian regions for the period 2013–2021. To estimate the import dependence of the regional economy, the share of import in GRP, measured in US dollars at the end of the corresponding year, is used, which is adequate to the modern realities of dominance of transport, machinery, equipment and products, necessary for industry specialization, in the structure of import. The results of the study show that after the first wave of sanctions in 2014, the trend of replacing the German direction of supplies with machinery from China began to develop. Even with growing geopolitical risks, regions were in no hurry to curtail international trade. Moreover, regions with high shares of import tend to have highly developed industries. Even with the increasing import dependence in the period under review, many of them managed to successfully cope with the sanctions challenge and showed the growth of industrial production in the region above the Russian average. These circumstances, in our view, indicate support for the “open model” of the economy, which is firmly rooted in the economy of the Russian regions and should be supported by domestic investment in the projects of technological sovereignty, development of human capital in order to create competitive export-oriented products using domestic equipment. This would reduce import dependence through export-oriented import substitution. Further research could study problems caused by the import of services and the accessibility of qualified services for the activities of regional economic entities.

Integration processes in science, education and production are driven by the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, the introduction of innovative scientific developments into mass production and the informatisation of the economy. The development of knowledge-intensive industries places new demands on the training and retraining of innovation-sensitive personnel, as well as on science, education and the economy as a whole, which are currently unable to develop effectively independently and adapt to changes in technology and engineering. The purpose of the article is to find promising areas for the development of education and science based on their integration with business entities not only within the limited space of regions, but also on the basis of spatial integration of territories with a special geographical location. Methodology. The necessary and socially significant conditions for the integration of science, education and business are the achievement of knowledge and skills, goals and values related to the acceleration of the reproduction of innovation potential in society, awareness of the role of science, education and business in solving problems of innovation development, and also their integration interaction in this area. Practical implications. Three main levels of economic systems are allocated: individual, organisation, and region. It has been determined that the degree of influence of innovation processes on them is determined by the presence and condition of three factors necessary for the formation of innovation susceptibility (stabilising, activating and structural). Value/Оriginality. Based on the concepts of the main innovation systems and the necessary conditions for innovative economic growth, the authors have clarified the content of the category "innovation receptivity of the region". The paper also reveals the basic principles of building a model of innovation receptivity and determines the degree of interdependence and interdependence between its constituent elements based on a systematic approach.

The main purpose of the article is to propose a theoretical and methodological approach to the assessment of the innovative-investment potential of a region for the implementation of public-private partnerships. The object of study is the innovative-investment potential of a particular region. To achieve the set goal, the scientific task is posed in the form of developing and implementing an approach to assess the level of innovative-investment potential in the region in order to identify prospects for the implementation of public-private partnerships. The research methodology involves the application of various methods, the key among which is the method of taxonomic analysis. The key components of innovative-investment potential and the indicators for which the assessment was conducted have been identified. Special attention is given to economic-financial indicators. The work of the taxonomic approach in the context of our research is described. The key indicators of assessment of innovative-investment potential for each city in the selected region have been calculated. Standardized values for each calculation result have been determined. A ranking of all cities according to their potential level was carried out, and it was determined which of them has the greatest security potential for the implementation of public-private partnerships. As a result, the obtained data showed the practical value of the proposed assessment method. The research has limitations in the form of taking into account the specifics and information of only one region of the country. Prospects for further research include expanding the regional aspect in conducting assessments.

The basis of this study was the analysis of the human capital reproductive processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering the gender component. The object was the human capital of Kazakhstan’s regions, and the subject was the gender aspect of human capital development. Mincer’s supplemented human capital assessment model was the primary model for calculating human capital. Factors influencing the effective use of human capital in the regions, considering the gender component, were identified, and their indices were calculated. The analysis showed a persistent gender gap in life expectancy, education level, income, and labour market. Based on the results, leader and outsider regions in terms of the accumulated human capital level were identified. The analysis indicates the responsible attitude of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan towards developing gender equality. Over the past ten years, Kazakhstan has advanced significantly in its efforts to empower women in the socio-political sphere. The Republic of Kazakhstan has assumed obligations under several international agreements, adopted many laws, and developed government measures critical for increasing women’s participation in government activities.

Climate change has generated alterations in hydrometeorological variables behavior, accentuating extreme events, especially those related to precipitation, which is a key phenomenon in the design and planning of territorial hydraulic structures. This research shows the rainfall regionalization in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, through the application of Cluster and Andrews Curve and validation of L-moments, as input for a hydroclimatological characterization that can feed hydrological methods or models in the region, resulting in 8 homogeneous areas of maximum annual precipitation.

The article proposes models for assessing the level of socioeconomic development and economic security of regions, on the basis of a synthesis of the proxy variable technique and cluster analysis, which allow to assess changes in interregional differentiation, spatial economic transformations, identify «pivotal» regions, assess the level of economic security of regions under conditions of limited data. The system of proxy-variables of socioeconomic development of regions is substantiated; classifications of regions by the level of socioeconomic development on the basis of methods of hierarchical, agglomerative and iterative cluster analysis have been developed; a dynamic analysis of the structure of clusters is carried out; changes in the characteristics of the distribution of proxy-variables are analyzed; an assessment of interregional differentiation and asymmetry of development is carried out. The results of the carried out cluster analysis based on proxy variables helped to conclude that recent years have led to significant transformations of the economic space in the regional aspect. In the cluster of «pivotal» regions, there is a strengthening of the positions of Dnipropetrovsk and Lviv regions, convergence with regions with an average level of development – Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odesa regions. The most critical situation is typical for Luhansk, Donetsk, and Kherson regions. Donetsk region has moved from a cluster of regions with an average level of development to a cluster of regions with crisis development. The relocation of enterprises and smoothing out the asymmetry in the variable of «Growth of legal entities» currently affects the indicators of budget security of the regions to a lesser extent. Kharkiv region, despite the deterioration of the socioeconomic situation, maintains its position in the cluster of «pivotal» regions. The obtained results can be used in the system of anticipative management of regional development to adapt regional strategies to new realities.

Escritos y textos de planeamiento regional y documentos oficiales sobre el ordenamiento territorial indican diferencias conceptuales entre el primer planeamiento regional emergente en Argentina, a mediados de los años cuarenta, y la teoría de los polos de desarrollo, que ingresa al país a principios de los años sesenta. El estudio de sus diferencias implica analizar, al menos en términos teóricos, primero, el sentido y los objetivos de cada una de estas concepciones del planeamiento; y, segundo, como consecuencia de lo anterior, la transformación del concepto de región aplicado en cada una de ellas. La interpretación de las nociones o conceptos relacionados se realiza desde distintos planos que permiten conformar una totalidad ampliada y articulada. Al vincular conceptos, transformaciones disciplinares y políticas públicas se avanza en el análisis sobre distintos momentos de la producción teórica del planeamiento de regiones, a fin de comprender su dinámica.

Introduction. The current state of economic development is due to a long period of spatial infrastructure formation, which is the basis for the formation of a state policy actual concept in its priority areas. The socio-economic strategy of the Russian Federation is currently, for objective reasons, associated with the implementation of the import substitution program. The issue of creating a concept for the formation of technological sovereignty as the main driver of the development of the regional, sectoral economy and the economy of the country as a whole is outlined in the current agenda. Theoretical analysis. The unprecedented economic sanctions imposed against Russia were aimed at weakening Russia’s role on a global scale. The response was the announcement of an immediate course of state policy aimed at intensifying the technical and technological development of the country. Since 2005, the Russian Federation has formed not only import substitution mechanisms, but also created its own innovative infrastructure for the implementation of the spatial economic development strategy. Empirical analysis. Research in the field of the technological sovereignty concept formation has allowed us to formulate a number of global problems and challenges to be solved. The basis of the conceptual presentation were the strategic directions of scientific and technological development formulated by the President of Russia for the period up to 2030. The revitalization of the domestic system is the starting point for building internal potential and establishing stable foreign economic relations. Results. Having considered the existing forms and mechanisms of economic space formation, it became possible to identify the main sites on the basis of which priority strategic directions of development will be implemented. The key tasks in achieving technological sovereignty are to change the system of personnel training, the formation of technological and scientific potentials, the creation of an ecosystem of interaction of various representatives, the implementation of a cluster approach in industry and the creation of investment attractiveness in the regions. As a regulatory mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty, the formation of approaches to the definition of the concept of “technoeconomics” as a new sector in the economic space to achieve the fundamental stability of the Russian economy is proposed.

Purpose: to develop and substantiate a system of regionally adapted indicators reflecting geospatial patterns, relationships and vulnerabilities of the irrigated farming systems functioning, for its sustainable intensification. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the principal component method, rating and scoring methods, cluster analysis, proportional costs method, and estimation scales. The database for calculations was formed on the basis of data from federal and regional institutions of the Russian Federation, the portal of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Water Supply Systems “Raduga”, enterprises and administrations of municipal districts of Western Siberia. Results. A system of regionally adapted geospatial indicators for sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture, which includes two blocks: structural-functional and geoecological, has been developed. The principles for selecting indicators adapted to the regional scale and tested at the macro-regional, landscape-provincial, basin and district territorial levels of Western Siberia are substantiated. The structural-functional block includes 45 indicators reflecting both the main driving forces, factors and vulnerabilities of the irrigated farming systems functioning, as well as the processes of their cause-and-effect relationships with higher-order systems, which contributes to the study of regularities of spatio-temporal differentiation and identifying areas of interest. The geoecological block combines 40 indicators that help assessing and planning the development of irrigated agriculture, taking into account the geoecological limitations. Conclusions: the proposed system of regionally adapted indicators is an effective tool strategic decision support for the implementation of regional policies of sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture.

This article is devoted to the study of the effective development of Russian regions at a difficult stage of countering sanctions and their balanced development. The purpose of the study is to assess the real state of the Russian regions in five main areas in difficult conditions of re-equipment and reconfiguration of all economic and other processes for import substitution. To develop measures to stimulate the development of Russian regions in five sectors of the economy, a methodology for assessing diagnostics and comparing five sectors of the economy was used. The main indicators reflecting the level of development of Russian regions in various production areas based on their dynamics are determined. The factors that have a positive and negative impact on the effective development of Russian regions in recent years have been identified. The conducted research allowed us to formulate a general conclusion about the need to support industrial production at the state level for the effective development of such production.

Migration, which is a consequence of the uneven socio-economic development, poverty, and environmental problems of various regions, on the one hand, has significant potential and can help improve economic and social conditions, and on the other hand, it becomes a generator of socioeconomic and other risks, influencing the strengthening inequalities. The purpose of the article is to identify the main forms of socio-economic risks of internal migration of the population of Kazakhstan and assess their impact on the socio-territorial stability of the regional society. To assess the socioeconomic factors affecting the dynamics of internal migration population flows, a systematic approach was applied, and methods of component analysis of the regional standard of living, sampling and grouping of quantitative and qualitative indicators were used. The main directions of the impact of socio-economic risks of migration on the socio-territorial mobility of the population are substantiated. The main forms of socio-economic risks of internal migration of the Kazakhstan population are determined. It is substantiated that the closest relationship exists between the level and quality of life systems and the increase in migration flows. The study concluded that migration is a complex process, which is influenced by the changing socio-economic conditions for the economy and society development and affects the standard of living and lifestyle of the population. This necessitates not only the regulation of migration processes in the country but also the development of mechanisms to reduce the socio-economic risks of migration and their impact on life support systems and livelihoods.

The purpose of this article is to explore the cross-border processes of neighbouring countries based on the interaction and mutual influence of the economies of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and to identify new opportunities in the development of border areas. Scientific research has been studied and a review of literary sources reflecting not only the processes of interaction between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the field of economics, politics, economic security, education and the formation of infrastructure projects has been conducted. Research and compare the economic development of the two countries, show the economic and resource potential and give a comparative description of the development of border areas. The research methodology was aimed at a comprehensive analysis of cooperation priorities based on a survey of the main documents on cross-border cooperation of international organizations, including a database on measuring and monitoring the effectiveness of corridors; conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of data from the Bureau of Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Economic Reform of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international rating agencies; assessing the distribution of regions of Kazakhstan in terms of per capita GRP; development and calculation of the coefficient of uneven economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan; conducting a rating of regions of Uzbekistan in terms of GRP per capita

The purpose is to study the mechanisms of improving the managerial efficiency of rural akims in Kazakhstan in the example of the Aktobe region. The ongoing reforms on the introduction of the institute of elections of rural akims, the decentralization of powers and the expansion of the competence of rural akims, and the introduction of independent rural budgets will strengthen the lower level of the executive branch of government. The effectiveness of the activity of akims is determined by the characteristics of the success of the professional activity of civil servants in terms of the degree of achievement of the planned result and the desired social effect, as well as the ratio of the results achieved with the resources spent on its implementation. The methods of observation, surveys, focus groups, analysis, systematization and generalization were used. In determining the effectiveness of the activities of akims by teaching methods - facilitation and brainstorming, a number of problems and ways to solve them have been identified. Materials on akims in the Department of Economy and Budget Planning and the Department of the Agency of Kazakhstan for Civil Service Affairs were also received. As the results of the study, the problematic issues identified during the training courses, seminars of rural akims of the Aktobe regional branch, and solutions identified by various active teaching methods are presented. Рossible solutions to the problematic issues identified during the survey and training are proposed. Research will be reflected in the scientific works of the doctoral student.

The economic, technological, social, and political development of Russia is affected by unfavorable external circumstances. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the external environment uncertainty, assess its impact on the economic systems of the Russian regions, and to propose a mechanism of adaptation to future recessionary phenomena. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, economic analysis; a systematic approach. The authors present the results of comparative analysis of Russian regions’ development indicators in 2019–2021 and 2022. It is determined that the speed and effectiveness of overcoming uncertainty factors depends on the adaptive abilities of Russian regions and the speed of decision-making. The key directions of state policy measures to maintain the stability of the economic systems of the regions are substantiated.