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251. Simulations and performance of the QUBIC optical beam combiner

Author: Emory F. Bunn, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, Y. Giraud-Héraud, A. Zullo, Alessandro Buzzelli, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, F. Voisin, J. Aumont, L. Mele, N. Bleurvacq, L. Dumoulin, L. Grandsire, Nicola Vittorio, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, P. Ringegni, F. Piacentini, Peter T. Timbie, P. Chanial, D. Viganò, M. C. Medina, Alessandro Schillaci, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, G. Polenta, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, P. Battaglia, L. Montier, X. Garrido, J.-P. Thermeau, Massimo Gervasi, V. Truongcanh, Rocco D'Agostino, M. Gaspard, R. Puddu, J. Bonaparte, Luca Lamagna, S. Spinelli, C. Chapron, G. de Gasperis, Victor Haynes, A. Etchegoyen, S. Loucatos, Gregory S. Tucker, L. M. Mundo, Marco Bersanelli, A. Lowitz, G. Bordier, E. Guerrard, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, G. Amico, Vladimir V. Luković, D. Buzi, E. Olivieri, R. Luterstein, S. Scully, D. Prêle, H. Pastoriza, A. Mattei, J. Kaplan, F. Columbro, A. Gault, A. Passerini, F. Pajot, D. Harari, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, B. Watson, M. Stolpovskiy, Gustavo E. Romero, E. Bréelle, R. Charlassier, J. Bonis, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, M. De Leo, A. Tartari, Peter A. R. Ade, J. D. Murphy, B. Bélier, S. Banfi, Alessandro Paiella, P. de Bernardis, S. Vanneste, Andrew May, M. De Petris, G. Barbarán, Giampaolo Pisano, Francesco Cavaliere, Cristian Franceschet, D. T. Hoang, Matthieu Tristram, D. Burke, F. Incardona, F. Suarez, J. A. Murphy, C. Kristukat, Marcin Gradziel, F. Couchot, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, A. Mennella, Alessandro Coppolecchia, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, Andrei Korotkov, A. Fasciszewski, D. Bennett, Damien Rambaud, M. González, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, O. Perdereau, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, J.-Ch. Hamilton, C. Perbost, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Federico Pezzotta, M. Piat, E. Jules, Lucio Piccirillo, Thibaut Louis, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Simon J. Melhuish, A. Baù, J.-Ph. Bernard, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Zullo, A, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristram, M, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Thermeau, J, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Melhuish, S, Medina, M, Mele, L, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chapron, C, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bennett, D, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Ade, P, Hamilton, J, Zannoni, M, Mennella, A, De Leo, M, De Petris, M, Scully, S, Guerrard, E, Gayer, D, Burke, D, and O'Sullivan, C
Subjects: cosmological model, higher-order, QUBIC, Cosmic microwave background, CMB, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology, B-mode: primordial, law.invention, law, B-modes, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Applied Mathematics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, bolometric interferometry, Condensed Matter Physics, Physical optics, physical optics, Interferometry, Horn antenna, detector: performance, polarization: anisotropy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, interferometer, interference, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, model: optical, programming, 010309 optics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarization, business.industry, Bolometer, gravitational radiation: primordial, optics, detector: sensitivity, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, cosmic background radiation: anisotropy
Abstract: QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel ground-based instrument that aims to measure the extremely faint B-mode polarisation anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at intermediate angular scales (multipoles of = 30 − 200). Primordial B-modes are a key prediction of Inflation as they can only be produced by gravitational waves in the very early universe. To achieve this goal, QUBIC will use bolometric interferometry, a technique that combines the sensitivity of an imager with the immunity to systematic effects of an interferometer. It will directly observe the sky through an array of back-to-back entry horns whose beams will be superimposed using a cooled quasioptical beam combiner. Images of the resulting interference fringes will be formed on two focal planes, each tiled with transition-edge sensors, cooled down to 320 mK. A dichroic filter placed between the optical combiner and the focal planes will select two frequency bands (centred at 150 GHz and 220 GHz), one frequency per focal plane. Polarization modulation will be achieved using a cold stepped half-wave plate (HWP) and polariser in front of the sky-facing horns. The full QUBIC instrument is described elsewhere1,2,3,4; in this paper we will concentrate in particular on simulations of the optical combiner (an off-axis Gregorian imager) and the feedhorn array. We model the optical performance of both the QUBIC full module and a scaled-down technological demonstrator which will be used to validate the full instrument design. Optical modelling is carried out using full vector physical optics with a combination of commercial and in-house software. In the high-frequency channel we must be careful to consider the higher-order modes that can be transmitted by the horn array. The instrument window function is used as a measure of performance and we investigate the effect of, for example, alignment and manufacturing tolerances, truncation by optical components and off-axis aberrations. We also report on laboratory tests carried on the QUBIC technological demonstrator in advance of deployment to the observing site in Argentina.
Published: 2018

252. Performance of NbSi transition-edge sensors readout with a 128 MUX factor for the QUBIC experiment

Author: L. M. Mundo, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, A. Tartari, Nicola Vittorio, A. Mattei, F. Columbro, R. Charlassier, L. Grandsire, A. Mennella, A. Pelosi, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Bennett, Andrei Korotkov, M. González, F. Piacentini, D. Burke, C. Perbost, J. A. Murphy, P. Chanial, E. Olivieri, Damien Rambaud, B. Watson, Giampaolo Pisano, N. Bleurvacq, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, G. Barbarán, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, F. Couchot, L. Dumoulin, Peter A. R. Ade, J. Bonaparte, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, S. Loucatos, A. Gault, A. Lowitz, P. Battaglia, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, P. Ringegni, A. Zullo, G. Amico, D. Viganò, S. Banfi, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, Andrew May, D. Buzi, M. C. Medina, L. Mele, J.-Ph. Bernard, M. Stolpovskiy, M. Piat, Emory F. Bunn, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, F. Voisin, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, C. Kristukat, O. Perdereau, S. Maestre, Y. Giraud-Héraud, J. D. Murphy, F. Incardona, Alessandro Coppolecchia, F. Suarez, Peter T. Timbie, C. Chapron, Alessandro Schillaci, Alessandro Paiella, W. Marty, G. Polenta, E. Bréelle, A. Fasciszewski, J. Aumont, R. Puddu, S. Spinelli, L. Montier, D. T. Hoang, Massimo Gervasi, Federico Pezzotta, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Simon J. Melhuish, V. Truongcanh, A. Baù, M. Gaspard, J.-P. Thermeau, Luca Lamagna, A. Etchegoyen, Marcin Gradziel, A. Buzzelli, Francesco Cavaliere, Lucio Piccirillo, Marco Bersanelli, J. Kaplan, Mario Zannoni, D. Prêle, Thibaut Louis, Sophie Henrot-Versille, A. Passerini, G. De Gasperis, B. Bélier, S. Scully, S. Vanneste, Victor Haynes, Gregory S. Tucker, M. De Leo, R. Luterstein, M. De Petris, Gustavo E. Romero, P. de Bernardis, J.-Ch. Hamilton, Rocco D'Agostino, E. Jules, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, X. Garrido, E. Guerrard, Vladimir V. Luković, G. Bordier, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, J. Bonis, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Salatino, M, Suarez, F, Bennett, D, Murphy, J, Ade, P, Thermeau, J, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristam, M, Timbie, P, Tartari, A, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scully, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Puddu, R, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, O'Sullivan, C, Mundo, L, Mennella, A, Melhuish, S, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Burke, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Voisin, F, Henrot-Versillé, S, Torchinsky, S, Rambaud, D, Prêle, D, Piat, M, Montier, L, Marty, W, Marnieros, S, Maestre, S, Hoang, D, Chapron, C, Bélier, B, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: the QUBIC experiment, Time-Domain Multiplexing, Integrated circuit, SiGe Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Multiplexing, Multiplexer, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, law, Transition-Edge Sensor, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, Astronomical interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, business.industry, Bolometric Interferometry, Detector, Bolometer, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB instrumentation, SiGe ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit, Superconducting QUantum Interference Device, TimeDomain Multiplexing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Interferometry, Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices, Transition edge sensor, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; QUBIC (the Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) is a ground-based experiment which seeks to improve the current constraints on the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves. It exploits the unique technique, among Cosmic Microwave Background experiments, of bolometric interferometry, combining together the sensitivity of bolometric detectors with the control of systematic effects typical of interferometers. QUBIC will perform sky observations in polarization, in two frequency bands centered at 150 and 220 GHz, with two kilo-pixel focal plane arrays of NbSi Transition-Edge Sensors (TES) cooled down to 350 mK. A subset of the QUBIC instrument, the so called QUBIC Technological Demonstrator (TD), with a reduced number of detectors with respect to the full instrument, will be deployed and commissioned before the end of 2018. The voltage-biased TES are read out with Time Domain Multiplexing and an unprecedented multiplexing (MUX) factor equal to 128. This MUX factor is reached with two-stage multiplexing: a traditional one exploiting Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) at 1K and a novel SiGe Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) at 60 K. The former provides a MUX factor of 32, while the latter provides a further 4. Each TES array is composed of 256 detectors and read out with four modules of 32 SQUIDs and two ASICs. A custom software synchronizes and manages the readout and detector operation, while the TES are sampled at 780 Hz (100kHz/128 MUX rate). In this work we present the experimental characterization of the QUBIC TES arrays and their multiplexing readout chain, including time constant, critical temperature, and noise properties.
Published: 2018

253. QUBIC: the Q and U bolometric interferometer for cosmology

Author: Y. Giraud-Héraud, E. Bréelle, P. A. R. Ade, A. Zullo, P. Ringegni, A. Mennella, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Bennett, M. González, Emory F. Bunn, Francesco Cavaliere, R. Puddu, M. De Leo, L. Montier, M. Stolpovskiy, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Giard, C. Perbost, L. Grandsire, Peter T. Timbie, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, Gustavo E. Romero, E. Jules, Simon J. Melhuish, S. Spinelli, A. Baù, G. de Gasperis, J.-Ph. Bernard, G. Bordier, G. Polenta, M. De Petris, P. de Bernardis, A. Lowitz, Nicola Vittorio, E. Guerrard, P. Battaglia, M. Piat, Rocco D'Agostino, O. Perdereau, Lucio Piccirillo, Vladimir V. Luković, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, F. Piacentini, J. Aumont, Massimo Gervasi, D. Prêle, Thibaut Louis, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Sophie Henrot-Versille, S. Loucatos, R. Charlassier, L. M. Mundo, L. Dumoulin, J. Kaplan, P. Chanial, J. D. Murphy, A. Fasciszewski, J. Bonaparte, C. Kristukat, S. Vanneste, Alessandro Paiella, Gabriele Coppi, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, Federico Pezzotta, L. Mele, B. Bélier, Steve Torchinsky, D. Viganò, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, E. Olivieri, A. Mattei, J.-Ch. Hamilton, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, F. Columbro, G. Amico, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, A. Passerini, D. Buzi, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, G. Barbarán, C. Chapron, N. Bleurvacq, J. Bonis, F. Couchot, Andrei Korotkov, R. Luterstein, A. Tartari, V. Truongcanh, M. Gaspard, F. Voisin, F. Incardona, Damien Rambaud, A. Etchegoyen, B. Watson, Giampaolo Pisano, Marco Bersanelli, Bruno Maffei, Alessandro Schillaci, F. Wicek, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, F. Suarez, A. Gault, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, S. Scully, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, S. Banfi, D. Burke, J. A. Murphy, D. T. Hoang, Marcin Gradziel, Alessandro Buzzelli, J.-P. Thermeau, Victor Haynes, X. Garrido, Gregory S. Tucker, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M. C. Medina, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, Luca Lamagna, D. Gayer, Andrew May, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Zmuidzinas J.,Gao J.-R., Ade, P, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Tristram, M, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Thermeau, J, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scully, S, Scóccola, C, Schillaci, A, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Passerini, A, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Mennella, A, Melhuish, S, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, May, A, Mattei, A, Masi, S, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Bennett, D, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Franceschet, C, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, de Bernardis, P, D’Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Coppi, G, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chapron, C, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Burke, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, O'Sullivan, C, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: B-modes, bolometric interferometry, CMB, QUBIC, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, cosmic microwave background, Cosmic microwave background, Interference (wave propagation), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarization, Physics, millimetre-wave, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Polarizer, interferometry, Interferometry, Dichroic filter, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel ground-based instrument that has been designed to measure the extremely faint B-mode polarisation anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at intermediate angular scales (multipoles of 𝑙 = 30 − 200). Primordial B-modes are a key prediction of Inflation as they can only be produced by gravitational waves in the very early universe. To achieve this goal, QUBIC will use bolometric interferometry, a technique that combines the sensitivity of an imager with the systematic error control of an interferometer. It will directly observe the sky through an array of 400 back-to-back entry horns whose signals will be superimposed using a quasi-optical beam combiner. The resulting interference fringes will be imaged at 150 and 220 GHz on two focal planes, each tiled with NbSi Transition Edge Sensors, cooled to 320 mK and read out with time-domain multiplexing. A dichroic filter placed between the optical combiner and the focal planes will select the two frequency bands. A very large receiver cryostat will cool the optical and detector stages to 40 K, 4 K, 1 K and 320 mK using two pulse tube coolers, a novel 4He sorption cooler and a double-stage 3He/4He sorption cooler. Polarisation modulation and selection will be achieved using a cold stepped half-wave plate (HWP) and polariser, respectively, in front of the sky-facing horns. A key feature of QUBIC’s ability to control systematic effects is its ‘self-calibration’ mode where fringe patterns from individual equivalent baselines can be compared. When observing, however, all the horns will be open simultaneously and we will recover a synthetic image of the sky in the I, Q and U Stokes’ parameters. The synthesised beam pattern has a central peak of approximately 0.5 degrees in width, with secondary peaks further out that are damped by the 13-degree primary beam of the horns. This is Module 1 of QUBIC which will be installed in Argentina, near the city of San Antonio de los Cobres, at the Alto Chorrillos site (4869 m a.s.l.), Salta Province. Simulations have shown that this first module could constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio down to σ(r) = 0.01 after a two-year survey. We aim to add further modules in the future to increase the angular sensitivity and resolution of the instrument. The QUBIC project is proceeding through a sequence of steps. After an initial successful characterisation of the detection chain, a technological demonstrator is being assembled to validate the full instrument design and to test it electrically, thermally and optically. The technical demonstrator is a scaled-down version of Module 1 in terms of the number of detectors, input horns and pulse tubes and a reduction in the diameter of the combiner mirrors and filters, but is otherwise similar. The demonstrator will be upgraded to the full module in 2019. In this paper we give an overview of the QUBIC project and instrument.
Published: 2018

254. Advanced ACTPol TES Device Parameters and Noise Performance in Fielded Arrays

Author: Federico Nati, Brian J. Koopman, Michael D. Niemack, Johannes Hubmayr, Suzanne T. Staggs, Sara M. Simon, Maria Salatino, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Shannon M. Duff, Kevin T. Crowley, Edward J. Wollack, Steve K. Choi, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Patricio A. Gallardo, Jason E. Austermann, Jason R. Stevens, Joel N. Ullom, Crowley, K, Austermann, J, Choi, S, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Koopman, B, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Salatino, M, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Ullom, J, Vavagiakis, E, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Transition-edge sensor, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Detector modeling, Optics, TES parameter, 0103 physical sciences, Noise performance, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Electrical impedance, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Transition edge sensor, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Microwave, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) features arrays of aluminum manganese transition-edge sensors (TESes) optimized for ground-based observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Array testing shows highly responsive detectors with anticipated in-band noise performance under optical loading. We report on TES parameters measured with impedance data taken on a subset of TESes. We then compare modeled noise spectral densities to measurements. We find excess noise at frequencies around 100 Hz, nearly outside of the signal band of CMB measurements. In addition, we describe full-array noise measurements in the laboratory and in the field for two new AdvACT mid-frequency arrays, sensitive at bands centered on 90 and 150 GHz, and data for the high-frequency array (150/230 GHz) as deployed., Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics for LTD-17 special issue
Published: 2018
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255. Optical modelling and analysis of the Q and U bolometric interferometer for cosmology

Author: Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Emory F. Bunn, Federico Pezzotta, O. Rigaut, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, A.-A. Drilien, J.D. Murphy, Simon J. Melhuish, Martin Gamboa, Laurence P. Sadwick, Alessandro Schillaci, A. Baù, N. Holtzer, Nathanaël Bleurvac, A. Mennella, F. Voisin, Beatriz García, X. Garrido, E. Guerrard, Giuseppe D' Alessandro, Vladimir V. Luković, R. Luterstein, D. Burke, D. Prêle, D. Bennett, Alberto Etchegoyen, C. Kristukat, Delphine Néel, Paolo de Bernardis, J. Bonaparte, Massimo Gervasi, Alessandro Paiella, L. Montier, M. González, P. Battaglia, Y. Giraud-Héraud, A. Zullo, Giampaolo Pisano, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, E. Jules, M. Gaspard, Olivier Perdereau, D. Viganò, P. Ringegni, A. Gault, M. Gómez Berisso, F. Piacentini, Jean-Philippe Bernard, J. Kaplan, F. Incardona, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, D. T. Hoang, Lucio Piccirillo, Jonathan Aumont, François Couchot, B. Bélier, F. Suarez, E. Olivieri, P. Chanial, C. Scóccola, S. Banfi, Carole Tucker, Sophie Henrot-Versille, G. Amico, H. Pastoriza, Robert A. Watson, G. de Gasperis, Marcin Gradziel, Nicola Vittorio, D. Harari, D. Buzi, G. Bordier, G. Barbarán, J.-P. Thermeau, Victor Haynes, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, T. Louis, J. Bonis, V. Truongcanh, L. Grandsire, Marco De Petris, Peter T. Timbie, Andrei Korotkov, Marco Bersanelli, G. Polenta, Mario Zannoni, Damien Rambaud, Gustavo E. Romero, A. Pelosi, F. Wicek, Mark McCulloch, S. Scully, M. De Leo, L. Dumoulin, Francesco Cavaliere, Alessandro Buzzelli, A. Lowitz, C. Perbost, Alessandro Coppolecchia, François Pajot, A. Fasciszewski, Bruno Maffei, Martin Giard, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Tianxin Yang, Gregory S. Tucker, M. C. Medina, A. Passerini, Jean Christophe Hamilton, A. Tartari, L. M. Mundo, Michel Piat, S. Marnieros, Eimante Kalinauskaite, A. Mattei, J. Lande, F. Columbro, R. Puddu, S. Spinelli, Andrew May, Luca Lamagna, E. Bréelle, J. Anthony Murphy, Rocco D'Agostino, S. Loucatos, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, C. Chapron, R. Charlassier, L. Mele, Sadwick L.P.,Yang T., Burke, D, Gayer, D, Kalinauskaite, E, O'Sullivan, C, Murphy, J, Scully, S, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, Mennella, A, Torchinsky, S, Zannoni, M, Amico, G, Auguste, D, Aumont, J, Banfi, S, Barbaran, G, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Bau, A, Belier, B, Bennett, D, Berge, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bleurvac, N, Bonaparte, J, Bonis, J, Bordier, G, Breelle, E, Bunn, E, Buzi, D, Buzzelli, A, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Chapron, C, Charlassier, R, Columbro, F, Coppi, G, Coppolecchia, A, Couchot, F, D'Alessandro, G, D'Agostino, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, Di Donato, A, Drilien, A, Dumoulin, L, Etchegoyen, A, Fasciszewski, A, Franceschet, C, Gamboa-Lerena, M, Garcia, B, Garrido, X, Gaspard, M, Gault, A, Gervasi, M, Giard, M, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gomez Berisso, M, Gonzalez, M, Gradziel, M, Grandsire, L, Guerrard, E, Hamilton, J, Harari, D, Haynes, V, Henrot-Versille, S, Hoang, D, Holtzer, N, Incardona, F, Jules, E, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Kristukat, C, Lamagna, L, Lande, J, Loucatos, S, Louis, T, Lowitz, A, Lukovic, V, Luterstein, R, Maffei, B, Marnieros, S, Masi, S, Mattei, A, May, A, Mcculloch, M, Medina, M, Mele, L, Melhuish, S, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Neel, D, Olivieri, E, Paiella, A, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Pastoriza, H, Pelosi, A, Perbost, C, Perdereau, O, Pezzotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Prele, D, Puddu, R, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Ringegni, P, Romero, G, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Scoccola, C, Spinelli, S, Stolpovskiy, M, Suarez, F, Tartari, A, Thermeau, J, Timbie, P, Tristram, M, Truongcanh, V, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Vigano, D, Vittorio, N, Voisin, F, Watson, B, Wicek, F, Zullo, A, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, B-modes, Electronic, Optical Modelling, Black-body radiation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Polarisation, Physics, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, bolometric interferometry, Cosmology, Simulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Image plane, Redshift, Interferometry, B-mode, Millimeter, business
Abstract: International audience; Remnant radiation from the early universe, known as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), has been redshifted and cooled, and today has a blackbody spectrum peaking at millimetre wavelengths. The QUBIC (Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) instrument is designed to map the very faint polaristion structure in the CMB. QUBIC is based on the novel concept of bolometric interferometry in conjunction with synthetic imaging. It will have a large array of input feedhorns, which creates a large number of interferometric baselines. The beam from each feedhorn is passed through an optical combiner, with an off-axis compensated Gregorian design, to allow the generation of the synthetic image. The optical-combiner will operate in two frequency bands (150 and 220 GHz with 25% and 18.2 % bandwidth respectively) while cryogenically cooled TES bolometers provide the sensitivity required at the image plane. The QUBIC Technical Demonstrator (TD), a proof of technology instrument that contains 64 input feed-horns, is currently being built and will be installed in the Alto Chorrillos region of Argentina. The plan is then for the full QUBIC instrument (400 feed-horns) to be deployed in Argentina and obtain cosmologically significant results. In this paper we will examine the output of the manufactered feed-horns in comparison to the nominal design. We will show the results of optical modelling that has been performed in anticipation of alignment and calibration of the TD in Paris, in particular testing the validity of real laboratory environments. We show the output of large calibrator sources (50 ° full width haf max Gaussian beams) and the importance of accurate mirror definitions when modelling large beams. Finally we describe the tolerance on errors of the position and orientation of mirrors in the optical combiner.
Published: 2018

256. Thermal architecture for the QUBIC cryogenic receiver

Author: R. Charlassier, G. de Gasperis, J. Kaplan, M. Piat, X. Garrido, J. Bonaparte, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, B. Bélier, P. Battaglia, F. Piacentini, Alessandro Buzzelli, D. Burke, N. Bleurvacq, Andrei Korotkov, R. Puddu, F. Voisin, C. Perbost, E. Guerrard, J. A. Murphy, S. Loucatos, S. Spinelli, S. Vanneste, Damien Rambaud, Peter A. R. Ade, Gustavo E. Romero, P. Chanial, Peter T. Timbie, G. Polenta, A. Lowitz, Vladimir V. Luković, Andrew May, J.-Ch. Hamilton, B. Watson, Bruno Maffei, F. Wicek, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, P. de Bernardis, F. Couchot, A. Gault, E. Olivieri, H. Pastoriza, D. Harari, L. Dumoulin, J.-Ph. Bernard, M. Stolpovskiy, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, A. Mennella, F. Incardona, G. Barbarán, Francesco Cavaliere, M. M. Gamboa Lerena, D. Viganò, F. Suarez, S. Banfi, E. Bréelle, A. Fasciszewski, G. Bordier, L. M. Mundo, D. Bennett, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Federico Pezzotta, A. Passerini, M. González, J. Bonis, J. Aumont, J.-P. Thermeau, Alessandro Schillaci, A. Tartari, A. Mattei, M. Gómez Berisso, E. Jules, L. Mele, M. Giard, L. Grandsire, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, F. Columbro, O. Perdereau, P. Ringegni, Simon J. Melhuish, Massimo Gervasi, A. Baù, Nicola Vittorio, Rocco D'Agostino, M. De Leo, Lucio Piccirillo, Thibaut Louis, D. Prêle, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Maria Salatino, D. Auguste, M. De Petris, R. Luterstein, C. Scóccola, Carole Tucker, Silvia Masi, A. Di Donato, Giampaolo Pisano, G. Amico, Cristian Franceschet, Matthieu Tristram, D. Buzi, Emory F. Bunn, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, V. Truongcanh, M. Gaspard, A. Etchegoyen, Marco Bersanelli, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, S. Scully, J. D. Murphy, Alessandro Paiella, C. Kristukat, A. Zullo, Gregory S. Tucker, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M. C. Medina, C. Chapron, D. T. Hoang, Marcin Gradziel, Luca Lamagna, Victor Haynes, L. Montier, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zmuidzinas, J, Gao, JR, Tristram, M, Passerini, A, Franceschet, C, Scully, S, Ade, P, Zullo, A, Zannoni, M, Wicek, F, Watson, B, Voisin, F, Vittorio, N, Viganò, D, Vanneste, S, Tucker, G, Tucker, C, Truongcanh, V, Torchinsky, S, Timbie, P, Tartari, A, Suarez, F, Stolpovskiy, M, Spinelli, S, Scóccola, C, Salatino, M, Romero, G, Ringegni, P, Rambaud, D, Puddu, R, Prêle, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piacentini, F, Pezzotta, F, Perdereau, O, Perbost, C, Pelosi, A, Pastoriza, H, Pajot, F, Paiella, A, Olivieri, E, O'Sullivan, C, Murphy, J, Mundo, L, Montier, L, Mennella, A, Mele, L, Medina, M, Mcculloch, M, Mattei, A, Marnieros, S, Maffei, B, Luterstein, R, Lukovic, V, Lowitz, A, Louis, T, Loucatos, S, Lamagna, L, Kristukat, C, Korotkov, A, Kaplan, J, Jules, E, Incardona, F, Hoang, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Haynes, V, Harari, D, Hamilton, J, Guerrard, E, Grandsire, L, Gradziel, M, González, M, Gómez Berisso, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Giard, M, Gervasi, M, Gayer, D, Gault, A, Gaspard, M, Garrido, X, García, B, Gamboa Lerena, M, Fasciszewski, A, Etchegoyen, A, Dumoulin, L, Di Donato, A, De Petris, M, De Leo, M, de Gasperis, G, D'Agostino, R, Couchot, F, Coppolecchia, A, Bennett, D, Burke, D, Columbro, F, Charlassier, R, Chanial, P, Cavaliere, F, Buzzelli, A, Buzi, D, Bunn, E, Bréelle, E, Bordier, G, Bonis, J, Bonaparte, J, Bleurvacq, N, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bersanelli, M, Bernard, J, Bergé, L, Bélier, B, Baù, A, Battistelli, E, Battaglia, P, Barbarán, G, Banfi, S, Aumont, J, Auguste, D, Amico, G, Thermeau, J, Schillaci, A, Piccirillo, L, Piat, M, Melhuish, S, Masi, S, de Bernardis, P, D'Alessandro, G, Coppi, G, Chapron, C, May, A, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cryogenics, Bolometric interferometry, QUBIC, interferometer, Cosmic microwave background, bolometric interferometry, cryogenics, experimental cosmology, heat switch, sorption cooler, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, bolometer, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Sorption cooler, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Heat switch, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Experimental cosmology, Interferometry, cryogenics: design, B-mode, Millimeter, Submillimeter, Far-Infrared, Detectors, Instrumentation, Cryogenics, Cosmic Microwave Background, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; QUBIC, the QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel forthcoming instrument to measure the B-mode polarization anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The detection of the B-mode signal will be extremely challenging; QUBIC has been designed to address this with a novel approach, namely bolometric interferometry. The receiver cryostat is exceptionally large and cools complex optical and detector stages to 40 K, 4 K, 1 K and 350 mK using two pulse tube coolers, a novel 4He sorption cooler and a double-stage 3He/4He sorption cooler. We discuss the thermal and mechanical design of the cryostat, modelling and thermal analysis, and laboratory cryogenic testing.
Published: 2018

257. QUBIC - the Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology: A novel way to look at the polarized Cosmic Microwave Background

Author: M. Piat, A. Passerini, M. W. Ng, J. Rodriguez Martino, A. Ghribi, Alessandro Buzzelli, M. Giard, N. Bleurvacq, F. Piacentini, S. Melhuish, L. Mele, P. Chanial, J.-Ch. Hamilton, Maria Salatino, R. Puddu, L. Grandsire, J. Lande, Peter T. Timbie, Jonathan Aumont, Carole Tucker, B. Watson, Bruno Maffei, Andrei Korotkov, Damien Rambaud, A. Zullo, O. Rigaut, C. Perbost, Massimo Gervasi, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, A. Baù, A. Lowitz, Giampaolo Pisano, D. Néel, G. Bordier, M. De Petris, P. Battaglia, N. Krachmalnicoff, L. Montier, A. Mennella, D. Cammilleri, O. Perdereau, Michele De Leo, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Cristian Franceschet, F. Incardona, D. Bennett, Peter A. R. Ade, D. Buzi, Victor Haynes, F. Couchot, F. Suarez, G. S. Tucker, N. Vittori, M. Tristram, D. Harari, Lucio Piccirillo, B. Bélier, Jean Kaplan, Sophie Henrot-Versille, S. Loucatos, Luca Lamagna, L. Dumoulin, Alessandro Paiella, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Alessandro Coppolecchia, F. Columbro, A. Tartari, D. Viganò, J. Brossard, Rocco D'Agostino, Andrew May, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, L. Bergé, Silvia Masi, D. Burke, Marcin Gradziel, N. Holtzer, Gabriele Coppi, Steve Torchinsky, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M. C. Medina, C. Chapron, A. Etchegoyen, Marco Bersanelli, Mario Zannoni, A. Pelosi, S. Scully, G. de Gasperis, Bigot-Sazy, J.-Ph. Bernard, A. Gault, S. Banfi, Vladimir V. Luković, Francesco Cavaliere, E. Bunn, D. Prêle, A. Murphy, F. Voisin, M. Stolpovskiy, Gustavo E. Romero, F. Del Torto, Y. Giraud-Héraud, P. de Bernardis, A. Schillaci, T. Decourcelle, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mennella, A, Ade, P, Aumont, J, Banfi, S, Incardona, F, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Baù, A, Bélier, B, Bennett, D, Bergé, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot-Sazy, M, Bleurvacq, N, Bordier, G, Brossard, J, Bunn, E, Burke, D, Buzi, D, Buzzelli, A, Cammilleri, D, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Chapron, C, Columbro, F, Coppi, G, Coppolecchia, A, Couchot, F, D'Agostino, R, D'Alessandro, G, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Leo, M, De Petris, M, Decourcelle, T, Del Torto, F, Dumoulin, L, Etchegoyen, A, Franceschet, C, Garcia, B, Gault, A, Gayer, D, Gervasi, M, Ghribi, A, Giard, M, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Gradziel, M, Grandsire, L, Hamilton, J, Harari, D, Haynes, V, Henrot-Versillé, S, Holtzer, N, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Lamagna, L, Lande, J, Loucatos, S, Lowitz, A, Lukovic, V, Maffei, B, Marnieros, S, Martino, J, Masi, S, May, A, Mcculloch, M, Medina, M, Mele, L, Melhuish, S, Montier, L, Murphy, A, Néel, D, Ng, M, O'Sullivan, C, Paiella, A, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Pelosi, A, Perbost, C, Perdereau, O, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Prêle, D, Puddu, R, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Romero, G, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Scully, S, Stolpovskiy, M, Suarez, F, Tartari, A, Timbie, P, Torchinsky, S, Tristram, M, Tucker, C, Tucker, G, Viganò, D, Vittori, N, Voisin, F, Watson, B, Zannoni, M, and Zullo, A
Subjects: cosmological model, interferometer, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology, law.invention, 010309 optics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, bolometer, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, polarization, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarimetry, Interferometry, Bolometers, Astronomy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), sensitivity, calibration, Interferometry, duality, 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper we describe QUBIC, an experiment that takes up the challenge posed by the detection of primordial gravitational waves with a novel approach, that combines the sensitivity of state-of-the art bolometric detectors with the systematic effects control typical of interferometers. The so-called "self-calibration" is a technique deeply rooted in the interferometric nature of the instrument and allows us to clean the measured data from instrumental effects. The first module of QUBIC is a dual band instrument (150 GHz and 220 GHz) that will be deployed in Argentina during the Fall 2018., Presented at the EPS Conference on High Energy Physics, Venice (Italy), 5-12 July 2017 Accepted for publication in conference proceedings
Published: 2017

258. Characterization of the Mid-Frequency Arrays for Advanced ACTPol

Author: Brian J. Koopman, Federico Nati, Sara M. Simon, Edward J. Wollack, Suzanne T. Staggs, Jason R. Stevens, Jason E. Austermann, Shannon M. Duff, Joel N. Ullom, Maria Salatino, Johannes Hubmayr, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yaqiong Li, Steve K. Choi, S. P. Ho, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Rahul Datta, Choi, S, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Crowley, K, Datta, R, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Koopman, B, Li, Y, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Salatino, M, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Ullom, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Transition-edge sensor, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Dichroic glass, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Advanced ACTPol, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Detector efficiency, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Microwave
Abstract: The Advanced ACTPol upgrade on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope aims to improve the measurement of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and polarization, using four new dichroic detector arrays fabricated on 150-mm silicon wafers. These bolometric cameras use AlMn transition-edge sensors, coupled to feedhorns with orthomode transducers for polarization sensitivity. The first deployed camera is sensitive to both 150 GHz and 230 GHz. Here we present the lab characterization of the thermal parameters and optical efficiencies for the two newest fielded arrays, each sensitive to both 90 GHz and 150 GHz. We provide assessments of the parameter uniformity across each array with evaluation of systematic uncertainties. Lastly, we show the arrays' initial performance in the field., Comment: Version accepted for publication by Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Published: 2017
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259. Assembly and integration process of the first high density detector array for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Author: Johannes Hubmayr, Maria Salatino, Patricio A. Gallardo, Suzanne T. Staggs, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Shannon M. Duff, Edward J. Wollack, Michael D. Niemack, Yaqiong Li, Steve K. Choi, Shuay Pwu Ho, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Gene C. Hilton, Alessandro Schillaci, Shawn W. Henderson, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Sara M. Simon, Jonathan T. Ward, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Federico Nati, Li, Y, Choi, S, Ho, S, Crowley, K, Salatino, M, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Nati, F, Ward, J, Schmitt, B, Henderson, S, Koopman, B, Gallardo, P, Vavagiakis, E, Niemack, M, Mcmahon, J, Duff, S, Schillaci, A, Hubmayr, J, Hilton, G, Beall, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, Condensed Matter Physic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, Cosmic Microwave Background, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Advanced ACTPol, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Electronic circuit, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical and Magnetic Material, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Polarization (waves), Applied Mathematic, Array packaging, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Transition edge sensor, business
Abstract: The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) consists of multichroic Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector arrays to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization anisotropies in multiple frequency bands. The first AdvACT detector array, sensitive to both 150 and 230 GHz, is fabricated on a 150 mm diameter wafer and read out with a completely different scheme compared to ACTPol. Approximately 2000 TES bolometers are packed into the wafer leading to both a much denser detector density and readout circuitry. The demonstration of the assembly and integration of the AdvACT arrays is important for the next generation CMB experiments, which will continue to increase the pixel number and density. We present the detailed assembly process of the first AdvACT detector array.
Published: 2016

260. Optical design and modelling of the QUBIC instrument, a next-generation quasi-optical bolometric interferometer for cosmology

Author: A. Ghribi, L. Montier, D. Cammileri, D. Burke, L. Grandsire, J. Brossard, Peter T. Timbie, J. A. Murphy, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Giampaolo Pisano, N. Bleurvacq, J. C. Hamilton, P. Battaglia, J. Kaplan, Emory F. Bunn, G. Bordier, Marco Bersanelli, Alessandro Schillaci, Mario Zannoni, M. Giard, J.-Ph. Bernard, S. Scully, B. Bélier, J. Lande, O. Rigaut, T. Decourcelle, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, A. Mennella, D. Buzi, A. Gault, Cristian Franceschet, M. Piat, O. Perdereau, D. Prêle, D. Bennet, Victor Haynes, L. Dumoulin, S. Banfi, J. Martino, F. Voisin, Lucio Piccirillo, D. Viganò, Sophie Henrot-Versille, M. W. Ng, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Massimo Gervasi, Andrei Korotkov, Marcin Gradziel, F. Piacentini, Maria Salatino, P. Chanial, Damien Rambaud, Jonathan Aumont, Simon J. Melhuish, A. Baù, N. Holtzer, M. De Petris, Mark McCulloch, M. Stolpovskiy, F. Del Torto, S. Marnieros, Bruno Maffei, P. de Bernardis, F. Pajot, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, Francesco Cavaliere, Gregory S. Tucker, L. Bergé, Alessandro Coppolecchia, A. Lowitz, M. Tristram, C. Perbost, B. Watson, R. Puddu, F. Couchot, D. Néel, A. Passerini, A. Tartari, C. Chapron, Silvia Masi, Holland, WS, Scully, S, Burke, D, O'Sullivan, C, Gayer, D, Gradziel, M, Murphy, J, De Petris, M, Buzi, D, Zannoni, M, Mennella, A, Gervasi, M, Tartari, A, Maffei, B, Aumont, J, Banfi, S, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Bau', A, Bélier, B, Bennet, D, Bergé, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot Sazy, M, Bleurvacq, N, Bordier, G, Brossard, J, Bunn, E, Cammileri, D, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Chapron, C, Coppolecchia, A, Couchot, F, D'Alessandro, G, De Bernardis, P, Decourcelle, T, Del Torto, F, Dumoulin, L, Franceschet, C, Gault, A, Ghribi, A, Giard, M, Giraud Héraud, Y, Grandsire, L, Hamilton, J, Haynes, V, Henrot Versillé, S, Holtzer, N, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Lande, J, Lowitz, A, Marnieros, S, Martino, J, Masi, S, Mcculloch, M, Melhuish, S, Montier, L, Néel, D, Ng, M, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Perbost, C, Perdereau, O, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Prêle, D, Puddu, R, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Stolpovskiy, M, Timbie, P, Tristram, M, Tucker, G, Viganò, D, Voisin, F, and Watson, B
Subjects: Bolometric interferometry, QUBIC, Aperture, Cosmic microwave background, Condensed Matter Physic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Stokes parameters, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, business.industry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, B-modes, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Applied Mathematic, Interferometry, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, B-mode, symbols, business
Abstract: Big Bang cosmologies predict that the cosmic microwave background (CMB) contains faint temperature and polarisation anisotropies imprinted in the early universe. ESA's PLANCK satellite has already measured the temperature anisotropies1 in exquisite detail; the next ambitious step is to map the primordial polarisation signatures which are several orders of magnitude lower. Polarisation E-modes have been measured2 but the even-fainter primordial B-modes have so far eluded detection. Their magnitude is unknown but it is clear that a sensitive telescope with exceptional control over systematic errors will be required. QUBIC3 is a ground-based European experiment that aims to exploit the novel concept of bolometric interferometry in order to measure B-mode polarisation anisotropies in the CMB. Beams from an aperture array of corrugated horns will be combined to form a synthesised image of the sky Stokes parameters on two focal planes: one at 150 GHz the other at 220 GHz. In this paper we describe recent optical modelling of the QUBIC beam combiner, concentrating on modelling the instrument point-spread-function and its operation in the 220-GHz band. We show the effects of optical aberrations and truncation as successive components are added to the beam path. In the case of QUBIC, the aberrations introduced by off-axis mirrors are the dominant contributor. As the frequency of operation is increased, the aperture horns allow up to five hybrid modes to propagate and we illustrate how the beam pattern changes across the 25% bandwidth. Finally we describe modifications to the QUBIC optical design to be used in a technical demonstrator, currently being manufactured for testing in 2016.
Published: 2016

261. The design and characterization of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for Advanced ACTPol

Author: Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Laura Newburgh, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Sara M. Simon, Felicity B. Hills, Maria Salatino, Shannon M. Duff, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Alec Josaitis, Jason E. Austermann, Johannes Hubmayr, Steve K. Choi, Jonathan T. Ward, Patricio A. Gallardo, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Suzanne T. Staggs, James A. Beall, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Shawn W. Henderson, Edward J. Wollack, Kevin Coughlin, Simon, S, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Choi, S, Coughlin, K, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Henderson, S, Hills, F, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Josaitis, A, Koopman, B, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Staggs, S, Vavagiakis, E, Ward, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Spline-profiled, Cosmic microwave background, Condensed Matter Physic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radio spectrum, Optics, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Advanced ACTPol, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wideband, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical and Magnetic Material, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Polarization (waves), Feedhorn, Applied Mathematic, Brightness temperature, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, business
Abstract: Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) is an upgraded camera for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) that will measure the cosmic microwave background in temperature and polarization over a wide range of angular scales and five frequency bands from 28-230 GHz. AdvACT will employ four arrays of feedhorn-coupled, polarization- sensitive multichroic detectors. To accommodate the higher pixel packing densities necessary to achieve Ad- vACT's sensitivity goals, we have developed and optimized wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the AdvACT multichroic arrays that maximize coupling efficiency while carefully controlling polarization systematics. We present the design, fabrication, and testing of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for the multichroic arrays of AdvACT.
Published: 2016

262. Optical modeling and polarization calibration for CMB measurements with ACTPol and Advanced ACTPol

Author: Shannon M. Duff, Brian J. Koopman, Jason E. Austermann, Federico Nati, Shawn W. Henderson, Kent D. Irwin, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Edward J. Wollack, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Jeff McMahon, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Johannes Hubmayr, Michael D. Niemack, Laura Newburgh, Patricio A. Gallardo, Jonathan T. Ward, Sara M. Simon, Kevin Coughlin, Maria Salatino, Lyman A. Page, Alessandro Schillaci, Matthew Hasselfield, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Dale Li, Koopman, B, Austermann, J, Cho, H, Coughlin, K, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Hasselfield, M, Henderson, S, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, K, Li, D, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Newburgh, L, Page, L, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Simon, S, Vavagiakis, E, Ward, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, Electronic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ACTPol, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Brewster's angle, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical and Magnetic Material, Polarimeter, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Polarization (waves), Applied Mathematic, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, symbols, Transition edge sensor, business, Detector angle, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) is a polarization sensitive upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. Located at an elevation of 5190 m, ACTPol measures the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization with arcminute-scale angular resolution. Calibration of the detector angles is a critical step in producing maps of the CMB polarization. Polarization angle offsets in the detector calibration can cause leakage in polarization from E to B modes and induce a spurious signal in the EB and TB cross correlations, which eliminates our ability to measure potential cosmological sources of EB and TB signals, such as cosmic birefringence. We present our optical modeling and measurements associated with calibrating the detector angles in ACTPol., 12 pages, 8 figures, conference proceedings submitted to Proceedings of SPIE; added reference in section 2 and merged repeated reference
Published: 2016

263. Advanced ACTPol Multichroic Polarimeter Array Fabrication Process for 150 mm Wafers

Author: Shannon M. Duff, S. P. Ho, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Michael D. Niemack, Federico Nati, Sara M. Simon, Christine G. Pappas, Rahul Datta, Maria Salatino, Suzanne T. Staggs, J. Austermann, Jason R. Stevens, Dan Becker, J. Van Lanen, Shawn W. Henderson, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Gene C. Hilton, Johannes Hubmayr, Edward J. Wollack, J. A. Beall, Patricio A. Gallardo, Dale Li, Jonathan T. Ward, Duff, S, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Becker, D, Datta, R, Gallardo, P, Henderson, S, Hilton, G, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Koopman, B, Li, D, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Pappas, C, Salatino, M, Schmitt, B, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Van Lanen, J, Vavagiakis, E, Ward, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Fabrication, Transition-edge sensor, Cosmic microwave background, SiN, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, AlMn, Bolometer, Detector, Polarimeter, Multichroic, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Optoelectronics, Transition edge sensor, business, Microwave
Abstract: Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) is a third-generation cosmic microwave background receiver to be deployed in 2016 on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Spanning five frequency bands from 25 to 280 GHz and having just over 5600 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, this receiver will exhibit increased sensitivity and mapping speed compared to previously fielded ACT instruments. This paper presents the fabrication processes developed by NIST to scale to large arrays of feedhorn-coupled multichroic AlMn-based TES polarimeters on 150-mm diameter wafers. In addition to describing the streamlined fabrication process which enables high yields of densely packed detectors across larger wafers, we report the details of process improvements for sensor (AlMn) and insulator (SiN(sub x)) materials and microwave structures, and the resulting performance improvements.
Published: 2016

264. Mechanical designs and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for the Advanced ACTPol experiment

Author: Steve K. Choi, Maria Salatino, Jason E. Austermann, Johannes Hubmayr, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Jacob Klein, Shawn W. Henderson, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Mark J. Devlin, Patricio A. Gallardo, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Suzanne T. Staggs, Gene C. Hilton, Shannon M. Duff, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Robert Thornton, Joel N. Ullom, Edward J. Wollack, Jonathan T. Ward, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Niloufar Khavari, Sara M. Simon, Federico Nati, Grace Mumby, Lyman A. Page, Dale Li, Michael D. Niemack, Ward, J, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Choi, S, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Henderson, S, Ho, S, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Khavari, N, Klein, J, Koopman, B, Li, D, Mcmahon, J, Mumby, G, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Thornton, R, Ullom, J, Vavagiakis, E, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, Millimeter-wave, Superconducting detector, Condensed Matter Physic, Cryogenics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Optics, Cosmic Microwave Background, Polarimetry, Polarization, Superconducting detectors, Transition Edge Sensors, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Electronics, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Optical and Magnetic Material, Transition Edge Sensor, Applied Mathematic, Cardinal point, Extremely high frequency, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Waveguide
Abstract: The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with three operating together, totaling ~5800 detectors on the sky. Building on experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various new technologies, including 150mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate, detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol infrastructure., 9 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation conference proceedings
Published: 2016

265. Readout of two-kilopixel transition-edge sensor arrays for Advanced ACTPol

Author: Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Federico Nati, C. P. Fitzgerald, Kent D. Irwin, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Shannon M. Duff, Maria Salatino, Mark Halpern, Yaqiong Li, Jonathan T. Ward, Shawn W. Henderson, Michael D. Niemack, Nicholas F. Cothard, Gene C. Hilton, Jason R. Stevens, Matthew Hasselfield, Mandana Amiri, Dale Li, Carl D. Reintsema, Johannes Hubmayr, Jason E. Austermann, Patricio A. Gallardo, Suzanne T. Staggs, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Sara M. Simon, Steve K. Choi, Eve M. Vavagiakis, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Henderson, S, Stevens, J, Amiri, M, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Chaudhuri, S, Cho, H, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Crowley, K, Duff, S, Fitzgerald, C, Gallardo, P, Halpern, M, Hasselfield, M, Hilton, G, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, K, Koopman, B, Li, D, Li, Y, Mcmahon, J, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Reintsema, C, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Vavagiakis, E, and Ward, J
Subjects: Transition-Edge Sensors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Multiplexing Factor, Condensed Matter Physic, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, Transition-Edge Sensor, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer Science::Information Theory, Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Detector, Bolometer, Time-division SQUID Multiplexing, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical and Magnetic Material, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Condensed Matter Physics, SQUID, Applied Mathematic, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Transition edge sensor, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Advanced ACTPol is an instrument upgrade for the six-meter Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) designed to measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization with arcminute-scale angular resolution. To achieve its science goals, Advanced ACTPol utilizes a larger readout multiplexing factor than any previous CMB experiment to measure detector arrays with approximately two thousand transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in each 150 mm detector wafer. We present the implementation and testing of the Advanced ACTPol time-division multiplexing readout architecture with a 64-row multiplexing factor. This includes testing of individual multichroic detector pixels and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing chips as well as testing and optimizing of the integrated readout electronics. In particular, we describe the new automated multiplexing SQUID tuning procedure developed to select and optimize the thousands of SQUID parameters required to readout each Advanced ACTPol array. The multichroic detector pixels in each array use separate channels for each polarization and each of the two frequencies, such that four TESes must be read out per pixel. Challenges addressed include doubling the number of detectors per multiplexed readout channel compared to ACTPol and optimizing the Nyquist inductance to minimize detector and SQUID noise aliasing., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, July 2016
Published: 2016
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266. Advanced ACTPol Cryogenic Detector Arrays and Readout

Author: S. M. Simon, Jason E. Austermann, S. P. Ho, John P. Hughes, Nick Battaglia, Shannon M. Duff, F. De Bernardis, Erminia Calabrese, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Brian J. Koopman, Rahul Datta, Jeff McMahon, Federico Nati, B. D. Sherwin, Kent D. Irwin, Rupert Allison, Maria Salatino, S. Henderson, A. van Engelen, Edward J. Wollack, L. A. Page, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Laura Newburgh, Steve K. Choi, J. A. Beall, Emily Grace, Kevin T. Crowley, Prajwal Niraula, David N. Spergel, Alessandro Schillaci, Kevin Coughlin, Michael D. Niemack, Johannes Hubmayr, Neelima Sehgal, Jason R. Stevens, J. R. Bond, D. T. Becker, Suzanne T. Staggs, R. Dunner, Mark J. Devlin, Renée Hlozek, Patricio A. Gallardo, Matthew Hasselfield, Taylor Baildon, Robert Thornton, Jonathan Sievers, Gene C. Hilton, Jonathan T. Ward, Jo Dunkley, J. Van Lanen, Dale Li, F. Hills, B. L. Schmitt, Christine G. Pappas, Arthur Kosowsky, Charles Munson, Adam D. Hincks, Henderson, S, Allison, R, Austermann, J, Baildon, T, Battaglia, N, Beall, J, Becker, D, De Bernardis, F, Bond, J, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Coughlin, K, Crowley, K, Datta, R, Devlin, M, Duff, S, Dunkley, J, Dã¼nner, R, van Engelen, A, Gallardo, P, Grace, E, Hasselfield, M, Hills, F, Hilton, G, Hincks, A, Hloẑek, R, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Irwin, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Li, D, Mcmahon, J, Munson, C, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Niraula, P, Page, L, Pappas, C, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sehgal, N, Sherwin, B, Sievers, J, Simon, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Thornton, R, Van Lanen, J, Vavagiakis, E, Ward, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: and Optic, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Millimeter-wave, Superconducting detector, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, Radio spectrum, Optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Polarimetry, General Materials Science, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Transition edge sensors, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Bolometers, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atomic and Molecular Physic, Upgrade, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Superconducting detectors, Materials Science (all), Transition edge sensor, and Optics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Advanced ACTPol is a polarization-sensitive upgrade for the 6 m aperture Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), adding new frequencies and increasing sensitivity over the previous ACTPol receiver. In 2016, Advanced ACTPol will begin to map approximately half the sky in five frequency bands (28-230 GHz). Its maps of primary and secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies -- imaged in intensity and polarization at few arcminute-scale resolution -- will enable precision cosmological constraints and also a wide array of cross-correlation science that probes the expansion history of the universe and the growth of structure via gravitational collapse. To accomplish these scientific goals, the Advanced ACTPol receiver will be a significant upgrade to the ACTPol receiver, including four new multichroic arrays of cryogenic, feedhorn-coupled AlMn transition edge sensor (TES) polarimeters (fabricated on 150 mm diameter wafers); a system of continuously rotating meta-material silicon half-wave plates; and a new multiplexing readout architecture which uses superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and time division to achieve a 64-row multiplexing factor. Here we present the status and scientific goals of the Advanced ACTPol instrument, emphasizing the design and implementation of the Advanced ACTPol cryogenic detector arrays., 9 pages, 3 figures, conference proceedings submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Published: 2016

267. Survey strategy optimization for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Author: Kevin T. Crowley, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, David N. Spergel, Shawn W. Henderson, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Jonathan Sievers, Erminia Calabrese, John Bond, Sigurd Naess, Suzanne T. Staggs, Joanna Dunkley, Laura Newburgh, Sara M. Simon, Michael D. Niemack, A. van Engelen, Mark J. Devlin, Patricio A. Gallardo, Steve K. Choi, F. De Bernardis, Federico Nati, Maria Salatino, Matt Hilton, L. A. Page, Jason R. Stevens, David Alonso, Renée Hlozek, Jeff McMahon, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Thibaut Louis, Neelima Sehgal, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Matthew Hasselfield, Edward J. Wollack, Arthur Kosowsky, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Brian J. Koopman, De Bernardis, F, Stevens, J, Hasselfield, M, Alonso, D, Bond, J, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Crowley, K, Devlin, M, Dunkley, J, Gallardo, P, Henderson, S, Hilton, M, Hlozek, R, Ho, S, Huffenberger, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Madhavacheril, M, Mcmahon, J, Næss, S, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Page, L, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sehgal, N, Sievers, J, Simon, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Van Engelen, A, Vavagiakis, E, and Wollack, E
Subjects: Daytime, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physic, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radio spectrum, law.invention, Telescope, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, QB, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Optical and Magnetic Material, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Galaxy, Applied Mathematic, Sky, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract: In recent years there have been significant improvements in the sensitivity and the angular resolution of the instruments dedicated to the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). ACTPol is the first polarization receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and is observing the CMB sky with arcmin resolution over about 2000 sq. deg. Its upgrade, Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT), will observe the CMB in five frequency bands and over a larger area of the sky. We describe the optimization and implementation of the ACTPol and AdvACT surveys. The selection of the observed fields is driven mainly by the science goals, that is, small angular scale CMB measurements, B-mode measurements and cross-correlation studies. For the ACTPol survey we have observed patches of the southern galactic sky with low galactic foreground emissions which were also chosen to maximize the overlap with several galaxy surveys to allow unique cross-correlation studies. A wider field in the northern galactic cap ensured significant additional overlap with the BOSS spectroscopic survey. The exact shapes and footprints of the fields were optimized to achieve uniform coverage and to obtain cross-linked maps by observing the fields with different scan directions. We have maximized the efficiency of the survey by implementing a close to 24 hour observing strategy, switching between daytime and nighttime observing plans and minimizing the telescope idle time. We describe the challenges represented by the survey optimization for the significantly wider area observed by AdvACT, which will observe roughly half of the low-foreground sky. The survey strategies described here may prove useful for planning future ground-based CMB surveys, such as the Simons Observatory and CMB Stage IV surveys., Comment: 14 Pages, 9 Figures, 4 Tables
Published: 2016
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268. AlMn Transition Edge Sensors for Advanced ACTPol

Author: Shawn W. Henderson, Shuay Pwu Ho, Shannon M. Duff, James A. Beall, Johannes Hubmayr, Maria Salatino, Edward J. Wollack, Patricio A. Gallardo, Gene C. Hilton, Michael D. Niemack, Suzanne T. Staggs, Jeff Van Lanen, Jonathan T. Ward, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Jason E. Austermann, Federico Nati, Sara M. Simon, Daniel T. Becker, Christine G. Pappas, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Dale Li, Li, D, Austermann Jason, E, Beall James, A, Becker Daniel, T, Duff Shannon, M, Gallardo Patricio, A, Henderson Shawn, W, Hilton Gene, C, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Koopman Brian, J, Mcmahon Jeffrey, J, Nati, F, Niemack Michael, D, Pappas Christine, G, Salatino, M, Schmitt Benjamin, L, Simon Sara, M, Staggs Suzanne, T, Van Lanen, J, Ward Jonathan, T, and Wollack Edward, J
Subjects: Materials science, Bolometer, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Heat capacity, law.invention, Heating, Thermal conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Critical temperature, General Materials Science, Thin film, 010306 general physics, Superconductivity, business.industry, AlMn, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, engineering, Optoelectronics, Microfabrication, Transition edge sensor, Superconductor, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) will use an array of multichroic polarization-sensitive AlMn transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out through time-division multiplexing. Aluminum doped with a low concentration of manganese can be deposited to a bulk film thickness for a more reliable superconducting critical temperature uniformity compared to thin bilayers. To build the TES, the AlMn alloy is deposited, over Nb wiring, to a specific thickness to set the TES normal resistance. The doping concentration of manganese coarsely defines the TES critical temperature, while a fine tuning is achieved by heating the deposited film to a specific temperature. The TES island is connected to the thermal bath via four silicon-nitride membranes, where their geometry defines the thermal conductance to the temperature of the bath. Lastly, the TES heat capacity is increased by addition of PdAu electrically connected to the AlMn film. Designs and performance characteristics of these AlMn TESs are presented for use in AdvACT.
Published: 2016

269. QUBIC: A Fizeau Interferometer Targeting Primordial B-Modes

Author: J.-Ph. Bernard, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, Lucio Piccirillo, D. Buzi, J. Martino, F. Voisin, D. Prêle, Maria Salatino, J.-Ch. Hamilton, L. Montier, A. Mennella, L. Dumoulin, M. Giard, C. Perbost, F. Piacentini, D. Bennett, A. Lowitz, D. Viganò, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Francesco Cavaliere, Jonathan Aumont, Emory F. Bunn, P. Chanial, P. Battaglia, Gregory S. Tucker, N. Bleurvacq, J. Kaplan, G. Bordier, Massimo Gervasi, B. Bélier, T. Decourcelle, Alessandro Schillaci, Simon J. Melhuish, Cristian Franceschet, A. Baù, N. Holtzer, Andrei Korotkov, Damien Rambaud, Giuseppe D'Alessandro, Mark McCulloch, S. Marnieros, Silvia Masi, M. Piat, M. Stolpovskiy, F. Del Torto, P. de Bernardis, Giampaolo Pisano, C. Chapron, A. Ghribi, A. Gault, J. Lande, L. Grandsire, S. Banfi, Peter T. Timbie, D. Cammilleri, D. Néel, Victor Haynes, Marcin Gradziel, O. Rigaut, A. Passerini, A. Tartari, M. De Petris, M. W. Ng, Marco Bersanelli, Mario Zannoni, S. Scully, Anna Murphy, B. Watson, J. Brossard, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, Bruno Maffei, F. Pajot, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Elia S. Battistelli, D. Gayer, CSNSM INSTRU, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM PS1), Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Tartari, A, Aumont, J, Banfi, S, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Bau', A, Bélier, B, Bennett, D, Bergé, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot Sazy, M, Bleurvacq, N, Bordier, G, Brossard, J, Bunn, E, Buzi, D, Cammilleri, D, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Chapron, C, Coppolecchia, A, D’Alessandro, G, De Bernardis, P, Decourcelle, T, Del Torto, F, De Petris, M, Dumoulin, L, Franceschet, C, Gault, A, Gayer, D, Gervasi, M, Ghribi, A, Giard, M, Giraud Héraud, Y, Gradziel, M, Grandsire, L, Hamilton, J, Haynes, V, Holtzer, N, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Lande, J, Lowitz, A, Maffei, B, Marnieros, S, Martino, J, Masi, S, Mcculloch, M, Melhuish, S, Mennella, A, Montier, L, Murphy, A, Néel, D, Ng, M, O’Sullivan, C, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Perbost, C, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Prêle, D, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Scully, S, Stolpovskiy, M, Timbie, P, Tucker, G, Viganò, D, Voisin, F, Watson, B, and Zannoni, M
Subjects: Fizeau interferometer, Cosmic microwave background, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Optics, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Polarisation, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, B-mode, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Materials Science (all), business.industry, Emphasis (telecommunications), Bolometer, Interferometry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], and Optics, Cosmic microwave background · Polarisation · B-mode, business, Multipole expansion, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is a Fizeau interferometer sensitive to linear polarisation, to be deployed at the Antarctic station of Dome C. This experiment in its final configuration will be operated at 97, 150 and 220GHz and is intended to target CMB primordial B-modes in a multipole window 20 < ℓ< 150. A sensitivity of r= 0.05 (95% CL) can be reached by the first module alone, after 2years of operation. Here we review in particular its working principles, and we show how the QUBIC interferometric configuration can be considered equivalent to a pupil-plane filtered imaging system. In this context, we show how our instrument can be self-calibrated. Finally, we conclude by showing an overview of the first dual-band module (150/220GHz), which will serve also as a demonstrator for the subsequent units, and review the technological choices we made for each subsystem, with particular emphasis on the detection system.
Published: 2016

270. Design and Deployment of a Multichroic Polarimeter Array on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Author: Michael D. Niemack, Jon Ward, Shawn W. Henderson, Shannon M. Duff, Federico Nati, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Suzanne T. Staggs, J. Austermann, Charles Munson, Rahul Datta, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin Coughlin, Patricio A. Gallardo, Edward J. Wollack, Jeff McMahon, Dan Becker, Dale Li, Christine G. Pappas, Sara M. Simon, E. Grace, Lyman A. Page, Jason R. Stevens, Matthew Hasselfield, Maria Salatino, James A. Beall, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff Van Lanen, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Gene C. Hilton, Datta, R, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Becker, D, Coughlin, K, Duff, S, Gallardo, P, Grace, E, Hasselfield, M, Henderson, S, Hilton, G, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Koopman, B, Lanen, J, Li, D, Mcmahon, J, Munson, C, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Pappas, C, Salatino, M, Schmitt, B, Schillaci, A, Simon, S, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Vavagiakis, E, Ward, J, and Wollack, E
Subjects: and Optic, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Anti-reflection coating, cosmic microwave background, feedhorn, millimeter wave, polarimeter, silicon lenses, superconducting detectors, TES, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Materials Science (all), Condensed Matter Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Superconducting detector, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Broadband, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Millimeter wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimeter, Feedhorn, Atomic and Molecular Physic, Sky, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, NIST, Silicon lense, and Optics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: We present the design and the preliminary on sky performance with respect to beams and pass-bands of a multichroic polarimeter array covering the 90 and 146 GHz Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) bands and its enabling broadband optical system recently deployed on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The constituent pixels are feedhorn-coupled multichroic polarimeters fabricated at NIST. This array is coupled to the ACT telescope via a set of three silicon lenses incorporating novel broad-band metamaterial anti-reflection coatings. This receiver represents the first multichroic detector array deployed for a CMB experiment and paves the way for the extensive use of multichroic detectors and broadband optical systems in the next generation of CMB experiments.
Published: 2015
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271. Latest Progress on the QUBIC Instrument

Author: A. Ghribi, J. Aumont, E. S. Battistelli, A. Bau, B. Bélier, L. Bergé, J.-Ph. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, G. Bordier, E. T. Bunn, F. Cavaliere, P. Chanial, A. Coppolecchia, T. Decourcelle, P. De Bernardis, M. De Petris, A.-A. Drilien, L. Dumoulin, M. C. Falvella, A. Gault, M. Gervasi, M. Giard, M. Gradziel, L. Grandsire, D. Gayer, J.-Ch. Hamilton, V. Haynes, Y. Giraud-Héraud, N. Holtzer, J. Kaplan, A. Korotkov, J. Lande, A. Lowitz, B. Maffei, S. Marnieros, J. Martino, S. Masi, A. Mennella, L. Montier, A. Murphy, M. W. Ng, E. Olivieri, F. Pajot, A. Passerini, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, L. Piccirillo, G. Pisano, D. Prêle, D. Rambaud, O. Rigaut, C. Rosset, M. Salatino, A. Schillaci, S. Scully, C. O’Sullivan, A. Tartari, P. Timbie, G. Tucker, L. Vibert, F. Voisin, B. Watson, M. Zannoni, Ghribi, A, Aumont, J, Battistelli, E, Bau', A, Bélier, B, Bergé, L, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bigot Sazy, M, Bordier, G, Bunn, E, Cavaliere, F, Chanial, P, Coppolecchia, A, Decourcelle, T, Bernardis, P, Petris, M, Drilien, A, Dumoulin, L, Falvella, M, Gault, A, Gervasi, M, Giard, M, Gradziel, M, Grandsire, L, Gayer, D, Hamilton, J, Haynes, V, Giraud Héraud, Y, Holtzer, N, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Lande, J, Lowitz, A, Maffei, B, Marnieros, S, Martino, J, Masi, S, Mennella, A, Montier, L, Murphy, A, Ng, M, Olivieri, E, Pajot, F, Passerini, A, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Prêle, D, Rambaud, D, Rigaut, O, Rosset, C, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Scully, S, O’Sullivan, C, Tartari, A, Timbie, P, Tucker, G, Vibert, L, Voisin, F, Watson, B, Zannoni, M, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QUBIC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière ( CSNSM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bolometric interferometry, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Experimental Physics, Computer science, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, B-modes, Polarization, Transition Edge Sensors, Bolometric Interferometry, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Inflation (cosmology), Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Holy Grail, Interferometry, B-mode, Computer Science::Programming Languages, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: QUBIC is a unique instrument that crosses the barriers between classical imaging architectures and interferometry taking advantage from both for high sensitivity and systematics mitigation. The scientific target is the detection of the primordial gravitational waves imprint on the Cosmic Microwave Background which are the proof of inflation, holy grail of modern cosmology. In this paper, we show the latest advances in the development of the architecture and the sub-systems of the first module of this instrument to be deployed in Dome Charlie Concordia base - Antarctica in 2015., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, conference LTD15
Published: 2014

272. QUBIC: the Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology

Author: Massimo Gervasi, C. Giordano, A. Passerini, Andrei Korotkov, E. Bréelle, Jean Christophe Hamilton, A. Ghribi, L. Vibert, Gregory S. Tucker, Emory F. Bunn, Angelo Cruciani, B. Maffei, P. de Bernardis, Michel Piat, J. Martino, G. Curran, A. Bounab, L. Guglielmi, F. Voisin, Elia S. Battistelli, Alessandro Schillaci, Roberto Sordini, R. Charlassier, F. Piacentini, Andrea Tartari, A. Baù, Lucio Piccirillo, G. Bordier, Y. Giraud-Heraud, Maria Salatino, M. Maiello, Martino Calvo, D. Bennett, S. Peterzen, L. Dumoulin, Peter Timbie, Silvia Masi, J. Kaplan, D. Prêle, S. Malu, Victor Haynes, Giampaolo Pisano, Martin Giard, M.-A. Bigot-Sazy, David Romano, J. Lande, Sophie Collin, Mario Zannoni, Federico Nati, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Laurent Bergé, Robert A. Watson, Marcin Gradziel, Gianluca Polenta, François Pajot, L. A. Montier, C. Parisel, A. Gault, S. Spinelli, C. Rosset, Anna Murphy, S. Marnieros, J.-P. Bernard, G. Sironi, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), QUBIC, Piat, M, Battistelli, E, Bau', A, Bennett, D, Berge, L, Bernard, J, de Bernardis, P, Bigot Sazy, M, Bordier, G, Bounab, A, Breelle, E, Bunn, E, Calvo, M, Charlassier, R, Collin, S, Cruciani, A, Curran, G, Dumoulin, L, Gault, A, Gervasi, M, Ghribi, A, Giard, M, Giordano, C, Giraud Heraud, Y, Gradziel, M, Guglielmi, L, Hamilton, J, Haynes, V, Kaplan, J, Korotkov, A, Lande, J, Maffei, B, Maiello, M, Malu, S, Marnieros, S, Martino, J, Masi, S, Montier, L, Murphy, A, Nati, F, O'Sullivan, C, Pajot, F, Parisel, C, Passerini, A, Peterzen, S, Piacentini, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Polenta, G, Prele, D, Romano, D, Rosset, C, Salatino, M, Schillaci, A, Sironi, G, Sordini, R, Spinelli, S, Tartari, A, Timbie, P, Tucker, G, Vibert, L, Voisin, F, Watson, R, Zannoni, M, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM INSTR, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CSNSM PS1, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Department of Experimental Physics, National University of Ireland Maynooth (Maynooth University), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CNRS/Université de Toulouse, Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Department of Physics [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Manchester [Manchester], Brown University, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Raman Research Institute, ASI Science Data Center, Bergé, L, A., B, Bréelle, E, Coppolecchia, A, Giraud Héraud, Y, Landé, J, O’Sullivan, C, de Petris, M, and Prêle, D
Subjects: Bolometric interferometry, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, law.invention, Gravitational wave background, law, bolometer, cosmic microwave background, polarisation, interferometer, Cosmic Microwave Background, General Materials Science, Interferometer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Polarisation, media_common, Physics, instrumentation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, bolometric interferometry, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interferometry, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, Bolometer, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology, Cosmic Microwave Background, Inflation, Instrumentation, Bolometric interferometry, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Materials Science(all), 0103 physical sciences, inflation, 010306 general physics, cosmology, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Inflation (cosmology), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Inflation, Universe, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract: One of the major challenges of modern cosmology is the detection of B-mode polarization anisotropies in the CMB. These originate from tensor fluctuations of the metric produced during the inflationary phase. Their detection would therefore constitute a major step towards understanding the primordial Universe. The expected level of these anisotropies is however so small that it requires a new generation of instruments with high sensitivity and extremely good control of systematic effects. We propose the QUBIC instrument based on the novel concept of bolometric interferometry, bringing together the sensitivity advantages of bolometric detectors with the systematics effects advantages of interferometry. Methods: The instrument will directly observe the sky through an array of entry horns whose signals will be combined together using an optical combiner. The whole set-up is located inside a cryostat. Polarization modulation will be achieved using a rotating half-wave plate and interference fringes will be imaged on two focal planes (separated by a polarizing grid) tiled with bolometers. We show that QUBIC can be considered as a synthetic imager, exactly similar to a usual imager but with a synthesized beam formed by the array of entry horns. Scanning the sky provides an additional modulation of the signal and improve the sky coverage shape. The usual techniques of map-making and power spectrum estimation can then be applied. We show that the sensitivity of such an instrument is comparable with that of an imager with the same number of horns. We anticipate a low level of beam-related systematics thanks to the fact that the synthesized beam is determined by the location of the primary horns. Other systematics should be under good control thanks to an autocalibration technique, specific to our concept, that will permit the accurate determination of most of the systematics parameters., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2012

273. Progress in Precision Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Author: P. de Bernardis, Alessandro Coppolecchia, Silvia Masi, A. Cruciani, Martino Calvo, Maria Salatino, C. Giordano, Alessandro Schillaci, Federico Nati, De Bernardis, P, Calvo, M, Coppolecchia, A, Cruciani, A, Giordano, C, Masi, S, Nati, F, Salatino, M, and Schillaci, A
Subjects: Physics, Inflation (cosmology), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Age of the universe, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, CMB, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cosmology, Universe, symbols.namesake, Observational cosmology, symbols, Planck, Neutrino, media_common
Abstract: High precision measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) represent one of the most difficult challenges in observational cosmology, but promise to unveil the mysteries of the very early Universe and of the birth of structures. Three observables are available. The small polarized CMB signal is probably carrying a signature of the early inflationary dynamics of the Universe. It is, however, embedded in overwhelming noise, systematic effects, and polarized foreground. The imprint of the large scale structure in the universe is present in the small-scale anisotropy of the CMB and in its spectral signatures (secondary anisotropy), again mixed with foreground contaminants. Low-level non-Gaussian components of CMB anisotropy and polarization also provide a very promising way to constrain inflation and the physics of ultra-high energies, if foregrounds can be efficiently separated from the measured signal. If measured with high precision, as required by the science issues above, the spectra of CMB anisotropy and polarization also constrain efficiently neutrino properties, hence their interest in this conference. Here we summarize the current status of CMB measurements, dominated by the Planck survey, and delineate the forthcoming activities, needed to exploit the huge scientific potential of precision measurements of the CMB, including the detection of neutrino masses.
Published: 2011

274. SAGACE : The spectroscopic active galaxies and clusters explorer

Author: D. Bagliani, Alessandro Schillaci, A. Conte, Mattia Negrello, Marcella Massardi, Phil Mauskopf, Andrea Tartari, Lavinia Nati, Alberto Franceschini, Paolo de Bernardis, R. Vaccarone, Federico Nati, Simone De Gregori, Mario Zannoni, Paolo Giommi, Andrea Lapi, F. Piacentini, Alessandra Tortora, Gianfranco De Zotti, Mark Birkinshaw, Antonio Bardi, Gemma Luzzi, Silvia Masi, Alessandro Wasum Mariani, G. Polenta, Marco Tavanti, Elia S. Battistelli, P. Marchegiani, Marco De Petris, Flavio Gatti, Martino Calvo, J. González-Nuevo, Valfredo Zolesi, Massimo Gervasi, C. Giordano, Sergio Colafrancesco, Roberto Maiolino, S. Spinelli, Alessandro Donati, Maria Salatino, Luca Lamagna, Paolo Natoli, Giorgio Savini, L. Ferrari, Mattia Vaccari, De Bernardis, P, Bagliani, D, Bardi, A, Battistelli, E, Birkinshaw, M, Calvo, M, Colafrancesco, S, Conte, A, De Gregori, S, De Petris, M, De Zotti, G, Donati, A, Ferrari, L, Franceschini, A, Gatti, F, Gervasi, M, Giommi, P, Giordano, C, Gonzalez Nuevo, J, Lamagna, L, Lapi, A, Luzzi, G, Maiolino, R, Marchegiani, P, Mariani, A, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Mauskopf, P, Nati, F, Nati, L, Natoli, P, Negrello, M, Piacentini, F, Polenta, G, Salatino, M, Savini, G, Schillaci, A, Spinelli, S, Tartari, A, Tavanti, M, Tortora, A, Vaccari, M, Vaccarone, R, Zannoni, M, and Zolesi, V
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, Clusters of galaxie, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spectrometer, cosmic microwave background, space experiments, spectrometry, active galaxies, cosmology, Cosmic microwave background, law.invention, Primary mirror, Telescope, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Clusters of galaxies, Spectrometers, Quantum gravity, Early galaxie, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space experiment, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Redshift, Cosmology, General relativity, Early galaxies, Space experiments, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gravitation, Molniya orbit, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The SAGACE experiment consists of a mm/sub-mm telescope with a 3-m diameter primary mirror, coupled to a cryogenic multi-beam differential spectrometer. SAGACE explores the sky in the 100-760 GHz frequency range, using four diffraction-limited bolometer arrays. The instrument is designed to perform spectroscopic surveys of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects of thousands of galaxy clusters, of the spectral energy distribution of active galactic nuclei, and of the [CII] line of a thousand galaxies in the redshift desert. In 2008 a full phase-A study for a national small mission was completed and delivered to the Italian Space Agency (ASI). We have shown that taking advantage of the differential operation of the Fourier Transform Spectrometer, this ambitious instrument can operate from a Molniya orbit, and can be built and operated within the tight budget of a small mission., Proceedings of the 12th Marcel Grossman Meeting

275. Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos

Author: Schaan, Emmanuel, Ferraro, Simone, Amodeo, Stefania, Battaglia, Nick, Aiola, Simone, Austermann, Jason E., Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Becker, Daniel T., Bond, Richard J., Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Choi, Steve K., Denison, Edward V., Devlin, Mark J., Duff, Shannon M., Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J., Dunkley, Jo, Dünner, Rolando, Gallardo, Patricio A., Guan, Yilun, Han, Dongwon, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene C., Hilton, Matt, Hložek, Renée, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hughes, John P., Koopman, Brian J., MacInnis, Amanda, McMahon, Jeff, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Moodley, Kavilan, Mroczkowski, Tony, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Newburgh, Laura B., Niemack, Michael D., Page, Lyman A., Partridge, Bruce, Salatino, Maria, Sehgal, Neelima, Schillaci, Alessandro, Sifón, Cristóbal, Smith, Kendrick M., Spergel, David N., Staggs, Suzanne, Storer, Emilie R., Trac, Hy, Page, A., Ullom, Joel N., Van Lanen, Jeff, R. Vale, Leila, van Engelen, Alexander, Vargas Magaña, Mariana, M. Vavagiakis, Eve, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Schaan, E, Ferraro, S, Amodeo, S, Battaglia, N, Aiola, S, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Bean, R, Becker, D, Bond, R, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Choi, S, Denison, E, Devlin, M, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Han, D, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hlozek, R, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Koopman, B, Macinnis, A, Mcmahon, J, Madhavacheril, M, Moodley, K, Mroczkowski, T, Naess, S, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Salatino, M, Sehgal, N, Schillaci, A, Sifon, C, Smith, K, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Storer, E, Trac, H, Ullom, J, Van Lanen, J, Vale, L, Van Engelen, A, Magana, M, Vavagiakis, E, Wollack, E, and Xu, Z
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.GA, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, High resolution, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, symbols.namesake, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Planck, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Redshift, Galaxy, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Atacama Cosmology Telescope, symbols, astro-ph.CO, Halo, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off the free-electron gas in galaxies and clusters leaves detectable imprints on high resolution CMB maps: the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ respectively). We use combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR5 and Planck in combination with the CMASS and LOWZ galaxy catalogs from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS DR10 and DR12), to study the gas associated with these galaxy groups. Using individual reconstructed velocities, we perform a stacking analysis and reject the no-kSZ hypothesis at 6.5$\sigma$, the highest significance to date. This directly translates into a measurement of the electron number density profile, and thus of the gas density profile. Despite the limited signal to noise, the measurement shows at high significance that the gas density profile is more extended than the dark matter density profile, for any reasonable baryon abundance (formally $>90\sigma$ for the cosmic baryon abundance). We simultaneously measure the tSZ signal, i.e. the electron thermal pressure profile of the same CMASS objects, and reject the no-tSZ hypothesis at 10$\sigma$. We combine tSZ and kSZ measurements to estimate the electron temperature to 20% precision in several aperture bins, and find it comparable to the virial temperature. In a companion paper, we analyze these measurements to constrain the gas thermodynamics and the properties of feedback inside galaxy groups. We present the corresponding LOWZ measurements in this paper, ruling out a null kSZ (tSZ) signal at 2.9 (13.9)$\sigma$, and leave their interpretation to future work. Our stacking software ThumbStack is publicly available at https://github.com/EmmanuelSchaan/ThumbStack and directly applicable to future Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 data., Comment: Accepted in Physical Review D, Editors' Suggestion
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276. The Large-scale polarization explorer : LSPE

Author: Aiola, S., Giorgio Amico, Battaglia, P., Elia Stefano Battistelli, Bau, A., Paolo De Bernardis, Bersanelli, M., Boscaleri, A., Cavaliere, F., Alessandro Coppolecchia, Angelo Cruciani, Cuttaia, F., Addabbo, A. D., Alessandro, G. D., Alessandro, Giuseppe D., Addabbo, G. D., Alessandro, D., Simone De Gregori, Del Torto, F., Marco De Petris, Fiorineschi, L., Franceschet, C., Franceschi, E., Gervasi, M., Goldie, D., Gregorio, A., Haynes, V., Krachmalnicoff, N., Luca Lamagna, Maffei, B., Maino, D., Silvia Masi, Mennella, A., Wah Ng Ming, Wah, N. M., Morgante, G., Federico Nati, Ng, M. W., Luca Pagano, Passerini, A., Peverini, O., Francesco Piacentini, Piccirillo, L., Giampaolo Pisano, Sara Ricciardi, Rissone, P., Romeo, G., Maria Salatino, Sandri, M., Alessandro Schillaci, Stringhetti, L., Tartari, A., Tascone, R., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Tommasi, E., Villa, F., Virone, G., Withington, S., Zacchei, A., Zannoni, M., Mclean, Ian S., Ramsay, Suzanne K., Hideki Takami, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), S., Aiola, G., Amico, P., Battaglia, E., Battistelli, A., Baz, Bernardis, P., M., Bersanelli, A., Boscaleri, F., Cavaliere, A., Coppolecchia, A., Cruciani, F., Cuttaia, A., D'Addabbo, G., D'Alessandro, Gregori, S., Torto, F., Petris, M., L., Fiorineschi, C., Franceschet, E., Franceschi, M., Gervasi, D., Goldie, Gregorio, Anna, V., Hayne, N., Krachmalnicoff, L., Lamagna, B., Maffei, D., Maino, S., Masi, A., Mennella, G., Morgante, F., Nati, M. W., Ng, L., Pagano, A., Passerini, O., Peverini, F., Piacentini, L., Piccirillo, G., Pisano, S., Ricciardi, P., Rissone, G., Romeo, M., Salatino, M., Sandri, A., Schillaci, L., Stringhetti, A., Tartari, R., Tascone, L., Terenzi, M., Tomasi, E., Tommasi, F., Villa, G., Virone, S., Withington, A., Zacchei, M., Zannoni, McLean, IS, Ramsay, SK, Takami, H, Aiola, S, Amico, G, Battaglia, P, Battistelli, E, Baù, A, de Bernardis, P, Bersanelli, M, Boscaleri, A, Cavaliere, F, Coppolecchia, A, Cruciani, A, Cuttaia, F, D'Addabbo, A, D'Alessandro, G, De Gregori, S, Del Torto, F, De Petris, M, Fiorineschi, L, Franceschet, C, Franceschi, E, Gervasi, M, Goldie, D, Gregorio, A, Haynes, V, Krachmalnicoff, N, Lamagna, L, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Masi, S, Mennella, A, Morgante, G, Nati, F, Ng, M, Pagano, L, Passerini, A, Peverini, O, Piacentini, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Ricciardi, S, Rissone, P, Romeo, G, Salatino, M, Sandri, M, Schillaci, A, Stringhetti, L, Tartari, A, Tascone, R, Terenzi, L, Tomasi, M, Tommasi, E, Villa, F, Virone, G, Withington, S, Zacchei, A, and Zannoni, M
Subjects: CMB, Cosmology, Polarimetry, millimeter, sub-millimeter, stratospheric balloon, media_common.quotation_subject, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, radiometers, LSPE, CMB physics, Balloon borne experiment, polarization, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, CMB physic, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Backgorund, Rayleigh sky model, bolometers, polarimetry, wave plates, astrophysics: instrumentation and methods for astrophysics, astrophysics: cosmology and extragalactic astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Cosmic dust, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Stratospheric Balloons, Polarization (waves), Polarimeter, Galaxy, Azimuth, Sky, Radiometer
Abstract: The LSPE is a balloon-borne mission aimed at measuring the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at large angular scales, and in particular to constrain the curl component of CMB polarization (B-modes) produced by tensor perturbations generated during cosmic inflation, in the very early universe. Its primary target is to improve the limit on the ratio of tensor to scalar perturbations amplitudes down to r = 0.03, at 99.7% confidence. A second target is to produce wide maps of foreground polarization generated in our Galaxy by synchrotron emission and interstellar dust emission. These will be important to map Galactic magnetic fields and to study the properties of ionized gas and of diffuse interstellar dust in our Galaxy. The mission is optimized for large angular scales, with coarse angular resolution (around 1.5 degrees FWHM), and wide sky coverage (25% of the sky). The payload will fly in a circumpolar long duration balloon mission during the polar night. Using the Earth as a giant solar shield, the instrument will spin in azimuth, observing a large fraction of the northern sky. The payload will host two instruments. An array of coherent polarimeters using cryogenic HEMT amplifiers will survey the sky at 43 and 90 GHz. An array of bolometric polarimeters, using large throughput multi-mode bolometers and rotating Half Wave Plates (HWP), will survey the same sky region in three bands at 95, 145 and 245 GHz. The wide frequency coverage will allow optimal control of the polarized foregrounds, with comparable angular resolution at all frequencies.Cosmic Microwave Backgorund, Polarization, Polarimeter, Bolometer, Radiometer, Stratospheric Balloons

277. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Weighing Distant Clusters with the Most Ancient Light

Author: Nicholas Battaglia, Johannes Hubmayr, Laura Newburgh, Kavilan Moodley, Rolando Dünner, Suzanne T. Staggs, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Amanda MacInnis, Sigurd Naess, Shannon M. Duff, Edward V. Denison, J. Colin Hill, Steve K. Choi, David N. Spergel, Dongwon Han, Kevin M. Huffenberger, J. Richard Bond, Frank J. Qu, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Gene C. Hilton, Jason E. Austermann, Emilie Storer, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Federico Nati, Blake D. Sherwin, Mark J. Devlin, Sara M. Simon, Arthur Kosowsky, Brian J. Koopman, Jeff McMahon, Maria Salatino, Toshiya Namikawa, Zhilei Xu, Matt Hilton, Jeff Van Lanen, Alexander van Engelen, Joel N. Ullom, Neelima Sehgal, Stefania Amodeo, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Cristóbal Sifón, John P. Hughes, Eunseong Lee, Emmanuel Schaan, Simone Ferraro, Bruce Partridge, Simon Dicker, N. C. Robertson, James A. Beall, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Alessandro Schillaci, Erminia Calabrese, Lyman A. Page, Jo Dunkley, Daniel T. Becker, Leila R. Vale, Thibaut Louis, Edward J. Wollack, Simone Aiola, Michael D. Niemack, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ACT, Namikawa, Toshiya [0000-0003-3070-9240], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Madhavacheril, M, Sifon, C, Battaglia, N, Aiola, S, Amodeo, S, Austermann, J, Beall, J, Becker, D, Richard Bond, J, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Denison, E, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Ferraro, S, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Han, D, Colin Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, van Lanen, J, Lee, E, Louis, T, Macinnis, A, Mcmahon, J, Moodley, K, Naess, S, Namikawa, T, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Qu, F, Robertson, N, Salatino, M, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sehgal, N, Sherwin, B, Simon, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Storer, E, Ullom, J, Vale, L, van Engelen, A, Vavagiakis, E, Wollack, E, and Xu, Z
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, astro-ph.GA, Cosmic microwave background, Population, Gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, High-redshift galaxy clusters, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Cosmic microwave background radiation, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, education.field_of_study, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, gravitational lensing, cosmic microwave background, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Atacama Cosmology Telescope, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We use gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to measure the mass of the most distant blindly-selected sample of galaxy clusters on which a lensing measurement has been performed to date. In CMB data from the the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the Planck satellite, we detect the stacked lensing effect from 677 near-infrared-selected galaxy clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), which have a mean redshift of $ \langle z \rangle = 1.08$. There are no current optical weak lensing measurements of clusters that match the distance and average mass of this sample. We detect the lensing signal with a significance of $4.2 \sigma$. We model the signal with a halo model framework to find the mean mass of the population from which these clusters are drawn. Assuming that the clusters follow Navarro-Frenk-White density profiles, we infer a mean mass of $\langle M_{500c}\rangle = \left(1.7 \pm 0.4 \right)\times10^{14}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$. We consider systematic uncertainties from cluster redshift errors, centering errors, and the shape of the NFW profile. These are all smaller than 30% of our reported uncertainty. This work highlights the potential of CMB lensing to enable cosmological constraints from the abundance of distant clusters populating ever larger volumes of the observable Universe, beyond the capabilities of optical weak lensing measurements., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, matches version accepted in ApJL, code available at https://github.com/ACTCollaboration/madcows_lensing/
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278. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: arcminute-resolution maps of 18 000 square degrees of the microwave sky from ACT 2008–2018 data combined with Planck

Author: Emmanuel Schaan, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, Mark J. Devlin, Patricio A. Gallardo, Thibaut Louis, Rolando Dünner, Erminia Calabrese, Bruce Partridge, Rahul Datta, Lyman A. Page, Leila R. Vale, Jamie Stevens, Nick Battaglia, Jason E. Austermann, Kavilan Moodley, Joel N. Ullom, John P. Nibarger, Zhilei Xu, Shannon M. Duff, Edward V. Denison, Renée Hložek, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Michael D. Niemack, John P. Hughes, Daniel T. Becker, Emilie Storer, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Nicholas F. Cothard, Dongwon Han, Blake D. Sherwin, Steve K. Choi, Cristóbal Sifón, Omar Darwish, Maria Salatino, J. Colin Hill, Sigurd Naess, Jeff McMahon, Richard J. Bond, Adam D. Hincks, Federico Nati, Matt Hilton, Jeff Van Lanen, Arthur Kosowsky, Alexander van Engelen, Suzanne T. Staggs, Gene C. Hilton, Cody J. Duell, Eve M. Vavagiakis, David N. Spergel, James A. Beall, Kevin T. Crowley, Alessandro Schillaci, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Anna E. Fox, Simone Aiola, Matthew Hasselfield, Edward J. Wollack, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Neelima Sehgal, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Naess, S, Aiola, S, Austermann, J, Battaglia, N, Beall, J, Becker, D, Bond, R, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Crowley, K, Darwish, O, Datta, R, Denison, E, Devlin, M, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Fox, A, Gallardo, P, Halpern, M, Han, D, Hasselfield, M, Colin Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hlozek, R, Ho, S, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Madhavacheril, M, Mcmahon, J, Moodley, K, Nati, F, Nibarger, J, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Salatino, M, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sherwin, B, Sehgal, N, Sifon, C, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stevens, J, Storer, E, Ullom, J, Vale, L, van Engelen, A, van Lanen, J, Vavagiakis, E, Wollack, E, and Xu, Z
Subjects: CMBR polarisation, Point source, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, symbols.namesake, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, CMBR experiments, Nuclear, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Planck, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Galaxy, Stars, Sky, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, symbols, astro-ph.CO, CMBR experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a maximum-likelihood algorithm for combining sky maps with disparate sky coverage, angular resolution and spatially varying anisotropic noise into a single map of the sky. We use this to merge hundreds of individual maps covering the 2008–2018 ACT observing seasons, resulting in by far the deepest ACT maps released so far. We also combine the maps with the full Planck maps, resulting in maps that have the best features of both Planck and ACT: Planck's nearly white noise on intermediate and large angular scales and ACT's high-resolution and sensitivity on small angular scales. The maps cover over 18 000 square degrees, nearly half the full sky, at 100, 150 and 220 GHz. They reveal 4 000 optically-confirmed clusters through the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZ) and 18 500 point source candidates at > 5σ, the largest single collection of SZ clusters and millimeter wave sources to date. The multi-frequency maps provide millimeter images of nearby galaxies and individual Milky Way nebulae, and even clear detections of several nearby stars. Other anticipated uses of these maps include, for example, thermal SZ and kinematic SZ cluster stacking, CMB cluster lensing and galactic dust science. The method itself has negligible bias. However, due to the preliminary nature of some of the component data sets, we caution that these maps should not be used for precision cosmological analysis. The maps are part of ACT DR5, and will be made available on \href{https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/}{LAMBDA} no later than three months after the journal publication of this article, along with an interactive sky atlas.
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279. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author: Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Richard Bond, J., Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D`Ewart, Mitch, Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, DIDIER, JOY, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galvez Ghersi, Jose Tomas, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Colin Hill, J., HILTON, GENE, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovski, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S.-Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Daniel Meerburg, P., Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Steve, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne, Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Winkle, Dan, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, WESTBROOK, BEN, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Ye, Jiani, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndria, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Simons Observatory, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ANR-17-CE31-0022,BxB,Champs B interstellaires et modes B de l'inflation(2017), Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and High-Energy Frontier
Subjects: CMBR polarisation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, CMBR experiments, Cosmological parameters from CMBR, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planck, Reionization, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/05, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmological parameters from CMBR, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Gravitational lens, 13. Climate action, Sky, symbols, astro-ph.CO, Neutrino, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP
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280. A single-step, rapid, and versatile method for simultaneous detection of cell surface glycan profiles using fluorochrome-conjugated lectins.

Author: Torres NI, Manselle Cocco MN, Perrotta RM, Mahmoud YD, Salatino M, Mariño KV, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Polysaccharides metabolism, Cell Membrane metabolism, Lectins metabolism, Fluorescent Dyes
Abstract: Cell surface glycans play essential roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes and their assessment has important implications in biomedicine and biotechnology. Here we present a rapid, versatile, and single-step multicolor flow cytometry method for evaluation of cell surface glycan signatures using a panel of selected fluorochrome-conjugated lectins. This procedure allows simultaneous detection of cell surface glycans with a 10-fold reduction in the number of cells required compared with traditional multistep lectin staining methods. Interestingly, we used this one-step lectin array coupled with dimension reduction algorithms in a proof-of-concept application for discrimination among different tumor and immune cell populations. Moreover, this procedure was also able to unveil T-, B-, and myeloid cell subclusters exhibiting differential glycophenotypes. Thus, we report a rapid and versatile lectin cytometry method to simultaneously detect a particular repertoire of surface glycans on living cells that can be easily implemented in different laboratories and core facilities., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2023
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281. Correction: Activation of ErbB-2 via a hierarchical interaction between ErbB-2 and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor in mammary tumor cells.

Author: Balañá ME, Labriola L, Salatino M, Movsichoff F, Peters G, Charreau EH, and Elizalde PV
Published: 2023
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282. Untangling Galectin-Mediated Circuits that Control Hypoxia-Driven Angiogenesis.

Author: Bannoud N, García PA, Gambarte-Tudela J, Sundblad V, Cagnoni AJ, Bach CA, Pérez Saez JM, Blidner AG, Maller SM, Mariño KV, Salatino M, Cerliani JP, Rabinovich GA, and Croci DO
Subjects: Humans, Signal Transduction, Galectins metabolism, Hypoxia physiopathology, Neoplasms blood supply, Neovascularization, Pathologic physiopathology
Abstract: Development of an aberrant vascular network is a hallmark of the multistep pathological process of tumor growth and metastasis. In response to hypoxia, several pro-angiogenic factors are synthesized to support vascularization programs required for cancer progression. Emerging data indicate the involvement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as critical regulators of vascular circuits in health and disease. Galectins may be regulated by hypoxic conditions and control angiogenesis in different physiopathological settings. These β-galactoside-binding proteins may promote sprouting angiogenesis by interacting with different glycosylated receptors and triggering distinct signaling pathways. Understanding the role of galectins in tumor neovascularization will contribute to the design of novel anti-angiogenic therapies aimed at complementing current anti-cancer modalities and overcoming resistance to these treatments. Here we describe selected strategies and methods used to study the role of hypoxia-regulated galectins in the regulation of blood vessel formation., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
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283. Galectin-1 fosters an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer by reprogramming CD8 + regulatory T cells.

Author: Cagnoni AJ, Giribaldi ML, Blidner AG, Cutine AM, Gatto SG, Morales RM, Salatino M, Abba MC, Croci DO, Mariño KV, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Adenocarcinoma immunology, Adenocarcinoma mortality, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Animals, Atlases as Topic, Azoxymethane administration & dosage, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis immunology, Colitis mortality, Colorectal Neoplasms immunology, Colorectal Neoplasms mortality, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Computational Biology, Dextran Sulfate administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Galectin 1 deficiency, Galectin 1 immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit genetics, Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit immunology, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor genetics, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology, Signal Transduction, Survival Analysis, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory pathology, Tumor Burden, Adenocarcinoma genetics, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Colitis genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Galectin 1 genetics, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology, it has shown limited clinical efficacy in CRC, generating an urgent need for discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, induces tolerogenic programs and contributes to tumor cell evasion of immune responses. Here, we investigated the relevance of Gal-1 in CRC and explored its modulatory activity within the CD8 + regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Mice lacking Gal-1 ( Lgals1 -/- ) developed a lower number of tumors and showed a decreased frequency of a particular population of CD8 + CD122 + PD-1 + Tregs in the azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis-associated CRC. Moreover, silencing of tumor-derived Gal-1 in the syngeneic CT26 CRC model resulted in reduced number and attenuated immunosuppressive capacity of CD8 + CD122 + PD-1 + Tregs, leading to slower tumor growth. Moreover, stromal Gal-1 also influenced the fitness of CD8 + Tregs, highlighting the contribution of both tumor and stromal-derived Gal-1 to this immunoregulatory effect. Finally, bioinformatic analysis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed a particular signature characterized by high CD8 + Treg score and elevated Gal-1 expression, which delineates poor prognosis in human CRC. Our findings identify CD8 + CD122 + PD-1 + Tregs as a target of the immunoregulatory activity of Gal-1, suggesting a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
Published: 2021
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284. Enhanced Antitumor Immunity via Endocrine Therapy Prevents Mammary Tumor Relapse and Increases Immune Checkpoint Blockade Sensitivity.

Author: Sequeira GR, Sahores A, Dalotto-Moreno T, Perrotta RM, Pataccini G, Vanzulli SI, Polo ML, Radisky DC, Sartorius CA, Novaro V, Lamb CA, Rabinovich GA, Salatino M, and Lanari C
Subjects: Animals, B7-H1 Antigen antagonists & inhibitors, Cell Death drug effects, Cell Death immunology, Cell Line, Tumor, Dendritic Cells immunology, Female, Humans, Immunologic Memory drug effects, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental pathology, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Transgenic, Mifepristone pharmacology, Tumor Microenvironment drug effects, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Mice, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors pharmacology, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental immunology
Abstract: The role of active antitumor immunity in hormone receptor-positive (HR + ) breast cancer has been historically underlooked. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the immune system to antiprogestin-induced tumor growth inhibition using a hormone-dependent breast cancer model. BALB/c-GFP + bone marrow (BM) cells were transplanted into immunodeficient NSG mice to generate an immunocompetent NSG/BM-GFP + (NSG-R) mouse model. Treatment with the antiprogestin mifepristone (MFP) inhibited growth of 59-2-HI tumors with similar kinetics in both animal models. Interestingly, MFP treatment reshaped the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Tumors in MFP-treated immunocompetent mice showed increased infiltration of F4/80 + macrophages, natural killer, and CD8 T cells, displaying a central memory phenotype. Mechanistically, MFP induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vivo and in vitro , as depicted by the expression and subcellular localization of the alarmins calreticulin and HMGB-1 and the induction of an ICD gene program. Moreover, MFP-treated tumor cells efficiently activated immature dendritic cells, evidenced by enhanced expression of MHC-II and CD86, and induced a memory T-cell response, attenuating tumor onset and growth after re-challenge. Finally, MFP treatment increased the sensitivity of HR + 59-2-HI tumor to PD-L1 blockade, suggesting that antiprogestins may improve immunotherapy response rates. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of hormonal treatment and the rational design of therapeutic combinations based on endocrine and immunomodulatory agents in HR + breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Antiprogestin therapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death in PRA-overexpressing tumors, eliciting an adaptive immune memory response that protects mice from future tumor recurrence and increases sensitivity to PD-L1 blockade. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/5/1375/F1.large.jpg., (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)
Published: 2021
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285. Reprogramming the tumor metastasis cascade by targeting galectin-driven networks.

Author: Perrotta RM, Bach CA, Salatino M, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Adaptive Immunity, Animals, Antibodies, Neutralizing pharmacology, Aptamers, Nucleotide pharmacology, Carbohydrates pharmacology, Cell Movement, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition physiology, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Galectins antagonists & inhibitors, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Mice, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis immunology, Neoplasm Metastasis physiopathology, Neoplasm Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism, Oligopeptides pharmacology, Peptides pharmacology, Polysaccharides physiology, RNA, Small Interfering pharmacology, Stromal Cells metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment physiology, Galectins physiology, Neoplasm Metastasis prevention & control, Neoplasm Proteins physiology
Abstract: A sequence of interconnected events known as the metastatic cascade promotes tumor progression by regulating cellular and molecular interactions between tumor, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells both locally and systemically. Recently, a new concept has emerged to better describe this process by defining four attributes that metastatic cells should undergo. Every individual hallmark represents a unique trait of a metastatic cell that impacts directly in the outcome of the metastasis process. These critical features, known as the hallmarks of metastasis, include motility and invasion, modulation of the microenvironment, cell plasticity and colonization. They are hierarchically regulated at different levels by several factors, including galectins, a highly conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tumor microenvironments and sites of metastasis. In this review, we discuss the role of galectins in modulating each hallmark of metastasis, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities for treating the metastatic disease., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.)
Published: 2021
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286. Sweetening the hallmarks of cancer: Galectins as multifunctional mediators of tumor progression.

Author: Girotti MR, Salatino M, Dalotto-Moreno T, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Animals, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Cell Death, Cell Proliferation, Energy Metabolism, Genomic Instability, Glycosylation, Humans, Inflammation metabolism, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism, Telomerase metabolism, Tumor Escape, Carcinogenesis metabolism, Galectins metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed 10 organizing principles that enable growth and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. These distinctive and complementary capabilities, defined as the "hallmarks of cancer," include the ability of tumor cells and their microenvironment to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, promote replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, support invasion and metastasis, reprogram energy metabolism, induce genomic instability and inflammation, and trigger evasion of immune responses. These common features are hierarchically regulated through different mechanisms, including those involving glycosylation-dependent programs that influence the biological and clinical impact of each hallmark. Galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, have broad influence in tumor progression by rewiring intracellular and extracellular circuits either in cancer or stromal cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In this review, we dissect the role of galectins in shaping cellular circuitries governing each hallmark of tumors, illustrating relevant examples and highlighting novel opportunities for treating human cancer., Competing Interests: Disclosures: Dr. Rabinovich reported a patent to US10,294,295 B2 "Methods for modulating angiogenesis of tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment" issued. Dr. Salatino reported a patent to US10,294,295 B2 "Methods for modulating angiogenesis of tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment" issued. No other disclosures were reported., (© 2019 Girotti et al.)
Published: 2020
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287. Glycans Pave the Way for Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Author: Salatino M, Girotti MR, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Humans, Immunotherapy, Polysaccharides, B7-H1 Antigen, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Abstract: The clinical efficacy of therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is still limited. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Li and colleagues identify a PD-L1 glycosylation-based mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer that fosters immunosuppression by enhancing interactions with PD-1. Targeting glycosylated PD-L1 with a drug-conjugated antibody opens new avenues for treatment., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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288. Differential response of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin in tumor-associated and tumor-free microenvironments.

Author: Blidner AG, Salatino M, Mascanfroni ID, Diament MJ, Bal de Kier Joffé E, Jasnis MA, Klein SM, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Animals, Autoimmunity drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental immunology, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental metabolism, Female, Immunophenotyping, Mice, Models, Biological, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Phenotype, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism, Tumor Burden drug effects, Tumor Burden immunology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Cellular Microenvironment drug effects, Cellular Microenvironment immunology, Indomethacin pharmacology, Myeloid Cells drug effects, Myeloid Cells immunology, Tumor Microenvironment drug effects, Tumor Microenvironment immunology
Abstract: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulatory cells that control inflammation and promote tumor-immune escape. To date, no specific immunomodulatory drug has proven efficacy in targeting the expansion and/or function of these cells in different pathophysiologic settings. In this study, we identified a context-dependent effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (IND) on MDSCs, depending on whether they were derived from tumor microenvironments (TME) or from tumor-free microenvironments (TFME). Treatment of mice bearing the LP07 lung adenocarcinoma with IND inhibited the suppressive activity of splenic MDSCs, which restrained tumor growth through mechanisms involving CD8(+) T cells. The same effect was observed when MDSCs were treated with IND and conditioned media from LP07 tumor cells in vitro. However, in the absence of a tumor context, IND enhanced the intrinsic suppressive function of MDSCs and amplified their protumoral activity. In a model of autoimmune neuroinflammation, IND-treated MDSCs differentiated in TFME attenuated inflammation, whereas IND-treated MDSCs differentiated in TME aggravated clinical symptoms and delayed resolution of the disease. Mechanistically, IND reduced arginase activity as well as NO and reactive oxygen species production in MDSCs differentiated in TME but not in TFME. Moreover, expression of the C/EBP-β transcription factor isoforms correlated with the suppressive activity of IND-treated MDSCs. Our study unveils the dual and context-dependent action of IND, a drug that serves both as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent, which differentially affects MDSC activity whether these cells are derived from TME or TFME. These results have broad clinical implication in cancer, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity., (Copyright © 2015 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)
Published: 2015
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289. Microbially driven TLR5-dependent signaling governs distal malignant progression through tumor-promoting inflammation.

Author: Rutkowski MR, Stephen TL, Svoronos N, Allegrezza MJ, Tesone AJ, Perales-Puchalt A, Brencicova E, Escovar-Fadul X, Nguyen JM, Cadungog MG, Zhang R, Salatino M, Tchou J, Rabinovich GA, and Conejo-Garcia JR
Subjects: Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Galectin 1 metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasm Transplantation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-17 metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Microbiota, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, Toll-Like Receptor 5 genetics, Toll-Like Receptor 5 metabolism
Abstract: The dominant TLR5(R392X) polymorphism abrogates flagellin responses in >7% of humans. We report that TLR5-dependent commensal bacteria drive malignant progression at extramucosal locations by increasing systemic IL-6, which drives mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Mechanistically, expanded granulocytic MDSCs cause γδ lymphocytes in TLR5-responsive tumors to secrete galectin-1, dampening antitumor immunity and accelerating malignant progression. In contrast, IL-17 is consistently upregulated in TLR5-unresponsive tumor-bearing mice but only accelerates malignant progression in IL-6-unresponsive tumors. Importantly, depletion of commensal bacteria abrogates TLR5-dependent differences in tumor growth. Contrasting differences in inflammatory cytokines and malignant evolution are recapitulated in TLR5-responsive/unresponsive ovarian and breast cancer patients. Therefore, inflammation, antitumor immunity, and the clinical outcome of cancer patients are influenced by a common TLR5 polymorphism., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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290. Study of galectins in tumor immunity: strategies and methods.

Author: Cerliani JP, Dalotto-Moreno T, Compagno D, Dergan-Dylon LS, Laderach DJ, Gentilini L, Croci DO, Méndez-Huergo SP, Toscano MA, Salatino M, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Adoptive Transfer, Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm immunology, Blotting, Western, Bone Marrow Cells cytology, CD3 Complex metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Cell Separation, Cytokines metabolism, Dendritic Cells cytology, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Galectin 1 metabolism, Gene Silencing, Genetic Vectors genetics, Humans, Interleukin-27 metabolism, Lentivirus genetics, Lymph Nodes immunology, Mice, Neoplasms pathology, Phosphorylation, STAT3 Transcription Factor metabolism, Spleen immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory cytology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism, Transduction, Genetic, Tumor Microenvironment, Galectins metabolism, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: During the past decade, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor immunity has provided the appropriate framework for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Under this complex scenario, galectins have emerged as promising molecular targets for cancer therapy responsible of creating immunosuppressive microenvironments at sites of tumor growth and metastasis. Galectins, expressed in tumor, stromal, and endothelial cells, contribute to thwart the development of immune responses by favoring the expansion of T regulatory cells and contributing to their immunosuppressive activity, driving the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, limiting T cell viability, and maintaining T cell anergy. The emerging data promise a future scenario in which the selective blockade of individual members of the galectin family, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic regimens, will contribute to halt tumor progression by counteracting tumor-immune escape. Here we describe a selection of methods used to investigate the role of galectin-1 in tumor-immune escape.
Published: 2015
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291. Regulation of galectins by hypoxia and their relevance in angiogenesis: strategies and methods.

Author: Salatino M, Croci DO, Laderach DJ, Compagno D, Gentilini L, Dalotto-Moreno T, Dergan-Dylon LS, Méndez-Huergo SP, Toscano MA, Cerliani JP, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Blotting, Western, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Movement, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells cytology, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells metabolism, Humans, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit metabolism, Solubility, Tumor Microenvironment, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A chemistry, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A metabolism, Galectin 1 metabolism, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism
Abstract: Formation of an aberrant and heterogeneous vascular network is a key pathological event in the multistep process of tumor growth and metastasis. Pro-angiogenic factors are synthesized and released from tumor, stromal, endothelial, and myeloid cells in response to hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironments which are commonly found during cancer progression. Emerging data indicate key roles for galectins, particularly galectin-1, -3, -8, and -9 in the regulation of angiogenesis in different pathophysiologic settings. Each galectin interacts with a preferred set of glycosylated receptors, triggers different signaling pathway, and promotes sprouting angiogenesis through different mechanisms. Understanding the role of galectins in tumor neovascularization will contribute to the design of novel anti-angiogenic therapies aimed at complementing current clinical approaches. Here we describe selected strategies and methods used to study the galectin-1 regulation by hypoxia and its role in blood vessel formation.
Published: 2015
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292. Clinical relevance of galectin-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Author: Carlini MJ, Roitman P, Nuñez M, Pallotta MG, Boggio G, Smith D, Salatino M, Joffé ED, Rabinovich GA, and Puricelli LI
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung mortality, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology, Female, Galectin 1 genetics, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Tumor Burden, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung metabolism, Galectin 1 metabolism, Lung Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: Background: Identification of biomarkers in lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, has a meaningful clinical relevance in the quest of novel prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) modulates tumor progression by mediating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as angiogenesis and tumor immune-escape. Previous works reported the expression of Gal-1 in lung cancer, although its clinical significance remains uncertain., Objective: To assess the clinicopathologic relevance and prognostic value of Gal-1 expression in a cohort of 103 Stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients., Methods: Gal-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue samples. The percentage of immunoreactive tumor cells and stroma, as well as the presence of blood vessels with positively stained endothelium in the tumor and surrounding normal tissue, were recorded. Results were correlated with the clinicopathologic factors of the patients (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, chi-square test) and overall survival by univariate (Kaplan Meier) and multivariate analyses (Cox regression hazard model)., Results: We did not observe significant associations between Gal-1 expression and relevant clinicopathologic features at diagnosis of NSCLC. However, Kaplan Meier analysis revealed a significant association between Gal-1 expression and overall survival, when Gal-1 expression was analyzed on tumor cells alone ("tumor cell percentage") or when an integrated score accounting for tumor cell as well as stromal expression of Gal-1 ("total score") was assessed. Patients showing high Gal-1 expression evidenced a poorer clinical outcome. Furthermore, "total score" remained significantly associated with survival by multivariate Cox regression analysis in the whole cohort of patients, even when controlling for the classical predictors and prognostic factors of NSCLC., Conclusion: We conclude that Gal-1 expression may be a useful biomarker for better prediction of the clinical outcome and management of NSCLC patients., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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293. Glycosylation-dependent lectin-receptor interactions preserve angiogenesis in anti-VEGF refractory tumors.

Author: Croci DO, Cerliani JP, Dalotto-Moreno T, Méndez-Huergo SP, Mascanfroni ID, Dergan-Dylon S, Toscano MA, Caramelo JJ, García-Vallejo JJ, Ouyang J, Mesri EA, Junttila MR, Bais C, Shipp MA, Salatino M, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Animals, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Galectin 1 genetics, Galectin 1 metabolism, Glycosylation, Humans, Hypoxia, Mice, Receptors, Mitogen metabolism, Angiogenesis Inhibitors therapeutic use, Neoplasms blood supply, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors antagonists & inhibitors
Abstract: The clinical benefit conferred by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-targeted therapies is variable, and tumors from treated patients eventually reinitiate growth. Here, we identify a glycosylation-dependent pathway that compensates for the absence of cognate ligand and preserves angiogenesis in response to VEGF blockade. Remodeling of the endothelial cell (EC) surface glycome selectively regulated binding of galectin-1 (Gal1), which upon recognition of complex N-glycans on VEGFR2, activated VEGF-like signaling. Vessels within anti-VEGF-sensitive tumors exhibited high levels of α2-6-linked sialic acid, which prevented Gal1 binding. In contrast, anti-VEGF refractory tumors secreted increased Gal1 and their associated vasculature displayed glycosylation patterns that facilitated Gal1-EC interactions. Interruption of β1-6GlcNAc branching in ECs or silencing of tumor-derived Gal1 converted refractory into anti-VEGF-sensitive tumors, whereas elimination of α2-6-linked sialic acid conferred resistance to anti-VEGF. Disruption of the Gal1-N-glycan axis promoted vascular remodeling, immune cell influx and tumor growth inhibition. Thus, targeting glycosylation-dependent lectin-receptor interactions may increase the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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294. Expansion of CD11b(+)Ly6G (+)Ly6C (int) cells driven by medroxyprogesterone acetate in mice bearing breast tumors restrains NK cell effector functions.

Author: Spallanzani RG, Dalotto-Moreno T, Raffo Iraolagoitia XL, Ziblat A, Domaica CI, Avila DE, Rossi LE, Fuertes MB, Battistone MA, Rabinovich GA, Salatino M, and Zwirner NW
Subjects: Animals, Antigens, Ly metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal pharmacology, Blotting, Western, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms pathology, CD11b Antigen metabolism, Cell Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Female, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural drug effects, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myeloid Cells drug effects, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Receptors, Glucocorticoid metabolism, STAT3 Transcription Factor metabolism, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Antigens, Ly immunology, Breast Neoplasms immunology, CD11b Antigen immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate pharmacology, Myeloid Cells immunology
Abstract: The progesterone analog medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is widely used as a hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women and as contraceptive. However, prolonged administration of MPA is associated with increased incidence of breast cancer through ill-defined mechanisms. Here, we explored whether exposure to MPA during mammary tumor growth affects myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs; CD11b(+)Gr-1(+), mostly CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) and CD11b(+)Ly6G(-)Ly6C(high) cells) and natural killer (NK) cells, potentially restraining tumor immunosurveillance. We used the highly metastatic 4T1 breast tumor (which does not express the classical progesterone receptor and expands MDSCs) to challenge BALB/c mice in the absence or in the presence of MPA. We observed that MPA promoted the accumulation of NK cells in spleens of tumor-bearing mice, but with reduced degranulation ability and in vivo cytotoxic activity. Simultaneously, MPA induced a preferential expansion of CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) cells in spleen and bone marrow of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. In vitro, MPA promoted nuclear mobilization of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in 4T1 cells and endowed these cells with the ability to promote a preferential differentiation of bone marrow cells into CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) cells that displayed suppressive activity on NK cell degranulation. Sorted CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from MPA-treated tumor-bearing mice exhibited higher suppressive activity on NK cell degranulation than CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from vehicle-treated tumor-bearing mice. Thus, MPA, acting through the GR, endows tumor cells with an enhanced capacity to expand CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) cells that subsequently display a stronger suppression of NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Our results describe an alternative mechanism by which MPA may affect immunosurveillance and have potential implication in breast cancer incidence.
Published: 2013
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295. Thwarting galectin-induced immunosuppression in breast cancer.

Author: Salatino M, Dalotto-Moreno T, and Rabinovich GA
Abstract: Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to counteract breast cancer-associated immunosuppression. Silencing the expression of galectin-1 in a breast carcinoma model inhibited tumor growth and prevented lung metastasis by reducing the frequency and immunosuppressive activity of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + regulatory T cells.
Published: 2013
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296. Targeting galectin-1 overcomes breast cancer-associated immunosuppression and prevents metastatic disease.

Author: Dalotto-Moreno T, Croci DO, Cerliani JP, Martinez-Allo VC, Dergan-Dylon S, Méndez-Huergo SP, Stupirski JC, Mazal D, Osinaga E, Toscano MA, Sundblad V, Rabinovich GA, and Salatino M
Subjects: Animals, Breast Neoplasms immunology, Female, Galectin 1 antagonists & inhibitors, Lung Neoplasms prevention & control, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Galectin 1 physiology, Immune Tolerance
Abstract: Galectin-1 (Gal1), an evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding protein, contributes to the creation of an immunosuppressed microenvironment at sites of tumor growth. In spite of considerable progress in elucidating its role in tumor-immune escape, the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory functions of Gal1 remain obscure. Here, we investigated the contribution of tumor Gal1 to tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression in breast cancer. We found that the frequency of Gal1(+) cells in human breast cancer biopsies correlated positively with tumor grade, while specimens from patients with benign hyperplasia showed negative or limited Gal1 staining. To examine the pathophysiologic relevance of Gal1 in breast cancer, we used the metastatic mouse mammary tumor 4T1, which expresses and secretes substantial amounts of Gal1. Silencing Gal1 expression in this model induced a marked reduction in both tumor growth and the number of lung metastases. This effect was abrogated when mice were inoculated with wild-type 4T1 tumor cells in their contralateral flank, suggesting involvement of a systemic modulation of the immune response. Gal1 attenuation in 4T1 cells also reduced the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells within the tumor, draining lymph nodes, spleen, and lung metastases. Further, it abrogated the immunosuppressive function of T(reg) cells and selectively lowered the expression of the T-cell regulatory molecule LAT (linker for activation of T cells) on these cells, disarming their suppressive activity. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept that therapeutic targeting of Gal1 can overcome breast cancer-associated immunosuppression and can prevent metastatic disease.
Published: 2013
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297. Disrupting galectin-1 interactions with N-glycans suppresses hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma.

Author: Croci DO, Salatino M, Rubinstein N, Cerliani JP, Cavallin LE, Leung HJ, Ouyang J, Ilarregui JM, Toscano MA, Domaica CI, Croci MC, Shipp MA, Mesri EA, Albini A, and Rabinovich GA
Subjects: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacology, Antibodies, Neutralizing pharmacology, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Galectin 1 genetics, Galectin 1 immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, HEK293 Cells, Herpesvirus 8, Human physiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Hypoxia, Immunoblotting, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Nude, Neovascularization, Pathologic genetics, Neovascularization, Pathologic prevention & control, Protein Binding drug effects, RNA Interference, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sarcoma, Kaposi drug therapy, Sarcoma, Kaposi genetics, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Galectin 1 metabolism, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism, Polysaccharides metabolism, Sarcoma, Kaposi metabolism
Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8/KS-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) infection, is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. Clinical management of KS has proven to be challenging because of its prevalence in immunosuppressed patients and its unique vascular and inflammatory nature that is sustained by viral and host-derived paracrine-acting factors primarily released under hypoxic conditions. We show that interactions between the regulatory lectin galectin-1 (Gal-1) and specific target N-glycans link tumor hypoxia to neovascularization as part of the pathogenesis of KS. Expression of Gal-1 is found to be a hallmark of human KS but not other vascular pathologies and is directly induced by both KSHV and hypoxia. Interestingly, hypoxia induced Gal-1 through mechanisms that are independent of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF-2α but involved reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB. Targeted disruption of Gal-1-N-glycan interactions eliminated hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. Therapeutic administration of a Gal-1-specific neutralizing mAb attenuated abnormal angiogenesis and promoted tumor regression in mice bearing established KS tumors. Given the active search for HIF-independent mechanisms that serve to couple tumor hypoxia to pathological angiogenesis, our findings provide novel opportunities not only for treating KS patients but also for understanding and managing a variety of solid tumors.
Published: 2012
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298. Neuroblastoma triggers an immunoevasive program involving galectin-1-dependent modulation of T cell and dendritic cell compartments.

Author: Soldati R, Berger E, Zenclussen AC, Jorch G, Lode HN, Salatino M, Rabinovich GA, and Fest S
Subjects: Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells immunology, Antigen-Presenting Cells metabolism, Antigen-Presenting Cells pathology, Apoptosis, Blotting, Western, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cell Adhesion, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Dendritic Cells pathology, Female, Flow Cytometry, Galectin 1 genetics, Genetic Therapy, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Lung Neoplasms metabolism, Lung Neoplasms prevention & control, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Mice, Mice, Inbred A, Neuroblastoma metabolism, Neuroblastoma pathology, Neuroblastoma prevention & control, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic pathology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Dendritic Cells immunology, Galectin 1 metabolism, Lung Neoplasms immunology, Neuroblastoma immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology
Abstract: The immunosuppressive strategies devised by neuroblastoma (NB), the most common solid extracranial childhood cancer, are poorly understood. Here, we identified an immunoevasive program triggered by NB through secretion of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a multifunctional glycan-binding protein. Human and mouse NB cells express and secrete Gal-1, which negatively regulates T cell and dendritic cell function. When injected subcutaneously in syngeneic A/J mice, knockdown transfectants expressing low amounts of Gal-1 (NXS2/L) showed reduction of primary tumor growth by 83-90% and prevented spontaneous liver metastases in contrast to NXS2 cell variants (NXS2/H, NXS2 wildtype) expressing high amounts of Gal-1. Splenocytes from mice receiving Gal-1 knockdown NXS2/L cells secreted higher amounts of IFN-γ and displayed enhanced cytotoxic T-cell function compared to NXS2/H or NXS2 controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a six- to tenfold increase in the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrating tumors from mice receiving knockdown transfectants. This effect was confirmed by in vitro migration assays. Finally, supernatants of NXS2/H or NXS2 cells suppressed dendritic cell (DC) maturation and induce T cell apoptosis, whereas these effects were only marginal on DCs and T cells exposed to supernatants from NXS2/L cells. These results demonstrate a novel immunoinhibitory role of the Gal-1-glycan axis in NB, highlighting an alternative target for novel immunotherapeutic modalities., (Copyright © 2011 UICC.)
Published: 2012
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299. The aggressiveness of murine lymphomas selected in vivo by growth rate correlates with galectin-1 expression and response to cyclophosphamide.

Author: Zacarías Fluck MF, Hess L, Salatino M, Croci DO, Stupirski JC, Di Masso RJ, Roggero E, Rabinovich GA, and Scharovsky OG
Subjects: Animals, CD4 Antigens metabolism, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Female, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism, Galectin 1 genetics, Galectin 1 immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit metabolism, Lymphoma, T-Cell drug therapy, Lymphoma, T-Cell immunology, Mice, Neoplasm Metastasis, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory drug effects, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory pathology, Galectin 1 metabolism, Lymphoma, T-Cell pathology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism
Abstract: Although lymphomas account for almost half of blood-derived cancers that are diagnosed each year, the causes of new cases are poorly understood, as reflected by the relatively few risk factors established. Galectin-1, an immunoregulatory ß-galactoside-binding protein, has been widely associated with tumor-immune escape. The aim of the present work was to study the relationship between tumor growth rate, aggressiveness, and response to cyclophosphamide (Cy) therapy with regard to Gal-1 expression in murine T-cell lymphoma models. By means of a disruptive selection process for tumor growth rate, we generated two lymphoma variants from a parental T-cell lymphoma, which have unique characteristics in terms of tumor growth rate, spontaneous regression, metastatic capacity, Gal-1 expression and sensitivity to Cy therapy. Here, we show that Gal-1 expression strongly correlates with tumor growth rate, metastatic capacity and response to single-dose Cy therapy in T-cell lymphoma models; this association might have important consequences for evaluating prognosis and treatments of this type of tumors.
Published: 2012
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300. Tumor immune escape mechanisms that operate during metastasis.

Author: Croci DO and Salatino M
Subjects: Adaptive Immunity, Animals, Dendritic Cells immunology, Dendritic Cells pathology, Drug Discovery, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages pathology, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms therapy, Tumor Escape immunology
Abstract: Immune cells actively influence, among other factors, each step of tumor development determining the chance of a cancer cell to survive in a threaten microenvironment. Antitumor immune-mediated mechanisms are activated as soon as the first cancer cell is detected and operate both during primary tumor formation and during metastasis. However, when both innate and adaptive immunity becomes impaired, tumor development occurs. In this sense, compelling evidences indicate that tumor cells employ mechanisms that circumvent or thwart the immune response to enhance their own growth. These mechanisms include the secretion of immunosuppressive factors and the induction of distinct regulatory lymphoid or myeloid cells and, as occur with the immune response, they operate both during primary tumor formation and metastasis. Interestingly, cellular and molecular mechanisms of the immune response are important components of the tumor microenvironment and have the ability to promote or suppress tumor progression depending of the context of each cell interaction. In that sense, researchers are focusing their attention in the study of the influence of the tumor microenvironment in tumor growth and metastasis to better understand cancer biology and to formulate novel therapeutic approach. This review will focus on the present knowledge about interaction between immune cells and tumors in the context of metastasis, discussing the participation of different components of innate and adaptive immune response in the process of metastasis formation and dissemination.
Published: 2011
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