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The Peng–Robinson equation of state (EOS) with the classical van der Waals quadratic mixing rules is used in this study to calculate the solid solubilities of polycyclic aromatic and long chained hydrocarbons in supercritical carbon dioxide, ethane, and ethylene. The effect of the binary interaction parameters kij (for parameter a) and lij (for parameter b) in the van der Waals mixing rules, on the pressure dependence of the solute solubility in the supercritical fluid is examined. The addition of a third parameter, λ2, that modifies the pure component covolume parameter b of the solute, significantly enhanced the ability of the EOS to fit the experimental data. Reasonable optimally fitted binary interaction parameters kij and lij and pure component parameter λ2 were obtained. The EOS parameters were correlated with molecular properties and can be used as estimates for predicting solubilities when experimental data is missing. A phase stability test is proposed to guarantee that the stable root is always ...

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), products from modern nanotechnologies, can potentially impact the marine environment to pose serious threats to marine ecosystems. However, the cellular responses of marine phytoplankton to ENPs are still not well established. Here, we investigate four different diatom species (Odontella mobiliensis, Skeletonema grethae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana) and one green algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta) for their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release under model ENP treatments: 25 nm titanium dioxide (TiO2), 10–20 nm silicon dioxide (SiO2), and 15–30 nm cerium dioxide (CeO2). We found SiO2 ENPs can significantly stimulate EPS release from these algae (200–800%), while TiO2 ENP exposure induced the lowest release. Furthermore, the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration can be triggered by ENPs, suggesting that the EPS release process is mediated through Ca2+ signal pathways. With better understanding of the cellular mechanism mediated ENP-induced EPS release, potential preventative and safety measures can be developed to mitigate negative impact on the marine ecosystem. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11671-017-2397-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Quantifying seismic attenuation during laboratory imbibition experiments can provide useful information towards the use of seismic waves for monitoring injection and extraction of fluids in the Earth's crust. However, a deeper understanding of the physical causes producing the observed attenuation is needed for this purpose. In this work, we analyze seismic attenuation due to mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) produced by realistic fluid distributions representative of imbibition experiments. To do so, we first perform two-phase flow simulations in a heterogeneous rock sample to emulate a forced imbibition experiment. We then select a sub-sample of the considered rock containing the resulting time-dependent saturation fields, and apply a numerical upscaling procedure to compute the associated seismic attenuation. By exploring both saturation distributions and seismic attenuation we observe that two manifestations of WIFF arise during imbibition experiments: the first one is produced by the compressibility contrast associated with the saturation front, whereas the second one is due to the presence of patches containing very high amounts of water that are located behind the saturation front. We demonstrate that while the former process is expected to play a significant role in the case of high injection rates, which are associated with viscous-dominated imbibition processes, the latter becomes predominant during capillary-dominated processes, that is, for relatively low injection rates. We conclude that this kind of joint numerical analysis constitutes a useful tool for improving our understanding of the physical mechanisms producing seismic attenuation during laboratory imbibition experiments.

Hemorrhagic transformation is a complex phenomenon where brain tissue bleeds, which could be associated or not to an increase in the neurological deficit after the acute ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. We performed a prospective analysis of the clinical records and images of patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. Demographics, vascular risk factors, previous medications and the information of the event in patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation were here compared. We included in this study 747 patients with non-lacunar stroke, the mean age was 77 ± 11 years and 61% were females. In the univariate analysis, the age, a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and the previous use of oral anticoagulation resulted statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis of logistic regression adjusted by age and vascular risk factors: the age > 80 years (OR 3.6, CI 95% 1.8-7.6), the pulse pressure > 60 mmHg at admission (OR 5.3, CI 95% 3.2-9.1), the chronic kidney disease (OR 3, CI 95% 2.5-3.8) and the presence of previous atrial fibrillation (OR 3.5, CI 95% 2.1-6.1) were associated with and increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in our cohort showed a relationship with severe vascular illness. The identification of these patients could influence therapeutic decisions that could increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation

espanolDesde una perspectiva sistemica se presenta en el articulo una amplia revision bibliografica sobre la educacion para la sostenibilidad en las ingenierias a partir de la ensenanza de las ciencias basicas (Fisica, Matematica y Quimica). En el trabajo se analiza como al evolucionar el estudio de la interaccion sociedad naturaleza desde concepciones ambientales hasta las de desarrollo sostenible y ciencia de la sostenibilidad, paralelamente la educacion ambiental evoluciona hacia la educacion para la sostenibilidad y educacion en ciencia de la sostenibilidad. Ademas, se argumenta como preparar a los estudiantes de ingenieria desde la ensenanza de estas ciencias para favorecer la futura actuacion profesional de estos en funcion del desarrollo sostenible, al precisar en el contenido curricular las potencialidades educativas de las dimensiones ambiental, tecnologica, etico - educativa, social y economica de la sostenibilidad en este tipo de profesiones. Tambien son expuestos ejemplos de como potenciar el desarrollo de determinados indicadores del proceso formativo profesional en estas carreras, orientados hacia una actuacion favorable hacia los problemas de la energetica, el empleo de materiales, el medio ambiente y el desarrollo social. portuguesNeste artigo, apresenta-se uma extensa revisao da literatura sobre a educacao para a sustentabilidade em Engenharia pelo ensino de ciencias basicas (Fisica, Matematica e Quimica), a partir de uma perspectiva siste- mica. Neste trabalho, analisa-se como evoluir o estudo da interacao entre sociedade e natureza desde conceitos ambientais ate conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentavel e de ciencia da sustentabilidade, paralelamente, a educacao ambiental evolui em direcao a educacao para a sustentabilidade e a educacao em ciencia da sustentabilidade. Alem disso, argumenta-se como se devem preparar os estudantes de Engenharia, a partir do ensino destas ciencias, para promover o seu futuro desempenho profissional em termos de desenvolvimento sustentavel, ao consolidar no conteudo curricular os potenciais educativos das dimensoes ambientais, tecnologicas, etico-educativas, sociais e economicas da sustentabilidade. Tambem sao apresentados exemplos de como maximizar o desenvolvimento de certos indicadores do processo de formacao profissional nestes cursos, orientados para um desempenho favoravel com relacao aos problemas de energia, de uso de materiais, do meio-ambiente e do desenvolvimento social. EnglishThe article presents an extensive bibliography review about education for sustainability in engineering majoring, based on the teaching of basic sciences, namely Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry. It also reveals how the study of the interactions between society and nature evolved from environmental conceptions towards sustainable development and sciences of sustainability and correspondingly, environmental education evolves towards education for sustainability and education in sciences of sustainability. Furthermore this work explains how to train engineering students, through the teaching of basic sciences, so as to favor sustainable development in their future professional performance, by emphasizing the educational potentialities, in the curricular content, of the environmental, technological, ethical, social and economic dimensions of sustainability for this type of careers. Examples are also given on how to enhance the development of some indicators in the formative process of engineers, focused in energy problems, the use of materials, the environment and the social development.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection causes abortion, respiratory disease, perinatal deaths and neurological disorders in horses. The natural infection and available vaccines provide only partial and short-lived protection against reinfections. In the present study, we analyzed the ability of purified baculovirus-expressed glycoprotein D (gD) administered by different routes to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice after challenge with the EHV-1 AR8 strain. Clinical signs varied among the different groups of mice immunized by parenteral routes, and, although gD induced a specific serum IgG response, it did not prevent the virus from reaching the lungs. Intranasally immunized mice showed no clinical signs, and virus isolation from lungs, histological lesions and antigen detection by immunohistochemistry were negative. In addition, by this route, gD did not stimulate the production of serum IgG and IgA. However, a specific IgA response in the respiratory tract was confirmed in intranasally immunized mice. Thus, we conclude that the mucosal immune response could reduce the initial viral attachment and prevent the virus from reaching the lungs. Our findings provide additional data to further study new immunization strategies in the natural host. La infección con alfaherpesvirus equino 1 (EHV-1) causa abortos, enfermedad respiratoria, muertes perinatales y desórdenes neurológicos en equinos. La infección natural y las vacunas disponibles solo proporcionan protección parcial y de corta duración contra las reinfecciones. En el presente estudio se analizó la inducción de inmunidad protectiva de la glicoproteina D (gD) expresada en baculovirus y purificada al ser administrada por diferentes rutas en ratones BALB/c desafiados con la cepa AR8 de EHV-1. Los signos clínicos fueron variables entre los grupos de ratones inmunizados por rutas parenterales y, aunque la gD indujo respuesta especifica de IgG en suero, no logró prevenir la llegada del virus al pulmón. En los ratones inmunizados intranasalmente no se observaron signos clinicos ni lesiones histopatológi-cas, y el aislamiento viral y la detección de antigenos por inmunohistoquímica en pulmón fueron negativos. Además, por esta ruta la gD no estimuló la producción de IgG y de IgA en suero. Sin embargo se confirmó la respuesta de IgA especifica en el tracto respiratorio de ratones inmunizados intranasalmente. Esta respuesta inmune mucosal podría haber reducido la unión inicial del virus a la célula huésped y, de este modo, prevenir la llegada del virus al pulmón. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan un aporte para continuar estudiando nuevas estrategias de inmunización en el huésped natural.

El accidente cerebrovascular es la tercera causa de muerte y la primera de discapacidad en la Argentina. Los eventos isquémicos constituyen el 80% de los casos. Los accidentes vasculares cerebrales requieren la implementación de protocolos sistematizados que permitan reducir los tiempos en la atención, la morbilidad y mortalidad. En el consenso participaron especialistas de nueve sociedades médicas relacionadas con la atención de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se consensuó un temario separado en capítulos y para la redacción de los mismos se conformaron grupos de trabajo con miembros de diferentes especialidades médicas. Se discutió y acordó para cada tema el nivel de recomendación en base a la mejor evidencia clínica disponible para cada tópico. Se realizó una adaptación al ámbito local de las recomendaciones cuando se consideró necesario. El sistema de la American Heart Association se utilizó para redactar las recomendaciones y su grado de evidencia. La corrección y edición fue realizada por cinco revisores externos, que no participaron en la redacción y con amplia experiencia en enfermedad vascular. Finalizado el documento preliminar, se organizó una reunión general con todos los integrantes de los grupos de trabajo y los revisores para redactar las recomendaciones definitivas. El consenso abarca la atención del paciente con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la fase pre-hospitalaria, evaluación inicial en la central de emergencias, terapias de recanalización (trombolisis y/o trombectomía mecánica), craniectomía descompresiva, neuroimágenes y cuidados clínicos en la internación. Stroke is the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in Argentina. Ischemic events constitute 80% of cases. It requires the implementation of systematized protocols that allow reducing the time of care, morbidity and mortality. Specialists from nine medical societies related to the care of patients with cerebrovascular disease participated in the consensus. A separate agenda was agreed upon in chapters and for the writing of them, work groups were formed with members of different medical specialties. The level of recommendation was discussed and agreed upon for each topic based on the best clinical evidence available for each of them. An adaptation to the local scope of the recommendations was made when it was considered necessary.The American Heart Association system was used to draft the recommendations and their level of evidence. The correction and editing were done by five external reviewers, who did not participate in the writing and with extensive experience in vascular pathology. Once the preliminary document was finalized, a general meeting was held with all the members of the working groups and the reviewers to reach final recommendations. The consensus covers the management of ischemic stroke in the pre-hospital phase, initial evaluation in the emergency center, recanalization therapies (thrombolysis and/ or mechanical thrombectomy), decompressive craniectomy, neuroimaging and clinical care in the hospital.

Reaction of Na2[PdCl4] with two equivalents of 4,5-benzo-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (btt) affords cis-[PdCl2(κ1-btt)2] (1), which provides a convenient entry into mixed-ligand btt complexes. Addition of one equivalent of a range of diamines or diphosphines gives the salts [Pd(κ1-btt)2(κ2-diamine)]Cl2 (2a–d) (diamine = en, dap, bipy, phen) and [Pd(btt)2(κ2-diphosphine)]Cl2 (3a–c) (diphosphine = dppe, dppp, dppf) in good yields. In contrast, two equivalents of dppm result in [Pd(κ1-btt)2(κ1-dppm)2]Cl2 (4), where the diphosphine binds in a monodentate fashion. Two equivalents of PPh3 result in a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers of [Pd(κ1-btt)2(PPh3)2]Cl2 (5a–b) (ca. 1:5 ratio); the pure trans-isomer 5b was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. The cis-isomer 5a could be synthesized independently from the reaction of cis-[PdCl2(PPh3)2] with two equivalents of btt. In all of these complexes, the btt ligand binds in a monodentate manner through the exocyclic thione sulfur. The anti-tumor activities of representative examples, cis-[PdCl2(κ1-btt)2] (1), cis-[Pd(κ1-btt)2(κ1-dppm)2]Cl2 (4) and cis-[Pd(κ1-btt)2(PPh3)2] (5a), were evaluated by cell proliferation assays and phase-contrast microscopy against prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP, with complexes 1 and 4 showing potent anti-proliferative effects (TGI values of 19.2 and 21.1 µg/mL, respectively) against LnCaP cells.

This paper presents the results of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the city of Vitoria- Gasteiz, capital of the Basque country, between the 4th and the 8th of December 2017. In the last decade, Vitoria-Gasteiz has become internationally known thanks to its urban gallery of public mural art. The murals of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in fact, were one of the main attractions of the city when it got the recognition of European Green Capital in 2012.1 They started being produced by the IMVG project in 2007 on the same basis of sustainability as the general agenda of the city. This cultural agenda became a world-class reference in the field of cultural heritage studies, management and the archaeology of architecture thanks to the project Abierto por Obras (Open for works) that integrated sustainability within the research and development processes of excavating, restoring, repairing, consolidating, documenting and exhibiting the Gothic cathedral of St. Mary through cultural interpretation.2 That program became an example of good practice recognized internationally and attracting people such as Ken Follet, who presented A World without End, his sequel to The Pillars of Earth, in the building.3 The emphasis on sustainability makes the IMVG an exceptional case-study within the current Street Art world, where normally expressions tend to be more ephemeral. One of the most singular aspects of the IMVG is its working methods based on community practice, social engagement and public participation.4 The combination of these particular features makes the IMVG an exceptional case in the Iberian peninsula, where many Street Art festivals and projects developed quickly and produced large pieces of public mural art in parallel to the IMVG since the 2000s, Este documento presenta los resultados del trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en la ciudad de Vitoria-Gasteiz, capital del País Vasco, entre el 4 y el 8 de diciembre de 2017. En la última década, Vitoria-Gasteiz se ha hecho internacionalmente conocida gracias a su Galería de arte mural público. Los murales de Vitoria-Gasteiz, de hecho, fueron uno de los principales atractivos de la ciudad cuando obtuvieron el reconocimiento de la Capital Verde Europea en 20125. Comenzaron a ser producidos por el proyecto IMVG en 2007 sobre la misma base de sostenibilidad que el general. Agenda de la ciudad. Esta agenda cultural se convirtió en una referencia de clase mundial en el campo de los estudios de patrimonio cultural, la gestión y la arqueología de la arquitectura gracias al proyecto Abierto por Obras que integraba la sostenibilidad en los procesos de investigación y desarrollo de excavación, restauración, reparación. , consolidando, documentando y exponiendo la catedral gótica de Santa María a través de la interpretación cultural6. Ese programa se convirtió en un ejemplo de buenas prácticas reconocidas internacionalmente y que atraía a personas como Ken Follet, quien presentó Un mundo sin fin, su secuela de Los pilares de la Tierra, en el edificio7. El énfasis en la sostenibilidad hace que el IMVG sea un caso de estudio excepcional dentro del mundo actual de Street Art, donde normalmente las expresiones tienden a ser más efímeras. Uno de los aspectos más singulares del IMVG son sus métodos de trabajo basados en la práctica comunitaria, el compromiso social y la participación pública8. La combinación de estas características particulares hace que el IMVG sea un caso excepcional en la península ibérica, donde muchos festivales y proyectos de arte callejero se desarrollaron rápidamente y produjeron grandes piezas de arte mural público en paralelo al IMVG desde la década de 2000, Aquest article presenta els resultats del treball de camp etnogràfic dut a terme a la ciutat de Vitòria- Gasteiz, capital del País Basc, entre el 4 i el 8 de desembre de 2017. A la darrera dècada, Vitòria-Gasteiz és coneguda internacionalment gràcies a la seva urbanització. galeria de l’art mural mural públic. Els murals de Vitòria-Gasteiz, de fet, van ser un dels principals atractius de la ciutat quan va obtenir el reconeixement de la Capital Verda Europea el 20129. Van començar a ser produïts pel projecte IMVG el 2007 sobre les mateixes bases de la sostenibilitat que el general agenda de la ciutat. Aquesta agenda cultural es va convertir en un referent de primer ordre en el camp dels estudis sobre patrimoni cultural, gestió i arqueologia de l’arquitectura gràcies al projecte Abierto por Obras que va integrar la sostenibilitat en els processos de recerca i desenvolupament de l’excavació, restauració, reparació , consolidant, documentant i exposant la catedral gòtica de Santa Maria mitjançant la interpretació cultural10. Aquest programa es va convertir en un exemple de bones pràctiques reconegudes internacionalment i atraient gent com Ken Follet, que va presentar A World without End, la seva seqüela de The Pillars of Earth, a l’edifici11. L’èmfasi en la sostenibilitat fa que l’IMVG sigui un cas excepcional en el món actual de l’art de carrer, on normalment les expressions solen ser més efímeres. Un dels aspectes més singulars de l’IMVG són els seus mètodes de treball basats en la pràctica comunitària, la participació social i la participació pública12. La combinació d’aquestes particularitats fa que l’IMVG sigui un cas excepcional a la península Ibèrica, on molts festivals i projectes de Street Art es desenvolupen ràpidament i produeixen grans peces murals públiques en paral·lel a l’IMVG des dels anys 2000

Aquest article presenta els resultats del treball de camp etnogràfic dut a terme a la ciutat de Vitòria-Gasteiz, capital del País Basc, entre el 4 i el 8 de desembre de 2017. A la darrera dècada, Vitòria-Gasteiz és coneguda internacionalment gràcies a la seva urbanització. galeria de l’art mural mural públic. Els murals de Vitòria-Gasteiz, de fet, van ser un dels principals atractius de la ciutat quan va obtenir el reconeixement de la Capital Verda Europea el 2012. Van començar a ser produïts pel projecte IMVG el 2007 sobre les mateixes bases de la sostenibilitat que el general agenda de la ciutat. Aquesta agenda cultural es va convertir en un referent de primer ordre en el camp dels estudis sobre patrimoni cultural, gestió i arqueologia de l’arquitectura gràcies al projecte Abierto por Obras que va integrar la sostenibilitat en els processos de recerca i desenvolupament de l’excavació, restauració, reparació , consolidant, documentant i exposant la catedral gòtica de Santa Maria mitjançant la interpretació cultural. Aquest programa es va convertir en un exemple de bones pràctiques reconegudes internacionalment i atraient gent com Ken Follet, que va presentar A World without End, la seva seqüela de The Pillars of Earth, a l’edifici. L’èmfasi en la sostenibilitat fa que l’IMVG sigui un cas excepcional en el món actual de l’art de carrer, on normalment les expressions solen ser més efímeres. Un dels aspectes més singulars de l’IMVG són els seus mètodes de treball basats en la pràctica comunitària, la participació social i la participació pública. La combinació d’aquestes particularitats fa que l’IMVG sigui un cas excepcional a la península Ibèrica, on molts festivals i projectes de Street Art es desenvolupen ràpidament i produeixen grans peces murals públiques en paral·lel a l’IMVG des dels anys 2000., This paper presents the results of ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, capital of the Basque country, between the 4th and the 8th of December 2017. In the last decade, Vitoria-Gasteiz has become internationally known thanks to its urban gallery of public mural art. The murals of Vitoria-Gasteiz, in fact, were one of the main attractions of the city when it got the recognition of European Green Capital in 2012. They started being produced by the IMVG project in 2007 on the same basis of sustainability as the general agenda of the city. This cultural agenda became a world-class reference in the field of cultural heritage studies, management and the archaeology of architecture thanks to the project Abierto por Obras (Open for works) that integrated sustainability within the research and development processes of excavating, restoring, repairing, consolidating, documenting and exhibiting the Gothic cathedral of St. Mary through cultural interpretation. That program became an example of good practice recognized internationally and attracting people such as Ken Follet, who presented A World without End, his sequel to The Pillars of Earth, in the building. The emphasis on sustainability makes the IMVG an exceptional case-study within the current Street Art world, where normally expressions tend to be more ephemeral. One of the most singular aspects of the IMVG is its working methods based on community practice, social engagement and public participation. The combination of these particular features makes the IMVG an exceptional case in the Iberian peninsula, where many Street Art festivals and projects developed quickly and produced large pieces of public mural art in parallel to the IMVG since the 2000s., Este documento presenta los resultados del trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en la ciudad de Vitoria-Gasteiz, capital del País Vasco, entre el 4 y el 8 de diciembre de 2017. En la última década, Vitoria-Gasteiz se ha hecho internacionalmente conocida gracias a su Galería de arte mural público. Los murales de Vitoria-Gasteiz, de hecho, fueron uno de los principales atractivos de la ciudad cuando obtuvieron el reconocimiento de la Capital Verde Europea en 2012. Comenzaron a ser producidos por el proyecto IMVG en 2007 sobre la misma base de sostenibilidad que el general. Agenda de la ciudad. Esta agenda cultural se convirtió en una referencia de clase mundial en el campo de los estudios de patrimonio cultural, la gestión y la arqueología de la arquitectura gracias al proyecto Abierto por Obras que integraba la sostenibilidad en los procesos de investigación y desarrollo de excavación, restauración, reparación. , consolidando, documentando y exponiendo la catedral gótica de Santa María a través de la interpretación cultural. Ese programa se convirtió en un ejemplo de buenas prácticas reconocidas internacionalmente y que atraía a personas como Ken Follet, quien presentó Un mundo sin fin, su secuela de Los pilares de la Tierra, en el edificio. El énfasis en la sostenibilidad hace que el IMVG sea un caso de estudio excepcional dentro del mundo actual de Street Art, donde normalmente las expresiones tienden a ser más efímeras. Uno de los aspectos más singulares del IMVG son sus métodos de trabajo basados en la práctica comunitaria, el compromiso social y la participación pública. La combinación de estas características particulares hace que el IMVG sea un caso excepcional en la península ibérica, donde muchos festivales y proyectos de arte callejero se desarrollaron rápidamente y produjeron grandes piezas de arte mural público en paralelo al IMVG desde la década de 2000.

This study examines the association between insulin resistance, schizophrenia polygenic risk, and treatment outcomes in first-episode, antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Funding/Support: This work was supported by grants from the Stanley Medical Research Institute (Dr Bahn).

Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil (GClb) in untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia unsuitable for full-dose fludarabine-based therapy. Methods A Markov model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of GClb versus other chemoimmunotherapy options. The model comprised three mutually exclusive health states: "progression-free survival (with/without therapy)", "progression (refractory/relapsed lines)", and "death". Each state was assigned a health utility value representing patients' quality of life and a specific cost value. Comparisons between GClb and rituximab plus chlorambucil or only chlorambucil were performed using patient-level clinical trial data; other comparisons were performed via a network meta-analysis using information gathered in a systematic literature review. To support the model, a utility elicitation study was conducted from the perspective of the UK National Health Service. Results There was good agreement between the model-predicted progression-free and overall survival and that from the CLL11 trial. On incorporating data from the indirect treatment comparisons, it was found that GClb was cost-effective with a range of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios below a threshold of £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, and remained so during deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses under various scenarios. Conclusions GClb was estimated to increase both quality-adjusted life expectancy and treatment costs compared with several commonly used therapies, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios below commonly referenced UK thresholds. This article offers a real example of how to combine direct and indirect evidence in a cost-effectiveness analysis of oncology drugs.