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As the utmost downstream dam in the main stream of Xijiang River, Changzhou Hydro-Junction has changed the original hydrological characteristics and ecological environment of Xijiang River. In order to grasp the fish distribution and standing crops after reservoir impoundment, a split beam echo-sounder EY60 (120 kHz) was used in the river channel from Guiping to Wuzhou in April 2014, 2015, and 2016. The average fish density in the survey area was 0.1215±0.4198 ind.m-3 in 2014, 0.0190±0.1232 ind.m-3 in 2015 and 0.0107±0.0186 ind.m-3 in 2016. According to the horizontal distribution data, fish density showed significant difference in different area and the density in the upper area was significantly higher than that in other areas. Moreover, fish density was negatively correlation with water depth. As a whole, the Target Strength (TS) decreased in the past three year, TS was significantly different among the three areas and showed a decreasing tendency from the dam area to the upper area. Fish resources decreased gradually, as indicated by the decreased fish density and miniaturized fish sizes in the past three years.

A self-aligned approach was developed to fabricate planar gated nanowire field emitter arrays (FEAs). A single mask was used to etch the gate dielectric and define the area for nanowire growth, in which a self-alignment between the gate and the nanowire cathode is achieved. A planar gated ZnO nanowires FEAs was fabricated by using this approach .

The temperature dependence of field emission characteristics from ZnO nanotrees is studied. An evident thermo-enhanced field emission effect is found in field emission from ZnO nanotrees. The turn-on field decreases obviously from 15.3 MV/m to 11.9 MV/m when the temperature increases from 293 to 773K. A defect-assisted emission model is used to explain the results.

In order to evaluate the performance of ZnO nanowire field emission display under different temperature, the temperature dependence of field emission current of a fully-sealed diode-structured field emission device using ZnO nanowire cold cathode was studied when the temperature changed from -60°C to 80°C. The pressure inside the device was also measured. It is found that the emission current decreases with increasing temperature, which is attributed to the increasing pressure. The findings are crucial to optimize the manufacture process of the FED using ZnO nanowire cold cathode.

Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is a cold-water shellfish, and a species of economic importance in China. In this study, we developed and evaluated simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of M. yessoensis. The characteristics of 12 EST-SSR loci were investigated in 30 individual scallops, and the result revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2-4, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.0333-0.7692, and an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.0333-0.6312. Only two loci were found to depart significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P0.05). The result of our study suggested that these markers could be considered as potential markers for studying the population structure of M. yessoensis and its intraspecific variation.

Conventionally, thermal management of LEDs lighting is achieved by natural convection with different types of heat sink. However, as high-power LEDs lighting developing, passive cooling system can't afford sufficient cooling ability for LEDs lighting. Previous study developed a novel piezoelectric (PZT) fan with multiple magnetic fans cooling system which only used one piezoelectric actuator to provide more air flow. In this study, micro multiple piezoelectric-magnetic fans (called “m-MPMF”) is developed to provide an innovative cooling solution on thermal management of LEDs lighting. Moreover, efficiency of MPMF system in this study is defined as the improvement of thermal resistance compared with natural convection. The results show the carbon fiber sheet of magnetic fan can perform better cooling ability than PVC fan because of higher Young's modulus. Efficiency of MPMF system showed 74% improvement by using carbon fiber sheet, in contrary, only 64% improvement of PVC fan. The m-MPMF system is also developed for small scale LEDs lighting cooling. The result showed m-MPMF system can keep temperature of 9W LEDs lighting substrate below 55°C and T-shape design of m-MPMF can further reduce temperature to 45.2°C with only 0.13W power consumption.

The longitudinal magnetic field dependence of low-frequency circular susceptibility, χ ( H ), is measured for (Fe 1− x Cr x ) 77.5 Si 7.5 B 15 ( x =0,0.05,0.1, and 0.15) amorphous wires of radius r 0 =0.07 mm. In order to explain the experimental results, on the basis of the widely accepted core–shell model, we consider that there are a constant axial anisotropy K c in the core and a radius-dependent radial anisotropy K s ∝ r 8 / r 0 8 in the shell, both K c and K s being functions of stress-energy constant λ s σ 0 . A formula for χ ( H ) is derived from this model. The experimental data fits indicate that the magnetic structure can be well described by the improved core–shell model with reasonable values of λ s .

Toxaphene, as a general-purpose insecticide, was widely used in the United States. The use of toxaphene in the United States can be divided into four different periods between 1947 and 1986, with total usage of about 490 kt, and total production around 720 kt. Inventories of gridded usage of toxaphene in the United States with 1/6° by 1/4° latitude/longitude resolution have been created by using different gridded cropland and cattle as surrogate data. The intensive use of toxaphene on croplands was concentrated in the southeastern part of the United States with the highest usage of 2 kt per grid cell. The results show that the state of Alabama was the largest user of toxaphene, reaching as much as 87 kt, followed by Mississippi at 60 kt. The total usage in the top 10 states is 410 kt, 84% of the national usage in the United States. The use in the first six states, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Arkansas, Texas, and South Carolina, is 350 kt, 71% of the national usage in the United States.

The novel effect consisting of the spontaneous mechanical rotation when subjected to axial high-frequency ac magnetic field is reported for Fe73.5Nb3Cu1Si13.5B9 amorphous as-cast wires and after devitrification. The rotation is observed at a spectrum of frequencies of the exciting applied field and as a consequence of the interaction of a generated magnetoelastic standing wave with an induced circular current. A correlation is found between complex spectra of rotational frequencies and the characteristics of the existing structural phases. Four characteristic frequencies and their harmonics are differentiated in the as-cast state. New rotational frequencies are observed at the very early stages of nanocrystallization, which can be ascribed to initial structural rearrangements. However, the spontaneous rotation vanishes in samples annealed at 550 °C and 570 °C where optimum ultra-soft magnetic behaviour is achieved and magnetostriction is drastically reduced. In this state, rotation is not observed as a consequence of the disappearance of the magnetoelastic wave because of the reduced magnetostriction. The rotation of the wire is observed again when annealed at 650 °C, due to a final increase of magnetostriction upon further crystallisation of the system. The direct correlation between magnetostriction and the field-induced rotation of the wire is thus shown.

This paper presents the velocity and temperature measurements of a heated jet issuing from a square nozzle into stagnant ambient air. Measurements were accomplished by means of hot-wire and cold-wire anemometers. Experimental results showed that the jet initial boundary layer was laminar. Based on the local maximum velocity and half-width, the interaction region was determined from 5De to 8De. It is found that the temperature has higher spreading rate and root mean square values than those of the velocity. It is thus suggested that the heated jet could enhance the mixing better.

The circular susceptibility of nearly zero magnetostrictive amorphous wires with saturation magnetization M s under an axially applied magnetic field H can be one order of magnitude greater than M s / H , the theoretical circular susceptibility deduced from the assumption of zero anisotropies. This phenomenon should be seriously considered in recent studies on magneto-impedance, and it can also become a powerful probe to the micromagnetic structure and local anisotropies in ferromagnetic wires if its further understanding is reached.

After annealing at 475–525°C and premagnetizing at a positive field of 60 kA/m, the quasi-saturated hysteresis loops of Fe 65.9 Cr 11.6 Si 7.5 B 15 amorphous wires made by the in-rotating-water quenching technique are shifted in the negative field direction. The shift can be as large as 10 2 A/m, which is in contrast to the slight shift of 10 0 A/m in CoFeSiB-based ribbons found before. Although this phenomenon can be attributed to the existence of aligned hard magnetic crystallites, its detailed mechanism remains unclear.

Spatial deformation is an important tool in both computer animation and shape design. In this paper, we present a new three-dimensional deformation method using directional polar coordinates. The user specifies a source control object and a destination control object, which act as embedding spaces. The source and the destination control objects determine a three-dimensional volume morphing which maps the space enclosed in the source control object to that of the destination control object. By embedding the object to be deformed into the source control object, the three-dimensional volume morphing determines the deformed object automatically without the cumbersome moving of control points. Experiments show that this deformation model is efficient and intuitive, and it can achieve some deformation effects which are difficult with traditional methods.

A global cropland data set with 1° × 1° longitude and latitude resolution has been created by using an advanced very high resolution radiometer global land database with 1 km × 1 km resolution. By using this global gridded cropland data set as a surrogate, global technical HCH usage data for the years of 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990 are distributed to a grid system with 1° × 1° longitude and latitude resolution. Usage data for these years versus latitude and longitude and for different continents are analyzed. A centroid analysis of the use trends of technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) for these years versus latitude and longitude leads to the conclusion that the use of this insecticide was undergoing a “northward tilt” before 1960, a “southward tilt” after 1960, an “eastward tilt” between 1950 and 1980, and a “westward tilt” between 1980 and 1990. Air concentrations of α-HCH, the major isomer of technical HCH, in the Arctic and Antarctic are also compared to the usage of technical HCH in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively. While the ratio between the total technical HCH usage in the Northern Hemisphere and that in the Southern Hemisphere is around 17 in 1980, 8 in 1987, and 9 in 1990, the ratio of air concentrations of α-HCH in the Arctic to that in the Antarctic is around 14 between 1980 and 1981, 9 in 1987, and 11 between 1989 and 1990. This suggests that atmospheric concentrations of α-HCH in the Arctic and the Antarctic have been responding to the technical HCH use in the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres, respectively. This also provides evidence that the quality of the global gridded technical HCH usage presented in this study is reasonably high.

A process has been invented for growing alumina (Al2O3) whiskers in the matrix of the aluminum-based metal matrix composite by the internal oxidation reaction between aluminum (Al) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) at 850 °C. The whiskers were formed during the firing stage and distributed uniformly throughout the metal matrix. The fractional volume of the whiskers was about 30%, and their average size was 1 μm in diameter and 10 μm in length. The growth mechanism of the Al2O3 whiskers was studied. It was found that the nutrient for the growth of the whiskers was supplied from the molten Al at the base of the whiskers where they reacted with MoO3 forming the Al2O3 whiskers and the Al–Mo intermetallic phases.

Recent studies have characterized a number of the Ags that are recognized by melanoma-reactive T cells. Although the majority of tumor Ags appear to represent nonmutated gene products, a variety of epitopes have been shown to arise from either mutated or alternatively processed transcripts. Here, we report that the screening of a cDNA library with a HLA-A24-restricted melanoma-reactive T cell cloid derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes resulted in the isolation of a variant of the gp100 gene that had retained the entire fourth intron of this gene, termed gp100-in4. The gp100-in4 transcript could be detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR but could not be detected in Northern blots conducted with melanoma RNA, indicating that it represents a relatively rare transcript. Read-through of this transcript into the region corresponding to the fourth intron gave rise to an additional 35 amino acids not found in the normal gp100 glycoprotein, and a peptide within this region conforming to the HLA-A24 consensus motif (VYFFLPDHL) was shown to be recognized by the T cell cloid. The sequence of the intron was identical with that of a previously isolated genomic gp100 clone, and T cells that recognized the gp100-in4 gene product were found to recognize HLA-A24-matched allogeneic melanoma cell lines and melanocytes, demonstrating that this represents a nonmutated epitope. These results further extend the types of Ags that can be recognized by melanoma-reactive T cells to aberrant transcripts of melanosomal genes.

Most of the radar systems used in operating marine vessel traffic management services experience problems, such as track loss and track swap, which may cause confusion to the traffic regulators and lead to potential hazards in the harbour operation. The reason is mainly due to the limited adaptive capabilities of the algorithms used in the detection process. The decision on whether a target is present is usually based on the amplitude information of the returning echoes. Such method has a low efficiency in discriminating between the target and clutter, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. With modern signal processing techniques more information can be extracted from the radar return signals and the tracking parameters of the previous scan. The objectives of this paper are to review the methods which are currently adopted in radar target identification, identify techniques for extracting additional information and consider means of data analysis for deciding the presence of a target. Instead of employing traditional two-state logic, it is suggested that the radar signal should be allocated in terms of threshold levels into fuzzy sets with its membership functions being related to the information extracted and the environment. Additional signal processing techniques are also suggested to explore pattern recognition aspects and discriminate features which are associated with a return signal from those of clutter.

The effects of the partial substitution of Fe by Mn on the crystallization process and on the magnetic properties in a melt spun Fe 68.5 Mn 5 Si 13.5 B 9 CuNb 3 alloy have been analyzed. The crystallization process and structure after devitrification of the amorphous state were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffractometry. A fine nanocrystalline structure, composed of BCC-Fe rich nanograins surrounded by the residual amorphous phase, is obtained after thermal treatments at 550–600 °C. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties (i.e. magnetic permeability) is analyzed taking into account the main changes in both magnetic phases upon annealing.

International audience; The power output of a wind turbine depends on wind speed, and on the physical and operating characteristics of the turbine. Then, the variability associated to wind power generation is relevant, and it is due to the wind uncertain and intermittent character. This intrinsic variability has a significant effect on power system operations such as regulation, load following, balancing, unit commitment and scheduling. Therefore, for the safe, reliable and economic operation of power systems, the accurate prediction of wind power and of the associated uncertainty is critical. In this study, we consider historical values of wind power for predicting future values of wind power itself, taking into account both the variability in the input and the uncertainty in the model structure. Uncertainty in the input (hourly wind power) is represented as an interval range which captures the within-hour variability. A Neural Network (NN) is trained on interval-valued input to provide output prediction intervals (PIs). A multi-objective genetic algorithm (namely, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II)) is used to train the NN. The multi-objective framework allows finding PIs which are optimal both in terms of accuracy (coverage probability) and efficacy (width).

To investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis rats. To explore the in vitro and in vivo expression of Phospho-p38, Phospho-Akt and NF-kB in HSCs treated with H2S.HSC-T6 cells were incubated and activated with 500 µg/L ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), and then were incubated with NaHS, an H2S-releasing molecule for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability. Propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to determine cell cycle by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected with Annexin-V FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and PI (propidium iodide) double staining. Western blotting was performed to detect protein expressions of Phospho-p38, Phospho-Akt and NF-kB. Hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in male Wistar rats, and rats were randomly divided into three groups, including healthy control, rats treated with CCl4 + saline, and rats treated with CCl4 + NaHS. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to measure protein expression of Phospho-p38 and Phospho-Akt in rat hepatic samples.NaHS inhibited the proliferation of Fe-NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid)-induced HSC-T6 cells in a dose-dependent way at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. NaHS (500 µmol/L) induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and promoted survival in Fe-NTA-induced HSC-T6 cells. NaHS decreased Phospho-p38 and increased Phospho-Akt expressions in Fe-NTA-induced HSC-T6 cells and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rats.Exogenous H2S inhibits activated HSC-T6 cells and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Decreased Phospho-p38 and increased Phospho-Akt expressions may mediate the anti-fibrosis effect by exogenous H2S.

Fe65.9Cr11.6Si7.5B15 amorphous wire was annealed at 520°C for 30 min and pre-magnetized with a positive field of 60 kA m−1. Its quasi-saturated hysteresis M(H) loop, longitudinal susceptibility, χL, and circular susceptibility, χc, as a function of axial static field, H, were measured. We found the M(H) loop shifted 89 A m−1 in the negative field direction and both χL(H) and χc(H) exhibited asymmetric distribution with respect to H = 0: χL(H > 0) 0) > χc(H < 0). The displaced hysteresis loop and the asymmetric χL(H) can be explained by the magnetostatic interaction between hard magnetic inclusions and the residual soft matrix, while the asymmetric χc(H) is supposed to the different micro-domains structures resulting from this interaction.

Mugetan sandy land is an inland desertification area of about 2,065 km2 in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the ecological restoration region of the Mugetan sandy land, different crusts have formed under the action of vegetation in three types of sandy soil (i.e. semi-fixed sand dune, fixed sand dune and ancient fixed aeolian sandy soil). The surface sand particle distribution, mineral component and vegetation composition of moving sand dunes and three types of sandy soil were studied in 2010-2014 to analyze the biological crust formation properties in the Mugetan sandy land and the effects of artificial vegetation. Results from this study revealed that artificial vegetation increases the clay content and encourages the development of biological curst. The fine particles (i.e. clay and humus) of the surface layer of the sand dunes increased more than 15% ten years after the artificial vegetation planting, and further increased up to 20% after one hundred years. The interaction of clay, humus, and other fine particles formed the soil aggregate structure. Meanwhile, under the vegetation effect from the microbes, algae, and moss, the sand particles stuck together and a biological crust formed. The interconnection of the partial crusts caused the sand dunes to gradually be fixed as a whole. Maintaining the integrity of the biological crust plays a vital role in fixing the sand under the crust. The precipitation and temperature conditions in the Mugetan sandy land could satisfy the demand of biological crust formation and development. If rational vegetation measures are adopted in the region with moving sand dunes, the lichen-moss-algae biological curst will form after ten years, but it still takes more time for the sand dunes to reach the nutrient enrichment state. If the biological curst is partly broken due to human activities, reasonable closure and restoration measures can shorten the restoration time of the biological crust.

For the epoxy encapsulant cured by diethanolamine, optimal epoxy/hardener stoichiometry could hardly be predicted due to the complex curing mechanisms. In this paper, the influences of stoichiometry were investigated by FTIR, DMA and tensile testing. The results showed that stoichiometry has a dominating effect on both Tg and tensile properties of the cured epoxy. The largest Tg , highest crosslink density as well as excellent ductility appeared in epoxy encapsulant cured with 14 wt% diethanolmine. When the content of diethanolamine was lower than 14 wt%, epoxy encapsulants showed smaller glycidyl conversion even with long-duration post-cure. Larger tensile strength and modulus were also observed in the glycidyl-rich epoxies, which could be explained by anti-plasticization effect. The amine-rich epoxy, however, had extremely high glycidyl conversion and presented brittle tensile behavior. A diethanolamine content of 12-14 wt% for the epoxy encapsulant is suggested to obtain optimal thermal and tensile properties.

We demonstrate a novel plasma device for magnetic reconnection, driven by Gekko XII lasers irradiating a double-turn Helmholtz capacitor-coil target. Optical probing revealed an accumulated plasma plume near the magnetic reconnection outflow. The background electron density and magnetic field were measured to be approximately 1018 cm−3 and 60 T by using Nomarski interferometry and the Faraday effect, respectively. In contrast with experiments on magnetic reconnection constructed by the Biermann battery effect, which produced high beta values, our beta value was much lower than one, which greatly extends the parameter regime of laser-driven magnetic reconnection and reveals its potential in astrophysical plasma applications.

By incorporating magnetic particles into elevated temperature-curing adhesives, or hot-meltable thermoplastics, induction fields can be used to heat bondlines and join composite adherends. In this article we investigate the fundamental heating behaviors of such magnetic particles in order to aid in the design and selection of improved magnetic materials. Magnetic inductive heating tests were performed on two types of magnetic materials: Co2Ba2Fe12O22 semihard ferrites and NiFe2O4 soft ferrites. The Curie temperatures of these ferrites were also varied through Zn substitution. All of the samples clearly demonstrated Curie temperature-controlled final heating behavior. The magnitude of heat generation has been related to dc magnetic hysteresis measurements, with reasonable agreement. Deviations are theorized to be due to domain wall resonance effects.

An amorphous ferromagnetic wire with a highly positive saturation magnetostriction constant, made of Fe 73.5 Si 13.5 B 9 Nb 3 Cu 1 , was simultaneously submitted to both, an AC current flowing through it and a torsional stress, in order to induce a helical magnetic anisotropy that modifies the magnetic domain structure and therefore the magnetic response of the sample. We study the torsion-impedance effect in an Fe-rich amorphous wire when it is submitted to different applied torsional stresses in both senses, up to 0.8 π rad/cm, as a function of the drive current frequency, in the range of 10 Hz–2 MHz. The experimental results are explained on the basis of the core-shell magnetic structure model combined with the skin effect.

A systematic flow is described for characterizing, modeling, and simulating single event transient-induced soft errors in cell-based designs. Pulse broadening effects are quantified for a 65 nm CMOS process.

Portal hypertension and splenomegaly are common in patients with cirrhosis. However, there is limited previous in vivo research on the correlation between spleen stiffness and stages of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of spleen stiffness measurement (SSM), using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology, for liver fibrosis assessment. Eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B or C (n = 163) underwent concurrent liver stiffness measurement (LSM), SSM and percutaneous liver biopsy. Receiver operating characteristic curves estimated the diagnostic performance of SSM, with multiple linear regression models for LSM and SSM determining the significance of explanatory factors. Results indicated significant correlation between LSM and SSM (R(2) = 0.574, P0.0001). Using SSM to classify METAVIR fibrosis (METAVIR F) scores, the areas under curves were 0.839 (95% CI: 0.780-0.898) for METAVIR F1 vs F2-4, 0.936 (95% CI: 0.898-0.975) for F1-2 vs F3-4 and 0.932 (95% CI: 0.893-0.971) for F1-3 vs F4, all P0.001. Multiple linear regression models identified BMI, spleen stiffness, METAVIR F3 and F4, serum alanine aminotransferase, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, sodium and platelet count as significant independent explanatory factors for liver stiffness (adjusted R(2) = 0.724, P0.001). Male gender, liver stiffness, METAVIR F2, F3 and F4 also significantly and independently explained spleen stiffness (adjusted R(2) = 0.647, P0.001). ARFI SSM is potentially useful as a single or adjunct predictor of stages of liver fibrosis.

There are many constraints in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility (fab), especially time-constraints on processes. This paper gives a dispatching rule considering time-constraints (DRTC) that makes use of such information as due date of a job, workload of a machine, occupation time of a job on a machine, and time constraint of a process. The relative importance of each category is determined by weighting parameters, which are set by learning simulation samples with a backward propagation neural network (BPNN). A real fab simulation model is used to demonstrate the proposed method. The simulation results indicate that DRTC is superior to common rules (such as FIFO, EDD, CR and SRPT ) and the existing dispatching rule used in the fab (called as PRIOR) with more movements of WIP and higher time-constraints satisfaction proportion.

In the previous chapter, the DLP projector is used as a virtual camera and the structured light system is treated as a stereoscopic vision system. In this chapter, we take the projector as a collection of light planes and study the possible algorithms for 3D Euclidean reconstruction with such a system. The plane-based formulation is explored to take advantage of the light planes in the pattern projection. The computational complexity of the algorithm is also analyzed and compared with the traditional triangulation method. The image-to-world transformation is employed for the 3D Euclidean reconstruction considering two different cases, i.e. two-known-plane case and one-known-plane case. Finally, some examples and experimental results are presented using the suggested system.

Wide field of view of a vision system is desirable in many applications. The Catadioptric vision system, which combines reflective mirror and refractive lens, is an effective way to enlarge its viewing angle compared with the traditional system. In this chapter, we will present some recent development in the related research field. We firstly introduce the backgrounds of the Catadioptric vision system. Then three different systems are elaborated and they are: (1) panoramic stereoscopic system which cooperates a fisheye lens camera and a convex reflective mirror; (2) parabolic camera system which consists of a paraboloid-shaped mirror and a CCD camera with orthographic projection; and (3) hyperbolic camera system which combines a hyperboloid-shaped mirror and a CCD camera. All of these systems have two important characteristics: one is a single effective viewpoint and the other is wide field of view. The mathematical models of the imaging process are investigated and the calibration algorithms with different tools are explored.

The relative pose problem is to find the possible solutions for relative camera pose between two calibrated views given several corresponding coplanar or non-coplanar points. In this chapter, we will talk about an algorithm for determining the relative pose in a structured light system using coplanar points, supposing that its intrinsic parameters have been obtained by static calibration as discussed in the previous chapter. The image-to-image Homographic matrix is extensively explored with the assumption of one arbitrary plane in the scene. A closed-form solution is provided to obtain computational efficiency. Redundancy in the data is easily incorporated to improve the reliability of the estimations in the presence of noise. By using the matrix perturbation theory, we give a typical sensitivity analysis on the estimated pose parameters with respect to the noise in the image points. Finally, some experimental results are shown to valid this technique.

This chapter provides a brief summary of the book and outlines the possible problems for future investigation.

Three phase assemblages were used to produce Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (2212) during sintering: a mixture of 20% Ca-rich 2212+80%2212, partially synthesized 2212, and Bi2Sr2CuOx (2201)+(1/2 Ca2 CuO3+1/2 CuO) (denoted 0011). The mixture of 2201+0011 produced highly pure 2212 within 50 h of heating in air at ≈850°C. Ag tubes were filled with a mixture of 2201+0011 and worked into tapes by a powder-in-tube process. Heat treatments produced microstructures consisting of small, highly textured 2212 grains. Tc values were ≈70K. Transport Jc values at 4.2K were ≈104 A/cm2.

Stress-current annealing performed on Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 13.5/B/sub 9/ amorphous wire results in ultra-soft "nanocrystalline" wire with an additional very homogeneous transverse magnetic anisotropy. The giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) response of this treated wire has been investigated in a range of ac current (I/sub ac/ = 0.2 to 20 mA) and frequency (f = 0.01 to 1 MHz). A maximum GMI ratio as high as around 150% is reported. The magnetoelastic behavior and in particular the influence of applied tensile and torsional stresses, has been analyzed in connection with GMI. From the applied stress dependence of the static field H/sub m/ at which the maximum impedance is observed, the values of induced anisotropy field (H/sub ind/ = 3.46 and 3.14 kA/m) and magnetostriction (/spl lambda//sub s/ = 1.42 and 1.59 /spl times/ 10/sup -6/) are determined.

The integrated knowledge in the application of mechanical engineering, microprocessor and electronic sensor technologies is becoming the basic skill of a modern engineer in machinery based processes. To meet this objective, we have developed a cross-disciplinary industrial training to teach essential hard technical and soft project skills to the mechanical engineering students in mid-curriculum. Ten groups of students were selected to participate in a 150 hour program. The students were required to design and build a robot with ability to follow tracks and pick/place target blocks in specific locations. The students were trained to integrate the knowledge of computer aid design, electronics, sensor theories and motor technology to fabricate a workable robot as a major outcome of this course. On completion of the project, students competed for top robot honors by demonstrating their robots' movements and performance in pick/place to a panel of judges.

SUMMARYWe retrospectively analysed the epidemiological data of all hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases from the largest paediatric infectious diseases centre in Shanghai between 2007 and 2010. A total of 28 058 outpatients were diagnosed with HFMD, of which 3948 (14·07%) were hospitalized, 730 (2·60%) had complications with neurological disorders and pulmonary oedema/haemorrhage, and 11 (0·04%) died. The peak season was the summer months. Boys were more affected than girls. Since 2008, the major population group affected has shifted from native Shanghainese children attending preschool to migrant children and younger children cared for at home. Children aged 1–4 years constituted 82·27% of cases. EV-A71 was tested in clinical samples taken from severe cases in 2009 and 2010, and from most inpatients in 2010. EV-A71 was positive in 99·17% and 86·31% of severe cases, respectively in 2009 and 2010. All 12 cases with pulmonary oedema or haemorrhage were infected with EV-A71. Ten (90·90%) of 11 fatal cases were attributable to EV-A71 infection. In 2010, EV-A71-positive cases accounted for 54·12% of inpatients. The dominant circulation of EV-A71 led to the outbreak of HFMD and occurrence of severe and fatal cases.

Analyze the drawbacks of common real-value negative selection algorithm applied on fault diagnosis, and the modified real-value negative selection algorithm is presented based on the corresponding innovations. Firstly, the fault detector set is partitioned into remember-detector set covering known-fault space and random-detector set covering unknown-fault space. Secondly, taking all known states including normal state as self set in training period, get the random-detector set through negative selection and distribution optimization. Lastly, in order to avoid ‘Fail to Alarm’ event caused by the Hole, the two-time-matching method is presented in detecting period which takes the normal state as self set. A resistance circuit fault diagnosis experiment shows that compared with the common real-value negative selection algorithm, the modified real-value negative algorithm can effectively avoid ‘Fail to Alarm’ event, and has higher diagnostic accuracy.

Background In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of the lymph node ratio (LNR), established a hypothetical tumor–ratio–metastasis (TRM) staging system and compared it with the 7th edition International Union Against Cancer pathological N (pN) and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) system. Patients and methods A total of 1343 gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 resection were staged using the TRM staging system and the 7th edition TNM system. Optimal cut points of LNR were calculated using X-tile software and validated by bootstrapping. Homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of gradients of the TRM and TNM systems were compared using linear trend χ2, likelihood ratio χ2 statistics, and Akaike information criterion (AIC) calculations. Results Optimal cut points classified patients into LNR0 (0%), LNR1 (1%–30%), LNR2 (31%–60%), and LNR3 (61%–100%) groups. In univariate, multivariate and stratified analyses, the LNR staging showed superiority to the 7th edition pN staging. The TRM staging system had higher linear trend and likelihood ratio χ2 scores and smaller AIC values compared with those for the TNM system, which represented the optimum prognostic stratification. Conclusions The novel TRM staging system predicts survival of gastric cancer more accurately than the 7th edition TNM system. It may be considered as an alternative to TNM system.

To investigate changes of density of platelet glycoprotein (GP) II b/III a receptor in the perioperative period of gastrectomy in aged rats.The subtotal gastrectomy operation was performed in 16 adult rats and 16 aged rats respectively. Platelet surface density of GP II b/III receptors were determined by flow cytometric analysis before and 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after operation.6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation, the density of GP II b/III a in aged group increased continuously compared with preoperative period (6h, 12, 72: P0.05; 24, 48: P0.01).Gastrectomy can lead to an increase of density of platelet GP II b/III a receptor in aged rats.