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Summary Satellite cells (SCs) reside in a dormant state during tissue homeostasis. The specific paracrine agents and niche cells that maintain SC quiescence remain unknown. We find that Wnt4 produced by the muscle fiber maintains SC quiescence through RhoA. Using cell-specific inducible genetics, we find that a Wnt4-Rho signaling axis constrains SC numbers and activation during tissue homeostasis in adult mice. Wnt4 activates Rho in quiescent SCs to maintain mechanical strain, restrict movement in the niche, and repress YAP. The induction of YAP upon disruption of RhoA is essential for SC activation under homeostasis. In the context of injury, the loss of Wnt4 from the niche accelerates SC activation and muscle repair, whereas overexpression of Wnt4 transitions SCs into a deeper state of quiescence and delays muscle repair. In conclusion, the SC pool undergoes dynamic transitions during early activation with changes in mechano-properties and cytoskeleton signaling preceding cell-cycle entry.

Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) has overtaken infection and immunological factors as the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The 2007 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline is a widely accepted guideline for the clinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Our study sought to verify its diagnostic ability in the Chinese population. Methods We included 773 patients with DM who underwent a renal biopsy at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2007 to 2016. All patients were divided into three groups according to their pathological findings: isolated DN, isolated NDRD, and DN combined with NDRD. Results Good sensitivity and poor specificity were found for the prediction of NDRD in the Chinese population. Rapidly decreasing estimated glomerular filtration rate, systemic disease, refractory hypertension, and the existence of “grey area” patients may have contributed to the poor diagnostic ability. Conclusions The diagnostic ability of the 2007 KDOQI guideline for DN and NDRD was unsatisfactory. The high sensitivity and low specificity of the guideline made it more suitable as screening criteria rather than as diagnostic criteria.

Comptes Rendus Palevol - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since samedi 21 mai 2016

Orthoferrites RFeO 3 (except R=Y, La and Lu) possess two sets of magnetic sublattice, that is, Fe3+ sub-system and R3+ sub-system. Magnetic properties and interactions between the two sub-systems including Fe-Fe, R-Fe, and R-R interactions depend on external parameters, such as temperature, magnetic field, etc.[1-3] So real magnetic materials can exhibt rich low temperature characteristics. We have successfully grown the orthoferrites RFeO 3 (R = Dy, Ho and Y) and Ho 1−x Y x FeO 3 (x = 0.1 and 0.3) by the floating zone technique using a four-mirror image furnace. The halogen lamp power and crystal growth atmosphere were identified to be the most important parameters. High-quality single crystals have been demonstrated by the X-ray diffraction data and X-ray Laue photograph. The magnetic transitions with decreasing temperature and the field-induced magnetic phase transitions in RFeO 3 for the rare earth ions and Fe3+ can be characterized by low-temperature magnetization and specific heat measurements. In addition, we report the low-temperature heat transport measurements of these orthoferrites single crystals to probe the magnetic properties and find that they show strong magnetic field dependence. The characteristic fields have a good correspondence with some transformations of the magnetic structure. These special behaviors demonstrate the magnetic field-induced transitions of the Fe3+ and R3+ spin structure.

A highly efficient approach to the synthesis of a series of pyrimido[b]azepines has been developed with 5-allyl-2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine as the starting material in six or seven steps via a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction. The absolute configuration of the key intermediate pyrimido[4,5-b]azepine was ascertained by X-ray crystal structure analysis.

Objective: The objective was to increase the understanding of vascular access in hemodialysis and evaluate hemodialysis-related anticoagulation treatments and the associated hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Materials and Methods: In this study, an epidemiological investigation was conducted in 1175 patients who underwent hemodialysis in seven blood purification centers in northern Chinese. The patients were divided into two groups based on the vascular access they used: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) group and central venous catheter (CVC) group. The similarities and differences of anticoagulation and hemorrhagic, thrombotic complications were compared between two groups. Results: Arteriovenous fistula was the most frequently used vascular access, and heparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant. Patients in CVC group experienced significantly greater rates of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration and had a higher rate in achieving thrombotic complications than those in AVF group. There were no significant differences in LMWH dosages in patients with thrombotic complications, as well as the proportion of patients who received anti-platelet drugs. Heparinized catheter lock solutions were excessively high in this study, which may lead to a risk of hemorrhage. Conclusion: Hemodialysis-related anticoagulation treatments in China require additional improvements, especially for the patients using CVC as vascular access. There is an urgent need to develop clinical evaluation studies of anticoagulation treatments for achieving more standardized and targeted treatments.

Summary Two studies have concluded that lithium exposure extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the effect of lithium on another widely used model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that chronic treatment with a low to moderate dose of lithium chloride does not extend lifespan in D. melanogaster and that the drug abolishes the female lifespan advantage in flies.

China's rise in recent years has exacerbated Vietnam–China security tensions over maritime disputes in the South China Sea. To manage its security competition with China, Vietnam has simultaneously improved its security cooperation with the United States while maintaining a safe distance from it, in efforts to reassure China. This article attempts to explore the dynamics of the Vietnam's security policy towards the United States and China in the Post-Cold War era. The authors find that the combinations of Vietnam's Post-Cold War security policy towards the United States and China are shaped by its concerns over regime security with respect to the primary threats of infiltration by US democratic norms and of excessive anti-Chinese nationalism. The relative levels of both these risks lead to various combinations of Vietnam's security policies vis-a-vis the United States and China.

This study screened current GFR evaluation equations that showed high accuracy for elderly populations and evaluated the applicability of these equations for an elderly Chinese population.A standard dual plasma sampling method (DPSM) of estimating 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid clearance was used to determine measured GFR (mGFR).Comprehensive information was received for a total of 151 elderly individuals, with a mean mGFR of 65.39 ± 24.19 ml/min/1.73 m2. For the overall samples, the accuracy (P30), bias, absolute bias and interquartile ranges (IQRs) of the CKD2 (cystatin C(CysC)-serum creatinine(SCr)), CKD-EPI(CysC-SCr), Cockcroft-Gault(CG), CKD2(CysC), CKD-EPI(CysC), and Hoek equations were superior to c-aGFR3, c-aGFR4 and Grubb equation, Bland-Altman analysis also demonstrated a consistent result. Among elderly subjects with mGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, the CKD2 (CysC-SCr) and CKD-EPI (CysC-SCr) equations showed significantly higher correlations and accuracy than the other examined equations. Among elderly subjects with mGFR60 ml/min/1.73 m2, only the CG equation showed an accuracy (P30) of greater than 70% and demonstrated higher precision than the other examined equations.For the elderly population, the CG, CKD2, CKD-EPI, and Hoek equations exhibited good accuracy. The CKD2(CysC-SCr) equation and CKD-EPI(CysC-SCr) equation demonstrated relatively high accuracy for evaluating elderly subjects with mGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, whereas the CG equation was more suitable for evaluating elderly subjects with mGFR60 ml/min/1.73 m2.

A series of 5-iodo-2-arylalkylthio-6-aryl pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones, which can be considered as S-DABO derivatives, have been synthesized and their antiviral effect on extracellular HBV DNA was evaluated using the HepAD38 cell system. Compounds 6d1 and 6e3 exhibited more potent anti-HBV activity than lamivudine with EC50 values of 0.376 μM and 0.469 μM, respectively. In addition, inhibition of intracellular HBV DNA, pgRNA, HBeAg and HBsAg of compounds 6d1 and 6e3 was examined to initially infer the action mechanism. RT-PCR analysis of pgRNA demonstrated that these new S-DABO analogues could not interfere with HBV transcription. TRFIA analysis revealed that compounds 6d1 and 6e3 effectively reduced the secretion of HBeAg. These results demonstrated that 5-iodo-2-arylalkylthio-6-aryl pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones possess anti-HBV abilities and could be used as potential agents against HBV infection with an additional merit of low cytotoxicity.

We investigated the boron isotopic composition in loess–paleosol sequences in five different profiles in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Three possible boron sources are identified: atmospheric input, carbonates, and weathered silicate rocks. Variations of [Sr], [B], δ11B and the magnetic susceptibility correlate well with the pedogenetic intensity in three out of the five studied profiles, where pedogenesis under a cold–dry climate indicates lower δ11B, lower [B], lower magnetic susceptibility and higher [Sr] values. Exceptions to the variations between the δ11B and other known proxies were observed in arenaceous soils and the Red Clay sequence: the former suggested that vertical redistribution probably occurred with the boron migration, and the latter indicated an unknown mechanism of susceptibility enhancement. A better correlation between the δ11B and magnetic susceptibility and the quantitative estimation of boron budget from each source confirms the influence of paleoenvironmental changes on boron geochemical cycle. Significant positive correlations in Sr/Ca vs. B/Ca and Mg/Ca vs. B/Ca reflect consistent enrichment behavior of those mobile elements into calcium carbonate. The preliminary results imply that boron isotopic compositions in soils can be a potential geochemical proxy to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes in loess–paleosol sequences.

OBJECTIVES The relationship between the decline of renal function and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy populations is not well-researched. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the age-related decline in renal function and lumbar spine BMD (LBMD) in a community-based cross-sectional study of 390 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 62.97 ± 8.79 years) from Shenyang, China. METHODS Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure LBMD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using a modified Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for Asians and the CKD-EPI serum creatinine-cystatin c equation. Pearson's correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS The eGFR-ASIA and eGFR-Scys were positively correlated with LBMD (r = 0.120 and r = 0.108, respectively). After adjustments for numerous potential confounders, the odds ratio for participants with LBMD decline in eGFR-ASIA quartile 3 group and 4 group were 2.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-5.38, P

Biological age (BA) has been proposed to evaluate the aging status in an objective way instead of chronological age (CA). The purpose of our study is to construct a more precise formula of BA in the cross-sectional study based on a largest-ever sample of our studies. This formula aims at better evaluation of body function and exploring the disciplines of aging in different genders and age stages. A total of 1,373 healthy Chinese Han (age range, 19-93 years) were recruited from five cities in China, including 581 males and 792 females. Physical examination, blood routine, blood chemistry, and other lab tests were performed to obtain a total of 74 clinical variables. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to select variables and estimate BA. The BA formula was further validated in a population with some diseases (n=266), including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, kidney diseases, pulmonary diseases, cancer and disorders in nervous system. The BA formula was constructed as follows: BA = 0.358 (pulse pressure) + 0.258 (trail making test)–11.552 (mitral valve E/A peak) + 26.383 (minimum intima-media thickness) + 31.965 (Cystatin C) + 0.163 (CA)–3.902. In validation of the formula, BAs of patients were older than those of healthy persons. The BA accelerates faster in the middle-aged population than in the elderly population (>75 years old). This BA formula can reflect health condition changes of aging better than CA in a Chinese Han population.

We compared the performance of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging (RDI), the MDRD equation, and the CKD EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A total of 551 subjects, including CKD patients and healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Dual plasma sample clearance method of 99mTc-DTPA was used as the true value for GFR (tGFR). RDI and the MDRD and CKD EPI equations for estimating GFR were compared and evaluated. Data indicate that RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR and CKD EPI overestimated GFR. RDI was associated with significantly higher bias than the MDRD and CKD EPI equations. The regression coefficient, diagnostic precision, and consistency of RDI were significantly lower than either equation. RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR to a greater degree in subjects with tGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared with the results obtained from all subjects. In the tGFR60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 group, the precision of RDI was significantly lower than that of both equations. In the tGFR30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 group, RDI had the least bias, the most precision, and significantly higher accuracy compared with either equation. In tGFR

The fossil evidence of hominins in China is crucial to understand the human evolution and dispersal in Eurasia. However, the dating of Chinese Early and Middle Pleistocene hominin record remains a serious problem. In this study, we applied coupled ESR/U-series dating method on Bailongdong hominin cave site in Hubei Province, central China, which is a key area to study early human migration between South and North China. The U-series analyses show that the fossil teeth samples from three horizons are close or beyond equilibrium, which indicate very early uptake or potential loss of uranium. Single saturation exponential fitting of 10 dose points irradiated up to 4 kGy was used for DE determination except one by double saturation exponential fitting with 16 dose points up to 63 kGy. Calculated by two uranium migration models, we obtain a weighted mean age of 509 ± 16 ka for five fossil teeth from layer 2. Combined with cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/10Be burial dating carried out on the cave deposits beneath the fossil layers in previous study, the multi-methods dating study places Bailongdong site at the early stage of Middle Pleistocene, and pinpoints the deposition of the fossil remains to the time of marine isotope stages 13. This is in agreement with the fauna composition and sedimentary characteristics which show a subtropical-tropical warm forest-grass environment. The multi-methods dating of Bailongdong site by both cosmogenic and coupled ESR/U-series methods is a good example for the future chronological studies of early human sites in China.

Objective To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro performance of a China-made dialysis machine (SWS-4000). Methods This was a multi-center prospective controlled study consisting of both long-term in vitro evaluations and cross-over in vivo tests in 132 patients. The China-made SWS-4000 dialysis machine was compared with a German-made dialysis machine (Fresenius 4008) with regard to Kt/V values, URR values, and dialysis-related adverse reactions in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, as well as the ultrafiltration rate, the concentration of electrolytes in the proportioned dialysate, the rate of heparin injection, the flow rate of the blood pump, and the rate of malfunction. Results The Kt/V and URR values at the 1st and 4th weeks of dialysis as well as the incidence of adverse effects did not differ between the two groups in cross-over in vivo tests (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the error values of the ultrafiltration rate, the rate of heparin injection or the concentrations of electrolytes in the proportioned dialysate at different time points under different parameter settings. At weeks 2 and 24, with the flow rate of the blood pump set at 300 mL/min, the actual error of the SWS-4000 dialysis machine was significantly higher than that of the Fresenius 4008 dialysis machine (P 0.05). The malfunction rate was higher in the SWS-4000 group than in the Fresenius 4008 group (P

International audience; Depuis le début des années 2000, des travaux portant sur la chronologie des premiers peuplements humains de Chine par les méthodes de la résonance de spin électronique (ESR) sur quartz sédimentaires et de la résonance de spin électronique couplée à l’uranium-thorium (ESR/U-Th) sur dents ont été menés en collaboration par des équipes françaises et chinoises sur quelques sites archéologiques ou géologiques chinois : Yunxian, Dali, Tangshan, Zongwei, Nihewan, Longgupo et plusieurs sites à giganthopithèques du Guangxi. Après une présentation rapide des méthodes de datation utilisées, quelques-uns des résultats majeurs obtenus dans le cadre de cette collaboration sont succinctement présentés et discutés.

Partial correlation and regression analyses were used in this study. We showed that there is a linear relationship between bone mineral density and serum uric acid within the normal physiologic range, and higher serum uric acid levels had a protective effect on bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The significance of the relationship between lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels is unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate on a population-level the association between lumbar BMD and SUA within the normal physiologic range and to determine whether SUA plays a protective role in bone loss in healthy postmenopausal Chinese women. This was a community-based cross-sectional study involving 390 healthy postmenopausal women, 47–89 years of age, conducted in Shenyang, China. The BMD was measured at the lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The SUA levels were obtained at each DXA visit. Partial correlation and regression analyses were applied to determine the associations. The SUA levels were significantly different between the normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. The lumbar BMD was positively correlated with SUA in postmenopausal women after adjustment for age (r = 0.212). After adjustment for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hip circumference, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, milk intake, physical exercise, fracture history, total protein, total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, serum calcium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the lumbar BMD was associated with SUA and the odds ratio of the third SUA quartile was 0.408 (95%CI, 0.198–0.841, P = 0.015), compared to the first quartile of SUA levels. The lumbar BMD was linearly associated with SUA levels within the normal physiologic range of postmenopausal women. Higher SUA levels had a protective effect on bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

ABO blood types are putatively associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but it is not proved in Chinese people. A large population of Han Chinese patients discharged from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2010 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed in a case-control study. A total of 1412 VTE patients were identified from 200,660 discharged Han Chinese patients, including 600 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 441 patients with pulmonary embolism, and 371 patients with both DVT and pulmonary embolism. The prevalence of non-O blood type was weakly but statistically higher in VTE patients compared with 199,248 non-VTE patients, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.362 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.205–1.540). Subgroup analysis showed that the OR for non-O blood type was still increased. It was greater in pre-hospital VTE (OR = 1.464) than that in hospital-acquired VTE (OR = 1.224), and greater in unprovoked VTE (OR = 1.859) than that in provoked VTE (OR = 1.227). The OR for non-O blood type decreased with age in subgroup analysis. These results suggest a weak but statistically significant correlation between non-O blood type and risk of VTE in Han Chinese people.

Objectives Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation. This study presents the characteristics of PS in adult patients, including pulmonary function and concurrent infection, which have not been well documented previously. Methods Patients ≥16 years old with a discharge diagnosis of PS from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Age, sex, clinical symptoms, chest computed tomography (CT) results, results of pulmonary function tests, diagnostic methods, type and localization of sequestration, origin of arterial supply, complications due to infection and treatment information were retrieved from hospital records and analysed. Results Seventy-two patients were included in this study (mean age 36.6 ± 11.8 years). Clinical symptoms included cough, expectoration, haemoptysis, intermittent fever and chest pain. The most common CT findings were soft tissue opacity, cystic lesion, cavitary lesion and bronchiectasis. Intralobar and extralobar sequestrations were present in 92.8 and 7.2% of the patients, respectively. PS located in the left lower lobe was 2.1 times more frequent than that in the right lower lobe. PS was diagnosed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) in only 37.5% of patients; the remaining patients were undiagnosed before surgery. Obstructive ventilation dysfunction was found in 8.8% of patients. Pulmonary aspergillosis was detected in 9.7% of patients, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the leading pathogen (as determined by tissue cultures). PS was resected via thoracotomy in 87.0% of patients and via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in 13.0%. Conclusions PS is a rare disease, and missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are very common in PS patients. CTA and other angiography techniques should be used when there is suspicion of PS. Some PS patients have mild to moderate derangement of pulmonary ventilation, and PS might be associated with concurrent aspergillosis. VATS and posterolateral thoracotomy are both feasible methods for PS resection.

The nature and variability of Chinese Paleolithic culture remain unclear because the method of studying lithic industries has been essentially typological, and few regions have been intensively researched. A technological and techno-functional methodology provides a new perspective for exploring the cognitive modes of hominids and interpreting the intra and inter-regional homogeneity and variability of Paleolithic cultures. Over the last few decades, numerous Paleolithic sites with stone artifacts were excavated in the Hanshui River Valley. Based on a new methodology and recent discoveries, this paper reviews the Paleolithic sites of the Hanshui River Valley and studies representative industries to investigate regional lithic production and human behaviors. In terms of operative schemes, debitage and faconnage coexisted at nearly all sites and showed continuity and stability throughout the Pleistocene. For debitage, the Type C was present in nearly all sites. For faconnage, operative scheme 1 (unifacially-knapped on matrix of simple bevel) was predominant. The operative schemes of both debitage and faconnage were extremely similar in that great emphasis was placed on the selection of natural technical characters rather than on intentional preparation. For inter-regional variability, the percentage of bifaces was much lower (

National Natural Science Foundation of China [41202127, 41072122]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [1082020904]; CAS [XDA05130201]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-BR-24]

Objectives To investigate the relationship between telomere length in peripheral blood white cells and cardiovascular function in a healthy, aging Han Chinese population. Methods In 2012, peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 139 healthy individuals in Beijing, China, and telomere restriction fragment (TRF) length was assayed using a digoxigenin-labeled hybridization probe in Southern blot assays. Indicators of cardiovascular function were also evaluated, including electrocardiograms (ECG), (RR, P, PR, QRS, ST and T intervals); blood pressure (BP), (SBP, DBP, PP, PPI); cardiovascular ultrasound (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF); mitral early and late diastolic peak flow velocity (MVE and MVA); and lipid indices (TC, TG, HDL, LDL, LCI). The relationships of these cardiovascular indictors to telomere length were evaluated. Results No correlations were found between telomere length and ECG, BP or lipid indices even after adjustment for age. Correlations were found between TFR length and some cardiovascular ultrasound indictors (D, MVEA, MVEDT, MVES, MVEL, MVEI, IMT), but these were not seen after adjusting for age. Conclusions We did not find that leukocyte TFR length was associated with cardiovascular ultrasound indictors, ECG, BP, or lipid indices in this population of healthy Han Chinese individuals. Telomere length may serve as a genetic factor in biological aging.

Certain gene polymorphisms are associated with human aging. This study investigated polymorphisms of a metabolism-related gene, Klotho, and an inflammatory gene, IL6, for association with the aging process in a healthy Han Chinese population. A total of 482 healthy subjects were recruited and divided into aging and young groups according to chronological age and biological age. Snapshots were used to detect a Klotho gene tag SNP (rs571118) and the F-SNPs rs9536314 (F352V) and rs9527025 (C370S), and an interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene tag SNP (rs1524107) and the F-SNPs rs1800795 (-174G/C) and rs1800796 (-572G/C). Klotho F352V and IL-6-174G/C was G homozygous, C370S was T homozygous while IL-6-572G/C MAF less than 5%. There was a statistically significant difference in the Klotho rs571118 SNP between chronological age groups, but not biological age groups. However, other SNPs, including IL-6 gene SNPs, didn't correlate with age in the Han Chinese population. Human aging is a complex process that includes chronological and biological aging. Our current data showed that Klotho gene rs571118 SNP was associated with chronological aging, but not biological aging, in a Han Chinese population. Further study will investigate genetic build up for the difference between chronological and biological aging.

Pulmonary hypertension has been recognized as being associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might reduce pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients; however, evidence from clinical studies is limited and inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to assess whether CPAP is associated with a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with OSA. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Published studies were identified through a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library through to May 2013. Two reviewers sorted papers and extracted data. A random-effects model was used to combine results across studies comparing pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients before and after CPAP treatment. Six articles with 181 patients were included in this meta-analysis, including five before-after studies and one matched-control study. The meta-analysis showed that CPAP was associated with a statistically significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressure in OSA patients (standardized mean difference −1.34, 95% confidence interval: −2.33 to −0.34, P = 0.009). Although this meta-analysis has some limitations, it indicates that CPAP is associated with a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with OSA.

Two polyketides were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. sk14JW2P, and one derivative with a modified structure. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, the structure of the compound 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and its absolute configuration was determined. Compound 1 and 2 showed acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 12±0.3 and 79±2 nM, respectively.

Background The aims of the present study were to validate the differential diagnostic model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) established in 2003 and to establish a new diagnostic model suitable for the current clinical characteristics of DN. Methods We examined 200 patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent kidney biopsy from 2004 to 2012. The 2003 differential diagnostic model based on the data collected from 1993 to 2003 was evaluated by the diagnostic test and changes in the clinical differentiation parameters of DN and NDRD were analyzed. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis were applied. Results The 2003 diagnostic model showed an accuracy of 77.5%. A significantly elevated incidence of hematuria, longer history of diabetes, and reduced level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were observed in the DN group from 2004 to 2012 compared with DN group from 1993 to 2003. Histories of diabetes mellitus (Dm), systolic blood pressure (Bp), HbA1c (Gh), hematuria (Hu), diabetic retinopathy (Dr), and hemoglobin (Hb) are independently related to DN. Thus, a new diagnostic model was constructed as follows: PDN = exp (0.846 + 0.022 Dm + 0.033Bp + 2.050 Gh–2.664 Hu–0.078 Hb + 2.942Dr)/[1 + exp (0.846 + 0.022 Dm + 0.033 Bp + 2.050 Gh–2.664 Hu–0.078 Hb + 2.942 Dr)].Validation tests determined that the accuracy of the new model were 90.9%. Conclusions Changes in people with DN, clinical characteristics have reduced the diagnostic efficacy of the 2003 diagnostic model. The newly established model can provide a better, more current differentiation between DN and NDRD. 摘要 背景：本研究旨在对2003年建立的糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy，DN）和非糖尿病性肾脏疾病（non-diabetic renal diseases，NDRD）的鉴别诊断模型进行验证，并建立适用于目前DN临床特性的诊断模型。 方法：纳入2004–2012年行肾穿刺活检的2型糖尿病合并肾损害患者200例。采用诊断性试验对2003年建立的诊断模型进行验证并对1993–2003年和2004–2012年DN和NDRD鉴别参数的临床变迁进行分析。logistic回归分析、ROC曲线、净重新分类指数（net reclassification improvement，NRI），整体鉴别指数（integrated discrimination improvement，IDI）分析用于新模型的建立及评价。 结果：2003年诊断模型的准确率为77.5%。与1993–2003年相比，2004–2012年的DN患者血尿发生率的明显升高、糖尿病病史显著延长、血糖控制明显改善。糖尿病病史（Dm）、收缩压（Bp）、糖化血红蛋白（Gh）、血尿（Hu）、糖尿病视网膜病变（Dr）、血红蛋白（Hb）与DN诊断独立相关。以此建立的新模型如下：PDN + exp (0.864+0.022 Dm+0.033 Bp+2.050Gh–2.664Hu–0.078 Hb+2.942Dr)]/[1+exp(0.864+0.022 Dm+0.033 Bp+2.050 Gh–2.664 Hu–0.078 Hb+2.942 Dr)]。诊断性试验测得该模型的准确率为90.9%。 结论：DN人群的临床特征较过去相比有较大变迁，造成2003年诊断模型诊断效能下降。新建立的方程能够更好和更准确地对目前的DN和NDRD进行鉴别。

The outcome of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in adults with nephrotic-range proteinuria and decreased renal function has seldom been described and the predictive value of pathological features is debated. This study aimed to describe the clinical course of this patient subgroup and to identify independently predictive pathological features. We evaluated 129 adults with biopsy-proven IMN diagnosed from 2002 to 2011. All patients had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2–4 and nephrotic-range proteinuria (≥3.5 g/day). Primary outcomes were a 20 or 50 % decline in renal function, progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or all-cause mortality. Of 129 patients, 38 (30 %) presented with proteinuria ≥8.0 g/day and 37 (29 %) with CKD stages 3–4. Thirteen (10 %) presented with segmental sclerosis, 97 (75 %) with arteriosclerosis, 42 (33 %) with moderate-to-severe tubulointerstitial injury, and 86 (67 %) with C3 deposition. Over a median follow-up of 34 months (range 12–135), 51 patients (40 %) had a 20 % decline in renal function, 27 (21 %) a 50 % decline, 14 (11 %) developed ESRD, and 19 (15 %) died. Segmental sclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury but not arteriosclerosis or C3 deposition were independent risk factors for 20 and 50 % renal function decline and progression to ESRD. Segmental sclerosis and tubulointerstitial injury predict renal outcomes independent of clinical data in nephrotic IMN patients with decreased renal function.

Eight new Palaeolithic open-air sites were identified and 770 stone artefacts were collected from 2009 to 2011 in the Lantian area of the Bahe River valley, central China. Because the famous Homo erectus fossils were unearthed at the Gongwangling and Chenjiawo localities, and more than 30 Palaeolithic open-air sites were investigated in the 1960s in this region, the catchment of Bahe River is regarded as one of the most important hominin sites from the late early Pleistocene to the middle Pleistocene. These eight newly discovered open-air sites are located at the second (n = 6), third (n = 1) or higher terraces (n = 1) of the Bahe River. The Diaozhai section on the second terrace was sampled in detail. Two samples were collected for optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL). The OSL results suggest that a buried lithic artefact layer at the Diaozhai site spans approximately 70–30 ka. The lithic assemblage analysis suggests that the stone artefacts were made of local pebbles/cobbles such as greywacke, quartz, sandstone and igneous rocks. The main percussion techniques that were used were direct hard hammer percussion and bi-polar techniques. The lithic artefacts comprise hammer stones, cores, flakes, retouched tools and flaking debris. Acheulian-type large cutting tools (LCTs) such as hand-axes, picks and cleavers were indentified in the Lantian region as well. This is the first time Acheulian-type LCTs from the late Pleistocene have been identified in this region. This study distinguishes age gaps between Western world and East Asian Acheulian-type tools.

IntroductionStarting dialysis early or late both result in a low quality of life and a poor prognosis in patients undergoing haemodialysis. However, there remains no consensus on the optimal timing of dialysis initiation, mainly because of a lack of suitable methods to assess variations in dialysis initiation time. We have established a novel equation named DIFE (Dialysis Initiation based on Fuzzy-mathematics Equation) through a retrospective, multicentre clinical cohort study in China to determine the most suitable timing of dialysis initiation. The predictors of the DIFE include nine biochemical markers and clinical variables that together influence dialysis initiation. To externally validate the clinical accuracy of DIFE, we designed the assessment of DIFE (ADIFE) study as a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical outcomes among patients who initiate dialysis in an optimal start dialysis group and a late-start dialysis group, based on DIFE.Methods and analysisA total of 388 enrolled patients with end-stage renal disease will be randomised 1:1 to the optimal start dialysis group, with a DIFE value between 30 and 35, or the late-start dialysis group, with a DIFE value less than 30, using the Randomization and Trial Supply Management system. Participants will be assessed for changes in signs and symptoms, dialysis mode and parameters, biochemical and inflammatory markers, Subjective Global Assessment, Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, Cognitive Assessment, medical costs, adverse events and concomitant medication at baseline, predialysis visiting stage and postdialysis visiting stage, every 12–24 weeks. The following data will be recorded on standardised online electronic case report forms. The primary endpoint is 3-year all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints include non-fatal cerebrocardiovascular events, annual hospitalisation rate, quality of life, medical costs and haemodialysis related complications.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University China (registration no: YJ-KY-2017–119) and the ethics committees of all participating centres. The final results of the ADIFE trial will be presented to the study sponsor, clinical researchers and the patient and public involvement reference group. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, Clinical Practice Guidelines and at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberClinicalTrial.gov. Registry (NCT03385902); pre-results.

Organic polymer solar materials are shown to exhibit better solubility in mixed solvents than in pure ones, which affects the performance of their solar cells. In this article, poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) are used as active layer materials in solar cells. To optimize the performance of these active materials, the ratio of chloroform (CF) to chlorobenzene used as solvents to dissolve PCDTBT, and PC71BM is varied, which is shown to affect power conversion efficiency (PCE). The solar cell that shows the best performance with a PCE as high as 6.82 % is produced using a volume ratio of CF to chlorobenzene of 1:1.

Objectives: Data regarding hypertension in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains limited. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension in elderly adults with CKD using data from a nationwide survey. Design: A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study with a large sample. Setting: The Survey of Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment Rates in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hypertension in China (PATRIOTIC). Participants: Participants in PATRIOTIC (aged ?60; n = 2,414). Measurements: Trained physicians measured blood pressure (BP) using a standard protocol with a mercury sphygmomanometer at the time of admission. Results: The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in elderly adults with CKD were 82.0%, 90.7%, and 87.3%, respectively. The control of hypertension at BP less than 140/90 mmHg was 29.6% and at BP less than 130/80 mmHg it was 12.1%. No significant differences were noted in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, or control of hypertension in individuals with CKD divided into the age groups of 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and 80 and older (P > .05). With increasing age, the proportion of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly adults with CKD with uncontrolled hypertension increased (P = .02). Obesity (P = .01), CKD Stages 4 and 5 (P < .001), and concomitant diabetes mellitus (P = .002) were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension in elderly adults with CKD, using the goal of BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in elderly adults in China with CKD is high, and its control is poor. Most elderly adults with CKD with uncontrolled hypertension have systolic hypertension. Obesity, CKD Stages 4 and 5, and diabetes mellitus were adversely associated with greater uncontrolled hypertension in elderly adults with CKD.

Xylanthraquinone (1), a new anthraquinone, along with three known compounds, altersolanol A (2), deoxybostrycin (3) and bostrycin (4) was isolated from the fungus Xylaria sp. 2508 from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were identified by NMR experiments, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. Compounds 1–4 did not show inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B (IC50 values more than 100 μM).

Arigsugacin I (1), a new α-pyrone meroterpene, along with two known compounds, arigsugacins F (2) and territrem B (3), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. sk5GW1L from Kandelia candel. Their structures were identified through mass spectrometry and NMR experiments, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was further confirmed by low-temperature (100 K) single crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was first reported by using X-ray copper radiation. Compounds 1–3 showed inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.08 µM, 0.37 ± 0.11 µM, and 7.03 ± 0.20 nM, respectively.

The ESR dating method requires to describe the evolution of the ESR signal intensities vs. increasing gamma doses, then to extrapolate the equivalent dose of radiation received by the sample since its deposition using mathematical fitting. The function classically used to describe the growth curves of ESR aluminium signal in quartz was recently discussed and challenged for Lower Pleistocene sediments. In the present work, some alluvial sediments sampled in Upper Pleistocene fluvial terraces of the Yellow River system (China) permit us to test the application of another extrapolation function (linear + exponential) recently proposed for Lower Pleistocene sediments. The equivalent doses obtained here for the recent deposits of the Yellow River system and the corresponding ages are promising and indicate the potential of ESR to date quartz deposits from Upper Pleistocene times.

The mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in acute kidney injury remains uncertain. Previous studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cells could attenuate inflammation-related organ injury by induction of regulatory T cells. Whether regulatory T-cell induction is a potential mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic acute kidney injury and how these induced regulatory T cells orchestrate local inflammation are unknown. Here we found that mesenchymal stem cells decrease serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, improve tubular injury, and downregulate IFN-γ production of T cells in the ischemic kidney. In addition to the lung, mesenchymal stem cells persisted mostly in the spleen. Mesenchymal stem cells increased the percentage of regulatory T cells in the spleen and the ischemic kidney. Antibody-dependent depletion of regulatory T cells blunted the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells, while coculture of splenocytes with mesenchymal stem cells caused an increase in the percentage of regulatory T cells. Splenectomy abrogated attenuation of ischemic injury, and downregulated IFN-γ production and the induction of regulatory T cells by mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate ischemic acute kidney injury by inducing regulatory T cells through interactions with splenocytes. Accumulated regulatory T cells in ischemic kidney might be involved in the downregulation of IFN-γ production.

In northern China, environmental changes in the transitional zone from the sandy desert to the loess plateau have been regarded as an important issue in the understanding of climate changes and the remains of hominin activities found in this zone provide a solid line of evidence to support the reconstruction of environmental conditions during the late Pleistocene. In 2006, many stone artifacts were collected on the surface in the southeastern Tengger Desert, Northern China. The Tengger lithic assemblage is correlated to the Late Middle to Early Upper Paleolithic stage and with the typical and extensively investigated Shuidonggou site some 140 km north–east of the Tengger localities. In order to evaluate both the age and the environmental conditions prevailing during human occupation despite the lack of associated stratigraphies, we have tried to place the Tengger localities into the Late Pleistocene climatic framework using the available published data provided by Mu Us Desert sand–loess sections and records of Tengger paleolake levels, respectively eastwards and westwards from the newly discovered localities. Additionally, an unpublished sand–loess section was studied by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) near Zhongwei city, around 170 km to the south. All the data suggests that the optimal time for hominin activity in the Tengger Desert would have been from 42 to 22 ka, during a period of relatively humid conditions when the climate of the area was governed by the strengthened summer East Asian monsoon.

Dating middle Pleistocene hominin occupations alongside the reconstruction of paleoenvironments in China between 700 and 100 ka has always been a challenging task. In this paper, we report thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) dating results for a Middle Paleolithic site in the Luonan Basin, central China, which we have named Longyadong Cave. The results suggest that the age of cave infilling and the deposition of sediments outside the cave range between 389 ± 18 and 274 ± 14 ka. These deposits are stratigraphically and geochronologically correlated with the L4 loess and S3 paleosol units of the typical loess–paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 10 to 9, respectively. On the basis of these new ages and the available paleoenvironmental data, it is suggested that the Longyadong hominins might have occupied the site both in glacial and interglacial periods, demonstrating that they coped well with environmental change in this mountainous region in warm/wet and cold/dry climates. The study further implies that the hominins abandoned the Longyadong Cave between 274 ± 14 and 205 ± 19 ka, when it was sealed by alluvial and slope deposits.

Whether changes in internal body environment affect kidney aging remains unclear. Specifically, it is unknown whether transplanted kidneys from older donors recover from tissue damage after placement in younger recipients. In this study, a parabiosis animal model was established to investigate the effects of a young internal body environment on aged kidneys. The animals were divided into six groups: young (Ycon) and old control (Ocon) groups, isochronic youth-youth group (Y-IP), elderly-elderly group (O-IP), and heterochronic youth (Y-HP) and elderly (O-HP) groups. After parabiosis, tubule and interstitial tissue scores in the O-HP group were significantly lower than in the Ocon and O-IP groups. The expression of aging-related protein p16 and SA-β-gal in the O-HP group was significantly reduced compared with the Ocon and O-IP groups. Autophagy factors Atg5 and LC3BII were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression of the autophagic degradation marker (P62) was significantly downregulated in the O-HP group compared with the Ocon and O-IP groups. With the same comparison, the positive cells of TUNEL staining and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly reduced, whereas the total/cleaved caspase-3 and total/pNF-κB were significantly increased in the O-HP group. The results demonstrated that a young blood environment significantly reduces kidney aging. These findings provide new evidence supporting an increase in the upper age limit for human kidney transplantation donors.

This article reviews low-temperature heat transport studies of spin-gapped quantum magnets in the last few decades. Quantum magnets with small spins and low dimensionality exhibit a variety of novel phenomena. Among them, some systems are char-acteristic of having quantum-mechanism spin gap in their magnetic excitation spectra, including spin-Peierls systems, S = 1 Haldane chains, S = 1/2 spin ladders, and spin dimmers. In some particular spin-gapped systems, the XY-type antiferromagnetic state induced by magnetic field that closes the spin gap can be described as a magnon Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Heat transport is effective in probing the magnetic excitations and magnetic phase transitions, and has been extensively studied for the spin-gapped systems. A large and ballistic spin thermal conductivity was observed in the two-leg Heisenberg S = 1/2 ladder compounds. The characteristic of magnetic thermal transport of the Haldane chain systems is quite controversial on both the theoretical and experimental results. For the spin-Peierls system, the spin excitations can also act as heat carriers. In spin-dimer compounds, the magnetic excitations mainly play a role of scattering phonons. The magnetic excitations in the magnon BEC systems displayed dual roles, carrying heat or scattering phonons, in different materials., 30 pages, 23 figures, invited review for Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron

The GDF11 expression pattern and its effect on organ regeneration after acute injury in the elderly population are highly controversial topics. In our study, GDF11/8 expression increased after kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and the relatively lower level of GDF11/8 in the kidneys of aged mice was associated with a loss of proliferative capacity and a decline in renal repair, compared to young mice. In vivo, GDF11 supplementation in aged mice increased vimentin and Pax2 expression in the kidneys as well as the percentage of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive proximal tubular epithelial cells. GDF11 improved the renal repair, recovery of renal function, and survival of elderly mice at 72 h after IRI. Moreover, the addition of recombinant GDF11 to primary renal epithelial cells increased proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation by upregulating the ERK1/2 pathway in vitro. Our study indicates that GDF11/8 in the kidney decreases with age and that GDF11 can increase tubular cell dedifferentiation and proliferation as well as improve tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury (AKI) in old mice.

Aiming at the limited effectiveness of current clinical therapeutic effect of AIDS, novel series of compounds bearing (E)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl sulfone (or sulfoxide) and anilide fragments were designed and synthesized as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 CCR5/IN. The biological results indicated that several target compounds showed inhibitory activity against HIV-1 Bal (R5) infection in TZM-bl cells. Besides targeting the chemokine receptor on the host cell surface, they also displayed binding affinities with HIV-1 integrase using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assays. Molecular docking studies have inferred the possible binding mode of target compounds against integrase. These data demonstrate that the structure of (E)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl sulfone and sulfoxide derivatives have the potential to derive potent dual inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase and CCR5.

Background: The efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with clopidogrel, leflunomide, or both drugs for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) are unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with clopidogrel, leflunomide, or both drugs for IgAN. Methods: It is a multicenter, prospective, double-dummy randomized controlled trial. Primary IgAN patients were recruited in 13 renal units across Beijing, China, from July 2010 to June 2012. After a 4-week telmisartan (80 mg/d) wash-in, 400 patients continuing on 80 mg/d telmisartan were randomly assigned to additionally receive placebo (Group A), 50 mg/d clopidogrel (Group B), 20 mg/d leflunomide (Group C), or 50 mg/d clopidogrel and 20 mg/d leflunomide (Group D). The 24-week intervention was completed by 360 patients. The primary endpoint was change in 24-h proteinuria at 24 weeks. A linear mixed-effect model was used to analyze the changes at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate changes in hematuria grade. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Results: The effects of telmisartan combined with leflunomide on changes in proteinuria (0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.55] g/d, P < 0.001), in serum uric acid (76.96 [95% CI 57.44–96.49] μmol/L, P < 0.001), in serum creatinine (9.49 [95% CI 6.54–12.44] μmol/L, P < 0.001), and in estimated glomerular filtration rate (−6.72 [95% CI −9.46 to −3.98] ml∙min−1∙1.73 m−2, P < 0.001) were statistically significant, whereas they were not statistically significant on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and weight (P > 0.05). Telmisartan combined with clopidogrel had no statistical effect on any outcome, and there was no interaction between the interventions. No obvious adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions: Telmisartan combined with leflunomide, not clopidogrel, is safe and effective for decreasing proteinuria in certain IgAN patients. Trial Registration: chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-TRC-10000776; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=8760.

Background/Aims: Individuals possessing a single kidney are at greater risk of renal injury upon exposure to harmful stimuli. This study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of renal injury in glomerulonephritis with versus without unilateral nephrectomy (UNX). Methods: Histological analysis and label-free quantitative proteomics were performed on two models—the Habu snake venom-induced glomerulonephritis model with versus without UNX (HabuU and Habu models, respectively). The role of villin 1, a differentially expressed protein (DEP) in mouse mesangial cells, was investigated. Results: Persistent mesangiolysis and focal hypercellularity together with reduced activation of cell proliferation in the HabuU model induced more serious renal injury compared with that in the Habu model. The DEPs between the two models were identified by label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The KEGG pathway results indicated that regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion were specifically enriched in the HabuU model. The cytoskeleton regulation protein villin 1 was downregulated in the HabuU model, but unchanged in the Habu model. Knockdown of villin 1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells, suggesting villin 1 to be involved in qlomerular lesion self-repair insufficiency. Conclusion: By assessing the proteomic profiles of the two models, this study identified several important differences, particularly villin 1 expression, in regulatory mechanisms between the two models. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of serious renal injury in glomerulonephritis with UNX.

Renal aging is always accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be up-regulated by 50% dietary restriction (DR) for 7-day and can block mitochondrial oxidative stress. H2S production exerts a critical role in yeast, worm and fruit fly models of DR-mediated longevity. In this study, we found that renal aging could be attenuated by 30% DR for 6-month (DR-6M) and life-long (DR-LL), but not for 6-week (DR-6W). The expressions of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine-β- synthase (CBS) were improved by DR-6M and DR-LL. Endogenous H2S production shared the same trend with CBS and CGL, while glutathione (GSH) didn’t. When comparing efficiencies of DR for different durations, more evident production of H2S was found in DR-6M and DR-LL than in DR-6W. Finally the level of oxidative stress was improved by DR-6M and DR-LL rather than by DR-6W. It concluded that aged rats had the ability to produce enough H2S on 30% DR interventions protecting against renal aging and the effect of DR for long-term were more significant than that of DR for short-term.