Search

Software applications may have different degrees of complexity depending on the problems they try to solve and can integrate very complex elements that bring together functionality that sometimes are competing or conflicting. We can take for example a mobile communications system. Functionalities of such a system are difficult to understand, and they add to the non-functional requirements such as the use in practice, performance, cost, durability and security. The transition from local computer networks to cover large networks that allow millions of machines around the world at speeds exceeding one gigabit per second allowed universal access to data and design of applications that require simultaneous use of computing power of several interconnected systems. The result of these technologies has enabled the evolution from centralized to distributed systems that connect a large number of computers. To enable the exploitation of the advantages of distributed systems one had developed software and communications tools that have enabled the implementation of distributed processing of complex solutions. The objective of this document is to present all the hardware, software and communication tools, closely related to the possibility of their application in integrated social and economic level as a result of globalization and the evolution of e-society. These objectives and national priorities are based on current needs and realities of Romanian society, while being consistent with the requirements of Romania's European orientation towards the knowledge society, strengthening the information society, the target goal representing the accomplishment of e-Romania, with its strategic e-government component. Achieving this objective repositions Romania and gives an advantage for sustainable growth, positive international image, rapid convergence in Europe, inclusion and strengthening areas of high competence, in line with Europe 2020, launched by the European Council in June 2010.

The appearance in the 60s - 70s of information technologies has helped to automate the processing of large amounts of data in the productive companies having a positive impact on management. The appearance of the Internet in the 90s has eliminated from the companies’ business model the restrictions of geographical order. E-business solutions include a variety of applications that allow these companies to operate more time online. Fierce competition and especially the implementation of new information technologies and communication have made these companies to reinvent systems and new processes.

Access networks plays an essential role in some sectors of the economy. Its speed basically defines the utility of the system. In Hungary, in 2009 the average guaranteed download speed was just 1 Mbit/s, and a little more than the tenth part of subscribers had 4 Mbit/s or more data rate. For satisfaction the claims of today and immediate future needs broadband – capacity of at least 50 Mbit/s – infrastructure. To build of such infrastructure in those regions, which less attractive commercially for service providers, state intervention is necessary. The country and EU provide financial sources but is not enough to the necessary developments. Many ICT infrastructure developments has happened on many settlements in Hungary, but not always on the most suitable places. My aim is to rank regions based on the ICT development of them, because it is worthy to focus time and resources, where these will be return as quickly as possible. In my opinion the target of the developments would be worthy to select on the basis of usefulness. Complex regional indicator is necessary to this objective which can be applied on settlements level and on the basis of it these can be ranked. It is important to have regard to such social-economic factors which really correlate with existence of broadband networks. In this article I present the Hungarian regions situation in broadband network respect, and the methodological basis of to construction of a regional network indicator. I sketch scope of possible earmarkable elements – which are accessible statistical indicators in connection with broadband networks – and applicable model for it.

Web servers worldwide generate a vast amount of information on web users’ browsing activities. Several researchers have studied these so-called clickstream or web access log data to better understand and characterize web users. Clickstream data can be enriched with information about the content of visited pages and the origin (e.g., geographic, organizational) of the requests. The goal of this project is to analyse user behaviour by mining enriched web access log data. With the continued growth and proliferation of e-commerce, Web services, and Web-based information systems, the volumes of click stream and user data collected by Web-based organizations in their daily operations has reached astronomical proportions. This information can be exploited in various ways, such as enhancing the effectiveness of websites or developing directed web marketing campaigns. The discovered patterns are usually represented as collections of pages, objects, or re-sources that are frequently accessed by groups of users with common needs or interests. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview how to use frequent pattern techniques for discovering different types of patterns in a Web log database. In this paper we will focus on finding association as a data mining technique to extract potentially useful knowledge from web usage data. I implemented in Java, using NetBeans IDE, a program for identification of pages’ association from sessions. For exemplification, we used the log files from a commercial web site.

Organizational portals are vital parts of knowledge-intensive organizations. They play several critical roles: a) provide a platform for deployment of web-based services; b) envelop distributed internal resources; and c) present a centralized access to resources and services. Portal services often incorporate digitalized organizational business processes. Digitalization enables automation of business processes and facilitates improved management and operating efficiency of organizations. Despite advancements in technology and significant investments, it is commonly observed that web services implementing business processes have low usability. Generally, low usability results from misalignment between natural characteristics of human interactions with services in digital environments and their design and implementation. Human-service interaction analytics expose hidden difficulties and enable effective innovation and management of portal services. We present pertinent managerial implications of analytic findings from a case study of a large-scale organizational portal with a significant number of services. The findings provide actionable knowledge for effective evidence-based management, reengineering and innovation of portal services.

Lately people say more and more about emotional intelligence, about knowledge based economy, about intangible assets and intellectual capital. The permanent improvement of the knowledge supply will be decisive for reaching the success. But only the creation of the networks of knowledge dissemination will not automatically generate the intended results. Organizational change represents one of the most interesting themes concerning organizational behavior analysis, and approaching this topic implies discussing the transformations that are taking place in society, or, specifically, in organizations. Another topic worth treating is the aspect of emotional intelligence, so necessary for individual success, but also for the organizational one.

Az adatrobbanás, vagyis a korábbiakat nagyságrendekkel meghaladó méretű adattömegek, adatbázisok megjelenése a tudományos, a gazdasági és a társadalmi élet számos területén korunk gazdaságtudományi szempontból is figyelemre méltó jelensége. Cikkünkben a dimenziók érzékeltetése után bemutatjuk a jelenség technológiai hátterét, elemezzük fontos gazdasági vonatkozásait, felvázoljuk a körülötte kialakuló, sokféle szereplőből álló adat-ökoszisztémát. Felhívjuk a figyelmet arra, hogy a nagy adatbázisok kezelése és hasznosítása fontos versenyképességi tényezővé vált vállalati és nemzetgazdasági szinten egyaránt, a "nemzeti adatvagyon" fogalmát ezért tágan kell értelmezni, és ki kell dolgozni az azzal kapcsolatos stratégiákat és politikákat. A fejlődés nem mentes a kockázatoktól és a dilemmáktól - a cikk végén ezekről is képet adunk. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: A12, B40, C02, D83, L26, L52, L86, M15, O31, The data explosion, or the appearance in many scientific, economic and social fields of blocs of data and databases greater than hitherto by several orders of magnitude, is a phenomenon well worth examining in terms of economic science. The article, having given an idea of the dimensions, presents the technological background to the phenomenon, analyses important economic features of it, and depicts the multiple-role data-ecosystem that grows up around it. Attention is drawn to the fact that the handling and utilization of large databases has become a factor in competitiveness on the company and the national economic levels alike. So the concept of national data stock" has to be interpreted broadly and related strategies and policies devised. This development is not free of risks or dilemmas, and these are outlined in conclusion.

As software applications become more and more complicated, it is essential to capture the requirements, model the system design in different phases, and communicate frequently among end users, business analysts and developers. Relational database management systems (RDBMS) are the dominant database technology and play an important role in enterprise software applications. We used MS Access to develop an application which underlines the finite products flux beginning with the execution stage to the sale stage.

Like many other modern information technologies, intelligent agents and multiagent systems are used successfully in many economic areas as electronic commerce, marketing or company management. But, technology intelligent agents, multiagent systems by default, can be successfully applied in finance and accounting, benefits being important. Thus far it appears that there is scope for application of this technology, with the aim of improving the accounting activities. In addition, based on fundamental characteristics of agents and multiagent systems, it should be described cases in which agent technology paradigm can be used to bring more competitive field. In other words, the agent technology has to offer in addition to other information technologies work and how an organization can be improved by adopting in practice. Thus, this paper aims to achieve insight into the specific field of intelligent systems research and present the main opportunities and benefits that they can create their adoption in practice.

Although the e-mail is considered to be a fundamental element of organizations' communications layout, most researches had focused on the "positive" aspects of using e-mail, which is more likely to imply better proficiency and efficiency. However, this "positive" point of view has led most researchers to ignore negative aspects associated with using e-mails at work. This paper focuses on e-mail related activities in the workplace, in particular emails that are sent during work hours, and demonstrates the great extent of waste involved in their daily use, not just for private purposes, but also for purposes of work. The research field is combined HR and ICT, and the rational for this thesis was examined focusing on large service organizations.

The expansion of social networks begins to put their stamp of increasingly powerful over all economic activities. Traditional client translates himself into center of social networks and thus becomes a social client, resulting in chain reactions; marketing campaigns taking place in its environment, called generic viral campaigns are ones that wake them interest against traditional. Social CRM is not just promotion and useful information about brands and products, it means establishing a relationship between client and organization with viral marketing and social networks implicitly.

There are already a few years since we heard about Web 2.0. There was a real frenzy around this new concept. In short time new terms have emerged related to Web 2.0 like Government 2.0, Research 2.0, e-Science 2.0 and Project Management 2.0. This paper aims to focus on the challenges of project management under Web 2.0, especially research projects. What is the awareness of project teams in using Web 2.0 tools? What is the confidence on information gathered with Web 2.0 tools? How will the team results and productivity be affected? These are few questions that undertake to find some hypothesis for next article with focus on Romanian research projects. The analysis needs and the paper conclusions will be based on interpretation of existing statistics and data gathering on the web.

Public health policies continue to play important roles in national and international health reforms. However, the influence and legacies of the public health eras during which such policies are formulated remain largely underappreciated. The limited appreciation of this relationship may hinder consistent adoption of public health policies by nation-states, and encumber disinvestment from ineffective or anachronistic policies. This article reviews seven public health eras and highlights how each era has influenced international policy formulation for leprosy control—“the fertile soil for policy learning”. The author reiterates the role of health leadership and health activism in facilitating consistency in international health policy formulation and implementation for leprosy control.

Clouding is a providing service by the biggest software providers from the whole world and is about reducing governmental costs and also those from small and medium companies. Besides reducing costs, this software service offers comfort, independence, reliability and durability. There are several types of such services depending on whom it is addressed or what type of services you need.

This paper examines the level of IT usage by companies in the Albanian commercial centers. The paper provides an discussion of the relevant literature on the importance of adapting information technology (IT) by entrepreneurships in a given country. Specific application to some specific businesses are provided. The paper examines large firms because of their increasing presence in the economy, their vital role in rural development and their importance to the country's economic, social and general welfare. The paper identifies the main reasons for entrepreneurships use of IT. The paper identifies an important issue considering growth trends of the domestic market and relationships with other non-Albanian companies, that have already applied IT solutions. The paper identifies efficiency and effectiveness levels of Albanian companies and the impact of customer demands for service quality.

Mobile devices and applications are becoming increasingly present in everyday life and they represent an important success factor in business. Through this work we aim to provide end users a significant increase in the level of contextual information using the Android platform for mobile appli- cation development. The idea of the ""Where?"" application is based on a collaborative architecture involving actors from the business (pharmacies, banks, restaurants, hospitals, etc.) and the end users as primary beneficiaries of the system. In essence, the user needs a service that will be able to locate the best deal to suit its contextual and temporal and spatial availability of the service provider. The proposed new architecture and the application have the possibility to integrate into a single system the local customer needs and business opportunities, directing the beneficiary to the most appropriate lo- cation, taking into account the custom criteria.

The goal of this research is to identify determinants of internet Corporate Social Responsibility communication of 41 Belgian companies. Using a content analysis and scoring technique, this paper estimates the degree of website information disclosure of companies' involvement with corporate social responsibility. This score is then regressed via Ordinary Least Square (OLS) on variables presented in the literature as determinants of firm internet communication and led to the formulation of our research hypotheses. The results indicate that the firm size and listed status are positively related to the level of Corporate Social Responsibility communication trough the web. In contrast, profitability age of the firm and sector are not significant.

Today companies are faced with the need to exploit technology changing computer environments, in order to improve customer satisfaction and reduce costs. A successful approach to electronic portals is an effective demonstration of the new ways of relating to the client. The objectives that we have considered for the realization of e-commerce portal can be summarized as follows: structured communication, effective collaboration, complet and closed circuit of orders and deliveries, inventory optimization and planning, effective management of customers and suppliers.Electronic Commerce Portal proposed to be implemented, will allow the introduction of a high level of management and control of online sales, providing cost savings, production planning and most importantly, a perfect operation of the informational circuit. Distributed computer system as a result is fully integrated and flexible to support the company's main trading activities.

In the current context, the society is dominated by the rapid development of computer networks and the integration of services and facilities offered by the Internet environment at the organizational level. The success of an organization depends largely on the quality and quantity of information it has available to develop quickly decisions able to meet the current needs. The need for a collaborative environment within the central administration leads to the unification of resources and instruments around the Center of Government, to increase both the quality and efficiency of decision - making, especially reducing the time spent with decision - making, and upgrading the decision – making act.

In this rapidly changing world, the future intelligence competitions will be for rapid knowledge discovery and delivery. How to manage this knowledge has become an important issue in the past few decades, and the knowledge management (KM) community has developed a wide range of technologies and applications for both academic research and practical applications. As a part of KM research, this paper surveys and classifies KM technologies using the different categories. Some discussion is presented, indicating future development for knowledge management technologies and its applications. Also, the key enabling and emerging KM technologies that will enable future generations of intelligence enterprises are introduced in this paper.

There is a new trend of change in today's IT industry. It's called virtualization. In datacenter virtualization can occur on several levels, but the type of virtualization has created this trend change is the operating system offered or server virtualization. OS virtualization technologies come in two forms. First, there is a software component that is used to simulate a natural machine that has total control of an operating system operating on the host equipment. The second is a hypervisor, a software engine which has total control of machine by eliminating a second operating system.

Developing an information system integration strategy, at enterprise level is one of the most difficult issues that the information systems managers must solve, within the present conditions. When settling the integration strategy, two aspects must mainly be taken into account: assuring a complete integration solution of the information systems and building an integration infrastructure of the applications. The present paper aims at presenting few aspects regarding the integration of the information systems at organizational level and describing a specifically developed IBM architecture.

In the current global economic environment, competition is becoming acute and complex, and rapid technological changes are shortening product lifecycles and the capacity of a company to generate new goods and services, or to improve them and distribute them as quickly as possible to markets. Changes of technological nature have been so rapid lately that one can talk of a new technological revolution - if we take into account the "waves" of technological development which are based on the spectacular progresses in informatics, telecommunications, robotics, fiber optics, fine chemical products and in aerospatial industry.

Today, accounting is a necessity and not a desire. Concerns for the improvement of accounting practices are necessary, especially in Romania, where these activities are strengthened with the progress of the Romanian economy integration into the structures of the European Union. This paper carried an objective analysis of how the web report is now being made by financial and accounting information, presents the disadvantages of this approach to reporting introduced, but the potential benefits that could be created by the rapid adoption of international standards for reporting financial information website, too. At the same time, the paper tries to create new opportunities as soon as possible regarding the adoption of intelligent technologies, which, coupled with language Web reporting financial information.

In today's global economy the use of ICTs technologies is key for achieving growth and competitiveness. Business can use ICT in their relationship with suppliers or customers, to process accounts, to manage the internal processes or to file taxes. Our paper is concerned with studying the use of ICT in Romanian companies in general and especially in Transylvanian SMEs. We conducted a survey among the Transylvanian SMEs with regard to their level of endowment with computers, the number of staff working full-time in IT, the activities that imply computers, the ability to process information, to plan and solve problems using computers.

Many of the organizations that are part of the public and private domain in Romania have reached the stage in which the existing information systems can no longer comply with the requests of users. Therefore, we are compelled by necessity to use integrated information systems which should be able to control all kinds of data and to allow access to them, to ensure the coherence and consistency of the stored information. Managers must be aware of the importance of the implementation of integrated information systems in the background restructuring of the organization, which can thus become consistent and competitive with the European Union one, so the integration process becomes a real and possible one.

Nowadays, the most systems on the Internet are using databases. These databases are relational and normalized. Although the tables of the relational model itself does not have a behaviour in context object, though the diagrams uses different methods. In this article we focus on the database modeling for a virtual store using UML (Unified Modeling Language).

In the actual context of developing digital services, the promotion of a system that manages multiple e-commerce sites can be extremely valuable in increasing the economic effects for the companies. This paper presents the current stage of the experimental system design and implementation, an open system website-based (called Single Way for E-Commerce - SWEC) having the goal to collaborate with many database servers of the companies that offer e-commerce sevices and also to interract with electronic payment and e-administration systems. This new approach allows the clients, after them authentication, to navigate on e-commerce websites and search different products, grouping on domains, companies and geographic areas. SWEC System will offer to the customer the opportunity to visualize and compare similar products, to order and receive a single invoice for all the products he wants to buy.

This article presents some findings of the E-Learning Manager (ELM) Projectregarding the implementation of an Europe-wide certification for learning professionals. Themembers of the project identified three main domains/units in which an e-learning manager shouldpossess skills: pedagogy; technology and management. For each domain there were severalelements identified and rated according to the results obtained after the piloting stage.

The paper aims to present some of the features of IT investments in the banking industry. Theoretical aspects, summarized from the literature come illustrated along with empirical findings from the Romanian banking industry. The present paper aims to provide the main drivers for IT investment in banks as well as the criteria involved when selecting a particular course of action in the associated decision-making process. The study is enriched with examples of software applications acquired by some of the major banks in Romania in the past seven years. The IT investment strategies presented in this paper can be considered proven successful practices of business-IT alignment in the Romanian banking industry

The organization has optimized databases which are used in current operations and also used as a part of decision support. What is the next step? Data Warehouses and Data Mining are indispensable and inseparable parts for modern organization. Organizations will create data warehouses in order for them to be used by business executives to take important decisions. And as data volume is very large, and a simple filtration of data is not enough in taking decisions, Data Mining techniques will be called on. What must an organization do to implement a Data Warehouse and a Data Mining? Is this investment profitable (especially in the conditions of economic crisis)? In the followings we will try to answer these questions.

Agent models yield quick and direct results. Their usefulness derives from the possibility to reveal emergent connections between the system’s components, experience in regards to the system’s knowledge detailed processes and identify possible results outside typical thinking range.

The advances in information technology have seen a radical change in the way that travel agents do business today. There are travel agents that have chosen to ignore the advances in technology; however, in the future, travel agents will have a choice of either using technology to change the way they do business or competing against those who do. At the moment there are still great gaps in terms of technology between countries, which enables fast growing companies such as Tez Tour to fill a niche and gain new market shares due to their technological lead and managerial practices.

In response to the need for rapid automation of processes in business software there is advanced an approach to their prototyping, through which there are integrated the advantages of two major approaches to the building of computer information systems, namely the use of business packages and prototyping. In order to accomplish that goal first there are defined the main concepts and the metamodel of the workflows and is determined the infrastructure for their management. After that there are presented the nature and the main steps of the prototyping method, and on that basis there is defined the content of the suggested approach. Its application is demonstrated by means of the automation of a business process in Microsoft Dynamics CRM. Besides the fast automation of business processes, the proposed approach can also be useful in the transition to new business processes, the acquisition of „the best” practices and the standardization of processes, the training of newly recruited staff and the requalification of personnel.

The technologies supporting future business must be intuitive from a user standpoint, flexible from design standpoint and highly productive. As an answer to many requirements, analysts recommend the inclusion of SOA and ESB in the IT management strategies, since these tend to become mainstream, overcoming their abstract vision status in the last decade. In this paper, we provide a study regarding the attitude of companies from north-western Romania with respect to this transition and the SOA-ESB models. Our analysis targets attributes such as: level of understanding, knowledge and concern in adopting such technologies, the management involvement in the company IT strategy, the added value of the new technologies and risk factors for the migration towards an SOA-ESB architecture.

This paper is based upon a research study to determine the significance of managerial leadership practices in a corporation’s transformation during the period from 2004 to 2008. The study attempted to discover how managerial leadership practices effectively advance horizontal integration of an inclusive and collaborative organization. The study was grounded on propositions involving organizational development roles, IT governance, and collaborative organizations. Triangulated inquiry from peerreviewed documents and a survey of 24 participants who included 2 women and 22 men comprising a chief information officer, 7 functional managers, 8 project managers, and 8 engineers of a corporation in the Northeastern United States confirmed the propositions. The findings indicated that horizontal integration has begun in transition from being separate toward becoming collaborative. This paper will reveal how disparate images that are subculture bound could be enhanced by the Full Spectrum Leadership model involving collaborative and integrative leadership practices.

The growth of communicational technology by means of the Internet has irreversibly emerged in the field of tourism and asimilitated services, too, as interconnectiveness is one of the factors underlying globalization and an essential condition for competitiveness. The Internet is today not only a source of information, but also an environment for information traffic so that, but seems to comprise tourism economic agents, from small inns to large hotel networks or online booking companies that have created the GDS. This article aims at emphasizing the role of GDS, strategies regarding GDS development, the role of the Internet in tourist distribution as well as the premises for developing a new distribution system – the DMS.

The quality issue is not only a matter of developing and implementing a quality system. It mandatory this system to function precisely on a long term basis. The evaluation of quality impact as a consequence of its improvement is a scary thing the quality specialists prefer to be apart due to its complexity. That’s the reason why the article emphasize on: the need and justification of quality impact evaluation, particularities of quality in software domain generated by its specificity, what evaluation of economic effects means in the context of a quality improvement particularly in a software company, a proposed method to calculate the impact of quality (on the costs structure), a practical example of how the method should be used and the results interpreted based on two simulated case.

At a time when the importance of information and technology is obvious in every aspect of business, the need to manage more appropriate the IT risks has never been so important. IT is not just widely present in all organizations but complexly interconnected inside and outside the organization. As organizations’ dependence and interdependence on IT have increased, the consequences of IT risk have increased as well. Technology has increased the amount of data and information being processes and it has significantly impacted the control environment and business itself. IT is now a key component of the business activities in any organization. In the same time IT risk management became a key component of the corporate governance. More and more organizations are aware that an effective and efficient IT risk management is vital to their success and reputation. Securing and operating today’s complex systems is challenging and demanding. The increase of the cybercrime imposes more complex security solutions and higher costs. The present paper presents the authors research results regarding IT risk management underlying the impact of the inadequate IT risk management on the organizations’ activity, the necessity to built a global IT risk solution and manage all the risks, no matter of their nature, in a holistic approach.

The purpose of this study is, investigating the affecting factors of adopting individuals’ internet banking with adding trust and perceived web security variables to Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). For this purpose six hypothesis has developed as part of research model. To collect data survey form has been prepared and has been applied in 8 cities. Useable data has been attained from 413 acquired surveys. Acquired data have been analysed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In accordance with the statistical analyse results; it is determined that perceived ease of use upon perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness upon trust and in addition trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived web security separately upon intention to use have an positive and meaningful effect.

Data Warehouses and Data Mining are indispensable and inseparable parts for modern organization. Organizations will create data warehouses in order for them to be used by business executives to take important decisions. And as data volume is very large, and a simple filtration of data is not enough in taking decisions, Data Mining techniques will be called on. What must an organization do to implement a Data Warehouse and a Data Mining? Is this investment profitable (especially in the conditions of economic crisis)? In the followings we will try to answer these questions.

The strategic states model developed by Pehrsson (1995b, 1996) helps us to describe the strategic development of every company and its current strategic state, together with the future alternatives. Within this model, the company’s environment is reflected by the number of segments taken into consideration on the market. The penetration degree and the adaptation degree of the targeted segment decide the sensibility to the price variations and the possibilities to adapt to the changes within the competition and other environment fluctuations. We have used this model within this article for the mobile telecommunications from Romania, thus creating the premises of some conclusions regarding the specific of this industry. The model is suited for the competition classification, on one hand and, on for identifying the business strategies that the companies follow, the other hand.

EMCS-RO is a tool developed in accordance with EU requirements, which on April 1, 2010 provided electronic transmission of the accompanying administrative document in the states which are members of the communitarian bloc. Access to the EMCS-RO application is given by the National Customs Authority. The EMCS provides the use of ECS (Export Control System) to monitor the output of excise goods within the EU.

Los ejes rectores del Plan Estatal de Desarrollo 2009-2015 tienen como objetivo posicionar a la ciudad de Campeche como destino turístico, mediante programas de apoyo y promoción que repunten este sector para convertirlo en una fuente importante de ingresos y empleo para la entidad. Las pymes turísticas de Campeche, deben afrontar el reto de ser organizaciones globales y diagnosticar su situación actual en el mercado para fijar sus objetivos empresariales de largo plazo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo central identificar la percepción del líder de las pymes respecto al desarrollo e implementación de estrategias como elementos de la administración estratégica, identificada por la teoría, como un factor que contribuye a la ventaja competitiva entre las organizaciones. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo porque se mide o recoge información sobre las variables que participan en el problema sujeto a análisis, con diseño no experimental transversal ya que se recolectaron datos en un solo momento en su contexto natural, mediante entrevistas a los líderes de las pymes. Los resultados señalan el escaso conocimiento de los propietarios respecto a la administración estratégica y los posibles beneficios como herramienta de posicionamiento y permanencia en el mercado.

In the article, the authors have made an attempt to apply the chaos theory in company management process. Basic conceptual categories in this field as well as changing context of the operations of companies in international aspect has been indicated. Theoretical analyses have been enriched with elements of an analysis of PKN ORLEN, international company. It has been assumed that the chaos is a specific conceptual category and a positive phenomenon, desired and ensuring possibilities of flexible and creative operation for contemporary international companies.

Nowadays it is almost impossible not to hear or read about the risks of using computer systems. Top management is becoming more interested in risk management process and their analysis regarding the use of information technologies within their organization. This is due primarily to the Internet boom and high level of dependence of their business to information systems. Risk management is the process that allows IT managers to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures and obtain assets in mission capability by securing the IT systems and data that help their organizations performances. In this paper we present the risk management processes, the main services offered by the Public Key Infrastructure and security risks that may arise in implementing Public Key Infrastructure.

The ambition of this research is to identify the determinants of internet financial communication of small- and medium-sized firms quoted on non-regulated markets in Belgium. First, a scoring was established to determine the intensity with which firms use the internet as a vector of financial communication. To do this, an analysis grid was built on the basis of a review of the literature, highlighting the rules for disclosure of information through the Web. The score was then regressed via ordinary least squares on variables presented in the literature as determiners of the firms’ financial communication. The main results of the findings bring to light three fundamental determiners of this score: membership or not in the information technology sector, the performance of the company and the market on which the company is quoted.

Technology has become more and more global and access to advanced technologies is vital for gaining and maintaining a durable competitive advantage under the conditions of economic globalization. Globalization and opening of large research and development centres by the large companies in areas with a major human potential, in which the operating costs are low, imply an exchange of specialized information with global distribution, access to specific applications and big data traffic generators. In the same time they imply the existence of IT&C infrastructure, as well as the availability of human resources experienced in using the new technologies. Electronic communications have a significant impact over cultural activities as well as on recreative ones, by offering a high accessibility, changing the consumer behaviour as well as offering access to a large number of options.

In order to provide conditions for a more adequate utilization of object-oriented business models in the development of computer information systems, the authors define some guidelines for the transformation of UML business models into UML system models. For that purpose, first there are studied and compared the elements of these two models. Then there is analyzed the interrelation between the UML business model and system architecture, which has the principal role in the transformation of the business model into a system model. There are defined some recommendations for the identification of system actors and scenarios for interaction, for the transformation of business workers, whose responsibilities are subject to total automation, for the registration of business events in the system model. The conducted study creates the conditions for a wider use of the business model in the setting up of computer information systems, and on that basis – for the realization of the gradual transition from the business system to an automated system, and for their parallel development and sophistication.

The Information and Communications Technology (“ICT”) industries have come together as a dynamic ecosystem. Networks, devices, content and applications increasingly rely on each other to innovate and generate new value, providing multiple benefits to the economy.