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To analyze the perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing LT due to BDI in a tertiary care center.BDI is associated with significant morbidity and long-term impact on quality of life. LT represents the only possibility of a cure in patients with BDI who develop SBC.Retrospective cohort study from a prospective LT database. Between 2008 and 2019, patients with SBC due to BDI after cholecystectomy and requiring LT were identified. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were analyzed.Among 354 LT, 12 patients underwent LT to treat post-cholecystectomy BDI and accounted for 3.4% of all LT. The median time from BDI to SBC diagnosis was 9.3 years (2.4-14). The mean time from SBC to inclusion on the waitlist was 2.4years (± 2.2). Postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients (91.6%); mainly infectious (9/12 patients, 75%), followed by renal complications (4/12 patients, 33.3%). Only 2 patients developed major complications, which were the patients who died, resulting in a 90-day mortality of 16.7%. After a mean follow-up of 40.3 months (± 42.2) survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 83%.Although BDI is an unusual indication for LT worldwide, it accounted for 3.4% of all LT in our center. Although postoperative mortality remains high, LT is the only possibility of a cure, with acceptable long-term outcomes. Early referral to a tertiary care center is essential to avoid long-term complications of BDI, such as SBC.

In data mining, Frequent Itemsets Mining is a technique used in several domains with notable results. However, the large volume of data in modern datasets increases the processing time of Frequent Itemset Mining algorithms, making them unsuitable for many real-world applications. Accordingly, proposing new methods for Frequent Itemset Mining to obtain frequent itemsets in a realistic amount of time is still an open problem. A successful alternative is to employ hardware acceleration using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGA). In this article, a comprehensive review of the state of the art of Frequent Itemsets Mining hardware acceleration is presented. Several approaches (FPGA and GPU based) were contrasted to show their weaknesses and strengths. This survey gathers the most relevant and the latest research efforts for improving the performance of Frequent Itemsets Mining regarding algorithms advances and modern development platforms. Furthermore, this survey organizes the current research on Frequent Itemsets Mining from the hardware perspective considering the source of the data, the development platform, and the baseline algorithm.

BACKGROUND: Edema caused by orthostasis is a common clinical picture in the medical and occupational context. Medical compression therapy with compression stockings (CS) is considered a conservative therapeutic standard in edema therapy. The effect of CS on leg discomfort and the increase of the lower leg volume during a standing load still remains questionable. In addition, it is not entirely known whether there is a correlation between volume increase and discomfort in these individuals. METHOD: A timed, controlled standing load of 15 min was conducted by the participants in this non-randomized controlled study to analyze the change in and correlation between lower leg volume increase and the occurrence of lower leg discomfort under compression therapy. Below-knee CS with an interface pressure of 23–32 mmHg were used. The lower leg volume was measured following previous studies using an optical three-dimensional volume (ml) measurement system, and sensations of discomfort and the urge to move were asked about using a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0–10. The subjects conducted a leg movement for 15 s immediately after the standing period; the data were collected again subsequently. A correlation was calculated between the lower leg volume and the data regarding the discomfort and urge to move for each participant. The experiments had already been performed as part of a previous study including the same subjects who did not wear CS. The results of the study conducted here were compared with those of the participants who did not wear CS to investigate the effect of the CS. RESULTS: Lower leg volume increased by an average of 27 ml (p

The subject of research in the article are the processes of video image processing using an orthogonal transformation for data transmission in information and telecommunication networks. The aim is to build a method of compression of video images while maintaining the efficiency of its delivery at a given informative probability. That will allow to provide a gain in the time of delivery of compressed video images, a necessary level of availability and authenticity at transfer of video data with preservation of strictly statistical regulations and the controlled loss of quality . Task: to study the known algorithms for selective processing of static video at the stage of approximation and statistical coding of the data based on JPEG-platform. The methods used are algorithm based on JPEG-platform, methods of approximation by orthogonal transformation of information blocks, arithmetic coding. It is a solution of scientific task-developed methods for reducing the computational complexity of transformations (compression and decompression) of static video images in the equipment for processing visual information signals, which will increase the efficiency of information delivery. The following results were obtained. The method of video image compression with preservation of the efficiency of its delivery at the set informative probability is developed. That will allow to fulfill the set requirements at the preservation of structural-statistical economy, providing a gain in time to bring compressed images based on the developed method, relative to known methods, on average up to 2 times. This gain is because with a slight difference in the compression ratio of highly saturated images compared to the JPEG-2000 method, for the developed method, the processing time will be less by at least 34%. Moreover, with the increase in the volume of transmitted images and the data transmission speed in the communication channel - the gain in the time of delivery for the developed method will increase. Here, the loss of quality of the compressed/restored image does not exceed 2% by RMS, or not worse than 45 dB by PSNR. What is unnoticeable to the human eye. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: for the first time the method of classification (separate) coding (compression) of high-frequency and low-frequency components of Walsh transformants of video images is offered and investigated, which allows to consider their different dynamic range and statistical redundancy reduced using arithmetic coding. This method will allow to ensure the necessary level of availability and authenticity when transmitting video data, while maintaining strict statistical statistics. Note that the proposed method fulfills the set tasks to increase the efficiency of information delivery. Simultaneously, the method for reducing the time complexity of the conversion of highly saturated video images using their representation by the transformants of the discrete Walsh transformation was further developed. It is substantiated that the perspective direction of improvement of methods of image compression is the application of orthogonal transformations on the basis of integer piecewise-constant functions, and methods of integer arithmetic coding of values of transformant transformations. It is substantiated that the joint use of Walsh transformation and arithmetic coding, which reduces the time of compression and recovery of images; reduces additional statistical redundancy. To further increase the degree of compression, a classification coding of low-frequency and high-frequency components of Walsh transformants is developed. It is shown that an additional reduction in statistical redundancy in the arrays of low-frequency components of Walsh transformants is achieved due to their difference in representation. Recommendations for the parameters of the compression method for which the lowest value of the total time of information delivery is provided are substantiated.

A simple $$(2,3,v)$$ trade is a pair $$(T_0,T_1)$$ of disjoint sets of $$3$$ -subsets (blocks) of a $$v$$ -set such that any two elements meet the same number of times in the blocks of $$T_0$$ and the blocks of $$T_1$$ . The size of $$T_0$$ equals the size of $$T_1$$ and is called the volume of the trade. In this paper, for $$v=4n+2$$ , we introduce a new partitioning of the set of all 3-subsets of a v-set into the trades of volume $$4$$ , $$6$$ , and $$8$$ .

The paper presents an analysis of the data obtained on the effectiveness of the inclusion of a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field in the standard complex of medical rehabilitation in the long-term period in 60 patients who had an ischemic stroke with movement disorders in the form of hemiparesis with an increase in muscle tone by the type of spasticity, which were divided into 2 comparable clinically — functional characteristics of the group: the main group — 30 patients who underwent a course of massage with a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic field from the «Khivamat» apparatus in addition to the standard rehabilitation complex, consisting of exercise therapy, medical massage, kinesitherapy and medication support, and the control group — 30 patients, who received only the standard complex of medical rehabilitation and drug therapy. For a comparative assessment of muscle strength and range of motion in the extremities in patients after ischemic stroke in the initial state and after the course of treatment, we used the modified Ashfort spasticity scale (MAS), Bartel’s index, and goniometry indices. Research results. Before treatment, all patients with post-stroke spasticity included in the study had impaired motor functions of the upper limb in the form of moderate hemiparesis with high muscle tone and changes in the amplitude of movement. In the initial state, all patients included in the study showed motor changes in functions in the form of moderate hemiparesis with muscle hypertonicity, a decrease in the amplitude of movement of the upper limb and a decrease in the activity of daily life. After the course of treatment, the patients of the main group showed a pronounced positive dynamics of indicators, which was confi rmed by a significant decrease by 23.8 % (p < 0,05) in spasticity in the affected limb according to the MAS scale, which decreased after 6 months by 42,8 % (p < 0.01), and after 12 months by 38.0 % (p < 0,01). In patients of the control group, significantly less pronounced and unstable results were obtained and the studied indicator decreased after the course of treatment by 14,3 % (p > 0,05), after 6 months by 19,0 % (p < 0,05), and after 12 months approached the original value. The decrease in spasticity was confirmed by goniometric data, which indicated an increase in active functional use of the hand in the main group. Conclusion: The inclusion in a comprehensive rehabilitation program of patients after acute circulatory disorders with motor disorders in the form of hemiparesis with increased muscle tone by the type of spasticity of pulsed low-frequency electrostatic massage contributes to a significant decrease in the severity of spasticity, an increase in the range of motion in the affected limbs and an expansion of daily functional independence.

Background. In Ukraine, as elsewhere in the world, there is a tendency to increase in the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP), which causes the primary disability of patients or, if the course is unfavorable, leads to multiple organ failure (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome — MODS) and a possible fatal outcome of the disease. The AP causes pathological sequestration of the fluid in the retroperitoneal space and splanchnic vascular system, causing deep fluid disorders, reduction of porto-hepatic circulation with a violation of the trophic reserve of blood circulation and cellular homeostasis, especially in parenchymal organs. The basis for the application of a balanced polyionic solution containing amber acid is the ability of the succinate to support synthesis and maintain cellular energy under acute metabolic disturbance and exhausted energy resources. The purpose of the study is to improve the treatment of patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis by optimizing infusion therapy by restoring energy deficiency in the tissues of the body and enhancing natural detoxification systems. Materials and methods. The early period of intensive care was studied prospectively in 120 AP patients, 81 (67.5 %) men and 39 (32.5 %) women aged 46.6 ± 12.7 years. The primary distribution in groups was carried out according to the type of acute volemic disorders caused by AP. Group 1 — primary dehydration degree II, APACHE II — 13 [10, 14] points, organ failure according to the modified MODS — 2 [1, 2]: 1a subgroup (controls) — 24 (20 %) patients who underwent standard volemic resuscitation without succinate; 1b subgroup — 71 (59.2 %) patients, a balanced solution containing remaxol pro infusionibus succinate was added to the basic resuscitation. Group 2 — 25 patients (20.8 %) with acute surgical dehydration degree III and predicted severe course of AP; APACHE II — 19 [16, 24] points, MODS — 3. Results. In all patients with AP, the primary acute surgical dehydration degree II and III was detec­ted, it was associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), mild (heart rate — 118 ± 5 bpm, leukocytosis — 14.6 ± 1.3 · 109/l, neutrophil left shift — 13.8 ± 1.5 %) or moderate (body temperature was 38 °C) degree. After 72 hours of treatment, the severity of leukocytosis and shift were 11 % lower (p < 0.02) in those patients who received remaxol three times. At day 5 of treatment in patients receiving remaxol (1b subgroup), the levels of α-amylase, bilirubin, transaminases were within the reference range. When using remaxol, persistent organ failure was observed in 7 % of cases (5 patients), in contrast to the patients in the 1a subgroup who did not receive remaxol — 12.5 % (3 patients), and a regression of persistent manifestations occurred during the fourth day of observation, whereas in 1a subgroup after 72 hours, 2 (8.3 %) patients had a repeated deterioration of the clinical condition due to necrotic damage to the pancreas. Against the background of remaxol, all organ disorders developed 9.1 % less frequently than in 1a subgroup, and the severe course of AP was detected 6.8 % less frequently. Conclusions. The use of remaxol in the early period of the AP reduces the manifestations of intrahepatic cholestasis, cytolysis, nonspecific mesenchymal inflammation, exhibits hepatoprotective effect, preserves metabolic, homeostatic and detoxification functions of the liver; slows down the progression of SIRS and organ disorders, creates the conditions necessary for optimizing reparative processes in the pancreas, regardless of the severity of the AP; provides effective clinically significant (in 16 % of cases) redistribution of patients towards the moderate (mild) AP, promotes mostly uncomplicated, mostly moderate AP and regression of transient and persistent organ failure, slows down the development of MODS and the progression of pancreatic necrosis in the severe course of AP., Актуальность. В Украине, как и во всем мире, наблюдается тенденция к увеличению заболеваемости острым панкреатитом (ОП), что определяет первичную инвалидизацию больных или при неблагоприятном течении приводит к полиорганной недостаточности (СПОН) и вероятному летальному исходу болезни. ОП вызывает патологическую секвестрацию жидкости в ретроперитонеальном пространстве и бассейне спланхнического крово­обращения, обусловливая глубокие жидкостные расстройства, редукцию портально-печеночного кровообращения с нарушением трофического резерва кровообращения и клеточного гомеостаза, особенно в паренхиматозных органах. Основанием для применения сбалансированного раствора, содержащего янтарную кислоту, определена способность сукцината поддерживать синтез и сохранение энергии клеток в условиях острого нарушения метаболизма и истощения ресурсов энергообразования. Цель исследования — улучшить результаты лечения пациентов с разными формами острого панкреатита путем оптимизации инфузионной терапии за счет восстановления дефицита энергии в тканях организма и усиления природных систем детоксикации. Материалы и методы. Проспективно исследован ранний период интенсивного лечения 120 пациентов с ОП; среди них 81 (67,5 %) мужчина и 39 (32,5 %) женщин в возрасте 46,6 ± 12,7 года. Первоначальное распределение по группам осуществлено по типу течения острых волемических нарушений, обусловленных ОП. Первая группа — у пациентов исходная дегидратация II степени, тяжесть состояния по APACHE II — 13 [10, 14] баллов, органная недостаточность по модифицированной MODS — 2 [1, 2]: подгруппа 1а (контрольная) — 24 (20 %) пациента, которым проведена стандартная волемическая ресусцитация без применения сукцината; подгруппа 1b — 71 (59,2 %) больной, к базисной ресусцитации был добавлен сбалансированный раствор, содержащий сукцинат, Remaxol pro infusionibus. Вторая группа — 25 больных (20,8 %) с острой хирургической дегидратацией III степени и прогнозируемым тяжелым течением ОП; по APACHE II — 19 [16, 24] баллов, по MODS — 3. Результаты. У всех пациентов с ОП определена исходная острая дегидратация II и III степени, сопряженная с синдромом системного воспалительного ответа (SIRS) умеренной (частота сердечных сокращений — 118 ± 5 в 1 мин, лейкоцитоз — 14,6 ± 1,3 Г/л, нейтрофильный палочкоядерный сдвиг — 13,8 ± 1,5 %) или средней (t тела — 38 °С) степени тяжести. Через 72 часа лечения выраженность лейкоцитоза и палочкоядерного сдвига была на 11 % меньше (р, Актуальність. В Україні, як і в усьому світі, спостерігається тенденція до збільшення захворюваності на гострий панкреатит (ГП), що спричиняє первинну інвалідизацію хворих або при несприятливому перебігу призводить до поліорганної недостатності (СПОН) та ймовірного летального наслідку хвороби. ГП викликає патологічну секвестрацію рідини у ретроперитонеальному просторі і басейні спланхнічного кровообігу, зумовлюючи глибокі рідинні розлади, редукцію порто-печінкового кровообігу з порушенням трофічного резерву кровообігу та клітинного гомеостазу, особливо у паренхіматозних органах. Підставою до застосування збалансованого розчину, який містить янтарну кислоту, визначена здатність сукцинату підтримувати синтез та збереження енергії клітин в умовах гострого порушення метаболізму і виснажених ресурсів енергоутворення. Мета дослідження — поліпшити результати лікування пацієнтів з різними формами гострого панкреатиту шляхом оптимізації інфузійної терапії за рахунок відновлення дефіциту енергії у тканинах організму і підсилення природних систем детоксикації. Матеріали та методи. Проспективно досліджено ранній період інтенсивного лікування 120 пацієнтів з ГП; серед них 81 (67,5 %) чоловік і 39 (32,5%) жінок віком 46,6 ± 12,7 року. Первісний розподіл за групами здійснено за типом перебігу гострих волемічних порушень, зумовлених ГП. Перша група — у пацієнтів початкова дегідратація ІІ ступеня, тяжкість стану за APACHE ІІ — 13 [10, 14] балів, органна недостатність за модифікованою MODS — 2 [1, 2]: підгрупа 1а (контрольна) — 24 (20 %) пацієнта, яким проведена стандартна волемічна ресусцитація без застосування сукцинату; підгрупа 1b — 71 (59,2%) хворий, до базисної ресусцитації був доданий збалансований розчин, який містить сукцинат, Remaxol pro infusionibus. Друга група — 25 хворих (20,8 %) з гострою хірургічною дегідратацією ІІІ ступеня і прогнозованим тяжким перебігом ГП; за APACHE ІІ — 19 [16, 24] балів, за MODS — 3. Результати. У всіх пацієнтів з ГП визначена вихідна гостра дегідратація ІІ і ІІІ ступеня, поєднана з синдромом системної запальної відповіді (SIRS) помірного (частота серцевих скорочень — 118 ± 5 у 1 хв, лейкоцитоз — 14,6 ± 1,3 Г/л, нейтрофільний паличкоядерний зсув — 13,8 ± 1,5 %) або середнього (t тіла — 38 °С) ступеня. Через 72 години лікування вираженість лейкоцитозу і паличкоядерного зсуву була на 11 % менше (р < 0,02) у тих пацієнтів, які тричі отримали ремаксол. На 5-ту добу лікування у хворих, які отримували ремаксол (1b підгрупа), значення α-амілази, білірубіну, трансаміназ визначалися у межах референтного діапазону. При застосуванні ремаксолу персистуюча органна недостатність спостерігалась у 7 % випадків (5 пацієнтів), на відміну від пацієнтів 1а підгрупи, які не отримували ремаксол, — 12,5 % (3 пацієнти), а регрес проявів персистування відбувався вже протягом четвертої доби спостереження, тоді як у 1а підгрупі через 72 години у 2 (8,3 %) хворих відбулося повторне погіршення клінічного стану через некротичне пошкодження підшлункової залози. На фоні застосування ремаксолу всі органні порушення розвивалися на 9,1 % рідше, ніж у 1а підгрупі, а тяжкий перебіг ГП було визначено у меншої на 6,8 % кількості пацієнтів. Висновки. Застосування ремаксолу у ранньому періоді ГП зменшує прояви внутрішньопечінкового холестазу, цитолізу, неспецифічного мезенхімального запалення, виявляє гепатопротекторну дію, зберігає ­метаболічні, гомеостатичні та детоксикаційні функції печінки; призупиняє прогресування SIRS і органних порушень, створює умови, необхідні для оптимізації репаративних процесів у підшлунковій залозі незалежно від тяжкості ГП; забезпечує ефективний клінічно значущий (у 16 %) перерозподіл пацієнтів у бік помірного (легкого) ступеня ГП, сприяє неускладненому перебігу середнього за тяжкістю ГП і регресу транзиторної та персистуючої органної недостатності, призупиняє розвиток СПОН і прогресування панкреонекрозу при тяжкому перебігу ГП.

This isour fourth and final quarterly issue for Volume 1, 2021 of the IEEE Journal of Microwaves (JMW). We wind up our first year with 15 new articles: four invited manuscripts, nine regular contributions, and two of our Special Series pieces: Microwaves are Everywhere and Breakthroughs in Microwaves. As we plan for our future, we also look back on an exciting and satisfying inaugural year.

Form factors and volume models are often be used in the estimation of tree volumes. However, a few studies have developed and evaluated the accuracy of form factors and volume models for estimating tree volumes of community forests. This study aimed to formulate form factors and volume models and assess their prediction accuracy for estimating tree bole volumes of mahogany at community forests in Central Java. This study used 120 sample trees with diameters of 6–38 cm to formulate artificial and absolute form factors and to develop tree bole volume models. These form factors coupled with bole height and total height were used in simple volume equations. Regression analyses were used to develop volume models using the diameter and total height as predictors. The simple volume equations and volume models' prediction accuracy was evaluated using a cross-validation dataset and independent dataset (30 sample trees). The artificial form factor (0.68 ± 0.11) of mahogany, which was higher than the absolute form factor (0.46 ± 0.09), provided accurate estimates of tree bole volumes when it was used with the bole height instead of the total height. The volume model that uses diameter and total height produced the most accurate estimates, while the volume model that uses diameter alone provided the most practical yet reliable tool for estimating tree bole volumes of mahogany. The results of this study are useful for improving community forest management.

This article, which forms the second part of a two-part article in this volume, reflects on what we argue to be the most crucial element of any Linked Data enterprise: its community. The first section discusses a variety of funded and unfunded activities conducted under the aegis of Pelagios, and specifically two ‘small grant’ programmes that dramatically expanded its scope and reach. The second section describes the evolution of Pelagios as a ‘community of practice’, in which the work of the initiative, conceived of in terms of both method and tool development, has been facilitated by, and coordinated with, individuals and groups external to its investigative teams. This growing and maturing community has ultimately been realized in the foundation of a formal voluntary organization: the Pelagios Network Association. The paper concludes with brief reflections on some interlinked sister initiatives that have emerged from the Pelagios community and continue to support scholars and practitioners working in related fields.

Bimanual haptic volume perception refers to somatosensory access to volume information through both hands, and the characteristics that influence this perception remain unclear. The current study investigated the influence of target object shapes and finger pairs on bimanual haptic perception; in addition, associations of bimanual haptic impairment and schizotypal features in nonpsychotic individuals were investigated. Twenty blindfolded participants bimanually discriminated volume variations in regular solid objects under different shape (tetrahedron, cube, or sphere) and finger pair (high- or low-sensitivity pairs) conditions using a newly developed bimanual haptic volume presentation device. Discrimination thresholds were then associated with schizotypal traits using the Chinese version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Target object shape and finger pairs significantly influenced bimanual haptic volume perception. Volume discrimination thresholds were significantly higher with the tetrahedron stimuli than the cubic or spherical stimuli in high-sensitivity pair conditions, but no significant differences among shapes were found in low-sensitivity pair conditions. Moreover, volume discrimination thresholds with high-sensitivity pairs were correlated with the paranoid score of the schizotypal personality questionnaire. The findings provide initial evidence toward understanding the nature of bimanual haptic volume perception, including the properties of objects, individuals, and object-individual interfaces.

Let X be a C1+ vector field on a compact Riemannian manifold M with dimension d ≥ 3. Let Λ be a transitive singular hypebolic set with positive volume. We show that Λ = M and Λ is a uniformly hyperbolic set without singularities.

Regionalization of rectal cancer surgery may lead to worse disease free survival owing to longer travel time to reach a high volume center yet no study has evaluated this relationship at a single high volume center volume center.This was a retrospective review of rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery from 2009 to 2019 at a single high volume center. Patients were divided into two groups based on travel time. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). Additional outcomes included treatment within 60 d of diagnosis, completeness of preoperative staging, and evaluation by a colorectal surgeon prior to initiation of treatment.A lower proportion of patients with long travel time began definitive treatment within 60 d of diagnosis (74.0% versus 84.0%, P= 0.01) or were seen by the treating colorectal surgeon before beginning definitive treatment (74.8% versus 85.4%, P0.01). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients with long travel time were significantly less likely to begin definitive treatment within 60 d of diagnosis (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.31-0.93) or to be evaluated by a colorectal surgeon prior to initiating treatment (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.25-0.80). There were no significant differences in DFS based on travel time.Although patients with long travel times may be vulnerable to delayed, lower quality rectal cancer care, there is no difference in DFS when definitive surgery is performed at a high volume canter. Ongoing research is needed to identify explanations for delays in treatment to ensure all patients receive the highest quality care.

We present the computed tomography findings in a patient with a fractured IVC filter and migration of a broken strut to the right lower quadrant. The filter morphology and strut fragment are well demonstrated on volume rendered images confirming the value of volumetric 3D computed tomography imaging to evaluate IVC filter integrity and identify migrated filter fragments.

Актуальность. Блокада квадратной мышцы поясницы (qudratus lumborum block) находит широкое применение как компонент периоперационного обезболивания в абдоминальной хирургии у взрослых и мало используется в детской практике. Целью нашего исследования были изучение анатомических особенностей пространства квадратной мышцы поясницы и распределение местного анальгетика в пространстве в зависимости от введенной дозы, что позволит найти наиболее эффективную и безопасную дозу препаратов для обезболивания. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на 12 трупах лиц разных полов и возраста (20–73 года). Методом препарирования изучали топографоанатомические особенности мышц, фасциально-клетчаточных пространств, сосудов и нервов поясничной области. Выполнено послойное препарирование тканей поясничной области. Затем после визуализации целевых анатомических структур с помощью ультразвука в технике in-plane иглой 22 G выполнялось введение в передне-медиальном направлении в боковом положении по заднему краю квадратной мышцы поясницы (qudratus lumborum block) красителя метиленового синего для изу­чения распространения анестетика. Статистическую обработку полученных данных проводили с применением методов вариационной статистики с помощью программы Stаtistica 5.5 (принадлежит ЦНИТ ВНМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, лицензионный № AXXR910A374605FA). Результаты. Исследовали площадь поверхности поперечной мышцы спины, которая колебалась в пределах 10,4–14,3 см2 и в среднем составляла 12,01 ± 2,30 см2. Исследование распределения раствора в пространстве квадратной мышцы поясницы в зависимости от дозы показало, что при применении дозы 0,2 мл/кг массы тела распределение раствора составляет в среднем всего 6,2 ± 2,1 см2, что не позволяет заполнить все пространство раствором, а при использовании дозы 0,3 мл/кг массы тела — 12,1 ± 1,4 см2, что вполне соответствует средней площади исследуемого пространства. Выводы. Изучение площади распределения раствора в пространстве квадратной мышцы поясницы позволяет предположить, что для обезболивания будет достаточно местного анестетика в дозе 0,3 мл/кг массы тела. Эта доза безопасна для использования как у взрослых, так и у детей. Клиническая эффективность требует дальнейшего изучения.

ResumoA mão é o segmento mais exposto ao trauma, com grande volume de atendimento em serviços de urgência e emergência. Portanto, faz-se necessário que os médicos plantonistas tenham conhecimento primordial para a conduta eficaz frente a essas lesões. Neste artigo, revisaremos as principais afecções e orientações de condutas.

A basic thermodynamical study of various nanomaterials has been done. Different Equation of states [EOS] (Tait, Shanker & Suzuki) have been applied and compared with the experimental result. An derived equationusing thermodynamical approximationis used to investigate the isothermal compression and pressure dependency of bulk modulus of nanomaterials i.e.TiO2(rutile phase), MgO, CuO, 3C-SiC, Zr0.1Ti0.9O2, e-Fe, Rb3C60, Ge(13 nm).The acquired results are found to be in excellent accord with known experimental data, demonstrating the validity of the formulation utilized in this work. &nbsp

Characterization of Peyronie’s disease (PD) involves manual goniometry and penile length measurement. These techniques neglect volume loss or hourglass deformities. Inter-provider variability complicates accuracy. Using 3D-printed models, we aimed to evaluate measurement accuracy and variability and establish computational assessment workflows. Five digital phantoms were created: 13.0 cm cylinder, 13.0 cm hourglass cylinder, 15.0 cm cylinder with 40° angulation, 12.0 cm straight penis, and 12.9 cm PD penis with 68° angulation and hourglass. Lengths, volumes, and angles were determined computationally. Each phantom was 3D-printed. Ten urology providers determined lengths, angles, and volumes with measuring tape, goniometer, and volume calculator. Provider versus computational measurements were compared to determine accuracy using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. No significant differences were observed between manual assessment of length of penile models and designed length in penile models. Average curvature angles from providers for bent cylinder and PD phantoms were 38.3° ± 3.9° (p = 0.25) and 57.5° ± 7.2° (p = 0.006), respectively. When assessing for volume, hourglass cylinder and bent cylinder showed significant differences between designed volume and provider averages. All assessments of length, angle, and volume showed significant provider variability. Our results suggest manual measurements suffer from inaccuracy and variability. Computational workflows are useful for improved accuracy and volume assessment.

Subject. This article examines the relationship between the three indicators of the derivatives market, namely price, trading volume, and open interest. Objectives. The article aims to characterize the dynamics of option trading volumes in terms of regularity and predictability of changes. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific methods. Results. The article substantiates the expediency of using fractal analysis methods to identify the stability of market trends, describes approaches to the classification of options, on the basis of which the range of options traded on the Moscow Exchange is characterized, and conducts a pre-predictive analysis of the time series of trading volume. Relevance. The results of the study can be useful to persons studying financial markets, market analysts and developers of option contracts.

Vice-principals’ (VPs) work is intensifying in its complexity and volume but the changing nature of their work is not thoroughly documented. This article focuses on the often-overlooked VP’s role and records the factors that evidence the intensifying work conditions for VPs. The data for this article come from a large-scale online survey that has been distributed among the VP members of the Ontario Principals’ Council (OPC). The research findings comprehensively document the increasingly complex and multifaceted nature of VPs’ work and highlight the specific challenges facing VPs, particularly in the areas of motivation and expectation gap, duties and responsibilities, policy influence, challenges and possibilities, emotional well-being and coping, and mentoring. This study provides evidence of the need to reexamine the role of VPs and an urgency to provide targeted training, mentorship and professional development to VPs so that they can flourish in their roles.

In this article, we investigate the geometry of critical metrics of the volume functional on an $n$-dimensional compact manifold with (possibly disconnected) boundary. We establish sharp estimates to the mean curvature and area of the boundary components of critical metrics of the volume functional on a compact manifold. In addition, localized version estimates to the mean curvature and area of the boundary of critical metrics are also obtained., Comment: To appear in Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata

Aim of the article: to conduct a legal analysis of a differentiated approach to the content and volume of special forensic medical knowledge in the competence of various subjects of legal proceedings for their effective implementation of the norms of criminal procedure and other legislation, as well as of the educational context, within which preparation for professional activities requiring a certain the scope of the relevant competencies is conducted. Conclusions. The article deals with the requirements for the competence in the field of forensic medicine of various subjects of legal proceedings. Expert consciousness (as an integral system of expert thinking, expert knowledge, expert intuition, etc.) is attributed to the special competence of medical persons professionally knowledgeable in the field of forensic medicine. The lawyers participating in the proceedings are assigned an integrating and coordinating role, which requires general competence in forensic medicine, in particular, awareness of the modern possibilities of forensic medical examination and other forms of procedural and non-procedural application of forensic medical knowledge. The specified differentiated approach to the scope of competences of various subjects of the legal process does not imply any consolidation, interchangeability, but directly stipulates the need for goal-setting cooperation within the framework of a strict separation of the procedural roles assigned to these subjects, the integrity of the system of expert consciousness with the separation from it of the minimum necessary elements of forensic medicine knowledge sufficient to implement the procedural role of the investigator and other procedural ones. The consequences of the gaps are predictably negative in the education of lawyers, in particular, investigators, prosecutors, advocates and judges, caused by the absence of the discipline “Forensic medicine” in the basic (compulsory) part of the federal state standard of higher professional education in the field of “Jurisprudence”. The formation of an effective model of cooperation seems to be of current interest between subjects of legal proceedings with considering the establishment of differentiated requirements for the volume and content of forensic medical competencies. The complex structure of forensic competences, qualification requirements for forensic medical experts, the peculiarities of the education of medical specialists - should be taken into account by the subjects of the investigation, the court when involving forensic experts and other doctors to participate in the proceedings. It is necessary to change the wording of Art. 178 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation: «with the participation of a forensic medical expert, and if one’s participation is impossible, - for a doctor» to the wording: «with the participation of a forensic medical expert, and if his participation is impossible, - for another doctor».

This study introduced the volume difference along the external surface (VDAES) of the zygomatic bone as a novel approach to assess zygomatic bone asymmetry and was the first to describe a distinctive, 4-step method of measuring it. VDAES has a potential to be used as an objective tool to evaluate dislocation and can assist surgeons in predicting risks of long-term cosmetic complications in patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. After having measured 100 healthy study participants, the observed median VDAES was 1.48 cm3 for all study participants, 2.02 cm3 for males, and 1.09 cm3 for females, with the gender difference being significant (P = 0.003). Additional studies are needed to test the hypothesis of whether VDAES is more relevant than conventional methods of clinically evaluating zygomatic bone asymmetry.

This study aims to determine the effect of Product Innovation on Selling Volume at Gunung Teknik Stores, determine the effect of Advertising on Selling Volume at Gunung Teknik Stores, determine the effect of Product Innovation and Advertising on Selling Volume at Gunung Teknik Stores. The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive method. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, that is data obtained in the form of numbers or numeric. The population in this study were all stores that had made purchases at the Gunung Teknik Store in 2019. Using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5%, a total sample of 265 respondents was obtained. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results showed that Product Innovation and Advertising had a positive and significant effect on Selling Volume at Gunung Gunung Store based on the results of the simultaneous hypothesis test.

Subject. The article discusses the consumption of goods and services in rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Objectives. We analyze the way the rural population consumes goods and services, evaluate the extent of their municipal differentiation by the standard of living and quality of life. Methods. We draw upon the normative and comparative methods of data analysis by consumption of goods by the rural population and the availability of infrastructure. Results. Social benefits were found to account for almost 40 percent of income received by the rural population. The population’s income strongly depends on social benefits in the majority of rural areas. The low income per capita determines the low purchasing power of the population. We demonstrate that most rural people consumes products they grow at their private land plots, thus reducing the share of retail turnover. Rural population practically cannot purchase goods for the long-term use. The volume of paid services per capita does keep below RUB 5,000 in the most of the rural areas. Conclusions and Relevance. The study helped evaluate the consumption in the rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and determine municipal districts where people need aid of the regional and federal authorities most of all. If institutional processes change in the rural areas, the social functions will be performed most effectively.

Three-dimensional (3D) process models are serial intermediate models formed by each process operation during the process of machining a blank into a finished part. They are the process information carriers under the model-based definition (MBD) mode and play an important role in process planning. However, in the traditional design pattern, the 3D process models are mainly constructed manually, which is time-consuming and error prone. In this paper, a novel method for automatically generating 3D process models for shaft parts is proposed. First, an extended feature relation graph (EFRG) is used to describe the topological relationship between the design features (DFs) of the part. Second, the cutting surfaces and the machining method chains are generated based on the design feature surfaces (DFSs). The cutoff surfaces are used to limit the decomposition range of the cutting surfaces to ensure that the machining volume can be decomposed into machining volume units. Then, the machining features are generated by linking the machining method chains to the machining volume units. Finally, the 3D process models are generated by performing Boolean operations. An automatic generation system of 3D process models for shaft parts is developed based on the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the system is verified by typical parts.

The Magnetic Polarizability Tensor (MPT) is a representative property of an electrically conducting or magnetic object that includes information about the object’s characteristics such as, shape, size and material. The MPT is especially relevant to metal detection (MD) and can be used to improve MD performance by helping to distinguish between objects. This paper describes an instrument intended to measure the MPT of objects such as anti-personnel landmines and metallic clutter, up to 130 mm in diameter. The instrument uses a novel multi-coil geometry to generate a uniform electromagnetic field over the volume containing the test object to accurately determine the MPT. Performance tests of the system shows peak variance in the MPT is approximately 15 mm3. Typical experimental repeatability is better than one percent for tests involving copper disks. Additionally, simulated data as well as previously published simulated and experimental data are used as a validation method of the experimental results. Good agreement between these and the measured MPTs of example targets are seen, proving the system’s capability of characterizing metallic objects.

Email notifications are constantly calling for our attention, and the volume of emails is ever-increasing. A research group at the University of California, Irvine explores how managing the inbox affects stress for different working populations.