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The hydro-thermal reaction of SrCO(3) and 2-bromo-benzoic acid in CH(3)OH-H(2)O afforded the Sr(II) title polymeric complex, [Sr(C(7)H(4)BrO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n). Within the coordination sphere, the Sr(II) ion is located on a crystallographic twofold axis, and is coordinated by eight O atoms from two water mol-ecules and four carboxyl-ate groups of 2-bromo-benzoate ligands in an irregular coordination geometry. Two μ(3)-carboxyl-ate groups of the 2-bromo-benzoate anions bridge two symmetry-related Sr(II) atoms, giving rise to a chain structure extending along [001]. The polymeric chains are connected via O-H⋯O and O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds inter-actions into a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the title complex mol-ecule, [CdBr(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)], the Cd(II) ion is six-coordinated by two cis-arranged bromide anions and four N atoms of two bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The dihedral angle formed by the mean planes through the bipyridine ligands is 87.01 (11)°. In the crystal packing, π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.837 (6) and 3.867 (11) Å] link adjacent complex mol-ecules into chains running parallel to the b axis. The chains are further connected by inter-molecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, [Pb(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, the Pb(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and four O atoms from two 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands in an irregular polyhedral coordination geometry. Two carboxyl-ate O atoms and one F atom are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.60 and 0.40. The dihedral angle between the two phen ligands is 89.9 (1)°. The mean inter-planar distances are alternatively of 3.44 (3) and 3.45 (3) Å, indicating π-π stacking inter-actions between the neighboring phen ligands. In the crystal, O-H⋯O, O-H⋯F and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol-ecules and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a supra-molecular network.

Targeted drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to those using different carriers to make the effective parts or monomer extracted from TCM or natural medicine into agents which can directly concentrate on the target site. This system is an ideal delivery approach and has became a hot spot in the field of TCM pharmaceutical research since it can improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the adverse reactions. This paper reviews literatures on TCM targeted agents which were published in the past 10 years. In accordance with the different carriers, four types of agents, liposome, nanoparticle, microsphere, and emulsion are analyzed. Liposomes were studied most profoundly and a variety of new types of liposomes was developed on the basis of the traditional liposomes. Using natural or synthetic polymer materials to carry drugs, nanoparticles and microspheres can promote the drug through the blood-brain barrier and enhance its bioavailability. Emulsion has lymphatic affinity and the drug is coated in the internal phase, which can protect the drugs from hydrolysis. All these delivery agents are proved to be effective ways to improve the clinical efficacy of drugs, and each is discussed in detail with examples. At present, TCM targeted agents are still in the exploratory stage and many problems need to be solved. Especially, it is a huge challenge to research the targeted delivery systems for the effective parts of Chinese medicines and compound prescriptions, and the paper gives a particular discussion on this point. In the future, more attention should be paid to the research on the particle agents of TCM effective parts, and the development of new carrier materials in order to enhance the overall quality of TCM targeted agents.

Objective: To evaluate the principle and treatment of rotational unstable nonunion of the femoral shaft fracture after interlocking nailing., Methods: From April 2003 to June 2007, 18 cases of rotational unstable nonunion of femoral shaft fractures after interlocking nailing were treated with exchanged reamed nailing and/or LCP fixation and iliac bone graft. The average age was 40 years old (from 22 to 52)., Results: All patients were followed up for an average time of 28 months (from 12 to 58). All the fractures were united in an average time of 7 months (from 6 to 8). There were no perioperative complications occurred and no wound infection were observed. No loosening was found around the implant till the last follow-up., Conclusions: Rotational instability is one of the reasons of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after interlocking nailing. Reaming and nail exchanging or LCP fixation with iliac bone graft are the appropriate methods which can achieve a great clinic results.

In the title compound, [Pb(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(0.5)]·2H(2)O, the Pb(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands, four O atoms from two 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands and a half-occupied water mol-ecule in an irregular coordination geometry. One carboxyl-ate O atom and two F atoms are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.558 (6) and 0.442 (6). The two crystallographically independent phen ligands are co-planar [dihedral angle 0.0 (2)°]. Centroid-centroid distances of 3.659 (7) and 3.687 (7) Å indicate π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring phen ligands. In the crystal, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol-ecules and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a supra-molecular network.

The title compound, [Cu(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)](2)[W(6)O(19)], consists of two [Cu(phen)(2)](+) cations (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and one typical [W(6)O(19)](2-) isopolyanion. The Cu(I) atom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating phen ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The hexa-tungstate anion, lying on an inversion center and possessing the well known Lindqvist structure, is formed by six edge-sharing WO(6) octa-hedra, thus exhibiting an approximate O(h) symmetry. Three kinds of O atoms exist in the hexa-tungstate, viz. terminal O(a), bridging O(b) and central O(c) atoms. Besides the electrostatic effects between the anions and cations, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the phen ligands and O(a) or O(b) atoms. The mean inter-planar distances of 3.485 (1) and 3.344 (1) Å indicate π-π stacking inter-actions between neighboring phen ligands. These weak hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions lead to a two-dimensional network.

The hydro-thermal reaction of CoCO(3) and 4-fluoro-benzoic acid afforded the title Co(II) complex, [Co(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n). The Co(II) atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six O atoms from two water mol-ecules and four μ(2)-carboxyl-ate groups of 4-fluoro-benzoate anions, forming a distorted CoO(6) octa-hedron, with Co-O bond lengths in the range 2.071 (2)-2.130 (2) Å. All adjacent O-Co-O angles are in the range 84.78 (6)-95.22 (6)° and opposite angles are 180.0°. Each μ-carboxyl-ate group of the 4-fluoro-benzoate anions bridges two symmetry-related Co(II) atoms. Hydrogen-bonding inter-actions of the coordinated water mol-ecules further connect the cobalt-carboxyl-ate units, forming layers perpendicular to the a axis. The cobalt-oxygen layers are encased in a sandwich-like fashion by layers of π-stacked 4-fluoro-benzoate anions. Within these layers the benzene rings of the 4-fluoro-benzoate anions are π-stacked, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.432 (4) Å.

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects between antegrade intramedullary nailing and retrograde intramedullary nailing for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures., Methods: From March 1999 to October 2006, 105 patients with humeral shaft fractures were treated with locked intramedullary nail and were adequately followed up. There were 82 antegrade nailing and 23 retrograde nailing. The follow-up parameters included operation time, blood loss,fracture healing rate, healing time, complications, Constant-Murley shoulder score and Mayo elbow performance score., Results: The mean follow-up period was 31.2 months. Antegrade intramedullary nailing had significantly less blood loss than that in retrograde intramedullary nailing (P=0.002). The differences in operation time, complications, healing time and bone healing rate between he two groups had no statistical significance. Complications in the antegrade intramedullary nail group included 4 patients with nonunions, 1 patient with radial nerve palsy, and 8 patients with shoulder pains and decrement in shoulder range of motion. Complications in the retrograde intramedullary nail group included 1 patient with radial nerve palsy and 3 patients with iatrogenic fractures. For shoulder joints,the difference in the average Constant-Murley shoulder score between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.04). For elbow joints, the average postoperative Mayo elbow performance score between these two approaches did not differ significantly., Conclusion: Both the antegrade intramedullary nailing and the retrograde intramedullary nailing are good alternatives for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Because of higher incidence of iatrogenic fractures, the insertion point of retrograde intramedullary nailing should be carefully prepared. With antegrade insertion, it important to bury the humeral nail below the rotator cuff to prevent the subacromial impingement, and the rotator cuff should be carefully repaired to avoid shoulder pain and improve shoulder function.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Curcumin on rabbits with chronic heart failure., Methods: Heart failure was induced by combined aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis in 20 New Zealand rabbits and treated with placebo (HF, n = 10) and Curcumin (Cur, 100 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1), n = 10) for 8 weeks, 10 sham operated rabbits served as controls (Con). Echocardiography was performed in all rabbits at baseline and 8 weeks later. Aortic diameter (AO), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) and interventricular septum thickness (IVS) were measured. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions and fibrosis were determined by immunohistochemistry and Masson staining respectively., Results: Compared to baseline, LVEF and LVFS were significantly decreased, AO, LVDs, LVDd, LVPW, and IVS significantly increased at 8 weeks after operation in HF group while these changes could be significantly attenuated in Curcumin treated rabbits. The protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly down-regulated in HF group and could be significantly up-regulated by Curcumin treatment. The increased collagen deposition in HF group was also significantly reduced by Curcumin treatment., Conclusion: Curcumin attenuated left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling by up-regulating MMPs expressions and reducing myocardial fibrosis.

Objective: To discuss the feasibility of the operation of minimal invasive with gallbladder preserved via choledochoscopy., Methods: From February 1992 to June 2006, there were 760 patients who underwent cholecystolithiasis treated with the minimal invasive operation with gallbladder preserved via choledochoscopy, among which there were 428 males and 332 females, aged from 18 to 81 years old. All cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography and their gallbladder functions were proved normal by the examination of oral cholecystography or ECT before operation. In the operation gallstones were removed from gallbladder completely., Results: There were 612 cases who were followed up for 1-15 years and the follow-up rate was 80.5%. All patients recovered well after operation. The post-operation rate of recurrence of gallstone was 0.49%, 4.39%, 5.83%, 6.60%, 7.21% and 8.38% within the first year, the second year, the third year, the fifth year, the seventh year and the ninth year respectively, rate of recurrence of gallstone were 10.11% within both the tenth and the fifteenth year., Conclusions: The minimal invasive operation with gallbladder preserved via choledochoscopy is effective to cholecystolithiasis patients whose gallbladder function is normal. It is a feasible operation that preserves the normal functional gallbladder and improves the patients' life quality.

Objective: To investigate the effects of antibiotic-PMMA (polymethyl-methacrylate) beads combined with external fixator in treatment of infected fracture nonunion., Methods: Twenty-two cases of infected fracture-nonunions were reviewed involving 20 male and 2 female with an average age of 34.68 years (ranging 21 to 74 years). The data consisted of 9 cases of tibial fractures, 2 distal fractures of the femur, 6 femoral shaft fractures, 3 intertrochanteric fracture of the femur and 2 humeral shaft fractures. The procedure included thorough debridement to wipe out dead bone and granulation tissue, then antibiotic-PMMA bead chains imbedded into the dead space. One week later, secondary debridement was performed, antibiotic-PMMA bead chains were changed according to result of bacterial culture and susceptibility test, and fractures were stabilized with external fixator. Three months after debridement, antibiotic-PMMA bead chains were taken out and bone graft with autogenous iliac cancellous bone chips was performed., Results: The mean follow-up period was 19.98 months (ranging 15 to 28 months). Infection was controlled in 20 cases. One tibial fracture and 1 intertrochanteric fracture of the femur needed repeated debridement 2 and 3 months after bone grafting respectively,because of infection recurrence and sinus formation. All 22 cases achieved bony union averaged 15.09 weeks after bone grafting with a range of 8 to 24 weeks., Conclusion: Thorough debridement, imbedding antibiotic-PMMA bead chains combined with external fixator and staged bone grafting has proven to be effective and simple for treatment of infected fracture nonunion. The antibiotic bead delivers high tissue levels,obliterates dead space, aids bone repair.

By introducing octyloxy to C-3 and alkyl groups to C-8 of jatrorrhizine, a series of 3-octyloxy-8-alkyljatrorrhizine derivatives were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the derivatives exhibited high antimicrobial activities, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The 3-octyloxy-8-butyljatrorrhizine displayed the highest antimicrobial activity in all compounds. Their structure-activity relationships were discussed.

The hydro-thermal reaction of Ni(2)(OH)(2)CO(3) with 2,2'-bipyridine and 2-indolyl-formic acid in CH(3)OH/H(2)O at 423 K for 7 d produced the novel Ni(II) complex [Ni(C(9)H(6)NO(2))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)](C(9)H(6)NO(2))·2H(2)O. The asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of a monovalent [Ni(L)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)](+) cation (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and L is 1H-indole-2-carboxyl-ate), an L anion and two solvent water mol-ecules. In the [Ni(L)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)](+) cations, the Ni atom coordinates to four N atoms from the two bpy ligands and two O atoms, one from a L anion and the other from a water mol-ecule to complete an significantly distorted NiN(4)O(2) octa-hedron. The coordinated and solvate water mol-ecules form an extensive series of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are also present and the mol-ecules are inter-linked, forming a three-dimensional network.

Objective: To assess the regional cerebral glucose utilization and the imaging characteristic of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)., Methods: Questionnaire survey, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), physical examination, and FDG PET on brain at rest state were performed on 20 patients with PDD, 13 males and 7 females, aged (70 +/- 6), and sex- and age-matched 8 patients with non-demented PD, and 30 healthy parsons. Visual inspection and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) were used to investigate the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) and the distribution of the tracer., Results: The MMSE score of the PDD group was (27.5 +/- 2.4), (10 - 24), significantly lower than those of the non-PDD group [(27.5 +/- 2.4) (22 - 30)] and control group [(27.9 +/- 2.2) (21 - 30)] (F = 60.31, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in Hoehn-Yahr staging and disease courses between the two PD groups (P > 0.05). Visual inspection showed that there were no significant focal hypometabolic areas in the imaging of the non-demented PD patients, while compared to the controls, the rCMRglc levels of the PDD patients decreased in bilateral superior parietal lobules (BA 7), inferior parietal lobules (BA 40, 39), superior frontal gyri (BA 6), middle frontal gyri (BA 6, 8, 9), middle temporal gyri (BA 21), cuneate lobes (BA 17, 18, 19), cingulate cortices (BA 31), lingual gyri (BA 19) basal ganglia, and thalamus. According to the severity of memory impairment and the onset of hallucination, the subtype of PDD was classified into memory impairment dominant group (MD) and hallucination dominant group (HD). The rCMRglc of MD subgroup decreased significantly in the parietotemporal association cortex, especially in the precuneus lobe. The rCMRglc of the HD subgroup decreased significantly in the occipital cortex. There were no significant differences in MMSE score and Hoehn-Yahr staging between the MD and HD groups (both P > 0.05), while the age of the HD subgroup was significantly lower, and the disease duration of the HD subgroup was significantly longer than those toe MD group (both P < 0.05)., Conclusions: (18)F-FDG/PET imaging is helpful to the diagnosis of PDD and may help investigate the potential pathophysiology of PDD.

In the title compound, [Pb(2)(C(7)H(4)FO(2))(4)(H(2)O)(2)](n), one Pb(II) atom is coordinated by seven O atoms and one F atom from five 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands, and the other Pb(II) atom is coordinated by five O atoms from four 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands and three water mol-ecules, resulting in distorted PbO(7)F and PbO(8) polyhedra. The 2-fluoro-benzoate ligands bridge Pb atoms, giving rise to a one-dimensional chain structure extending along the [100] direction. The polymeric chains are connected via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions, with an inter-planar distance of 3.46 (1) Å. An intramolecular O-H⋯F interaction is also present.

Objective: To investigate the association between two estrogen receptor (ER) beta gene polymorphisms and Parkinson disease (PD) as well as Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) in Chinese people., Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 115 PD patients (including 26 PDD cases), 56 males and 55 females, aged 64 +/- 10, and 116 sex and age-matched healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to analyze the polymorphism of the fifth exon RsaI and the eighth exon AluI of ERbeta gene. Te relationship between each genotype or allele frequencies and PD/PDD was analyzed using chi-square test., Results: There was no difference in the polymorphism of ERbeta genes AluI and Rsa I between the PD group and control group and between the PDD group and control group (all P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Genetic variations from AluI and RsaI digestion in ERbeta gene do not affect the risk of PD and PDD.

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(2), the mean planes through the benzyl and 2-hydoxybenzamide units make a dihedral angle of 68.81 (7)°. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the carbonyl O atom and the 2-hydr-oxy substituent. In the crystal structure, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link symmetry-related mol-ecules into one-dimensional chains extending along the a-axis direction. These chains are further connected via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a sheet-like structure.

High glucose (HG) state is closely related to diabetic complications, and among these one main pathogenesis involves apoptosis of important functional cells. However, the mechanism of osteoblast (OB) apoptosis induced by HG state is not clear. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the strongest oxidant, can mediate apoptosis in various kinds of cells, including OB. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating whether HG state could induce OB apoptosis through ONOO-. Cultured OB from rat calvariae explanted from E21 fetuses were treated with HG solution. The ratio of OB apoptosis and ONOOcontent was assayed by TUNEL, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that HG state could induce ONOO- overformation (p<0.01), and excessive OB apoptosis (p<0.001). However, the HG-induced OB apoptosis could be attenuated by peonol, a potent scavenger of ONOO-. In conclusion, HG state might trigger excessive ONOO- formation, mediating OB apoptosis.

A dominant wheat stripe rust resistance gene, temporarily designated as YrY201, was identified in an accession Y201 of Aegilops tauschii. By bulk segregation analysis, three microsatellite markers Xgwm273b, Xgwm37 and Wmc14 were found to be linked to YrY201 with genetic distance of 11.5, 5.8 and 10.9 cM , respectively. According to the locations of the linked markers, the resistance gene was located on chromosome 7DL. Based on the chromosomal location and the resistance pattern of the gene, we proposed that YrY201 was a novel stripe rust resistance gene, and could be selected by marker-assisted selection.

The choice of specific promoters used within a transgene construct is a vital strategy to achieve the transgene regulation in the temporal, spatial and measurable manner. The strategy has been widely used in diverse aspects of plant gene engineering, such as quality improvement, resistance breeding and bioreactor. In this paper, we describe the structure feature, classification and research method of the specific promoter and its application progresses in plant gene engineering.

Objective: To explore the effect of the improved plastic and reconstruction of the anus in situ., Methods: Improved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ was performed in 38 cases of low rectal cancers operated while Miles radical operation. Improvement includes: (1) The internal sphincter was rebuilt with 4 layers of muscle layer of the endmost of colon. (2) The last of gracilis was divided into 2 parts to reconstruct the superficial part and deep part of external sphincter muscle. (3) The rectum cape improvement is to firmly stitch the levator ani outside the external sphincter muscle in front of the colon. (4) The rectum valve is improved into three artificial rectum valves., Results: The form and function and their long term survival rate were good, the rate of superior anus function was 94.73%., Conclusion: It mains the results of improved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ is near that of normal persons.

Temozolomide, commercially available in capsules, is an oral alkylating agent used to treat brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmaceutical acceptability and chemical stability of temozolomide in two extemporaneously compounded suspension formulations prepared from the capsules. The temozolomide oral suspensions were prepared from 100-mg commercial capsules yielding a nominal temozolomide concentration of 10 mg/mL. The suspension vehicles selected for testing were an equal parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet and an equal parts mixture of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet SF. The suspensions were packaged in amber plastic screw-cap prescription bottles, which were stored at 23 deg C for 21 days or 4 deg C for 60 days. Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the temozolomide concentration in both suspension vehicle combinations exhibited little or no loss for 60 days at 4 deg C. At 23 deg C, temozolomide losses were somewhat greater. In the Ora-Sweet formulation, the loss was 6% at 7 days; in the Ora-Sweet SF formulation, losses were about 8% at 14 days and 10% to 11% at 21 days. Temozolomide extemporaneously prepared as oral suspensions from capsules in equal parts mixtures of Ora-Plus suspension vehicle with Ora-Sweet and with ora-Sweet SF syrups with added povidine k-30 and acidified with citric acid were pharmaceutically acceptable and chemically stable for at least 60 days at 4 deg C. Refrigerated storage is recommended. The suspensions should not be stored at room temperature longer than 1 week if Ora-Sweet is used or longer than 2 weeks if Ora-Sweet SF is used.

Objective: To study the association of two polymorphisms of alpha-2 macroglobulin gene (A2M), a 1000G/A in exon 24 and a pentanucleotide insertion/deletion (I/D) in the 5'splice site in exon 18, with Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) in North China., Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to investigate 87 cases of Parkinson's disease (PD),73 cases of ET and 100 randomly selected healthy control subjects., Results: (1) The allelic and genotypic distributions of A2M G/A were significantly different among the PD, ET patients and controls (P<0.05). The allele G and genotype GA in PD patients were significantly higher than those in ET patients or controls (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between ET patients and controls in allelic and genotypic distribution (P>0.05). (2) The differences in allelic and genotypic distributions of A2M I/D among PD, ET patients and selected controls were found to be of no statistical significance (P>0.05)., Conclusion: (1) The polymorphism at the site of G/A might be associated with PD, but there might be no genetic association of polymorphism at this site with ET. (2) There might be no association of polymorphism at the site of I/D with PD and ET in North China.

Objective: To explore the approach to accurately judge the degree of rotational deformity in femur shaft fracture., Methods: 110 patients with femur shaft fracture were divided into 3 groups: Group A (n = 62) with the distal end of the fractured femur at the traumatic side at neutral position so as to fix the fracture, Group B (n = 27), with both the distal and proximal ends of the fractured femur at the neutral position so as to fix the femur at an antiversion angle of 15 degrees d, and Group C (n = 21), with the degree of antiversion angle to be controlled to that on the intact side. X ray examination and CT scanning were conducted 3 days after intramedullary nailing to measure the degree of the antiversion angle on both sides. The difference between the degrees of antiversion angle at the 2 sides was considered the rotational deformity of the femur shaft after the nailing. The antiversion angles of the femurs at both sides of 11 healthy persons were measured as controls., Results: The biggest value of antiversion angle was 26 degrees , the smallest value was 8 degrees , the average value at the left side was 12.8 degrees , and the average value at the right side was 12.45, and the biggest difference between the 2 side was 7 degrees in the control group. The average antiversion angle of the femur was 14.67 degrees , the biggest value was 51 degrees , and the smallest value was -24 degrees at the traumatic side; and the average antiversion angle of the femur was 14.27 degrees , the biggest value was 40 degrees , and the smallest value was -23 degrees at the intact side in the treatment groups. 53% and 52% of the patients in Groups A and B showed a rotational deformity < 10 degrees , and 9% and 11% of them showed a rotational deformity > 20 degrees , significantly different from those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The rotational deformity was < 10 degrees in all patients of Group C, not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Clinically about half of the femur shaft fractures are fixed in the position of rotational deformity > 10 degrees after nailing. The rotational deformity of femur shaft fracture should be prevented by comparing the antiversion angle on the intact side so as to achieve more reliable adequate reduction.

The effect of immunization with five lipopeptides, three containing T-helper (Th) epitopes and two with both Th and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, on equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) challenge was evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EIAV lipopeptide-immunized horses had significant proliferative responses to Th peptides compared with those preimmunization, and the responses were attributed to significant responses to peptides Gag from positions 221 to 245 (Gag 221-245), Gag 250-269, and Pol 326-347; however, there were no consistent CTL responses. The significant proliferative responses in the EIAV lipopeptide-immunized horses allowed testing of the hypothesis that Th responses to immunization would enhance Th and CTL responses following EIAV challenge and lessen the viral load and the severity of clinical disease. The EIAV lipopeptide-immunized group did have a significant increase in proliferative responses to Th peptides 1 week after virus challenge, whereas the control group did not. Two weeks after challenge, a significant CTL response to virus-infected cell targets occurred in the EIAV lipopeptide-immunized group compared to that in the control group. These Th and CTL responses did not significantly alter either the number of viral RNA copies/ml or disease severity. Thus, lipopeptide-induced proliferative responses and enhanced Th and CTL responses early after virus challenge were unable to control challenge virus load and clinical disease.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between feeding methods and deciduous caries., Methods: An investigation on children's feeding methods, caries prevalence and dmft was made, using 260 cases which were provided with whole primary teeth. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis on feeding methods and caries prevalence, and variance analysis was used on feeding methods and dmft., Results: The results showed that the deciduous caries rate, mean dmft in breast feeding (BF) group were lower than those in mixed feeding (MF) group and artificial feeding (AF) group, there were significant differences between BF group and MF group,also between BF group and AF group. But there were no significant differences between MF group and AF group., Conclusion: It is concluded that proper breast feeding seems to be important for preventing deciduous caries.

Objective: To evaluate non-invasive continuous hemodynamic (IQ System) monitoring in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea., Methods: According to the diagnosis on discharge, 48 patients diagnosed as pulmonary dyspnea were enrolled in control group and 38 patients with cardiac dyspnea were in heart failure group. Each patient underwent IQ monitoring on admission and after recovery. The difference in the diagnosis on admission and on discharge, and the difference in IQ index were analyzed., Results: (1) Clinical diagnosis: 7 patients in heart failure group were missed on admission as 5 were diagnosed as pneumonia and 2 were diagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One patient with pneumothorax in control group was misdiagnosed as heart failure. (2) Indexes of cardiac function: base impedance (Zo), maximum value of dz/dt (dz/dt max) and Heather index (HI) of heart failure group were markedly lower than those of control group (all P<0.001). The respective values were (19.0+/-3.5) Omega vs. (28.8+/-5.5) Omega, (0.76+/-0.42) Omega/s vs. (1.40+/-0.72) Omega/s, and (7.04+/-4.25) Omega/s2 vs. (13.60+/-6.36) Omega/s2. If Zo value of patients with dyspnea was 22 omicron or less, the sensitivity in diagnosing heart failure was 79 percent, and its specificity was 94 percent. If Zo value was 18.0 omicron or less, the sensitivity in diagnosing heart failure was 47 percent, and its specificity was 100 percent. (3) Comparison within groups: Indexes of cardiac function of control group did not change obviously and Zo, dz/dt max, HI, stroke volume (SV) and acceleration contraction index (ACI) values of heart failure group rose significantly after recovery. (4) Pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (VET) in both groups had no statistical significance in differences., Conclusion: IQ System was valuable in differential diagnosis to judge if dyspnea is caused by heart failure. Zo, dz/dt max and HI, especially Zo, are reliable.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and the effect of surgical therapy for shotgun injuries of the sciatic nerve., Methods: From 1996 to 2000, 19 sciatic nerve injuries resulted from shotgun were observed. Among 19 cases of shotgun sciatic nerve wounds, the gluteal wound was in 2 cases, thigh wound in 15 cases, and knee wound in 2 cases. The firing distance was between 0.5-9 m. According to Shermen classification of shotgun injury, 4 cases belonged to type I injury, 11 cases type II, 4 cases type III. The time from injury to admission was between 2 months-14 months except 1 patient who underwent emergency operation 4 hours after injury, and 1 patient was treated with debridement and epineurial neurorrhaphy, 7 cases with nerve trunk grafting, 6 cases with nerve cable grafting, 4 cases with neurolysis, 1 case with arthrodesis of ankle., Results: Nineteen cases were followed-up for 0.8-3.5 years (mean, 19 months). The excellent and good nerve functional recovery was found in 52.6% according to MCRR., Conclusions: Shotgun injuries of the sciatic nerve are very severe and complicated, and injuries in most patients were usually complicated by open fracture, vascular injury, soft-tissue loss and infection; the character of nerve injury was classified as 4-5 degree according to Sunderland Standard, nerve transfer is effective in the treatment of shotgun injuries of the sciatic nerve, but outcome is poor; the recovery of the sciatic nerve should be observed continually after injury; selecting correct initial treatment after injury, strict minimally invasive surgical procedure, physical therapy and reasonable preoperative and postoperative medication can improve the surgical results.

In the present study, an adapted bacterium PF-11 with high 1,3-dichlorobenzene degradation capability was isolated from town-gas industrial effluent through continuous introducing of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine (NTG). In suitable condition, a degradation rate of 32 mg L(-1) d(-1) of 1,3-dichlorobenzene was obtained by strain PF-11 with effective chlorion release. Strain PF-11 was tentatively identified as gram-positive Bacillus cereus. The substrate specificity of the strain PF-11 was relatively low, and the degradation rate for different chlorobenzenes was in the order of monochlorobenzene > 1,3-dichlorobenzene > 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Initial oxidation step was molecular oxygen attacking chlorobenzene ring catalyzed by dioxygenase.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical stability of 4-aminopyridine 5-mg capsules and 3,4-diaminopyridine 5-mg capsules under a variety of storage conditions. Each of the two drug preparations was extemporaneously prepared in hard gelatin capsules; lactose and micronized silica gel were used as excipients. Samples were stored under three conditions: refigeration at 4 deg C and protected from light for 6 months, protected from light at room temperature that ranged from 22 deg C to 24 deg C for 6 months, and at a temperature of 37 deg C and protected from light for 1 month. Once each month, visual inspection of the capsules and their powder contents was performed to identify observable changes (color, texture, etc) and the weight of the capsule content was measured individually. Chemical stability was assessed initially and at monthly intervals by means of a stability-indicating high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical technique based on the determination of drug content. No visible changes were observed in any of the samples under any of the storage conditions. The hard gelatin capsules remained clear and colorless, and the content of the capsules remained an off-white powder when viewed under normal fluorescent room light. Capsule content weight did not change during the study. Both 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine exhibited excellent chemical stability under all study conditions. Little or no loss of drug content occurred in either product under refrigeration, at room temperature, and even at the elevated temperature of 37 deg C. The oral 5-mg capsules of 4-aminopyridine and 3,4 diaminopyridine did not undergo decomposition or other adverse changes within 6 months at refrigerated room temperature or within 1 month of storage at 37 deg C.

This paper studied the FTIR spectrum change of alcohol-water system after treated by high voltage electric field (2.0 kV.cm-1, 50 Hz). 4 kinds of systems were studied: pure water, 10% and 50% alcohol water solution and pure alcohol. Results showed that the position of nu (OH) in FTIR spectrum reflect the amount of hydrogen bonds in the alcohol-water system; when the solution treated by 1-30 min, the hydrogen bonds increased first and then decreased a lot. When the 50% alcohol solution and pure alcohol were treated more than 30 min by 2.0 kV.cm-1 electric field, peaks of nu (c-o) and nu (OH)(H2O) appeared in the spectrum. This indicated that alcohol might be oxidized by external physical field force and aldehyde and ester were formed. Test for the treated samples 7 days later found the FTIR spectra were almost the same. Some mechanisms were deduced.

Objective: To investigate the influence of different processing methods on fatty oils in yolk oil., Method: The contents of fatty oils and fatty acids were determined by ROESS GOTTILE and GC respectively, and the physicochemical properties of fatty oils were identified by pharmacopoeial method., Results and Conclusion: The yolk oils processed by daking and dry distillation are almost similar in the contents of fatty oils, type of fatty acids, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, relative density and refractive index, while obvious differences were found in the products processed by chloroform extraction.

Objective: To study the reconstructional method and effect of shoulder joint function in the older obstetrical palsy with medial rotation contracture deformity., Methods: From April 1996 to July 1999, 7 patients of older obstetrical palsy were adopted in this study. Among them, there were 5 males and 2 females, aged from 13 to 21 years old. No previous operation history and the main deformity was medial rotation contracture of shoulder. During operation, these patients were treated with "Z"-shape elongation of the tendon of subscapular muscle, transfer of the tendons of latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle to the tendons of supraspinous and infraspinous muscles., Results: Followed up for 6 to 44 months(averaged 19 months), the Gilbert grading and Mallet scoring were 1.57, 7.57 preoperatively versus 3.45, 10.86 postoperatively, the abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joints recovered obviously., Conclusion: It is an effective operation for the older obstetrical palsy with medial rotation contracture of shoulder.

Telomerase is an important biomarker in cancer cells. It is active in germline cells, most of cancer tissues and cell lines, but not in most somatic tissues. Telomerase is composed of two components, and while hTER is present in normal and tumor cells, expression of hTERT appears to be highly regulated and correlates with telomerase activity. In order to detect the telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein, anti-hTERT polyclonal antibodies were produced in this study. A segment of hTERT cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the multi-cloning site of the GST gene fusion vector pGEX-5X-3. After the recombinant plasmid was expressed in E. coli BL21, the fusion protein was purified for immunization. Extracts from several cultured cells were analyzed by Western blot, and the results indicated that telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein could be specifically detected by this anti-hTERT antibod'. Thus, a simple and effective method was primarily established for the immunodetection of telomerase enzyme and hTERT protein.

Eighteen patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis who survived from operation were followed up for 12 to 43 months. Late complications including pancreatic external fistula, pseudocyst, hyperglycemia, etc were reviewed. The pancreatic juice was collected through endoscopic cannulation. The volume and HCO3- concentration of the pancreatic juice and three kinds of pancreatic enzymes were measured. The results demonstrated that inspite of anatomic abnormality or functional impairment of the pancreas, the pancreatic insufficiency rarely manifested to be marked because of the compensative ability of the viable exocrine pancreas.

We present a method of staining with Chinese-Ink or methylenum coeruleum under endoscope preoperatively and its clinical valve as a guide for radical resection of esophagus (cardia) cancer. There were 39 cases of esophageal cancer and 9 cases of gastric cardia cancer. 37 cases were stained with Chinese-ink and 11 cases with methylenum coeruleum. 268 of the 334 groups (427 of 592 lymph modes) were stained. In the 73 metastatic groups (107 lymph nodes) 65 groups (96 lymph nodes) were stained (88.1%, 96/107). In this series radical operation was achieved in 45 cases. The indication of staining, choice of marking materials and main points of manipulation practice were discussed.

One hundred and twelve esophageal cancer patients underwent esophagus resection with neck anastomosis of esophagus and reduced tubular stomach raised from the stomach bed and back of the aortic arc. Twelve (10.8%) cases developed early complications and 2 (1.8%) died. The 3 and 5 year survival rates were 48.7% (19/39) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively. The operative procedure, its advantages and points to be noted are discussed.