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253. Determinants of blood acylcarnitine concentrations in healthy individuals of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Author

Wedekind, Roland, Rothwell, Joseph A., Viallon, Vivian, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Schmidt, Julie A., Chajes, Veronique, Katzke, Vna, Johnson, Theron, Santucci de Magistris, Maria, Krogh, Vittorio, Amiano, Pilar, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Redondo-Sánchez, Daniel, Huerta, José María, Tjønneland, Anne, Pokharel, Pratik, Jakszyn, Paula, Tumino, Rosario, Ardanaz, Eva, and Sandanger, Torkjel M.

Abstract

Circulating levels of acylcarnitines (ACs) have been associated with the risk of various diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Diet and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence AC concentrations but a better understanding of their biological, lifestyle and metabolic determinants is needed. Circulating ACs were measured in blood by targeted (15 ACs) and untargeted metabolomics (50 ACs) in 7770 and 395 healthy participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), respectively. Associations with biological and lifestyle characteristics, dietary patterns, self-reported intake of individual foods, estimated intake of carnitine and fatty acids, and fatty acids in plasma phospholipid fraction and amino acids in blood were assessed. Age, sex and fasting status were associated with the largest proportion of AC variability (partial-r up to 0.19, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively). Some AC species of medium or long-chain fatty acid moiety were associated with the corresponding fatty acids in plasma (partial-r = 0.24) or with intake of specific foods such as dairy foods containing the same fatty acid. ACs of short-chain fatty acid moiety (propionylcarnitine and valerylcarnitine) were moderately associated with concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (partial-r = 0.5). Intake of most other foods and of carnitine showed little association with AC levels. Our results show that determinants of ACs in blood vary according to their fatty acid moiety, and that their concentrations are related to age, sex, diet, and fasting status. Knowledge on their potential determinants may help interpret associations of ACs with disease risk and inform on potential dietary and lifestyle factors that might be modified for disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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260. A multi-omic analysis of birthweight in newborn cord blood reveals new underlying mechanisms related to cholesterol metabolism

Author

Alfano, R., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Ghantous, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Chatzi, L., Perez, A.E., Herceg, Z., Kogevinas, M., de Kok, T.M., Nawrot, T.S., Novoloaca, A., Patel, C.J., Pizzi, C., Robinot, N., Rusconi, F., Scalbert, A., Sunyer, J., Vermeulen, R., Vrijheid, M., Vineis, P., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Reis, AlessanRSS/0000-0001-8486-7469, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc/0000-0001-8341-5436, Commission of the European Communities, Medical Research Council (MRC), Toxicogenomics, RS: FSE MaCSBio, RS: FPN MaCSBio, RS: FHML MaCSBio, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, and RS: GROW - R1 - Prevention

Subjects
ANTHROPOMETRY, Male, 0301 basic medicine, BMI, body mass index, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, IQR, interquartile, Bioinformatics, Transcriptome, PC, phosphatidylcholine, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE, Birth weight, Cholesterol, DNA methylation, Gene expression, Metabolome, Proteins, Gestational age, DOHaD, Developmental Origin of Health and Disease, m/z, mass-to-charge ratio, Fetal Blood, INSULIN, In utero, Cord blood, Female, LGA, large for gestational age, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, LIPIDS, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, HDL, high-density lipoprotein, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, METABOLOMICS, Methylation, C-PEPTIDE, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Metabolomics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Chemokine CCL22, Science & Technology, Infant, Newborn, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Omics, AGA, adequate for gestational age, IL, interleukin, 95CI, 95% confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, COHORT PROFILE, ORA, overrepresentation analysis, U, unassigned metabolite, SGA, small for gestational age
Abstract

Background Birthweight reflects in utero exposures and later health evolution. Despite existing studies employing high-dimensional molecular measurements, the understanding of underlying mechanisms of birthweight remains limited. Methods To investigate the systems biology of birthweight, we cross-sectionally integrated the methylome, the transcriptome, the metabolome and a set of inflammatory proteins measured in cord blood samples, collected from four birth-cohorts (n = 489). We focused on two sets of 68 metabolites and 903 CpGs previously related to birthweight and investigated the correlation structures existing between these two sets and all other omic features via bipartite Pearson correlations. Results This dataset revealed that the set of metabolome and methylome signatures of birthweight have seven signals in common, including three metabolites [PC(34:2), plasmalogen PC(36:4)/PC(O-36:5), and a compound with m/z of 781.0545], two CpGs (on the DHCR24 and SC4MOL gene), and two proteins (periostin and CCL22). CCL22, a macrophage-derived chemokine has not been previously identified in relation to birthweight. Since the results of the omics integration indicated the central role of cholesterol metabolism, we explored the association of cholesterol levels in cord blood with birthweight in the ENVIRONAGE cohort (n = 1097), finding that higher birthweight was associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in small versus large for gestational age newborns. Conclusions Our data suggests that an integration of different omic-layers in addition to single omics studies is a useful approach to generate new hypotheses regarding biological mechanisms. CCL22 and cholesterol metabolism in cord blood play a mechanistic role in birthweight., Highlights • Using multiple omics, we provide an unprecedented window into the biological processes underlying birthweight. • We identified molecular signals never previously linked to birthweight, e.g. gene expression of JAK3 and chemokine CCL22. • Our data suggested that cholesterol and related metabolic pathways are related to birthweight. • The identified signals may create a molecular basis for the onset of health outcomes associated with birthweight variation.

Published
2020

261. A metabolomic study of red and processed meat intake and acylcarnitine concentrations in human urine and blood

Author

Wedekind, R., Kiss, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Viallon, V., Rothwell, J.A., Cross, A.J., Rostgaard-Hansen, A.L., Sandanger, T.M., Jakszyn, P., Pala, V., Vermeulen, R., Schulze, M.B., Kühn, T., Johnson, T., Trichopoulou, A., Peppa, E., Vechia, C.L., Masala, G., Tumino, R., Sacerdote, C., Wittenbecher, C., de Magistris, M.S., Dahm, C.C., Severi, G., Mancini, F.R., Weiderpass, E., Gunter, M.J., Huybrechts, I., Scalbert, A., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, and dIRAS RA-2

Subjects
acylcarnitines, blood, meat intake, red and processed meat, metabolomics, urine
Abstract

Background Acylcarnitines (ACs) play a major role in fatty acid metabolism and are potential markers of metabolic dysfunction with higher blood concentrations reported in obese and diabetic individuals. Diet, and in particular red and processed meat intake, has been shown to influence AC concentrations but data on the effect of meat consumption on AC concentrations is limited. Objectives To investigate the effect of red and processed meat intake on AC concentrations in plasma and urine using a randomized controlled trial with replication in an observational cohort. Methods In the randomized crossover trial, 12 volunteers successively consumed 2 different diets containing either pork or tofu for 3 d each. A panel of 44 ACs including several oxidized ACs was analyzed by LC-MS in plasma and urine samples collected after the 3-d period. ACs that were associated with pork intake were then measured in urine (n = 474) and serum samples (n = 451) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study and tested for associations with habitual red and processed meat intake derived from dietary questionnaires. Results In urine samples from the intervention study, pork intake was positively associated with concentrations of 18 short- and medium-chain ACs. Eleven of these were also positively associated with habitual red and processed meat intake in the EPIC cross-sectional study. In blood, C18:0 was positively associated with red meat intake in both the intervention study (q = 0.004, Student's t-test) and the cross-sectional study (q = 0.033, linear regression). Conclusions AC concentrations in urine and blood were associated with red meat intake in both a highly controlled intervention study and in subjects of a cross-sectional study. Our data on the role of meat intake on this important pathway of fatty acid and energy metabolism may help understanding the role of red meat consumption in the etiology of some chronic diseases. This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03354130.

Published
2020

262. 3D active stabilization system with sub-micrometer resolution.

Author

Olli Kursu, Tuomas Tuukkanen, Timo Rahkonen, and Mikko Vähäsöyrinki

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Stable positioning between a measurement probe and its target from sub- to few micrometer scales has become a prerequisite in precision metrology and in cellular level measurements from biological tissues. Here we present a 3D stabilization system based on an optoelectronic displacement sensor and custom piezo-actuators driven by a feedback control loop that constantly aims to zero the relative movement between the sensor and the target. We used simulations and prototyping to characterize the developed system. Our results show that 95% attenuation of movement artifacts is achieved at 1 Hz with stabilization performance declining to ca. 70% attenuation at 10 Hz. Stabilization bandwidth is limited by mechanical resonances within the displacement sensor that occur at relatively low frequencies, and are attributable to the sensor's high force sensitivity. We successfully used brain derived micromotion trajectories as a demonstration of complex movement stabilization. The micromotion was reduced to a level of ∼1 µm with nearly 100 fold attenuation at the lower frequencies that are typically associated with physiological processes. These results, and possible improvements of the system, are discussed with a focus on possible ways to increase the sensor's force sensitivity without compromising overall system bandwidth.

Published
2012
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267. Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Mediating Molecular Mechanisms, and Shifts in Birthweight

Author

Laine, J.E., Bodinier, B., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., Scalbert, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Robinot, N., Vermeulen, R., Pizzi, C., Asta, F., Nawrot, T., Gulliver, J., Chatzi, L., Kogevinas, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Sunyer, J., Vrijheid, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Vineis, P., Laine, J.E., Bodinier, B., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., Scalbert, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Robinot, N., Vermeulen, R., Pizzi, C., Asta, F., Nawrot, T., Gulliver, J., Chatzi, L., Kogevinas, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Sunyer, J., Vrijheid, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., and Vineis, P.

Abstract

Mechanisms underlying adverse birth and later in life health effects from exposure to air pollution during the prenatal period have not been not fully elucidated, especially in the context of mixtures. We assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to mixtures of air pollutants of particulate matter (PM), PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen oxides, NO2, NOx, ultrafine particles (UFP), and oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 on infant birthweight in four European birth cohorts and the mechanistic underpinnings through cross-omics of metabolites and inflammatory proteins. The association between mixtures of air pollutants and birthweight z-scores (standardized for gestational age) was assessed for three different mixture models, using Bayesian machine kernel regression (BKMR). We determined the direct effect for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and mediation by cross-omic signatures (identified using sparse partial least-squares regression) using causal mediation BKMR models. There was a negative association with birthweight z-scores and exposure to mixtures of air pollutants, where up to −0.21 or approximately a 96 g decrease in birthweight, comparing the 75th percentile to the median level of exposure to the air pollutant mixture could occur. Shifts in birthweight z-scores from prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were mediated by molecular mechanisms, represented by cross-omics scores. Interleukin-17 and epidermal growth factor were identified as important inflammatory responses underlyingair pollution-associated shifts in birthweight. Our results signify that by identifying mechanisms through which mixtures of air pollutants operate, the causality of air pollution-associated shifts in birthweight is better supported, substantiating the need for reducing exposure in vulnerable populations.

Published
2020

268. Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer stage: Findings from an international consortium

Author

Geijsen, A., Roekel, E.H. van, Duijnhoven, F. J. B. van, Achaintre, D., Bachleitner-Hofmann, T., Baierl, A., Bergmann, M.M., Boehm, J., Bours, M.J., Brenner, H., Breukink, S.O., Brezina, S., Chang-Claude, J., Herpel, E., Wilt, J.H.W. de, Gicquiau, A., Gigic, B., Gumpenberger, T., Hansson, B.M.E., Hoffmeister, M., Holowatyj, A.N., Karner-Hanusch, J., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Keulen, E.T.P., Koole, J.L., Leeb, G., Ose, J., Schirmacher, P., Schneider, Markus, Schrotz-King, P., Stift, A., Ulvik, A., Vogelaar, F.J., Wesselink, E., Zutphen, M. van, Gsur, A., Habermann, N., Kampman, E., Scalbert, A., Ueland, P.M., Ulrich, A.B., Ulrich, C.M., Weijenberg, M.P., Kok, D.E., Geijsen, A., Roekel, E.H. van, Duijnhoven, F. J. B. van, Achaintre, D., Bachleitner-Hofmann, T., Baierl, A., Bergmann, M.M., Boehm, J., Bours, M.J., Brenner, H., Breukink, S.O., Brezina, S., Chang-Claude, J., Herpel, E., Wilt, J.H.W. de, Gicquiau, A., Gigic, B., Gumpenberger, T., Hansson, B.M.E., Hoffmeister, M., Holowatyj, A.N., Karner-Hanusch, J., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Keulen, E.T.P., Koole, J.L., Leeb, G., Ose, J., Schirmacher, P., Schneider, Markus, Schrotz-King, P., Stift, A., Ulvik, A., Vogelaar, F.J., Wesselink, E., Zutphen, M. van, Gsur, A., Habermann, N., Kampman, E., Scalbert, A., Ueland, P.M., Ulrich, A.B., Ulrich, C.M., Weijenberg, M.P., and Kok, D.E.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 220955.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death globally, with marked differences in prognosis by disease stage at diagnosis. We studied circulating metabolites in relation to disease stage to improve the understanding of metabolic pathways related to colorectal cancer progression. We investigated plasma concentrations of 130 metabolites among 744 Stages I-IV colorectal cancer patients from ongoing cohort studies. Plasma samples, collected at diagnosis, were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 kit. We assessed associations between metabolite concentrations and stage using multinomial and multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders as well as multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Patients presented with 23, 28, 39 and 10% of Stages I-IV disease, respectively. Concentrations of sphingomyelin C26:0 were lower in Stage III patients compared to Stage I patients (p(FDR) < 0.05). Concentrations of sphingomyelin C18:0 and phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C32:0 were statistically significantly higher, while citrulline, histidine, phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C34:4, phosphatidylcholine (acyl-alkyl) C40:1 and lysophosphatidylcholines (acyl) C16:0 and C17:0 concentrations were lower in Stage IV compared to Stage I patients (p(FDR) < 0.05). Our results suggest that metabolic pathways involving among others citrulline and histidine, implicated previously in colorectal cancer development, may also be linked to colorectal cancer progression.

Published
2020

269. Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Mediating Molecular Mechanisms, and Shifts in Birthweight

Author

IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Laine, J.E., Bodinier, B., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., Scalbert, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Robinot, N., Vermeulen, R., Pizzi, C., Asta, F., Nawrot, T., Gulliver, J., Chatzi, L., Kogevinas, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Sunyer, J., Vrijheid, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Vineis, P., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Laine, J.E., Bodinier, B., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., Scalbert, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Robinot, N., Vermeulen, R., Pizzi, C., Asta, F., Nawrot, T., Gulliver, J., Chatzi, L., Kogevinas, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Sunyer, J., Vrijheid, M., Chadeau-Hyam, M., and Vineis, P.

Published
2020

270. A metabolomic study of red and processed meat intake and acylcarnitine concentrations in human urine and blood

Author

IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Wedekind, R., Kiss, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Viallon, V., Rothwell, J.A., Cross, A.J., Rostgaard-Hansen, A.L., Sandanger, T.M., Jakszyn, P., Pala, V., Vermeulen, R., Schulze, M.B., Kühn, T., Johnson, T., Trichopoulou, A., Peppa, E., Vechia, C.L., Masala, G., Tumino, R., Sacerdote, C., Wittenbecher, C., de Magistris, M.S., Dahm, C.C., Severi, G., Mancini, F.R., Weiderpass, E., Gunter, M.J., Huybrechts, I., Scalbert, A., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Wedekind, R., Kiss, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Viallon, V., Rothwell, J.A., Cross, A.J., Rostgaard-Hansen, A.L., Sandanger, T.M., Jakszyn, P., Pala, V., Vermeulen, R., Schulze, M.B., Kühn, T., Johnson, T., Trichopoulou, A., Peppa, E., Vechia, C.L., Masala, G., Tumino, R., Sacerdote, C., Wittenbecher, C., de Magistris, M.S., Dahm, C.C., Severi, G., Mancini, F.R., Weiderpass, E., Gunter, M.J., Huybrechts, I., and Scalbert, A.

Published
2020

271. A multi-omic analysis of birthweight in newborn cord blood reveals new underlying mechanisms related to cholesterol metabolism

Author

IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Alfano, R., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Ghantous, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Chatzi, L., Perez, A.E., Herceg, Z., Kogevinas, M., de Kok, T.M., Nawrot, T.S., Novoloaca, A., Patel, C.J., Pizzi, C., Robinot, N., Rusconi, F., Scalbert, A., Sunyer, J., Vermeulen, R., Vrijheid, M., Vineis, P., Robinson, O., Plusquin, M., IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Alfano, R., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Ghantous, A., Keski-Rahkonen, P., Chatzi, L., Perez, A.E., Herceg, Z., Kogevinas, M., de Kok, T.M., Nawrot, T.S., Novoloaca, A., Patel, C.J., Pizzi, C., Robinot, N., Rusconi, F., Scalbert, A., Sunyer, J., Vermeulen, R., Vrijheid, M., Vineis, P., Robinson, O., and Plusquin, M.

Published
2020

272. Self-rated health as a predictor of disability retirement--the contribution of ill-health and working conditions.

Author

Olli Pietiläinen, Mikko Laaksonen, Ossi Rahkonen, and Eero Lahelma

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Self-rated health is a generic health indicator predicting mortality, many diseases, and need for care. We examined self-rated health as a predictor of subsequent disability retirement, and ill-health and working conditions as potential explanations for the association. METHODS: Self-rated health and the covariates were obtained from the Helsinki Health Study baseline mail surveys in 2000-2002 conducted among municipal employees aged 40-60 years (n = 6525). Data for disability retirement events (n = 625) along with diagnoses were linked from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, with a follow-up by the end of 2010. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using competing risks models. RESULTS: Less than good self-rated health predicted disability retirement due to all causes among both women (HR = 4.60, 95% CI = 3.84-5.51) and men (HR = 3.83, 95% CI = 2.64-5.56), as well as due to musculoskeletal diseases (HR = 5.17, 95% CI = 4.02-6.66) and mental disorders (HR = 4.80, 95% CI = 3.50-6.59) among women and men pooled. Ill-health and physical working conditions partly explained the found associations, which nevertheless remained after the adjustments. Among the measures of ill-health limiting long-standing illness explained the association most in all-cause disability retirement and disability retirements due to musculoskeletal diseases, whereas common mental disorders explained the association most in disability retirements due to mental health disorders. Among working conditions physical work load and hazardous exposures at work explained the association most, although much less than ill-health. CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated health is a strong predictor of disability retirement. This can be partly explained by ill-health and working conditions. Poor self-rated health provides a useful marker for increased risk of work disability and subsequent disability retirement.

Published
2011
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280. Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in men: a nationwide study of Finnish twins.

Author

Anu Raevuori, Hans W Hoek, Ezra Susser, Jaakko Kaprio, Aila Rissanen, and Anna Keski-Rahkonen

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

To examine the epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in men, we screened Finnish male twins born in 1975-79.Men (N = 2122) from FinnTwin16 birth cohorts were screened for lifetime eating disorders by a questionnaire. The screen positives (N = 18), their male co-twins (N = 10) and those with lifetime minimum BMI< or =17.5 (N = 21) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV anorexia nervosa. The incidence rate of anorexia nervosa for the presumed peak age of risk (10-24y) was 15.7 per 100,000 person-years; its lifetime prevalence was 0.24%. All probands had recovered from eating disorders, but suffered from substantial psychiatric comorbidity, which also manifested in their co-twins. Additionally, male co-twins displayed significant dissatisfaction with body musculature, a male-specific feature of body dysmorphic disorder.Anorexia nervosa in males in the community is more common, transient and accompanied by more substantial comorbidity than previously thought.

Published
2009
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282. Paediatric and adult congenital cardiology education and training in Europe

Author

McMahon, Colin J., Heying, Ruth, Budts, Werner, Cavigelli-Brunner, Anna, Shkolnikova, Maria, Michel-Behnke, Ina, Kozlik-Feldmann, Rainer, Wåhlander, Håkan, DeWolf, Daniel, Difilippo, Sylvie, Kornyei, Laslo, Russo, Maria Giovanna, Kaneva-Nencheva, Anna, Mesihovic-Dinarevic, Senka, Vesel, Samo, Oskarsson, Gylfi, Papadopoulos, George, Petropoulos, Andreas C., Cevik, Berna Saylan, Jossif, Antonis, Doros, Gabriela, Krusensjerna-Hafstrom, Thomas, Dangel, Joanna, Rahkonen, Otto, Albert-Brotons, Dimpna C., Alvares, Silvia, Brun, Henrik, Janousek, Jan, Pitkänen-Argillander, Olli, Voges, Inga, Lubaua, Inguna, Sendzikaite, Skaiste, Magee, Alan G., Rhodes, Mark J., Blom, Nico A., Bu’Lock, Frances, Hanseus, Katarina, and Milanesi, Ornella

Abstract

AbstractBackground:Limited data exist on training of European paediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.Methods:A structured and approved questionnaire was circulated to national delegates of Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology in 33 European countries.Results:Delegates from 30 countries (91%) responded. Paediatric cardiology was not recognised as a distinct speciality by the respective ministry of Health in seven countries (23%). Twenty countries (67%) have formally accredited paediatric cardiology training programmes, seven (23%) have substantial informal (not accredited or certified) training, and three (10%) have very limited or no programme. Twenty-two countries have a curriculum. Twelve countries have a national training director. There was one paediatric cardiology centre per 2.66 million population (range 0.87–9.64 million), one cardiac surgical centre per 4.73 million population (range 1.63–10.72 million), and one training centre per 4.29 million population (range 1.63–10.72 million population). The median number of paediatric cardiology fellows per training programme was 4 (range 1–17), and duration of training was 3 years (range 2–5 years). An exit examination in paediatric cardiology was conducted in 16 countries (53%) and certification provided by 20 countries (67%). Paediatric cardiologist number is affected by gross domestic product (R2= 0.41).Conclusion:Training varies markedly across European countries. Although formal fellowship programmes exist in many countries, several countries have informal training or no training. Only a minority of countries provide both exit examination and certification. Harmonisation of training and standardisation of exit examination and certification could reduce variation in training thereby promoting high-quality care by European congenital cardiologists.

Published
2022
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283. On-Shaft Wireless Vibration Measurement Unit and Signal Processing Method for Torsional and Lateral Vibration

Author

Koene, Ivar, Haikonen, Sampo, Tiainen, Tuomas, Keski-Rahkonen, Joni, Manngard, Mikael, and Viitala, Raine

Abstract

Microelectromechanical systems accelerometers have opened new possibilities for vibration monitoring of a rotating machinery. They enable mounting accelerometers directly to the rotating component of the machine, e.g., shaft. This enables not only the measurement of a lateral vibration but also a torsional vibration of the machine. This increases the vibration data gathered from the machine by one measurement instrument. This article presents an on-shaft wireless universal measurement unit (UMU) with innovative combination of features, such as a high measurement range and easy mounting. The UMU has a two-sensor configuration where two accelerometers are mounted to the opposite sides of a shaft. This enables to utilize a novel signal processing method to separate torsional and lateral vibration from the data. The signal processing method combines and modifies methods presented in the published literature. The results presented in this article demonstrate that the UMU together with the presented signal processing method can measure frequencies of torsional and lateral vibration accurately. However, the amplitude comparison between the UMU and reference sensors cannot be done adequately because they are measuring either different components of the machine or different physical properties.

Published
2022
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287. Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Colon Cancer Risk in Men: A Nested Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis.

Author

Harbs, Justin, Rinaldi, Sabina, Gicquiau, Audrey, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Mori, Nagisa, Xijia Liu, Kaaks, Rudolf, Katzke, Verena, Schulze, Matthias B., Agnoli, Claudia, Tumino, Rosario, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas, Crous-Bou, Marta, Sánchez, Maria-Jose, Aizpurua, Amaia, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Gurrea, Aurelio Barricarte, Travis, Ruth C., Watts, Eleanor L., and Christakoudi, Sofia

Abstract

Background: Endogenous sex hormones may contribute to higher colorectal cancer incidence rates in men compared with women, but despite an increased number of studies, clear evidence is lacking. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive nested case-control study of circulating concentrations of sex hormones, sex hormone precursors, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in relation to subsequent colon cancer risk in European men. Concentrations were measured using liquid LC/MS-MS in prospectively collected plasma samples from 690 cases and 690 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies on men. Results: Circulating levels of testosterone (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.89) and SHBG (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. For free testosterone, there was a nonsignificant inverse association (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58-1.18). In a dose-response meta-analysis of endogenous sex hormone levels, inverse associations with colorectal/colon cancer risk were found for testosterone [relative risks (RR) per 100 ng/dL = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00; I² = 22%] and free testosterone (RR per 1 ng/dL = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.00; I² = 0%). Conclusions: Our results provide suggestive evidence for the association between testosterone, SHBG, and male colon cancer development. Impact: Additional support for the involvement of sex hormones in male colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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290. Yleisradion menestyksen eväätKenttäteoria ja metapääoma julkisen palvelun vahvan aseman selittäjinä

Author

Juho Rahkonen

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99, Communication. Mass media, P87-96, Journalism. The periodical press, etc., PN4699-5650
Abstract

Yleisradion tv-ohjelmiston kehityksestä on olemassa varsin paljon empiiristä tutkimustietoa, mutta sen teoretisoiminen ja kytkeminen laajempiin yhteiskunnallis-kulttuurisiin yhteyksiinsä on jäänyt suhteellisen vähäiseksi. Tässä artikkelissa tutkitaan Pierre Bourdieun kenttäteorian ja metapääoman käsitteen avulla sitä, miksi Yleisradio on onnistunut säilyttämään vahvan asemansa julkisen palvelun tarjoajana, vaikka yhteiskunta muuten on muuttunut yhä enemmän markkinaohjautuvaksi. Teoreettista työtä havainnollistetaan tiiviillä empiirisellä analyysillä Yleisradion tv-ohjelmistosta. Artikkelin mukaan Yleisradion menestys johtuu ennen kaikkea sen sopivuudesta suomalaiseen hyvinvointivaltioajatteluun. Yleisradiolla on erityisten, kenttäsidonnaisten pääomien lisäksi yleispätevää metapääomaa, joka vetoaa hegeliläiseen ”objektiiviseen henkeen”. Näin se pystyy vetoamaan laajoihin kansalaispiireihin ja säilyttämään legitimiteettinsä kenttärajat ylittävällä tasolla

Published
2006
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291. Poimintoja ajan virrasta

Author

Juho Rahkonen

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99, Communication. Mass media, P87-96, Journalism. The periodical press, etc., PN4699-5650
Published
2005

292. Hiipivä tuho

Author

Juho Rahkonen and Laura Ahva

Subjects
Social sciences (General), H1-99, Communication. Mass media, P87-96, Journalism. The periodical press, etc., PN4699-5650
Published
2005

299. Syringol metabolites as new biomarkers for smoked meat intake

Author

Wedekind, R. Keski-Rahkonen, P. Robinot, N. Viallon, V. Ferrari, P. Engel, E. Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. Mahamat-Saleh, Y. Mancini, F.R. Kühn, T. Johnson, T. Boeing, H. Bergmann, M. Karakatsani, A. Trichopoulou, A. Peppa, H. Agnoli, C. Santucci De Magistris, M. Palli, D. Sacerdote, C. Tumino, R. Gunter, M.J. Huybrechts, I. Scalbert, A.

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Background: Processed meat intake is associated with a higher risk of colorectal and stomach cancers, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes and with higher mortality, but the estimation of intake of different processed meat products in this heterogeneous food group in epidemiological studies remains challenging. Objective: This work aimed at identifying novel biomarkers for processed meat intake using metabolomics. Methods: An untargeted, multi-tiered metabolomics approach based on LC-MS was applied to 33 meat products digested in vitro and secondly to urine and plasma samples from a randomized crossover dietary intervention in which 12 volunteers consumed successively 3 processed meat products (bacon, salami, and hot dog) and 2 other foods used as controls, over 3 consecutive days. The putative biomarkers were then measured in urine from 474 subjects from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cross-sectional study for which detailed 24-h dietary recalls and FFQs were available. Results: Syringol and 4 derivatives of syringol were found to be characteristic of in vitro digests of smoked meat products. The same compounds present as sulfate esters in urine increased at 2 and 12 h after consumption of smoked meat products (hot dog, bacon) in the intervention study. The same syringol sulfates were also positively associated with recent or habitual consumption of smoked meat products in urine samples from participants of the EPIC cross-sectional study. These compounds showed good discriminative ability for smoked meat intake with receiver operator characteristic areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.86 and 0.74 to 0.79 for short-term and habitual intake, respectively. Conclusions: Four novel syringol sulfates were identified as potential biomarkers of smoked meat intake and may be used to improve assessment of smoked meat intake in epidemiological studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03354130. © American Society for Nutrition 2019.

Published
2019

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