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251. The PAMELA experiment on satellite and its capability in cosmic rays measurements

Author

Mark Pearce, M. Circella, P. Papini, P. Spillantini, E. Vannuccini, S. Straulino, S. A. Stephens, G. Vasiljev, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, P. Spinelli, Valerio Vignoli, J. V. Ozerov, M. G. Korotkov, Lorenzo Bonechi, N. Giglietto, N. Zampa, F. Taccetti, S. Y. Krutkov, G. Zampa, A. Morselli, V. Bonvicini, A. A. Moiseev, D. Campana, A. Salsano, Y. T. Yurkin, O. Adriani, S. A. Voronov, M. Ambriola, Marco Casolino, G Scian, Roberto Bellotti, N. Mirizzi, G. Castellini, Y. I. Stozhkov, B. Marangelli, M. P. De Pascale, G. C. Barbarino, P. Schiavon, E. R. Christian, Ulisse Bravar, Roberta Sparvoli, R. Mukhametshin, A. Gabbanini, P. Picozza, M Boscherini, E. A. Bogomolov, S. Bartalucci, A. Vacchi, M. Hof, Jonathan F. Ormes, John Krizmanic, R. E. Streitmatter, M. Tesi, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, S. Bertazzoni, Bruno Spataro, Mirko Boezio, M. Simon, F. Guarino, G. Osteria, A. Perego, J. Lund, M. Grandi, G. A. Bazilevskaja, N. Finetti, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, L. M. Barbier, Luca Marino, A. M. Galper, A. Grigorjeva, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, M. G. Castellano, W. Menn, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, F. Ciacio, S. Piccardi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Gianluca Furano, Barbarino, Giancarlo, and Guarino, Fausto

Subjects
Physics, Satellite experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Particle detector, law.invention, Positron, cosmic rays, law, Antiproton, Antimatter, Physics::Space Physics, antimatter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Satellite, satellite experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

The PAMELA equipment will be assembled in 2001 and installed on board the Russian satellite Resurs. PAMELA is conceived mainly to study the antiproton and positron fluxes in cosmic rays up to high ...

Published
2002

252. High-energy deuteron measurement with the CAPRICE98 experiment

Author

Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, M. Suffert, M. Circella, D. Bergström, M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, John Mitchell, F. Ciacio, Andrea Vacchi, M. P. De Pascale, W. Menn, A. Morselli, Mirko Boezio, S. J. Stochaj, P. Schiavon, Marco Casolino, C. De Marzo, Tom Francke, J. Kremer, S. Bartalucci, E. Mocchiutti, Peter Hansen, M. Simon, N. Finetti, S. Piccardi, F. Cafagna, N. Zampa, V. Bonvicini, Jonathan F. Ormes, M. Hof, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Maria Antonietta Ricci, Roberto Bellotti, R. E. Streitmatter, Piero Spillantini, S. A. Stephens, P. Carlson, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAPRICE, and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Spectrometer, Detector, Flux, Kinetic energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Calorimeter, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, Deuterium, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]
Abstract

The CAPRICE98 balloon-borne instrument was flown on 28–29 May 1998 from Fort Sumner (New Mexico, USA). The detector configuration included the NMSU-WiZard/CAPRICE superconducting-magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas RICH, a silicon-tungsten calorimeter and a time-of-flight system. By combining the information from the spectrometer and the RICH, which was used as a threshold device, it was possible to separate 2 H from 1 H in the kinetic energy range from 12 to 22 GeV/n. In order to estimate the proton background and the deuteron selection efficiency, an empirical model for the response of the instrument, based on the data collected in this experiment, was developed. The analysis procedure is described in this paper and the results on the absolute flux of 2 H and 2 H/He ratio are presented. These data on 2 H abundance represent the only measurements above 10 GeV/n.

Published
2002

253. MEASUREMENT OF BORON AND CARBON FLUXES IN COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT

Author

A. G. Mayorov, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, Piero Spillantini, S. Y. Krutkov, C. De Donato, Yuri Stozhkov, W. Menn, C. De Santis, Roberta Sparvoli, P. Picozza, G. Vasilyev, V. G. Zverev, Y. T. Yurkin, E. Vannuccini, V. Di Felice, F. Palma, R. Munini, N. De Simone, V. V. Malakhov, Paolo Papini, Sergey Koldashov, S. B. Ricciarini, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, O. Adriani, C. Pizzolotto, L. Marcelli, F. Cafagna, R. Carbone, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Simon, Valerio Formato, M. Merge, Marco Casolino, Per Carlson, M. Martucci, G. Castellini, V. V. Mikhailov, S. A. Voronov, Massimo Bongi, Nicola Mori, N. Zampa, E. Mocchiutti, G. A. Bazilevskaya, A. Bruno, S. Bottai, I. A. Danilchenko, Andrea Vacchi, Alexey Leonov, M. Ricci, Laura Rossetto, V. Bonvicini, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Scotti, Sergey Koldobskiy, Giancarlo Barbarino, Giuseppe Osteria, Mirko Boezio, A. V. Karelin, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, Alfonso Monaco, Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Danilchenko, I. A., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, Riccardo, Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Piccozza, P., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Rossetto, L., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zverev, V. G., Adriani, O. b., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G., Bellotti, R. g., Bogomolov, E., Bongi, M. b., Bruno, A. g., Casolino, M. l., Danilchenko, I., C. o., De, Simone, N. D., Felice, V. p., Formato, V. q., Galper, A., Karelin, A., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, S., Kvashnin, A., Marcelli, L. o., Martucci, M. r., Mayorov, A., Merg��, M. o., Mikhailov, V., Monaco, A. g., Mori, N. t., Munini, R. q., Osteria, Giuseppe, Palma, F. o., Picozza, P. o., Pizzolotto, C. u., Ricciarini, S. m., Scotti, V. d., Sparvoli, R. o., Spillantini, P. b., Stozhkov, Y., Voronov, S., Yurkin, Y., and Zverev, V.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, PAMELA, cosmic rays, boron carbon, Kinetic energy, Spectral line, Galaxy, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, Space and Planetary Science, boron carbon, Nuclear physics, chemistry, PAMELA, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Boron, Carbon, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

The propagation of cosmic rays inside our galaxy plays a fundamental role in shaping their injection spectra into those observed at Earth. One of the best tools to investigate this issue is the ratio of fluxes for secondary and primary species. The boron-to-carbon (B/C) ratio, in particular, is a sensitive probe to investigate propagation mechanisms. This paper presents new measurements of the absolute fluxes of boron and carbon nuclei as well as the B/C ratio from the PAMELA space experiment. The results span the range 0.44-129 GeV/n in kinetic energy for data taken in the period 2006 July to 2008 March. �� 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Published
2014

254. The effects of hyper-velocity dust-particle impacts on the LOFT Silicon Drift Detectors

Author

A. Vacchi, S. Bugiel, I. Rashevskaya, Emanuele Perinati, Eckhard Kendziorra, Andrea Santangelo, N. Zampa, M. Feroci, E. Del Monte, G. Zampa, A. Rachevski, and C. Tenzer

Subjects
Physics, Cosmic Vision, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Micrometeoroid, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray detector, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Optics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Space environment, Space debris
Abstract

Solid-state detectors that operate in orbit are required to withstand harsh space environment conditions. Among the various phenomena able to damage the sensors, X-ray detectors are subjected to impacts of orbital debris and micrometeoroids whenever, to be sensitive to low energy photons, they need to be ``directly'' exposed to the sky. The LOFT mission, proposed for the M3 class opportunity of the ESA Cosmic Vision, has a very-large sensitive area (greater than 10 m2) made of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD). Moreover, the satellite includes an X-ray Wide-Field Monitor based on the same SDD detectors. Here we present the results of a test campaign at the Cosmic Dust Accelerator Facility at MPIK in Heidelberg aimed at the space qualification of the detectors with respect to this phenomenon.

Published
2014

255. Measurement of the effect of non ionising energy losses on the leakage current of silicon drift detector prototypes for the LOFT satellite

Author

Sebastian Diebold, A. Vacchi, N. Zampa, M. Pohl, A. Rachevski, Emanuele Perinati, Riccardo Campana, Enrico Bozzo, Philipp Azzarello, Y. Evangelista, Gianluigi Zampa, E. Del Monte, and Marco Feroci

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Optics, Radiation damage to detector materials (solid state), X-ray detectors and telescopes, Mathematical Physics, Observatory, Radiation damage, Irradiation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The silicon drift detectors are at the basis of the instrumentation aboard the Large Observatory For x-ray Timing (LOFT) satellite mission, which underwent a three year assessment phase within the "Cosmic Vision 2015 - 2025" long-term science plan of the European Space Agency. Silicon detectors are especially sensitive to the displacement damage, produced by the non ionising energy losses of charged and neutral particles, leading to an increase of the device leakage current and thus worsening the spectral resolution. During the LOFT assessment phase, we irradiated two silicon drift detectors with a proton beam at the Proton Irradiation Facility in the accelerator of the Paul Scherrer Institute and we measured the increase in leakage current. In this paper we report the results of the irradiation and we discuss the impact of the radiation damage on the LOFT scientific performance., 21 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication by Journal of Instrumentation (JINST)

Published
2014

256. A low-power CMOS ASIC for X-ray Silicon Drift Detectors low-noise pulse processing

Author

A. Vacchi, M. Ahangarianabhari, F. Fuschino, I. Rashevskaya, Piero Malcovati, Alexander Rashevsky, N. Zampa, G. Zampa, Marco Grassi, Claudio Labanti, Marco Feroci, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Riccardo Campana, Y. Evangelista, and D. Macera

Subjects
Very-large-scale integration, Analogue electronic circuits, Front-end electronics for detector readout, VLSI circuits, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Anode, Power (physics), CMOS, chemistry, Application-specific integrated circuit, Optoelectronics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We present an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), named VEGA-1, designed and manufactured for low-power analog pulse processing of signals from Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). The VEGA-1 ASIC consists of an analog and a digital/mixed-signal section to achieve all the functionalities and specifications required for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in the energy range from 500 eV to 60 keV with low power consumption. The VEGA-1 ASIC has been designed and manufactured in 0.35-μm CMOS mixed-signal technology in single and 32-channel version with dimensions of 200 μm × 500 μm per channel. A minimum intrinsic ENC of 12 electrons r.m.s. at 3.6 μs shaping time and room temperature is measured for the ASIC without detector. The VEGA-1 has been tested with Q10-SDD designed in Trieste and fabricated at FBK, with an active area of 10 mm2 and a thickness of 450 μm. The aforementioned detector has an anode current of about 180 pA at +22°C. A minimum Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of 16 electrons r.m.s. at 3.0 μs shaping time and −30°C has been demonstrated with a total measured power consumption of 482 μW.

Published
2014

257. PAMELA mission: heralding a new era in cosmic ray physics

Author

Valentina Scotti, Valerio Formato, Mirko Boezio, V. G. Zverev, E. Mocchiutti, F. Palma, C. De Donato, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Per Carlson, Alfonso Monaco, A. G. Mayorov, A. V. Karelin, M. Merge, Roberta Sparvoli, G. Castellini, M. Bongi, G. I. Vasilyev, V. V. Malakhov, Riccardo Munini, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, L. Marcelli, C. De Santis, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, G. Osteria, C. Pizzolotto, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, P. Papini, S. A. Voronov, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, Matteo Martucci, E. Vannuccini, M. P. De Pascale, Ritabrata Sarkar, E. A. Bogomolov, S. Yu. Krutkov, S. Bottai, Roberto Bellotti, N. De Simone, Nicola Mori, A. M. Galper, R. Carbone, A. N. Kvashnin, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Y. T. Yurkin, Maria Teresa Ricci, F. Cafagna, M. D. Kheymits, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, V. Di Felice, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, Sergey Koldashov, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Ricciarini, S. B., Ariani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Donato, C., De Pascale, M. P., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., De Felice, V., Di Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Kheymits, M. D, Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, Riccardo, Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Sarkar, R., Simon, M., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zverev, V. G., Ricciarini, S., Adriani, O. b., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G., Bellotti, R. g., Bogomolov, E., Bongi, M. b., Bruno, A. g., Casolino, M. l., Donato, C. D., M. n., De, C. n., De, Simone, N. D., Felice, V. D., Formato, V. o., Galper, A., Karelin, A., Kheymits, M., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, S., Kvashnin, A., Martucci, M. q., Mayorov, A., Merg??????, M. n., Mikhailov, V., Munini, R. o., Osteria, Giuseppe, Palma, F. n., Picozza, P. n., C. s., T, Scotti, V. d., Sparvoli, R. n., Spillantini, P. b., Stozhkov, Y., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S., Yurkin, Y., and Zverev, V.

Subjects
Antimatter, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, space experiment, Dark matter, Particle detectors, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Earth's magnetosphere, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Physics and Astronomy (all), Heliosphere, symbols.namesake, PAMELA, PAMELA, space experiment, cosmic rays, antimatter, darkmatter, Cosmic rays, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, darkmatter, Astronomy, Galaxy, Antiproton, Van Allen radiation belt, Physics::Space Physics, symbols
Abstract

After seven years of data taking in space, the experiment PAMELA is showing very interesting features in cosmic rays, namely in the fluxes of protons, helium, electrons, that might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy. In addition, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes are setting strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. The continuous particle detection is allowing a constant monitoring of the solar activity and detailed study of the solar modulation for a long period, giving important improvements to the comprehension of the heliosphere mechanisms. PAMELA is also measuring the radiation environment around the Earth, and has recently discovered an antiproton radiation belt. ?????? Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014.

Published
2014

258. The Cosmic-Ray antiproton flux between 3 and 49 GeV

Author

M. Simon, Marco Casolino, Marco Ricci, S. A. Stephens, N. Zampa, M. Ambriola, R. E. Streitmatter, C. De Marzo, M. Suffert, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Finetti, S. Bartalucci, S. Grinstein, M. P. De Pascale, V. Bonvicini, Andrea Vacchi, F. Ciacio, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, W. Menn, Jonathan F. Ormes, Steven Stochaj, P. Papini, Tom Francke, E. Vannuccini, J. Kremer, P. Schiavon, D. Bergström, M. Hof, S. Piccardi, P. Spillantini, M. Circella, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, Mirko Boezio, A. Morselli, Roberto Bellotti, and John Mitchell

Subjects
Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Superconducting magnet, Tracking (particle physics), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Space and Planetary Science, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We report on a new measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton spectrum. The data were collected by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE98 which was flown on 28-29 May 1998 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico, USA. The experiment used the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE98 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector, a time-of-flight system, a tracking device consisting of drift chambers and a superconducting magnet and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter. The RICH detector was the first ever flown capable of mass-resolving charge-one particles at energies above 5 GeV. A total of 31 antiprotons with rigidities between 4 and 50 GV at the spectrometer were identified with small backgrounds from other particles. The absolute antiproton energy spectrum was determined in the kinetic energy region at the top of the atmosphere between 3.2 and 49.1 GeV. We found that the observed antiproton spectrum and the antiproton-to-proton ratio are consistent with a pure secondary origin. However, a primary component may not be excluded., Comment: 39 pages, 11 Postscript figures, uses AAS LATEX style; changes in sections 3.1.1, 3.3, 3.4 and 6, Figure 8 modified, 2 figures added, typos corrected

Published
2001

259. CAPRICE98: a balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer equipped with a gas RICH and a silicon calorimeter to study cosmic rays

Author

S. A. Stephens, Andrea Vacchi, F. Ciacio, F. Khalchukov, A. Morselli, P. Spillantini, John Mitchell, Marco Ricci, W. Menn, N. Zampa, S. Grinstein, Roberto Bellotti, P. Schiavon, S. J. Stochaj, Marco Casolino, M. Circella, Mirko Boezio, Per Carlson, M. Suffert, N. Finetti, Roberta Sparvoli, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, Tom Francke, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, S. Bartalucci, M. Simon, Ulisse Bravar, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, P. Papini, J. Kremer, Guido Barbiellini, Jonathan F. Ormes, D. Bergström, S. Piccardi, R. E. Streitmatter, M. Hof, N. Weber, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CAPRICE

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Cosmic ray, Particle identification, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Time of flight, Antiproton, law, Antimatter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

CAPRICE98 is a superconducting magnetic spectrometer, equipped with a gas RICH and a silicon calorimeter, launched from Ft. Sumner (USA), on the 28th of May 1998, by the WiZard collaboration. For the first time a gas RICH detector flew together with a silicon electromagnetic calorimeter, allowing mass resolved antiprotons, with E>18 GeV, to be detected. The detector configuration was completed by a time of flight for particle identification, and a set of three drift chambers for rigidity measurement. The science objectives are the study of antimatter in cosmic rays and the cosmic ray composition in the atmosphere with special focus on muons.

Published
2001

260. A High Granularity Imaging Calorimeter for Cosmic-Ray Physics

Author

V. Bonvicini, P. Schiavon, Mirko Boezio, G. Scian, Andrea Vacchi, G. Zampa, E. Mocchiutti, N. Zampa, Boezio, M., Bonivicini, V., Mocchiutti, E., Schiavon, Paolo, Scian, G., Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Dynamic range, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Electron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Optics, Positron, Physics - Space Physics, Antiproton, physics.space-ph, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det
Abstract

An imaging calorimeter has been designed and is being built for the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment. The physics goals of the experiment are the measurement of the flux of antiprotons, positrons and light isotopes in the cosmic radiation. The calorimeter is designed to perform a precise measurement of the total energy deposited, to reconstruct the spatial development of the showers (both in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions), and to measure the energy distribution along the shower itself. From this information, the calorimeter will identify antiprotons from a electron background and positrons in a background of protons with an efficiency of about 95% and a rejection power better than 10^-4. Furthermore, a self-trigger system has been implemented with the calorimeter that will be employed to measure high-energy (from about 300 GeV to more than 1 TeV) electrons. The instrument is composed of 22 layers of tungsten, each sandwiched between two "views" of silicon strip detectors (X and Y). The signals are read out by a custom VLSI front-end chip, the CR1.4P, specifically designed for the PAMELA calorimeter, with a dynamic range of 7.14 pC or 1400 mip (minimum ionizing particle). We report on the simulated performance and prototype design., Comment: 26 pages, 19 figures, elsart LATEX style, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. and Meth

Published
2001
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261. Measurements of primary cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium by the wizard collaboration

Author

M. Circella, M. Ambriola, G. Barbiellini, S. Bartalucci, R. Bellotti, D. Bergström, V. Bidoli, M. Boezio, V. Bonvicini, U. Bravar, F. Cafagna, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, F. Ciacio, C. De Marzo, M.P. De Pascale, N. Finetti, T. Francke, C. Grimani, S. Grinstein, M. Hof, J. Kremer, W. Menn, J.W. Mitchell, A. Morselli, J.F. Ormes, P. Papini, S. Piccardi, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, P. Schiavon, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, S.A. Stephens, S.J. Stochaj, R.E. Streitmatter, M. Suffert, A. Vacchi, N. Weber, and N. Zampa

Subjects
Normalization (statistics), Physics, Atmospheric Science, Spectrometer, Hydrogen, Detector, Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Superconducting magnet, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Particle, Helium
Abstract

We present the measurements of primary protons and helium nuclei performed by the Wizard Collaboration in different balloon-borne campaigns. A superconducting magnet spectrometer was used in these experiments together with detectors for particle recognition. These combinations of detectors made it possible to perform accurate particle measurements over a large (up to 200 GV for protons) energy interval. We focus in particular on the results from the MASS91 and CAPRICE94 experiments: We find a very good agreement between these two sets of measurements, also in comparison to other recent results. All these results seem to suggest that the normalization of primary cosmic rays may be significantly lower than previously estimated.

Published
2001

262. The PAMELA experiment in space

Author

G. A. Bazilevskaja, Tom Francke, A. Perego, S. A. Voronov, Raffaello D'Alessandro, P. Schiavon, A. Gabbanini, Valerio Vignoli, L. M. Barbier, Luca Marino, Gianluca Furano, R. Mukhametshin, John Krizmanic, A. M. Galper, D. Bergström, M. G. Korotkov, M. Tesi, Gianluigi Zampa, P. Spillantini, A. Salsano, M. Hof, M. Simon, M. Ambriola, V. Bonvicini, S. Bartalucci, J. V. Ozerov, M. Boscherini, Roberta Sparvoli, S. A. Stephens, O. Adriani, P. Spinelli, G. Vasiljev, G. Scian, Andrea Vacchi, S. Y. Krutkov, S. Piccardi, Per Carlson, W. Menn, N. Finetti, J. Lund, N. Zampa, F. Cafagna, Jonathan F. Ormes, E. Mocchiutti, M. Grandi, A. Grigorjeva, Roberto Bellotti, E. R. Christian, V. V. Mikhailov, Ulisse Bravar, F. Ciacio, A.A. Moissev, P. Picozza, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, N. Mirizzi, S. V. Koldashov, M. P. De Pascale, Y. T. Yurkin, Marco Ricci, John Mitchell, F. Taccetti, S. J. Stochaj, Mark Pearce, M. Circella, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. Morselli, B. Marangelli, N. Giglietto, S. Bertazzoni, Bruno Spataro, Mirko Boezio, Guido Barbiellini, G. Castellini, R. E. Streitmatter, E. Bogomolv, Y. Stozhokov, and Marco Casolino

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, PAMELA detector, satellite instrumentation, cosmic rays, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), law.invention, Space experiment, Positron, law, Antiproton, Antimatter, Physics::Space Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

We provide in this paper a status report of the space experiment PAMELA. PAMELA aims primarily to measure the flux of antiparticles, namely antiprotons and positrons, in cosmic rays with unpreceden ...

Published
2001

263. Study of the uniformity of high resistivity neutron doped silicon wafers for silicon drift detectors

Author

Paolo Giubellino, A. Kolojvari, A. Rashevsky, Marek Idzik, V. Bonvicini, A. Vacchi, L. Riccati, N. Zampa, P. Burger, S. Beole, and Gianluigi Casse

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Doping, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Optoelectronics, Neutron, Wafer, business, Instrumentation, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

The DSI collaboration goal has been the development of large-area silicon drift detectors (SDD) adapted to large-scale production in industry. Such a development is necessary for the use of SDDs in large tracking systems, such as the one proposed for the ALICE experiment at LHC (see Ref. [1] ). One of the necessary steps towards large-scale production is the study of the doping uniformity in commercially available Si wafers. We have performed a series of measurements aimed at the evaluation of large-scale fluctuations of doping concentration and of the possible influence on the detector quality induced by processing steps. In this paper, we report final results of both resistivity fluctuations and leakage currents measurements.

Published
2001

264. In-flight performance of SilEye-2 experiment and cosmic ray abundances inside the Mir space station

Author

N. Zampa, Marco Casolino, M. P. De Pascale, Livio Narici, Andrea Vacchi, E. De Grandis, Gianluca Furano, Marco Ricci, C. Fuglesang, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, Eva Reali, A. M. Galper, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Vavilov, V. Bidoli, S. Avdeev, A. Popov, Per Carlson, G. Castellini, G. Mazzenga, Mirko Boezio, A. Morselli, A. Khodarovich, M. G. Korotkov, W. Bonvicini, and P. Papini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Space (mathematics), law.invention, Telescope, Light flashes, chemistry, law, Boron
Abstract

Cosmic ray measurements performed with the instrument SilEye-2 on the Mir space station are presented. SilEye-2 is a silicon detector telescope used to study the causes of the light flashes perceived by astronauts. As a stand-alone device, it monitors the short- and long-term radiation composition inside Mir. The cosmic ray detector consists of an array of six active silicon strip detectors which allow nuclear identification of cosmic rays up to iron. The device was operational for more than 1000 h in the years 1998–2000, also measuring several solar particle events. In this work we present the in-flight performance of the instrument and nuclear abundance data from boron to silicon above � 150 MeV n −1 inside Mir.

Published
2001

265. THE SATELLITE TELESCOPE NINA FOR NUCLEAR AND ISOTOPIC INVESTIGATIONS IN SPACE

Author

P. Spillantini, A. Vacchi, Maria Teresa Ricci, Guido Barbiellini, A. Murashov, P. Schiavon, A. Morselli, A. V. Bakaldin, S. Piccardi, S. A. Voronov, N. Zampa, M. Ambriola, S. Bartalucci, Gianluca Furano, A. Scoscini, P. Picozza, S. V. Koldashov, F. Ciacio, A. Batishev, M. Circella, R. Cirami, P. Papini, C. De Marzo, R. Sparvoli, Mirko Boezio, A. M. Galper, V. V. Mikhailov, S. Giuntoli, Marco Casolino, V. Bidoli, F. Cafagna, W. Bonvicini, Roberto Bellotti, and M. P. De Pascale

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, law, Astronomy, Satellite, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), law.invention
Published
2000

266. Study of cosmic rays and light flashes on board Space Station MIR: The SilEye experiment

Author

Andrea Vacchi, G Padalko, V. Bidoli, Eva Reali, S. Avdeev, V. Shabelnikov, A Alexandrov, Livio Narici, S. Bartalucci, Marco Casolino, N. Vavilov, O. Adriani, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Popov, Gianluca Furano, Walter G. Sannita, Per Carlson, N. Zampa, Marco Ricci, Christer Fuglesang, P. Picozza, Yu. Baturin, P. Spillantini, G. Mazzenga, W. Bonvicini, G. Castellini, M. P. De Pascale, A. Morselli, Mirko Boezio, A. M. Galper, Yu. V. Ozerov, Yu. Budarin, and G. Barbellini

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Silicon, Light, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Dark Adaptation, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), Radiation Dosage, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Light flashes, Humans, Space and Planetary Science, Spacecraft, Physics, Track (disk drive), Detector, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space Flight, South Atlantic Anomaly, On board, Geophysics, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Orbit (dynamics), Visual Perception, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Protons, Cosmic Radiation, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

The SilEye experiment aims to study the cause and processes related to the anomalous Light Flashes (LF) perceived by astronauts in orbit and their relation with Cosmic Rays. These observations will be also useful in the study of the long duration manned space flight environment. Two PC-driven silicon detector telescopes have been built and placed aboard Space Station MIR. SilEye-1 was launched in 1995 and provided particles track and LF information; the data gathered indicate a linear dependence of FLF(Hz) ( 4 2) 10(3) 5.3 1.7 10(4) Fpart(Hz) if South Atlantic Anomaly fluxes are not included. Even though higher statistic is required, this is an indication that heavy ion interactions with the eye are the main LF cause. To improve quality and quantity of measurements, a second apparatus, SilEye-2, was placed on MIR in 1997, and started work from August 1998. This instrument provides energetic information, which allows nuclear identification in selected energy ranges; we present preliminary measurements of the radiation field inside MIR performed with SilEye-2 detector in June 1998.

Published
2000

267. Laboratory and test beam results from a large-area silicon drift detector

Author

A. Gregorio, Paolo Giubellino, A. Kolojvari, A. Vacchi, Catia Petta, Alexander Rashevsky, D. Nouais, F. Tosello, L. Busso, L. M. Montaño, Leonid Vinogradov, Nunzio Randazzo, V. Bonvicini, S. Reito, N. Zampa, Marek Idzik, Bonvicini, W., Busso, L., Giubellino, P., Gregorio, Anna, Idzik, M., Kolojvari, A., Montano, L. M., Nouais, D., Petta, C., Rashevsky, A., Randazzo, N., and Reito, S.

Subjects
Very-large-scale integration, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, test at CERN, Detector, Noise (electronics), Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A very large-area (6.75×8 cm2) silicon drift detector with integrated high-voltage divider has been designed, produced and fully characterised in the laboratory by means of ad hoc designed MOS injection electrodes. The detector is of the “butterfly” type, the sensitive area being subdivided into two regions with a maximum drift length of 3.3 cm. The device was also tested in a pion beam (at the CERN PS) tagged by means of a microstrip detector telescope. Bipolar VLSI front-end cells featuring a noise of 250 e− rms at 0 pF with a slope of 40 e−/pF have been used to read out the signals. The detector showed an excellent stability and featured the expected characteristics. Some preliminary results will be presented.

Published
2000

268. First mass-resolved measurement of high-energy cosmic-ray antiprotons

Author

M. Ambriola, Marco Ricci, P. Schiavon, Roberta Sparvoli, S. Piccardi, Marco Casolino, Tom Francke, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, F. Ciacio, P. Spillantini, C. De Marzo, S. Bartalucci, M. Simon, A. Morselli, R. E. Streitmatter, M. Hof, W. Menn, F. Khalchukov, Mirko Boezio, M. Suffert, N. Zampa, V. Bonvicini, P. Papini, J. Kremer, M. P. De Pascale, N. Finetti, S. A. Stephens, M. Circella, Jonathan F. Ormes, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, A. Vacchi, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, D. Bergström, Roberto Bellotti, S. Grinstein, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
Physics, PAMELA detector, Calorimeter (particle physics), Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Atmosphere, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Space and Planetary Science, law, Antiproton, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report new results for the cosmic-ray antiproton-to-proton ratio from 3 to 50 GeV at the top of the atmosphere. These results represent the first measurements, on an event-by-event basis, of mass-resolved antiprotons above 18 GeV. The results were obtained with the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE98 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas-RICH (Ring-Imaging Cerenkov) counter and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter. The RICH detector was the first ever flown that is capable of identifying charge-one particles at energies above 5 GeV. The spectrometer was flown on 1998 May 28‐29 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The measured /p ¯ p ratio is in agreement with a pure secondary interstellar production. Subject headings: acceleration of particles — balloons — cosmic rays — dark matter — elementary particles

Published
2000

269. The WiZard collaboration cosmic ray muon measurements in the atmosphere

Author

M. Circella, M.L. Ambriola, G. Barbiellini, S. Bartalucci, R. Bellotti, D. Bergström, V. Bidoli, M. Boezio, U. Bravar, F. Cafagna, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, F. Ciacio, C.N. De Marzo, M.P. De Pascale, N. Finetti, T. Francke, S. Grinstein, M. Hof, F. Khalchukov, J. Kremer, W. Menn, J.W. Mitchell, A. Morselli, J.F. Ormes, P. Papini, S. Piccardi, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, P. Schiavon, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, S.A. Stephens, S.J. Stochaj, R.E. Streitmatter, M. Suffert, A. Vacchi, N. Zampa, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Atmosphere, Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Atmospheric neutrino, Wizard, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare
Abstract

Balloon-borne experiments allow cosmic ray measurements to be performed over large ranges of atmospheric depths. The WiZard Collaboration is involved in a long-range investigation of the cosmic ray muon fluxes in the atmosphere. In this paper, we will discuss the relevance of such measurements to the atmospheric neutrino calculations and will review the results reported by the Collaboration, with particular emphasis on those coming from the latest flight CAPRICE98.

Published
1999

270. CAPRICE98: a balloon borne magnetic spectrometer to study cosmic ray antimatter and composition at different atmospheric depths

Author

Guido Barbiellini, M. Suffert, S. A. Stephens, R. E. Streitmatter, John Mitchell, M. Bocciolini, S. J. Stochaj, P. Papini, J. Kremer, Andrea Vacchi, P. Spillantini, M. Ambriola, Roberto Bellotti, M. P. De Pascale, Roberta Sparvoli, S. Piccardi, P. Schiavon, A. Perego, N. Weber, M. Circella, Marco Casolino, Mirko Boezio, S. Bartalucci, M. Simon, A. Morselli, Ulisse Bravar, Jonathan F. Ormes, F. Ciacio, W. Menn, P. Picozza, N. Zampa, Marco Ricci, N. Finetti, M. Hof, G. Basini, Marcello Castellano, C. De Marzo, D. Bergstroem, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, Tom Francke, Heyd, Yvette, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time of flight detector, Muon, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Antimatter, Carbon–fluorine bond, business
Abstract

CAPRICE98 is a superconducting magnetic spectrometer built by the WiZard collaboration. It was launched from Ft. Summer, NM, USA on the 28th of May 1998. For the first time a gas RICH detector has been flown together with a silicon electromagnetic calorimeter. The instrument configuration included a time of flight detector and a drift chamber stack, which were placed in the region of a magnet field, for rigidity measurement. Science objectives for this experiment include the study of antimatter in cosmic rays and that of cosmic ray composition in the atmosphere with special focus on muons.

Published
1999

271. A Novel Self-Biased Linear Silicon Drift Detector

Author

Daniela De Venuto, Alexander Rashevsky, A. Vacchi, N. Zampa, P. Burger, Giuseppe Gramegna, Cristoforo Marzocca, Francesco Corsi, and V. Bonvicini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron mobility, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Voltage divider, Electrical engineering, Linearity, Cathode, Anode, Computational physics, law.invention, Large sensitive area, Selfbiasing cathodes, Silicon drift detectors, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Zigzag, law, Electric potential, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

A novel linear silicon drift detector (SDD) is proposed in which the proper potential profile is established by the voltage drop along a unique p/sup +/ cathode implanted across the surfaces. This p/sup +/ implant, arranged in a zigzag shape, acts at the same time as voltage divider and field cathode and allows us to increase the sensitive area, improving also the uniformity of the thermal distribution and thus minimizing the fluctuation of the electron mobility on the sensitive zone of the SDD. The perturbations of the drift field due to the asymmetry of the strips constituting the zigzag cathode have been evaluated by solving analytically Poisson's equation for a simplified model of the structure. Three-dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out to prove the negligible amount of the perturbation and the effectiveness of the proposed structure. Based on this principle, a prototype has been manufactured at Canberra Semiconductor Company. Dynamic measurements of the time-of-flight of an injected charge prove that the linearity of the prototype and the drift uniformity in the anode direction are very high.

Published
1999

272. The space telescope NINA: results of a beam test calibration

Author

Marco Casolino, A. Scoscini, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluca Furano, P. Picozza, R. Cirami, P. Spillantini, A. M. Galper, S. Giuntoli, Guido Barbiellini, F. Ciacio, A. V. Bakaldin, S. Piccardi, Mirko Boezio, A. Murashov, S. Bartalucci, M. P. De Pascale, W. Bonvicini, V. V. Mikhailov, A. Morselli, S. A. Voronov, N. Zampa, M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Batishev, Roberto Bellotti, M. Circella, P. Papini, M. G. Korotkov, F. Cafagna, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, P. Schiavon, and Marcello Castellano

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, isotopic composition, beam test, Cosmic ray, Particle detector, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Satellite, Cosmic rays, silicon detector, Particle beam, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

In June 1998 the telescope NINA will be launched in space on board of the Russian satellite Resource-01 n.4. The main scientific objective of the mission is the study of the anomalous, galactic and solar components of the cosmic rays in the energy interval 10–200 MeV/n. The core of the instrument is a silicon detector whose performances have been tested with a particle beam at the GSI Laboratory in Germany in 1997; we report here on the results obtained during the beam calibration.

Published
1999

273. Silicon drift detector with a continuous implanted resistor as divider-drift electrode

Author

Andrea Vacchi, N. Randazzo, A. Rashevsky, Catia Petta, P. Burger, Stefania Beole, Marek Idzik, N. Zampa, and V. Bonvicini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Far-infrared laser, Linearity, High voltage, Dissipation, law.invention, law, Electrode, Optoelectronics, Resistor, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The peculiarity of the drift chamber prototype presented in this paper is the high voltage divider, which is implanted in the entire sensitive zone, thus, it has at the same time the function of drift electrode. This brings some advantage: (1) there is no metallization in the sensitive zone, hence, the detector can have a wider spectrum of applications (e.g. detection of soft X-rays and low-energy electrons); (2) the mask design and detector fabrications are made simpler; (3) a uniform power dissipation from the divider is assured. This detector is a “butterfly” bi-directional structure with a drift length of 16 mm for each half. Time-of-flight measurements in order to check the response uniformity of the suggested detector topography were performed by injecting charge with the use of a focused infrared laser. The rather good linearity and uniformity of the drift in different parts of the sensitive area are demonstrated.

Published
1998

274. Study of the combined particle identification capability of a transition radiation detector and a silicon imaging calorimeter during the TS93 balloon flight

Author

N. Finetti, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, M. Hof, A. Perego, P. Spinelli, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Colavita, Catia Grimani, F. Cafagna, F. Aversa, A. Rainò, Antonio Codino, G. Basini, S. A. Stephens, F. Fratnik, Paolo Papini, R. E. Streitmatter, M. P. De Pascale, Roberto Bellotti, Marcello Castellano, B. Marangelli, M. Ricci, Mirko Boezio, A. Morselli, Marco Casolino, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, M. Candusso, M. Simon, W. Menn, R. L. Golden, G. Barbiellini, P. Spillantini, A. Vacchi, S. Piccardi, N. Zampa, G. De Cataldo, P. Picozza, M. Circella, P. Schiavon, N. Giglietto, M. Brancaccio, and M. Grandi

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Positron, Optics, Antimatter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

The WiZard Collaboration is involved in a program studying the antimatter components of the cosmic rays. A transition radiation detector and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter with imaging capabilities have been built as part of this program. We present the combined performance of these two detectors for positron identification during a balloon flight on September 8, 1993. The flight was dedicated to the measurement of the positron spectrum in the energy range 4–50 GeV and was launched from Ft. Summer, New Mexico.

Published
1997

275. Design and evaluation of AC-coupled, FOXFET-biased, 'edge-on' silicon strip detectors for X-ray imaging

Author

M. Prest, P. Burger, A. Rashevsky, Giovanni Cantatore, Andrea Vacchi, Silvia Pani, V. Bonvicini, M. Di Michiel, Diego Pontoni, Renata Longo, N. Zampa, Giuliana Tromba, Alberto Bravin, P. Poropat, Alessandro Olivo, Edoardo Castelli, Fulvia Arfelli, Arfelli, F, Bonvicini, V, Bravin, A, Burger, P, Cantatore, G, Castelli, E, Dimichiel, M, Longo, R, Olivo, A, Pani, S, Pontoni, D, Poropat, P, Prest, M, Rashevsky, A, Tromba, G, Vacchi, A, and Zampa, N

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, silicon strip detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), STRIPS, FOXFET biased, Radiation, law.invention, Optics, SYRMEP, law, digital mammography, AC-coupled, FOXFET-biased, silicon strip detector, X-ray imaging, Instrumentation, Capacitive coupling, Physics, AC coupled, business.industry, Detector, Capacitor, chemistry, business, DC bias
Abstract

A silicon strip detector for the SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) experiment has been designed and realised. The main features of this detector are AC-coupling through integrated coupling capacitors, DC bias of the strips by means of a gated punch-through structure, bulk contact on the junction side through a forward-biased p + implant, thinned entrance window for the incoming radiation (in an “edge-on” geometry) and integrated fan-in on active silicon. Results of laboratory tests of the detector parameters, allowing a thorough evaluation of the technological solutions employed, are presented.

Published
1997

276. Experimental beam test of the SilEye2 apparatus

Author

G. Barbellini, Roberta Sparvoli, Mirko Boezio, Marco Ricci, W. Bonvicini, A Alexandrov, Enzo Reali, P. Spillantini, Gianluca Furano, V. M. Zemskov, Andrea Vacchi, A. M. Galper, S. Avdeev, V. G. Zverev, Marco Casolino, S. Giuntoli, N. Zampa, Yu. V. Ozerov, M. P. De Pascale, V. Bidoli, G. Mazzenga, C. Fuglesang, A. Morselli, P. Picozza, V. Shabelnikov, A. Popov, and Per Carlson

Subjects
On board, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Light flashes, Optics, business.industry, Calibration, Cosmic ray, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), The Svedberg Laboratory
Abstract

We present the experimental results obtained with the SilEye2 apparatus during one week test run at the Svedberg Laboratory, Sweden. These results will be used for energy calibration of the data collected on board the MIR Space Station from fall 1997. Data that will be collected with SilEye2 are necessary to understand the phenomenon of optical light flashes (LF) in cosmonauts' eyes during orbital flights and for investigation of the nuclear fluxes in cosmic rays.

Published
1997

277. The cosmic ray antiproton flux between 0.62 and 3.19 GeV measured near solar minimum activity

Author

P. Spillantini, P. Schiavon, A. Vacchi, Catia Grimani, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, Ulisse Bravar, Tom Francke, N. Zampa, Mirko Boezio, C. De Marzo, P. Picozza, M. Simon, M. Circella, M. Suffert, A. Perego, P. Papini, M. G. Castellano, Antonio Codino, R. L. Golden, G. de Cataldo, M. P. De Pascale, N. Weber, Guido Barbiellini, Roberto Bellotti, Marco Casolino, A. Morselli, Marco Ricci, R. E. Streitmatter, M. Bocciolini, W. Menn, S. A. Stephens, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Giglietto, S. Piccardi, Jonathan F. Ormes, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, P. Spinelli, M. Candusso, N. Finetti, G. Basini, M. Hof, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
Solar minimum, sun, elementary particles, Elementary particle, Cosmic ray, activity [balloons, cosmic rays, elementary particles, Sun], law.invention, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], cosmic rays, law, Balloons, sun, activity, activity [Sun], Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, activity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Antiproton, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], High Energy Physics::Experiment, balloons
Abstract

We report on the absolute antiproton Nux and the antiproton to proton ratio in the energy range 0.62E3.19 GeV at the top of the atmosphere, measured by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE Nown from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada, on 1994 August 8E9. The experiment used the New Mexico State University WiZard/CAPRICE balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a solid radiator Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter for particle identi-cation. This is the -rst time a RICH is used together with an imaging calorimeter in a balloon experiment, and it allows antiprotons to be clearly identi-ed over the rigidity range 1.2E4 GV. Nine antiprotons were identi-ed in the energy range 0.62E3.19 GeV at the top of the atmosphere. The data were collected over 18 hr at a mean residual atmosphere of 3.9 g cm~2. The absolute antiproton Nux is consistent with a pure secondary production of antiprotons during the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Subject headings: balloons E cosmic rays E elementary particles E Sun: activity

Published
1997

278. An 'edge-on' silicon strip detector for X-ray imaging

Author

Alberto Bravin, Silvia Pani, R. Longo, Edoardo Castelli, P. Poropat, Alexander Rashevsky, Diego Pontoni, G. Barbiellini, N. Zampa, M. Prest, Fulvia Arfelli, Giovanni Cantatore, M. Di Michiel, Alessandro Olivo, Giuliana Tromba, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, Arfelli, F, Barbiellini, G, Bonvicini, V, Bravin, A, Cantatore, G, Castelli, E, Di Michiel, M, Longo, R, Olivo, A, Pani, S, Pontoni, D, Poropat, P, Prest, M, Rashevsky, A, Tromba, G, Vacchi, A, Zampa, N, Arfelli, Fulvia, Cantatore, Giovanni, Castelli, Edoardo, DI MICHIEL, M, Longo, Renata, and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, X-ray detector, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, law.invention, SYRMEP, law, Nuclear electronics, digital mammography, readout ASIC, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, silicon detector, Capacitive coupling, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Biasing, silicon strip detector, X-ray imaging, Capacitor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

A silicon strip detector for the SYRMEP (SYncrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) experiment has been designed and realised. The main features of this detector are AC-coupling through integrated coupling capacitors, DC biasing by means of a gated punch-through structure, bulk contact on the junction side through a forward-biased p/sup +/ implant and integrated fan-in on active silicon. Results of laboratory tests of the detector parameters, allowing a thorough evaluation of the technological solutions employed, are presented. The functionality of the detectors and the charge collection linearity have been tested with different /spl gamma/ sources, using a hybrid, low-noise front-end electronics.

Published
1997

279. Silicon drift detector; studies about geometry of electrodes and production technology

Author

Cristoforo Marzocca, L. Vinogradov, Andrea Vacchi, Vito Manzari, Francesco Corsi, P. Burger, G. Gramegna, V. Bonvicini, L. Riccati, A. Rashevsky, S. Beole, N. Zampa, Gianluigi Casse, Paolo Giubellino, A. Kolojvari, and Daniela De Venuto

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Hybrid silicon laser, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Integrated circuit, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, law.invention, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Having high spatial resolution and good energy response the silicon drift detector (SDD) finds specific applications in experimental physics. The aims of this project are: simplified detector production and operation, improved total-to-sensitivearea ratio and stable working conditions. We have started a systematic study which includes all elements of the device, the silicon wafer, the various electrodes, an improved technology and VLSI front-end electronics. Several prototypes have been produced and we are progressively testing them. We summarize here our program of work and present the results from the first drift structures tested.

Published
1996

280. Performance of the CAPRICE RICH detector during the 1994 balloon flight

Author

P. Schiavon, U. Bravar, M. G. Castellano, R. L. Golden, M. Circella, P. Papini, S. Piccardi, P. Spillantini, Roberta Sparvoli, M. Suffert, G. Basini, Mirko Boezio, M. Simon, Andrea Vacchi, Per Carlson, F. Massimo Brancaccio, N. Finetti, M. Bocciolini, F. Cafagna, M. P. De Pascale, John Mitchell, Roberto Bellotti, A. Morselli, S. J. Stochaj, B. Marangelli, Tom Francke, P. Spinelli, Marco Casolino, N. Giglietto, N. Zampa, P. Picozza, S. A. Stephens, C. De Marzo, G. de Cataldo, M. Hof, Guido Barbiellini, M. Candusso, Catia Grimani, N. Weber, Antonio Codino, A. Perego, Marco Ricci, R. E. Streitmatter, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Photoelectric effect, Charged particle, Particle identification, Cathode, law.invention, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, Antiproton, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A RICH detector capable of detecting unit charged particles, e.g. antiprotons and positrons, has been used successfully for the first time in a balloon-borne magnet spectrometer. The thin and compact CAPRICE RICH detector uses a NaF solid radiator, TMAE vapour as photo converter and cathode pad readout in the photosensitive MWPC operated at low gain. 15 photoelectrons are detected per ring for β = 1, perpendicular incidence particles giving a resolution on the Cherenkov angle of 8 mrad, increasing to 14 mrad at 20°C incidence angle. Besides particle identification on an event-by-event basis it efficiently rejects multiparticle events and albedo particles.

Published
1996

281. Identification of cosmic ray electrons and positrons by neural networks

Author

F. Aversa, N. Zampa, Catia Grimani, Paolo Papini, F. Cafagna, Mirko Boezio, M. P. De Pascale, Roberto Bellotti, G. Barbiellini, A. Rainò, U. Bravar, B. Marangelli, M. Ricci, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, Marcello Castellano, A. Vacchi, F. Massimo Brancaccio, S. Piccardi, F. Fratnik, N. Finetti, G. De Cataldo, A. Perego, W. Menn, R. L. Golden, A. Colavita, P. Spillantini, John Mitchell, P. Spinelli, S. A. Stephens, S. J. Stochaj, Roberta Sparvoli, M. Bocciolini, Marco Casolino, R. E. Streitmatter, A. Morselli, M. Simon, P. Picozza, N. Giglietto, M. Circella, M. Candusso, P. Schiavon, G. Basini, and M. Hof

Subjects
Physics, Artificial neural network, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, PERFORMANCE, Particle detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Positron, TRANSITION RADIATION DETECTOR, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A data analysis based on artificial neural network classifiers has been done to identify cosmic ray electrons and positrons detected with the balloon-borne NMSU/Wizard-TS93 experiment. The information is provided by two ancillary and independent particle detectors: a transition radiation detector and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter. Electrons and positrons measured during the flight have been identified with background rejection factors of 80 ± 3 and 500 ± 37 at signal efficiencies of 72 ± 3% and 86 ± 2% for the transition radiation detector and silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter, respectively. The ability of the artificial neural network classifiers to perform a careful multidimensional analysis surpasses the results achieved by conventional methods.

Published
1996

282. NINA: a lightweight silicon strip detector for cosmic ray research in space

Author

S. V. Koldashov, V. Bidoli, M. Circella, Maria Antonietta Ricci, Roberto Bellotti, P. Spillantini, S. A. Voronov, Carlo Nicola De Marzo, M. P. DePascale, Andrea Vacchi, S. Bartalucci, Mirko Boezio, F. Cafagna, Guido Barbiellini, M. G. Korotkov, P. Spinelli, N. Zampa, V. V. Mikhailov, A. Morselli, A. A. Moiseev, Marco Casolino, M. Bocciolini, Marcello Castellano, A. M. Galper, Andrey Popov, Piergiorgio Picozza, R. Sparvoli, and M. Candusso

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Polar orbit, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Orbital mechanics, symbols.namesake, Antimatter, Van Allen radiation belt, symbols, Satellite
Abstract

NINA is the first of three telescopes of the Russian Italian Mission (RIM), devoted through the detection of cosmic rays to the study of galactic and extragalactic astrophysical phenomena. The detector of RIM-1 mission consists of 16 double sided silicon strips. The use of silicon technology is space applications has severel advantages thanks to its low consumption, high signal to noise ratio, low dead area, and no use of gas refueling systems. Indeed these detectors and the electronics used comes from balloon cosmic ray research carried out by the Wizard collaboration in the past years. NINA will be placed in a 700 km polar orbit on the Russian Resource-01 n. 4 satellite by the end of 1996. Solar and galactic cosmic ray nuclei from Hydrogen to Iron in the 10-100 MeV/n region will be studied. In addition to the physical goals, which include the study of anomalous component nuclei inside and outside the radiation belts, technological aspects of this low cost (1.5M dollars) mission will be equally important to the development of the following two steps of RIM mission: PAMELA and GILDA missions--devoted to antimatter and gamma ray research respectively--will make extensive use of the research and development performed with NINA.

Published
1995

283. WiZard SI-W imaging calorimeter: a preliminary study on its particle identification capability during a balloon flight in 1993

Author

U. Bravar, G. de Cataldo, F. Cafagna, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, Catia Grimani, P. Picozza, A. Colavita, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, Guido Barbiellini, F. Bronzini, Paolo Papini, M. Bocciolini, M. P. De Pascale, Bartolomeo Marangelli, A. Morselli, P. Schiavon, F. Celletti, Andrea Vacchi, M. Miozza, A. Rainò, N. Giglietto, Marco Casolino, Maria Teresa Brunetti, Antonio Codino, F. Fratnik, Mauro Menichelli, R. E. Streitmatter, A. Perego, Roberto Bellotti, Roberta Sparvoli, F. M. Brancaccio, W. Menn, Piero Spillantini, R. L. Golden, P. Spinelli, N. Zampa, Marcello Castellano, Mirko Boezio, F. Aversa, S. Piccardi, M. Grandi, Marco Ricci, M. Hof, M. Circella, N. Finetti, M. Candusso, G. Basini, G. Mazzenga, S.A. Stephens, M. Simon, and Jonathan F. Ormes

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Wizard, Balloon, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, Positron, Antimatter, Aerospace engineering, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The WiZard Collaboration is engaged in a program to study the antimatter components of the cosmic rays. A silicon-tungsten (WiW) imaging calorimeter has been developed as part of this program. We present its performance and preliminary results, obtained during a balloon flight on September 8, 1993. The flight was dedicated to the measurement of the positron spectrum in the energy range 4–50 GeV and took place from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico.

Published
1995

284. Silicon calorimeter for cosmic antimatter search

Author

M. Miozza, Marco Casolino, M. P. De Pascale, A. Perego, Mirko Boezio, A. Incicchitti, Guido Barbiellini, G. Basini, M. Bocciolini, F. Celletti, Andrea Vacchi, P. Spillantini, V. Bidoli, F. Massimo Brancaccio, Maria Teresa Brunetti, I. Salvatori, P. Picozza, M. Grandi, D. Prosperi, Mauro Menichelli, M. Candusso, C. De Fabritiis, N. Zampa, Antonio Codino, F. Fratnik, Maria Antonietta Ricci, P. Schiavon, F. Bongiorno, A. Morselli, and A. Buccheri

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Sampling (statistics), Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, Antiproton, Antimatter, Atomic and Molecular Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, and Optics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The silicon sampling calorimeter presented is conceived as a fine grained imaging device to carry out studies of the anti-matter component in the primary cosmic radiation; it will be used in balloon payload program starting in 1993. The first sampling layer (48×48 cm2) of this silicon calorimeter has been completed and successfully tested. We report the first results form studies performed at the CERN PS t7 beam. The complete calorimeter contains 20 xy sampling layers (strip pitch 3.6 mm) interleaved with 19 showering material planes (tungsten 0.5 X0). This allows to picture the transverse distributions of the shower in both coordinates at each sampling. The outstanding imaging capabilities reflects in high particle identification power. Preliminary results from beam tests performed with antiprotons at 3.5 GeV on a tower prototype of the calorimeter are reported.

Published
1993

285. SILICON TRACKING CALORIMETER FOR ANTIMATTER SEARCH IN SPACE: FIRST EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM A PROTOTYPE

Author

G. BARBIELLINI, G. BASINI, V. BIDOLI, M. BOCCIOLINI, F. BONGIORNO, A. BUCCHERI, M. CANDUSSO, F. CELLETTI, C. DE-FABRITIIS, M. P. DE-PASCALE, F. FRATNIK, A. INCICCHITTI, F. MASSIMO-BRANCACCIO, M. MENICHELLI, A. MORSELLI, A. PEREGO, P. PICOZZA, D. PROSPERI, M. RICCI, I. SALVATORI, P. SCHIAVON, P. SPILLANTINI, A. VACCHI, and N. ZAMPA

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

This report presents the preliminary results of the performances of a prototype of a silicon tungsten calorimeter, which has been conceived as a high-granularity tracking calorimeter for cosmic ray studies. The calorimeter contains 20 XY sampling planes interleaved with 19 showering material planes (W, 0.5 X_0 = 1.75 mm). One sensitive plane is obtained two silicon strip detectors (Si-D) (60 x 60) mm^2 divided in 16 strips 3.6 mm wide. The strips of the two detectors are perpendicular to each other in order to provide the transverse distributions in both coordinates at each sampling. The basic characteristics of the design and the first experimental results obtained at a test beam at CERN PS for 2, 4 and 6 GeV electrons and pions are reported. The main results here presented are: the response of the calorimeter to the electron energies, the transverse shower profiles at different calorimeter depths as well as the patterns of the electron induced electromagnetic shower and those of the interating and non interating pions. The angular resolution has been measured for electron showers at 4 GeV. The calorimeter performances and the adopted design criteria are also considered for possible applications to preshower detectors.

Published
1991
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286. Dual origins of light flashes seen in space

Author

Marco Ricci, S. Avdeev, M. P. De Pascale, A. M. Galper, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, G. Mazzenga, A. Popov, P. Spillantini, Roberta Sparvoli, Per Carlson, C. Fuglesang, G. Castellini, Livio Narici, V. Bidoli, Andrea Vacchi, N. Vavilov, Marco Casolino, Mirko Boezio, A. Morselli, N. Zampa, Walter G. Sannita, M. G. Korotkov, and Enzo Reali

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Visual phenomena, Space (mathematics), On board, Light flashes, Ocular physiology, Optics, Human visual system model, Extraterrestrial Environment, business
Abstract

Light flashes are unusual visual phenomena that are observed in space and are caused by the interaction of energetic cosmic-ray particles with the human visual system. Using data gathered on board the Mir space station during the Sileye-2 experiment1, we show here that there are two separate components of cosmic rays that cause these flashes: one due to heavy nuclei and one due to protons. This indicates that perception by an astronaut's visual apparatus could involve two complementary mechanisms.

Published
2003

287. Geomagnetically trapped light isotopes observed with the detector NINA

Author

E. Vannuccini, Andrea Vacchi, A. Iannucci, M. G. Korotkov, A. A. Leonov, S. Straulino, A. V. Bakaldin, P. Picozza, M. Ambriola, A. Morselli, M. P. De Pascale, N. Zampa, Roberto Bellotti, Gianluca Furano, Marco Casolino, O. Adriani, M. Ricci, Roberta Sparvoli, R. Cirami, C. De Marzo, V. Bonvicini, M. Circella, S. V. Koldashov, Piero Spillantini, F. Cafagna, S. A. Voronov, Mirko Boezio, P. Papini, G. Castellini, V. V. Mikhailov, V. Bidoli, F. Ciacio, A. Murashov, and A. M. Galper

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Proton, Nuclear Theory, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, L-shell, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Isotopes of helium, Helium, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Physics, Ecology, Isotope, Paleontology, Forestry, South Atlantic Anomaly, Geophysics, chemistry, Deuterium, Space and Planetary Science, Van Allen radiation belt, symbols, Atomic physics
Abstract

[1] The detector New Instrument for Nuclear Analysis (NINA) aboard the satellite Resurs-01-N4 detected hydrogen and helium isotopes geomagnetically trapped, while crossing the South Atlantic Anomaly. Deuterium and tritium at L shell < 1.2 were unambiguously recognized. The 3He and 4He power law spectra, reconstructed at L shell = 1.2 and B < 0.22 G, have indices equal to 2.30 ± 0.08 in the energy range 12–50 MeV nucleon−1 and 3.4 ± 0.2 in 10–30 MeV nucleon−1, respectively. The measured 3He/4He ratio and the reconstructed deuterium profile as a function of L shell bring one to the conclusion that the main source of radiation belt light isotopes at Resurs altitudes (∼800 km) and for energy greater than 10 MeV nucleon−1 is the interaction of trapped protons with residual atmospheric helium.

Published
2002

288. Conceptual development of a new ultraviolet detector

Author

Alexander Rashevsky, Giuseppe Bernacchia, Andrea Vacchi, Alessandro Monfardini, Roberto Stalio, N. Zampa, and V. Bonvicini

Subjects
Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dynamic range, Optical engineering, Detector, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, medicine.disease_cause, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photon counting, Optics, chemistry, Position (vector), medicine, business, Image resolution, Ultraviolet
Abstract

The concept of a new bidimensional photon-counting, MCPbased detector is presented together with estimates of imaging and dynamic range performances. The first results of tests on the position readout system, a silicon drift chamber, are also presented.

Published
1997

289. Two years of flight of the Pamela experiment: Results and perspectives

Author

Petter Hofverberg, L. A. Grishantseva, V. V. Mikhailov, Y. T. Yurkin, Andrea Vacchi, Gianfranca De Rosa, V. Bonvicini, Valeria Di Felice, Piero Spillantini, Nicola de Simone, A. N. Kvashnin, S. A. Voronov, Elena Taddei, V. G. Zverev, E. A. Bogomolov, D. Campana, S. Bottai, M. Ricci, Marco Casolino, R. Carbone, Maria Pia De Pascale, Roberta Sparvoli, L. Marcelli, N. N. Nikonov, Paolo Papini, Massimo Bongi, O. Adriani, M. Minori, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, O. Maksumov, Per Carlson, W. Menn, Daniel Bongue, F. Cafagna, Sergey Koldashov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, E. Mocchiutti, S. Yu. Krutkov, E. Vannuccini, M. Simon, Yuri Stozhkov, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. Castellini, Giancarlo Barbarino, Alexey Leonov, Giuseppe Osteria, A. M. Galper, Gianluigi Zampa, G. I. Vasilyev, Piergiorgio Picozza, A. Bruno, Mirko Boezio, M., Casolino, N. D., Simone, D., Bongue, M. D., Pascale, V., Felice, L., Marcelli, M., Minori, P., Picozza, R., Sparvoli, G., Castellini, O., Adriani, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, S., Bottai, P., Papini, S., Ricciarini, P., Spillantini, E., Taddei, E., Vannuccini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, D., Campana, R., Carbone, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, G., Osteria, M., Boezio, V., Bonvicini, E., Mocchiutti, A., Vacchi, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, M., Ricci, P., Hofverberg, M., Pearce, P., Carlson, E., Bogomolov, S., Krutkov, N., Nikonov, Givasilyev, W., Menn, M., Simon, A., Galper, L., Grishantseva, S., Koldashov, A., Leonov, V., Mikhailov, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, V., Zverev, G., Bazilevskaya, A., Kvashnin, O., Maksumov, and Y., Stozhkov

Subjects
Antimatter, Solar particle events, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Physics, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy, Trapped cosmic rays, Antiproton, Solar particle event, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Satellite
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range (protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antinuclei with a precision of the order of $10^{-8}$). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, $15^{th}$ 2006 in a $350\times 600 km$ orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. In this work we describe the scientific objectives and the performance of PAMELA in its first two years of operation. Data on protons of trapped, secondary and galactic nature - as well as measurements of the December $13^{th}$ 2006 Solar Particle Event - are also provided., Comment: To appear on J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as part of the proceedings of the International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science March, 17-19, 2008 Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

290. The PAMELA experiment: A cosmic ray experiment deep inside the heliosphere

Author

P. Spillantini, R. Sparvoli, A. Bruno, Y. I. Stozhkov, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, Alexey Leonov, V. Di Felice, S. Y. Krutkov, E. Mocchiutti, Giovanni Bonvicini, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, S. Bottai, M. Simon, E. Vannuccini, Sergey Koldashov, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, P. Picozza, V. V. Malakhov, O. Adriani, F. Cafagna, S. A. Voronov, Matteo Martucci, W. Menn, D. Campana, G. Castellini, Yu. T. Yurkin, A. N. Kvashnin, Massimo Bongi, Marco Casolino, M. Merge, A. V. Karelin, E. A. Bogomolov, N. Zampa, Maria Teresa Ricci, G. Osteria, André Monaco, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, A. G. Mayorov, Riccardo Munini, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, C. De Santis, Nicola Mori, G. I. Vasilyev, Mirko Boezio, Boezio, M., Munini, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Settore FIS/01, Solar minimum, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Solar cycle 24, Galaxy, Charged particle, Physics::Space Physics, Particle radiation, Heliosphere
Abstract

It was the 15th of June of 2006 when the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakstan. Then, for nearly ten years, PAMELA has been making high-precision measurements of the charged component of the cosmic radiation opening a new era of precision studies in cosmic rays and challenging our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy and in the heliosphere. The study of the time dependence of the various components of the cosmic radiation from the unusual 23rd solar minimum through the maximum of solar cycle 24 clearly shows solar modulation effects as well as charge sign dependence. PAMELA measurement of the energy spectra during solar energetic particle events fills the existing energy gap between the highest energy particles measured in space and the ground-based domain. Finally, by sampling the particle radiation in different regions of the magnetosphere, PAMELA data provide a detailed study of the Earth~s magnetosphere. In this highlight paper, PAMELA main results as well as recent progress about solar and heliospheric physics with PAMELA will be presented.

291. GrailQuest and HERMES: hunting for gravitational wave electromagnetic counterparts and probing space-time quantum foam

Author

F. Scala, Silvia Piranomonte, Yupeng Xu, Piero Malcovati, Samuel Pliego-Caballero, Angelo Francesco Gambino, Chiara Ferruglio, Fabrizio Fiore, M. Rapisarda, Giovanni Della Casa, G. Zanotti, Andrea Vacchi, Stefano Silvestrini, Lorenzo Amati, Simone Pirrotta, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Alessandro Maselli, András Pál, M. Fiorini, Salvatore Capozziello, D. Milankovich, Mile Karlica, Irina Rashevskaya, A. Anitra, Marco Grassi, Barbara Negri, Filippo Frontera, Margherita Piccinin, Alexander Rashevsky, Daniele Ottolina, Simonetta Puccetti, N. Zampa, Claudio Labanti, A. Guzmán, Borja Lopez Fernandez, Luciano Burderi, E. Demenev, Ugo Lo Cicero, G. Dilillo, C. Guidorzi, Andrea Santangelo, P. Nogara, Giovanni La Rosa, A. Pasquale, Masanori Ohno, Marco Barbera, Roberto Bertaccin, Alessandro Riggio, Norbert Werner, Melania Del Santo, Raffaele Piazzolla, Jakub Ripa, F. Mele, Filippo Ambrosino, Massimo Della Valle, Michele Bechini, Ivan Troisi, J. Prinetto, Tian-Xiang Chen, Marco Feroci, Jiewei Cao, C. Tenzer, Lingjun Wang, M. Citossi, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Lara Nava, Pierluigi Bellutti, David Selcan, Francesco Russo, A. Monge, Pavel Efremov, Silvia Zane, F. Ceraudo, Uros Kostic, Giuseppe Sottile, Andrea Sanna, Fabrizio Ferrandi, M. Perri, A. Gomboc, R. Iaria, G. Sciarrone, Marco Cinelli, Y. Evangelista, Giuseppe Pucacco, Na Gao, Tiziana Di Salvo, M. Gandola, Tomaz Rotovnik, Enrico Costa, Dejan Gacnik, Gábor Galgóczi, Gianluigi Zampa, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Paolo Lunghi, Michele Fiorito, Arianna Manca, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, Andrea Colagrossi, Aurora Clerici, S. Curzel, Alessandro Papitto, Fabrizio Amarilli, E. Virgilli, Gianluca Morgante, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Burderi, Luciano, Di Salvo, Tiziana, Riggio, Alessandro, Gambino, Angelo Francesco, Sanna, Andrea, Fiore, Fabrizio, Amarilli, Fabrizio, Amati, Lorenzo, Ambrosino, Filippo, Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, Anitra, Alessio, Barbera, Marco, Bechini, Michele, Bellutti, Paolo, Bertaccin, Roberto, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Capozziello, Salvatore, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Cinelli, Marco, Citossi, Marco, Clerici, Aurora, Colagrossi, Andrea, Costa, Enrico, Curzel, Serena, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Della Casa, Giovanni, Della Valle, Massimo, Demenev, Evgeny, Del Santo, Melania, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Efremov, Pavel, Evangelista, Yuri, Feroci, Marco, Ferruglio, Chiara, Ferrandi, Fabrizio, Fiorini, Mauro, Fiorito, Michele, Frontera, Filippo, Fuschino, Fabio, Gacnik, Dejan, Galgoczi, Gabor, Gao, Na, Gandola, Massimo, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Gamboc, Andreja, Grassi, Marco, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Guzman, Alejandro, Iaria, Rosario, Karlica, Mile, Kostic, Uro, Labanti, Claudio, La Rosa, Giovanni, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lopez Fernandez, Borja, Lunghi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Maselli, Alessandro, Manca, Arianna, Mele, Filippo, Milankovich, Dorottya, Monge, Angel, Morgante, Gianluca, Nava, Lara, Negri, Barbara, Nogara, Paolo, Ohno, Masanori, Ottolina, Daniele, Pasquale, Andrea, Pal, Andra, Perri, Matteo, Piccinin, Margherita, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Pirrotta, Simone, Pliego-Caballero, Samuel, Prinetto, Jacopo, Pucacco, Giuseppe, Puccetti, Simonetta, Rapisarda, Massimo, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rashevsky, Alexander, Ripa, Jakub, Russo, Francesco, Papitto, Alessandro, Piranomonte, Silvia, Santangelo, Andrea, Scala, Francesca, Sciarrone, Giulia, Selcan, David, Silvestrini, Stefano, Sottile, Giuseppe, Rotovnik, Tomaz, Tenzer, Christoph, Troisi, Ivan, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Werner, Norbert, Wang, Lingjun, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zanotti, Giovanni, ITA, GBR, DEU, ESP, CZE, CHN, SVN, HUN, den Herder J-WA, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Burderi L., Di Salvo T., Sanna A., Fiore F., Riggio A., Gambino A.F., Amarilli F., Amati L., Ambrosino F., Amelino-Camelia G., Anitra A., Barbera M., Bechini M., Bellutti P., Bertacin R., Bertuccio G., Campana R., Cao J., Capozziello S., Ceraudo F., Chen T., Cinelli M., Citossi M., Clerici A., Colagrossi A., Costa E., Curzel S., De Laurentis M., Della Casa G., Demenev E., Del Santo M., Della Valle M., Dilillo G., Efremov P., Evangelista Y., Feroci M., Feruglio C., Ferrandi F., Fiorini M., Fiorito M., Frontera F., Fuschino F., Gacnik D., Galgoczi G., Gao N., Gandola M., Ghirlanda G., Gomboc A., Grassi M., Guidorzi C., Guzman A., Iaria R., Karlica M., Kostic U., Labanti C., La Rosa G., Lo Cicero U., Lopez Fernandez B., Lunghi P., Malcovati P., Maselli A., Manca A., Mele F., Milankovich D., Monge A., Morgante G., Nava L., Negri B., Nogara P., Ohno M., Ottolina D., Pasquale A., Pal A., Perri M., Piccinin M., Piazzolla R., Pirrotta S., Pliego-Caballero S., Prinetto J., Pucacco G., Puccetti S., Rapisarda M., Rashevskaya I., Rashevski A., Ripa J., Russo F., Papitto A., Piranomonte S., Santangelo A., Scala F., Sciarrone G., Selcan D., Silvestrini S., Sottile G., Rotovnik T., Tenzer C., Troisi I., Vacchi A., Virgilli E., Werner N., Wang L., Xu Y., Zampa G., Zampa N., Zane S., and Zanotti G.

Subjects
Physics, CubeSats, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Photon, Gravitational Wave counterparts, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Space time, Quantum gravity, Astronomy, Triangulation (social science), 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, All-sky monitor, Observatory, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Nano-satellites, Temporal triangulation, Gamma-ray burst, Quantum foam, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

GrailQuest (Gamma-ray Astronomy International Laboratory for Quantum Exploration of Space-Time) is an ambitious astrophysical mission concept that uses a fleet of small satellites whose main objective is to search for a dispersion law for light propagation in vacuo. Within Quantum Gravity theories, different models for space-time quantization predict relative discrepancies of the speed of photons w.r.t. the speed of light that depend on the ratio of the photon energy to the Planck energy. This ratio is as small as 10-23 for photons in the γ- ray band (100 keV). Therefore, to detect this effect, light must propagate over enormous distances and the experiment must have extraordinary sensitivity. Gamma-Ray Bursts, occurring at cosmological distances, could be used to detect this tiny signature of space-time granularity. This can be obtained by coherently combine a huge number of small instruments distributed in space to act as a single detector of unprecedented effective area. This is the first example of high-energy distributed astronomy: a new concept of modular observatory of huge overall collecting area consisting in a fleet of small satellites in low orbits, with sub-microsecond time resolution and wide energy band (keV-MeV). The enormous number of collected photons will allow to effectively search these energy dependent delays. Moreover, GrailQuest will allow to perform temporal triangulation of impulsive events with arc-second positional accuracies: an extraordinary sensitive X-ray/Gamma all-sky monitor crucial for hunting the elusive electromagnetic counterparts of Gravitational Waves, that will play a paramount role in the future of Multi-messenger Astronomy. A pathfinder of GrailQuest is already under development through the HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) project: a fleet of six 3U cube-sats to be launched by the end of 2022.

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292. A summary on an investigation of GAGG:Ce afterglow emission in the context of future space applications within the HERMES nanosatellite mission

Author

Gábor Galgóczi, N. Zampa, Enrico Verroi, B. Di Ruzza, Filippo Ambrosino, I. Rashevskaya, Claudio Labanti, A. Vacchi, G. Dilillo, M. Baruzzo, Jakub Ripa, G. Pauletta, Fabrizio Fiore, G. Della Casa, Francesco Tommasino, D. Cirrincione, M. Citossi, Y. Evangelista, D. Cauz, Riccardo Campana, and F. Fuschino

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, Radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Afterglow, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Noise (radio)
Abstract

GAGG:Ce (Cerium-doped Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet) is a promising new scintillator crystal. A wide array of interesting features, such as high light output, fast decay times, almost non-existent intrinsic background and robustness, make GAGG:Ce an interesting candidate as a component of new space-based gamma-ray detectors. As a consequence of its novelty, literature on GAGG:Ce is still lacking on points crucial to its applicability in space missions. In particular, GAGG:Ce is characterized by unusually high and long-lasting delayed luminescence. This afterglow emission can be stimulated by the interactions between the scintillator and the particles of the near-Earth radiation environment. By contributing to the noise, it will impact the detector performance to some degree. In this manuscript we summarize the results of an irradiation campaign of GAGG:Ce crystals with protons, conducted in the framework of the HERMES-TP/SP (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites - Technological and Scientific Pathfinder) mission. A GAGG:Ce sample was irradiated with 70 MeV protons, at doses equivalent to those expected in equatorial and sun-synchronous Low-Earth orbits over orbital periods spanning 6 months to 10 years, time lapses representative of satellite lifetimes. We introduce a new model of GAGG:Ce afterglow emission able to fully capture our observations. Results are applied to the HERMES-TP/SP scenario, aiming at an upper-bound estimate of the detector performance degradation due to the afterglow emission expected from the interaction between the scintillator and the near-Earth radiation environment., 8 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020

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293. Measurement of the isotopic composition of hydrogen and helium nuclei in cosmic rays with the pamela-experiment

Author

Andrea Vacchi, Mirko Boezio, Matteo Martucci, S. Y. Krutkov, F. Cafagna, Y. T. Yurkin, Piero Spillantini, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, D. Campana, M. Bongi, A. G. Mayorov, E. Mocchiutti, Marco Casolino, P. Picozza, F. Palma, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Formato, V. Bonvicini, S. V. Koldashov, Roberto Bellotti, S. A. Voronov, Y. I. Stozhkov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Maria Teresa Ricci, Valentina Scotti, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, S. Bottai, E. A. Bogomolov, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Papini, Roberta Sparvoli, E. Vannuccini, O. Adriani, A. V. Karelin, W. Menn, M. S. Potgieter, C. De Donato, G. Osteria, G. Castellini, M. Simon, V. Di Felice, V. V. Mikhailov, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Riccardo Munini, V. V. Malakhov, N. Zampa, A. M. Galper, Per Carlson, Alfonso Monaco, M. Merge, N. De Simone, A. Leonov, Nicola Mori, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, Etienne Vos, L. Marcelli, and A. Bruno

Subjects
Physics, chemistry, Hydrogen, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Physics::Atomic Physics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Helium, Isotopic composition
Abstract

The cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium (1H,2H,3He,4He) isotopic composition between 100 MeV/n and 1.4 GeV/n has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Ear ...

294. Lithium and beryllium isotopes in the pamela-experiment

Author

S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, P. Picozza, Yu. T. Yurkin, M. Merge, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Spillantini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. V. Karelin, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, M. Simon, M. Bongi, A. Bruno, V. V. Malakhov, Y. I. Stozhkov, Sergey Koldashov, G. I. Vasilyev, Matteo Martucci, Mirko Boezio, André Monaco, N. Zampa, G. Osteria, V. V. Mikhailov, D. Campana, L. Marcelli, Nicola Mori, A. Vacchi, E. Mocchiutti, Roberto Bellotti, A. G. Mayorov, Marco Casolino, S. Bottai, A. M. Galper, Valentina Scotti, Riccardo Munini, C. De Santis, W. Menn, Maria Teresa Ricci, O. Adriani, V. Di Felice, F. Palma, Etienne Vos, Per Carlson, C. De Donato, V. Formato, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, N. De Simone, R. Sparvoli, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Alexey Leonov, Ritabrata Sarkar, M. S. Potgieter, G. Castellini, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, Menn, W., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., and Vos, E. E.

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, chemistry, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental science, Lithium, Isotopes of beryllium
Abstract

On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The scientific objectives addressed by the mission are the measurement of the antiprotons and positrons spectra in cosmic rays, the hunt for antinuclei as well as the determination of light nuclei fluxes from hydrogen to oxygen in a wide energy range and with very high statistics. In this paper the identification capability for lithium and beryllium isotopes for two different techniques are presented, combining the rigidity measurement from the magnetic spectrometer with the velocity information derived either with the time-of-flight or with multiple dE/dx measurements in the calorimeter. Preliminary results of the isotopic ratios will be presented.

295. New measurement of the flux of atmospheric muons

Author

P. Schiavon, P. Spillantini, M. G. Castellano, R. L. Golden, W. Menn, A. Morselli, Jonathan F. Ormes, Ulisse Bravar, Guido Barbiellini, A. Vacchi, P. Picozza, Tom Francke, M. Suffert, Catia Grimani, Roberta Sparvoli, M. Simon, S. A. Stephens, R. E. Streitmatter, S. Piccardi, Marco Casolino, N. Weber, N. Zampa, M. P. De Pascale, Mirko Boezio, Roberto Bellotti, M. Hof, M. Circella, P. Papini, Marco Ricci, P. Carlson, C. De Marzo, F. Cafagna, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, N. Finetti, Heyd, Yvette, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Momentum (technical analysis), Muon, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Range (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atmospheric neutrino, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Spectral line
Abstract

We report a new measurement of the momentum spectra of both positive and negative muons as a function of atmospheric depth in the momentum range 0.3 ‐ 2 and 0.3 40 GeVyc, respectively. The measured flux values have been compared with the spectra obtained from simulations, which were carried out to interpret the atmospheric neutrino data. We find that our data disagree with the results from the simulations. The ratio of the flux of muons derived from simulations to that measured is at largest 1.8 and varies with atmospheric depth and muon momentum. [S0031-9007(99)09347-3]

296. Launch in orbit of the telescope NINA for cosmic ray observations: Preliminary results

Author

S. Bartalucci, S. Piccardi, P. Spillantini, Maria Antonietta Ricci, A. Morselli, Roberto Bellotti, S. A. Voronov, O. Adriani, M. Circella, P. Papini, R. Cirami, N. Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, F. Cafagna, G. Castellini, A. M. Galper, M. Ambriola, V. Bidoli, M. G. Korotkov, Roberta Sparvoli, C. De Marzo, A. Iannucci, Mirko Boezio, P. Picozza, A. Murashov, M. P. De Pascale, Gianluca Furano, V. V. Mikhailov, A. A. Leonov, A. V. Bakaldin, A. Canestro, V. Bonvicini, F. Ciacio, S. Kol-ov, and Marco Casolino

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Telescope, Orbit, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Measuring instrument, SPACE, Satellite, and Optics, Zenith
Abstract

On July the 10th, 1998 the telescope NINA was launched in space on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01 n.4. The scientific task of the mission is the study of the galactic, solar and anomalous components of the cosmic rays in the energy interval 10–200 MeV/n for contained particles. The core of NINA is a segmented silicon detector mounted onto the satellite so to point to the zenith. In this paper we report about the cosmic ray measurements performed by the telescope during its first 6 months of operation.

297. Magnetospheric effects on high-energy solar particles during the 2012 May 17th event measured with the PAMELA experiment

Author

P. Spillantini, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, L. Marcelli, S. Bottai, A. Vacchi, G. Castellini, C. De Santis, V. Di Felice, N. Zampa, S. Y. Krutkov, A. M. Galper, G. I. Vasilyev, E. R. Christian, Ulisse Bravar, G. A. Bazilevskaya, P. Picozza, Matteo Martucci, James M. Ryan, V. Formato, V. V. Malakhov, Riccardo Munini, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. A. Voronov, C. De Donato, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, Ritabrata Sarkar, E. A. Bogomolov, André Monaco, Valentina Scotti, M. Bongi, A. Leonov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Mirko Boezio, Nicola Mori, A. G. Mayorov, M. A. Lee, Y. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, F. Palma, O. Adriani, W. Menn, A. N. Kvashnin, N. Thakur, A. V. Karelin, D. Campana, G. Osteria, M. Merge, N. De Simone, Marco Casolino, S. J. Stochaj, R. Sparvoli, G. A. de Nolfo, M. Simon, Maria Teresa Ricci, V. V. Mikhailov, Per Carlson, E. Mocchiutti, F. Cafagna, S. V. Koldashov, V. Bonvicini, A. Bruno, Y. I. Stozhkov, Martucci, M., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Bravar, U., Bruno, A., Christian, E. R., De Nolfo, G. A., Lee, M., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, R., Ricci, M., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Thakur, N., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Acceleration, High energy, Multidisciplinary, Solar energetic particles, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Particle, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

The great challenge in constraining scenarios for solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration is due to the fact that the signatures of acceleration itself are heavily modified by transport within interplanetary space. During transport, SEPs are subject to pitch angle scattering by the turbulent magnetic field, adiabatic focusing, or reflecting magnetic structures. Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) provide an ideal way to study acceleration with minimal transport. In this work, we present a unique high-energy SEP observation from PAMELA of the 2012 May 17 GLE and interpret the observed pitch angle distributions as a result of local scattering (1 AU) by the Earth's magnetosheath.

298. Measurement of the positron to electron ratio in the cosmic rays above 5 GeV

Author

R. E. Streitmatter, G. Basini, S. A. Stephens, Marco Casolino, Mirko Boezio, P. Schiavon, N. Zampa, Ulisse Bravar, G. de Cataldo, R. Sparvoli, Guido Barbiellini, M. Circella, Steven Stochaj, P. Papini, P. Picozza, Mauro Menichelli, Marco Ricci, M. Candusso, P. Spillantini, V. Bidoli, C. De Marzo, A. Rain, S. Piccardi, A. Morselli, M. Bocciolini, M. Hof, M. P. De Pascale, N. Giglietto, B. Marangelli, M. G. Castellano, W. Menn, R. L. Golden, N. Finetti, A. Vacchi, Catia Grimani, Roberto Bellotti, John Mitchell, F. Cafagna, P. Spinelli, F. Massimo Brancaccio, Antonio Codino, F. Fratnik, Jonathan F. Ormes, M. Simon, Maria Teresa Brunetti, A. Colavita, A. Perego, and F. Aversa

Subjects
Physics, Proton, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic rays, Elementary particles, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Positron, Space and Planetary Science, Antimatter, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

As part of a series of experiments to search for antimatter in cosmic rays, the New Mexico State University balloon-borne magnet spectrometer was configured for a flight to study positrons. Two completely new instruments, a transition radiation detector and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter, were added to the magnet spectrometer. These two detectors provided a proton rejection factor better than 3 × 104. This instrument was flown from Fort Sumner, New Mexico, at an average depth of 4.5 g cm-2 of residual atmosphere for a period of 25 hr. We report here the measured fraction of positrons e+/(e+ + e-) from ~5 to 60 GeV at the top of the atmosphere. Our measurements do not show any compelling evidence for an increase in this ratio with energy, and our results are consistent with a constant fraction of 0.078 ± 0.016 over the entire energy region.

299. Measurement of the flux of atmospheric muons with the CAPRICE94 apparatus

Author

Roberta Sparvoli, P. Schiavon, J. F. Ormes, R. L. Golden, M. Simon, N. Finetti, F. Cafagna, N. Zampa, M. Suffert, P. Spillantini, M. Circella, Steven Stochaj, S. A. Stephens, P. Papini, P. Carlson, M. P. De Pascale, Roberto Bellotti, S. Piccardi, A. Vacchi, Catia Grimani, W. Menn, R. E. Streitmatter, C. De Marzo, Marco Ricci, John Mitchell, Mirko Boezio, Marco Casolino, Guido Barbiellini, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, A. Morselli, N. Weber, Tom Francke, and M. Hof

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, HELIUM SPECTRA, Spectral line, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Flux (metallurgy), RATIO, SPECTROMETER, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics, Muon, PERFORMANCE, RICH DETECTOR, COSMIC-RAY PROTON, Cover (topology), NEUTRINO FLUXES, GROUND-LEVEL, SEA-LEVEL, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atmospheric neutrino, Anomaly (physics)
Abstract

A new measurement of the momentum spectra of both positive and negative muons as function of atmospheric depth was made by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE94. The data were collected during ground runs in Lynn Lake on the 19-20th of July 1994 and during the balloon flight on the 8-9th of August 1994. We present results that cover the momentum intervals 0.3-40 GeV/c for negative muons and 0.3-2 GeV/c for positive muons, for atmospheric depths from 3.3 to 1000 g/cm**2, respectively. Good agreement is found with previous measurements for high momenta, while at momenta below 1 GeV/c we find latitude dependent geomagnetic effects. These measurements are important cross-checks for the simulations carried out to calculate the atmospheric neutrino fluxes and to understand the observed atmospheric neutrino anomaly., Comment: 28 pages, 13 Postscript figures, uses revtex.sty, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

300. Solar energetic particle events: Trajectory analysis and flux reconstruction with PAMELA

Author

N. Zampa, S. Bottai, S. Y. Krutkov, Giancarlo Barbarino, S. A. Voronov, W. Menn, F. Palma, Alexey Leonov, A. V. Karelin, Paolo Papini, M. Merge, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Scotti, James M. Ryan, M. A. Lee, Sergey Koldobskiy, E. Vannuccini, E. A. Bogomolov, Valerio Formato, Michal Simon, A. G. Mayorov, O. Adriani, R. Munini, N. De Simone, S. B. Ricciarini, Mirko Boezio, Roberta Sparvoli, G. A. de Nolfo, U. Bravar, L. Marcelli, Massimo Bongi, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Malakhov, G. Castellini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, Yuri Stozhkov, V. Bonvicini, Yu. T. Yurkin, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, Steven Stochaj, Andrea Vacchi, Per Carlson, F. Cafagna, P. Picozza, A. Bruno, Marco Ricci, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, E. C. Christian, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Di Felice, C. De Donato, Piero Spillantini, Alfonso Monaco, G. Vasilyev, M. Martucci, V. G. Zverev, G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, Marco Casolino, C. De Santis, Sergey Koldashov, R. Carbone, B. Panico, Gianluigi Zampa, Bruno, A., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bravar, U., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Christian, E. C., De Donato, C., De Nolfo, G. A., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Lee, M., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Ryan, J. M., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stochaj, S., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zverev, V. G.

Subjects
Physics, Bridging (networking), Multidisciplinary, Solar energetic particles, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Space (mathematics), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Computational physics, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Particle, Satellite, Trajectory analysis, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing first direct measurements of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies from about 80 MeV to several GeV in near-Earth space, bridging the low energy data by other space-based instruments and the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) data by the worldwide network of neutron monitors. Its unique observational capabilities include the possibility of measuring the flux angular distribution and thus investigating possible anisotropies. This work reports the analysis methods developed to estimate the SEP energy spectra as a function of the particle pitch-angle with respect to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction. The crucial ingredient is provided by an accurate simulation of the asymptotic exposition of the PAMELA apparatus, based on a realistic reconstruction of particle trajectories in the Earth's magnetosphere. As case study, the results for the May 17, 2012 event are presented., Comment: Conference: The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015), 30 July - 6 August, 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands, Volume: PoS(ICRC2015)085

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