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The fistula risk score (FRS) has been developed to predict clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). This study aimed to validate its applicability in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy at a tertiary care teaching centre in northern India. Historical records of 105 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy between January 2010 and December 2017 were reviewed. The FRS was calculated for each patient based on operative records. Various outcome parameters, including POPF, were evaluated across four discrete risk zones. The performance of the model was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve. Based on FRS, patients were grouped into 4 risk zones: Group A (negligible risk, score 0): 4 patients (3.8%); Group B (low risk, score 1–2): 35 patients (33.3%); Group C (moderate risk, score 3–6): 54 patients (51.4%), and Group D (high risk, score 7–10): 12 patients (11.4%). Overall incidence of CR-POPF was 15.2%. The incidence of CR-POPF in negligible, low, moderate, and high-risk patients was 0%, 8.5%, 14.8%, and 41.6%, respectively (p = 0.003). Increasing FRS correlated well with the CR-POPF development on univariate (p < 0.03) and multivariate (p < 0.04) analysis. Upon assessing the model performance for fistula risk zones using area under the receiver operating curve, an overall result of 0.80 (95 CI 0.71–0.87) was obtained, indicating good ability of the FRS to predict the development of CR-POPF. This single institutional experience validates FRS as a good and reliable tool for predicting the development of CR-POPF after pancreatoduodenectomy. This study affirms its universal applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydrocortisone showed an important role in reversal of shock when added to standard therapy in managing septic shock. Hyperglycemia is one of the most common side effects associated with corticosteroid treatment. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of hyperglycemia of intermittent hydrocortisone boluses versus continuous infusion in septic shock patients. Settings and Design: This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty patients with septic shock and who received noradrenaline were enrolled in this randomized study. Group 1 was intermittent bolus hydrocortisone group (n = 70) and Group 2 was continuous infusion group (n = 70). All patients who were admitted with septic shock and who received noradrenaline and hydrocortisone were included in the study. Those patients who had exceeded 200 mg per day of hydrocortisone were excluded from the study. The primary outcome of the study was mean blood glucose. Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative variables were compared between the two groups with the Chi-square of the Fisher's exact test and continuous variables were compared using the Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Out of 112 patients, 54 patients received hydrocortisone as intermittent boluses (48.2%), and 58 patients (51.8%) received continuous infusion. For the primary outcome, no statistically or clinically significant difference was found in the blood glucose estimated marginal mean: 154.44 mg.dL−1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 144.18–166.88) in the bolus group and 160.2 mg.dL−1 (95% CI: 143.82–176.76) in the infusion group with a mean difference of 05.76 mg.dL−1 (95% CI: −13.86–25.38). For the secondary outcomes of the study, no difference was found between the two groups in hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic events, mortality, length of stay in intensive care unit, and reversal of shock. Conclusions: The risk of hyperglycemia is almost equal in both intermittent and continuous infusions of hydrocortisone in septic shock patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article has developed a novel composite material using natural fiber and PAN fiber. The study aims to remove harmful materials from the composites on the market these days. Asbestos and aramid fiber has good properties and is used in those composites where good mechanical properties are needed. However, using these materials causes many environmental issues and harms humans and other animals. There are very rare studies of PAN and natural fiber based hybrid composites. So Grewia optiva, which has good mechanical properties, and PAN fiber, which has good tribological properties, has been used to develop composites. The percentages of both materials were taken (4–16 wt%) with other ingredients such as phenolic resin, G. optiva fiber, PAN fiber/Kevlar, and lapinus ceramic, potassium barium, titan, mica, and ceramic. The developed composites have shown physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are commonly used to resist lateral forces in the structures located in high-seismic regions. Steel braces of SCBFs are expected to undergo large inelastic axial deformations in order to provide an adequate level of structural ductility and hysteretic energy dissipation under cyclic loading. The energy dissipation capacity and ductility of SCBFs largely depend on the slenderness ratio and width-to-thickness ratio of braces. The main objective of this study is to find an optimum range of these parameters for braces of hollow circular steel (HCS) sections in order to achieve the enhanced seismic performance of SCBFs. A finite element (FE) study has been conducted on a wide range of values of these parameters using a software package ABAQUS. The FE models account for the inelastic hysteretic characteristics and the fracture behaviour of braces. The results of simulation models matched very well with the past experimental results with respect to the performance points, namely, global buckling, local buckling, fracture initiation, and complete fracture. Finally, a relationship has been established between the slenderness ratio and the width-to-thickness of HCS braces based on the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis are highly effective, however most of these vaccines are expensive and still out of reach in the developing world as well as the technical know-how and the set-up required for the consistent production of pure polysaccharide is limited. Our laboratory has developed rapid, efficient and scalable processes for the downstream purification of N. meningitidis serogroup A (MenA) and serogroup C (MenC) capsular polysaccharides (PS). The MenC-PS was purified with a novel 2-step procedure including de- O -acetylation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography whereas, MenA-PS was purified using a rapid method as compared to the prior art. The purified PSs were analyzed by various analytical tests including nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular weight, composition and purity analyses to meet desired specifications. Our results provide a proof of principle for the purification of MenA-PS and MenC-PS with reduced timelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports detailed structural and electrical studies on A-site substituted La x Gd 1-x InO 3 (0.0 ≤x ≤ 1.0) system with structurally different end members in search for tailored lead-free relaxors. The motivation is the possibility to manipulate the crystal structure to maneuver electrical properties in hexagonal GdInO 3 , a candidate for geometric ferroelectricity. The hybrid synthesis protocol involving gel-combustion led to stabilisation of metastable polymorphs in some nominal compositions due to kinetic stabilisation. Non-preference of La3+ for 7- fold coordinated A-site in hexagonal structure manifested in wide-ranging orthorhombic phase field prevailing even in Gd3+-rich region, also supported by theoretical studies. P-E studies on Gd3+-rich compositions exhibited hysteresis loop which suddenly became narrow for the nominal composition La 0.4 Gd 0.6 InO 3 with very low remanent polarisation. This along with broad maximum exhibited in plot of dielectric constant vs temperature that shifts to higher T upon increasing frequency, for La 0.4 Gd 0.6 InO 3 , supports presence of relaxor-type behavior. Signature of hexagonal-type vibrations in otherwise bulk orthorhombic (by XRD) La 0.4 Gd 0.6 InO 3 and anomalous trend in La/Gd vibrational mode along with narrowing down of Raman modes have been cited as plausible structural reasons for the relaxor behaviour. This has significance in context of structure-electrical property relationship leading to development of potential lead-free relaxors. [Display omitted] • Detailed phase evolution in GdInO 3 (P6 3 cm)- LaInO 3 (Pnma) with composition and T. • C-type metastable phases observed by synthesis route endowed kinetic stabilisation. • Non-preference of La3+ for 7-fold capped octahedra yields wide orthorhombic field. • Extremely low field independent leakage current (4 × 10−5 μA/mm2) observed for GdInO 3. • New lead-free relaxor by A-site distortion by 40 mol%La3+ substitution in h-GdInO 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the paper Study of effect of Gd substitution at the Fe site on structural, dielectric and electrical characteristics of BiFeO3 by L. Thansanga et al. (Appl. Phys. Further investigation has found that: The authenticity of the structural data in Table 1 could not be verified; The diffraction data set appears to be incomplete; The chemical formula used by authors, BiFe0.85Gd0.15O3, appears to be incorrect. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Purpose: Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is localized to sensory C‐fibres and its opening leads to membrane depolarization, resulting in neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammation. However, the identity of the endogenous activator of TRPV1 in this setting is unknown. The arachidonic acid metabolites 12‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoyl acid (12‐HpETE) and 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE) have emerged as potential endogenous activators of TRPV1. However, whether these lipids underlie TRPV1‐mediated neurogenic inflammation remains unknown. Experimental Approach We analysed human cantharidin‐induced blister samples and inflammatory responses in TRPV1 transgenic mice. Key Results: In a human cantharidin‐blister model, the potent TRPV1 activators 20‐HETE but not 12‐HETE (stable metabolite of 12‐HpETE) correlated with arachidonic acid levels. Similarly, in mice, levels of 20‐HETE (but not 12‐HETE) and arachidonic acid were strongly positively correlated within the inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, LPS‐induced oedema formation and neutrophil recruitment were substantially and significantly attenuated by pharmacological block or genetic deletion of TRPV1 channels, inhibition of 20‐HETE formation or SP receptor neurokinin 1 (NK1) blockade. LPS treatment also increased cytochrome P450 ω‐hydroxylase gene expression, the enzyme responsible for 20‐HETE production. Conclusion and Implications: Taken together, our findings suggest that endogenously generated 20‐HETE activates TRPV1 causing C‐fibre activation and consequent oedema formation. These findings identify a novel pathway that may be useful in the therapeutics of diseases/conditions characterized by a prominent neurogenic inflammation, as in several skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea (L) Czern & Coss) is naturally indeterminate. Plants with determinate inflorescence were first discovered in the self progenies of B. juncea (AABB; 2n = 36), resynthesized by combining A-genome from B. napus (AACC; 2n = 38) and B-genome from B. carinata (BBCC; 2n = 34). In the determinate plants, apical meristems were transformed into pods. In contrast, the inflorescence in the indeterminate plants continues to grow indefinitely while producing peripheral flowers. Genotyping and morphological characterization of newly developed determinate gene pool (A) showed a rapid emergence and progression of genetic and phenotypic alterations which continued even after seven generations of selfing. A large number of determinate genotypes (125) were evaluated to establish agronomic potential of determinate B. juncea. A high proportion of determinate genotypes outperformed the best indeterminate checks, suggesting that critical productivity related traits like pod number, seed size and oil content were not a function of indeterminacy. As the gene for determinacy has also been introgressed in B. napus and B. carinata, the stage is now set for future breeding to aim at crop architectural modifications through determinacy in all three types of oilseed Brassicas grown in the world. Our studies emphasized the role of polyploidy as a major force of differentiation at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Although, there was no direct correlation between evolution of genetic and phenotypic diversities following polyploidization. We suggest the use of polyploidy as a plant breeding tool to benefit from de novo variation rather than restricting its use as a method to overcome sterility following wide hybridization alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and study aims: There is currently no objective and validated methodology available to assess the progress of endoscopy trainees or to determine when technical competence has been achieved. The aims of the current study were to develop an endoscopic part-task simulator and to assess scoring system validity. Methods: Fundamental endoscopic skills were determined via kinematic analysis, literature review, and expert interviews. Simulator prototypes and scoring systems were developed to reflect these skills. Validity evidence for content, internal structure, and response process was evaluated. Results: The final training box consisted of five modules (knob control, torque, retroflexion, polypectomy, and navigation and loop reduction). A total of 5 minutes were permitted per module with extra points for early completion. Content validity index (CVI)-realism was 0.88, CVI-relevance was 1.00, and CVI-representativeness was 0.88, giving a composite CVI of 0.92. Overall, 82% of participants considered the simulator to be capable of differentiating between ability levels, and 93% thought the simulator should be used to assess ability prior to performing procedures in patients. Inter-item assessment revealed correlations from 0.67 to 0.93, suggesting that tasks were sufficiently correlated to assess the same underlying construct, with each task remaining independent. Each module represented 16.0%- 26.1% of the total score, suggesting that no module contributed disproportionately to the composite score. Average box scores were 272.6 and 284.4 (P=0.94) when performed sequentially, and average score for all participants with proctor 1 was 297.6 and 308.1 with proctor 2 (P=0.94), suggesting reproducibility and minimal error associated with test administration. Conclusion: A part-task training box and scoring system were developed to assess fundamental endoscopic skills, and validity evidence regarding content, internal structure, and response process was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Premise of the study: Brassica juncea is a major source of edible oil in the Indian subcontinent and northern China. It is also used as a root and leaf vegetable in China and as a condiment in Europe and America. There is a long-standing view that B. juncea originated from multiple hybridization events between B. rapa and B. nigra and that hybridizations were always unidirectional with B. rapa as the cytoplasmic donor. These conclusions were, however, centered primarily on nuclear markers. * Methods: Two hundred forty-six accessions of B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. nigra were genotyped using chloroplast and nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. * Key results: A structure analysis assigned B. juncea germplasm (122) into three major groups based on plasmotype variation. The bulk of Indian B. juncea genotypes were grouped along with Chinese and Australian accessions. This plasmotype was absent in sampled accessions of B. rapa (97), B. nigra (27), and other wild crucifers (10). The second group of B. juncea included East European genotypes and four accessions from India. It showed unambiguous homology with the predominant B. nigra plasmotype. The neighbor joining tree produced seven subgroups, arranged into two broad lineages. The first lineage included Indian, Australian, and Chinese B. juncea genotypes; it was associated with wild species belonging to the "rapa" lineage. Nuclear SSR marker-based analyses were largely supportive of results from chloroplast SSR analyses. * Conclusions: Based on these results, we provide the first report that B. juncea originated several times with both B. rapa and B. nigra as cytoplasmic donors in separate hybridization events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with acute brain injury presents are unique subset of neurocritical care patients with its long-term functional prognosis difficult to determine. They often have long intensive care unit (ICU) stay and presents as challenge to decide when to transfer out of ICU. This prospective study aims to assess the benefits of early tracheostomy in terms of ICU-length of stay (ICU-LOS), number of days on ventilator (ventilator days), incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and mortality rates. Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical clearance, 80 patients were randomized into two groups: Group A, early tracheostomy group (tracheostomy within 3 days of intubation) and Group B, standard of care group (tracheostomy after 10 days of intubation: late tracheostomy). A cutoff of 10 in the SET score was used in predicting need of early tracheostomy; both groups were compared with respect to ICU-LOS, number of ventilator days (ventilation time), need of analgesia and sedation, incidence of VAP, and mortality data. Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic profile and various disease severity scores. ICU-LOS was 14.9 ± 3.6 days in Group A and 17.2 ± 4.6 in Group B. The number of days on ventilator and incidence of VAP was significantly lower in Group A as compared to Group B. There was significantly lower mortality in Group A subset of patients in ICU. Conclusion: SET score is a simple and reliable score with fair accuracy and high sensitivity and specificity in predicting need of tracheostomy in neurocritical patients. A cutoff of 10 in the score can be reliably used in predicting need of early tracheostomy as in few other studies. Early tracheostomy is clearly advantageous in neurocritical patients, but has no advantage in terms of long-term mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic fibers are utilized these days in many applications because of their great mechanical properties. Organic fibers have replaced the synthetic fibers in various places. Previous research articles have told the potential of natural fiber reinforcement as a brake friction material, but there are very few research articles of comparative study of standard brake friction materials and natural fibers. So in this research paper, a unique Sabai grass fiber was used as a brake friction material to develop new samples of brake pads and compare with standard Kevlar‐based composites. The brake pads were formed by utilizing the different percentages of Kevlar fiber (standard material) (5%–10%) and Sabai grass fibers (5%–20%) in the hydraulic brake producing machine. The fundamental point of this investigation is to track down the substitute of asbestos and Kevlar in brake material. The outcomes of physico‐mechanical properties revealed that percentage of porosity, percentage of water retention, percentage of compressibility increments as augmentation the level of Sabai grass fiber and Kevlar fiber in the polymer composite while Ash, hardness and density diminishes with increment level of Sabai grass fiber and Kevlar fiber in the composite. The Sabai grass based composites with 5 wt% have shown improved outcomes for (μ) coefficient of friction, % fade and for wear among all organic fiber composites while the results in terms of wear and recovery were seen to increment with increment level of Sabai grass fiber. In relative examination it has been determined that Kevlar based Brake pad specimen showed minimal better outcomes in % fade, (μ) coefficient of friction and wear than that of Sabai grass fiber composites. The mechanical properties of sabai grass fiber and Kevlar‐based composites have shown nearby results. The wear rate and thermal stability were verified most elevated for 20% Sabai grass composites and 10% Kevlar mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquisolid technique is an emerging technology of formulation development. In the present work, a modified-release formulation of gliclazide was developed by using the liquisolid technique. Gliclazide was dispersed in a nonvolatile solvents system of Tween 80 and propylene glycol, followed by adsorbing the liquid medication on carrier material MCC pH 102. Drug release rate controlling polymer HPMC was wet granulated with binder solution along with diluent. The two blends of API liquisolid and polymer mixture were blended uniformly with extra granular excipients to manufacture gliclazide modified release tablets 30 mg. Characterization of gliclazide liquisolid tablets was done using analytical techniques, i.e., FTIR and XRD. The optimization of the formulation was done by using mixture design where the amount of propylene glycol, Tween 80, DCP (anhydrous), HPMC K4M and HPMC K100 LVCR were considered to be the independent formulation variables. The dissolution and hardness were considered as dependent variables. The formulations were evaluated for dissolution, assay, hardness, thickness and other vital properties. The liquisolid formulation showed a zero-order release pattern and matched with the innovator (Diamicron MR 30 mg). The modified release tablets showed good stability at 40 °C / 75% RH for three months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and study aims: In endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), effective countertraction may overcome the current drawbacks of longer procedure times and increased technical demands. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ESD using a novel magnetic countertraction device with that of the traditional technique. Methods: Each ESD was performed on simulated gastric lesions of 30mm diameter created at five different locations. In total, 10 ESDs were performed using this novel device and 10 were performed by the standard technique. Results: The magnetic countertraction device allowed directional tissue manipulation and exposure of the submucosal space. The total procedure time was 605 ± 303.7 seconds in the countertraction group vs. 1082 ± 515.9 seconds in the control group (P=0.021). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using a novel magnetic countertraction device during ESD is technically feasible and enables the operator to dynamically manipulate countertraction such that the submucosal layer is visualized directly. Use of this device significantly reduced procedure time compared with conventional ESD techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied a computer simulations of the surface structure and chemical composition in NiAl for three low index surface orientations and three bulk compositions. We have applied a grand canonical Monte Carlo method in conjuction with a embedded atom potential fit to a large database. We found that the chemical composition of the (110) surface is very close to the bulk composition. For the (100) and (111) surface orientations, the Al termination contains some percentage of Ni atoms in the form of antisites and for the (111) orientation also a significant amount of surface vacancies and adatoms exist. The Ni termination of both surfaces are unstable and transform to Al terminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The antifertility effect of ampicillin (AMP, 40 mg/kg) and sulphasalazine or salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP, 300,450 and 600 mg/kg) in male rats has been reported earlier. The combination of AMP and SASP is generally used in certain pathological conditions, but the combined effect of these two drugs on the fertility is not clear. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the antifertility effect of ampicillin and sulphasalazine combination in male rats. Methods: In the present study, forty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8). Group I served as the control, while Group II and III received AMP and SASP at the doses of 20 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively. Moreover, group IV and V received the combination of SASP (100 mg/kg) and AMP (10 mg/kg). However, for evaluating the reversible effect of the combination, a washout period of 30 days was given in group V. After 45 days of drug treatment, each rat was sacrificed. The testes, seminal vesicles and epididymis were dissected & weighed. Furthermore, fertility tests, sperm characteristic analysis, histopathological studies, testosterone assay and tissue biochemistry were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and in case ANOVA shows statistical differences, post hoc analysis was performed. Results: A decrease in parameters related to fertility of males such as sperm count, sperm motility, fertility ratio, serum testosterone level, glycogen and protein content in sexual organs was observed. Although AMP and SASP significantly (p<0.001) reduced the reproductive activity separately, but their combination was found to be impairing the reproductive activity at a considerably lower dose. However, on withdrawing the treatment, all these parameters were restored which was confirmed by the histopathological analysis of the testis. Conclusion: The combination produces synergistic antifertility effect in male rats and the effect was reversible. The dose and efficacy of results could be extrapolated in future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: In view of the potential pharmacophoric nature of imidazole nucleus, two series of imidazole derivatives, 2,4‑disubstituted‑1 H‑imidazoles (2a‑m) and 1,2,4‑trisubstituted‑1 H‑imidazoles (3a‑m), were synthesized with an aim of obtaining dual acting compounds i.e., anti‑inflammatory and antifungal agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The title compounds were synthesized from 4‑methoxyphenyl glyoxal (1) following multistep synthesis, and their structures were established on the basis of modern analytical techniques (IR, NMR and MS). The synthesized imidazoles were tested for their in vivo anti‑inflammatory activity. In addition to that, some compounds were also evaluated for their analgesic and ulcerogenic effects. The compounds were also evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity. RESULTS: Di‑ and tri‑substituted imidazole derivatives (2a‑m and 3a‑m) were successfully synthesized. In in vivo anti‑inflammatory test, six compounds (2 h, 2 l, 3 g, 3 h, 3 l and 3 m) exhibited good anti‑inflammatory activity (49.58 to 58.02% inhibition) with minimal GI irritation (severity index; 0.17 to 0.34). These compounds were also tested for their analgesic activity and showed appreciable protection (40.53 to 49.60% protection) against saline‑induced writhing test. Indomethacin was used as standard drug for comparison. In antifungal test, two compounds (3 h and 3 l) displayed appreciable antifungal activity (MIC; 12.5 μg mL‑1) against the fungal strains tested. CONCLUSION: Two compounds, 2‑(4‑nitrophenyl)‑4‑(4‑methoxyphenyl)‑1‑phenyl‑1H‑imidazole (3 h) and 2,4‑di‑(4‑methoxyphenyl)‑1‑phenyl‑1H‑imidazole (3 l), emerged as lead compounds having dual biological activities; good anti‑inflammatory as well as antifungal effect with lesser GI irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: It was aimed to synthesise some novel thiazolidinone derivatives and assess them for antidiabetic activity. Material and Methods: A series of substituted 5-ethylidene- 2-(phenylimino) thiazolidin-4-ones were prepared by using phenylthiourea (I) as a starting material. Phenylthiourea on reaction with ethylchloroacetate, in the presence of ethanol and fused sodium acetate, gave 2-(phenylimino) thiazolidin-4-one (II), and 2-(phenylimino) thiazolidin-4-one on further reaction with substituted benzaldehyde gave substituted 5-ethylidene-2- (phenylimino) thiazolidin-4-one (III - XVIII). The synthesized compounds were authenticated on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral analysis and some of the compounds were selected on the basis of a literature review, to evaluate them for their antidiabetic activity. Results and Conclusion: All The tested compounds 5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino) thiazolidin-4-on (VII) and 5-(4-Methylbenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one (X), 5-(2, 4-dinitrobenzylidene)-2-(phenylamino) thiazolidin-4-one (XVII) were found to be ineffective in lowering the blood glucose level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied a computer simulations of the surface structure and chemical composition in NiAl for three low index surface orientations and three bulk compositions. We have applied a grand canonical Monte Carlo method in conjuction with a embedded atom potential fit to a large database. We found that the chemical composition of the (110) surface is very close to the bulk composition. For the (100) and (111) surface orientations, the Al termination contains some percentage of Ni atoms in the form of antisites and for the (111) orientation also a significant amount of surface vacancies and adatoms exist. The Ni termination of both surfaces are unstable and transform to Al terminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the numerical simulation of a double-beam magnetron injection gun (DB-MIG) and beam-wave interaction for 60GHz, 500kW gyrotron. The beam-wave interaction calculations, power and frequency growth estimation are performed by using PIC code MAGIC. The maximum output power of 510kW at 41.5% efficiency, beam currents of 6A and 12A, electron beam velocity ratios of 1.41 and 1.25 and beam voltage of 69kV are estimated. To obtain the design parameters, the DB-MIG with maximum transverse velocity spread less than 5% is designed. The computer simulations are performed by using the commercially available code EGUN and the in-house developed code MIGANS. The simulated results of DB-MIG design obtained by using the EGUN code are also validated with another trajectory code TRAK, which are in good agreement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A triode magnetron injection gun (MIG) is designed for a 1-MW 170-GHz gyrotron, which will be used in an electron cyclotron resonance heating system for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. The initial design of MIG is performed by using the in-house code MIGSYN. For the electron-beam emission and propagation, the 2-D code EGUN is implemented. The transverse-to-axial velocity ratio \alpha is 1.37, and the transverse velocity spread less than 4% is realized. The results are also validated against two other 2-D and 3-D codes, i.e., TRAK and CST-Particle Studio, respectively, which are in close agreement. From the fabrication and operation point of view, the parametric analysis and misalignment study of electron beam are also performed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a large sized diamond window for 1MW, 170GHz gyrotron. The diameter and the thickness of the diamond window are 80mm and 1.482mm, respectively, whose edge is directly cooled by water. The CST microwave studio has been used for the S-parameter, and finite element analysis code ANSYS has been used for the thermal and the structural simulation. The return loss (S 11) and insertion loss (S 21) of the 170GHz gyrotron window have been found −39.80dB and −0.011dB, respectively. The thermal and structural analysis of RF window the 397K temperature at disk center and maximum displacement 0.01mm has been found in the window disk during the thermal analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The cell membrane folate receptor is a potential molecular target for tumor selective drug delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis, including delivery of radiolabeled folate-chelate conjugates for diagnostic imaging. Method: A new radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-1,4,7-tris (carboxymethyl)-10-(4-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A-EA)-Folate has been synthesized introducing DO3A-EA to the γ-carboxyl group of folic acid and was characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity was determined by macrocolony and MTT assay on three different cell lines. Cell uptake studies and receptor binding assay were performed using 99mTc-DO3A-EA-Folate. Tumor imaging was performed in KB cell line implanted tumor bearing nude mice, and uptake of the radiotracer was estimated. Results: The synthesized conjugate binds with 99mTc at high efficiency at ambient temperature. The resulting conjugate is stable under physiological conditions for 24 h after radiocomplexation. Using an in vitro receptor binding assay, the conjugate showed Kd in μM range on human tumor cell lines (KB, U-87MG and OAW). The pharmacokinetic data revealed rapid wash out of the more than 75% activity within 5 min from the circulation with hepato-biliary clearance. Data from γ scintigraphic and biodistribution studies performed in KB tumor bearing nude mice revealed major accumulation of radiotracer at tumor site. High tumor uptake was shown in the tumor bearing mice; tumor to blood ratios reached 2.27 ± 0.32 and 6.05 ± 1.02 at 1 and 4 h after post injection, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that 99mTc-DO3A-EA-Folate may be clinically useful as a noninvasive radiodiagnostic imaging agent for the detection of FR-positive human cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of pyridazinone derivatives ( 19-34) were synthesized with an aim to synthesize safer anti-inflammatory agents. The compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation (LPO) actions. The percentage inhibition in edema at different time intervals indicated that compounds 20, 26, 28 and 34 exhibited good anti-inflammatory potential, comparable with that of ibuprofen (85.77%) within a range of 67.48-77.23%. The results illustrate that 5-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-pyridazinone ( 26) and 5-(4-chloro-benzyl)-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-pyridazinone ( 20) showed best anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, activity is more in case of chloro substitution as compared with methyl-substitution. The compounds synthesized were also evaluated for their ulcerogenic and LPO action and showed superior gastrointestinal safety profile along with reduction in LPO as compared with that of the ibuprofen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcone is an aromatic ketone which forms the central core for a variety of important biological activity. Chalcone are also known as benzalacetophenone and phenyl styryl ketone. They are also the intermediates in the Auwer's synthesis of flavanoids and in the biosynthesis of flavanoids. Chalcone can be synthesized by various method but the two most important methods are Aldol condensation method and Claisen Schmidt method. Some of the derivatives of the chalcone are used as the drug, sunscreen and sweetners. Its main function reegulates the blood pressure, prevents cancer, strengthens immunity, prevents osteoporosis etc. The substitution of specific functionalities present in the moiety properties like lipophilicity and hydrogen bonding characteristics gave good activity of the compound and is associated with optimization of these properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report herein synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a series of N,N-dibenzyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives. In order to study the structure–activity relationship of substituted dibenzyl-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives, 44 structurally diverse compounds were synthesized and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among them, compounds 17-20, 26, 37, 38 were found to be more active than tetracycline with MIC value ranging 0.0005–0.032 μg/mL and no hemolysis upto 1024 μg/mL in mammalian erythrocytes was observed. Some of the compounds have also shown very promising antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Geotrichum candidium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A commercially available electromagnetic simulator - MAGIC, a particle-in-cell (PIC) code - has been used to carry out a comparative study of the beam-wave interaction under uniform and tapered magnetic field profiles of a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron. The magnetic field profile across the resonant cavity varies by ±6.5% with a peak value of 1.615 T. The MAGIC simulation shows the desire performance of the gyrotron under both magnetic field conditions with an operating mode TE03 and a pitch factor of 1.26. The analysis of the simulated results show that stability in the power growth was reached more quickly and achieved higher output power in the case of a tapered magnetic field. Le simulateur électromagnétique MAGIC commercialement disponible est un code source de type PIC que nous avons utilisé pour faire une étude comparée de l'interaction faisceau-onde sous champ magnétique uniforme et décroissant d'un gyrotron de 200 kW et 42 GHz. Le profil du champ magnétique dans la cavité résonante varie de ±6.5% avec une valeur pic de 1.615 T. La simulation MAGIC montre la performance désirée du gyrotron sous les deux configurations magnétiques avec un mode TE03 d'utilisation et un coefficient de variation de 1.26. L'analyse des simulations montre que la stabilité de la montée en puissance est atteinte plus rapidement avec un profil de champ magnétique décroissant, qui permet aussi une plus grande puissance de sortie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A triode-type magnetron injection gun (MIG) for a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron was designed by two commercial codes: EGUN and TRAK. An in-house code MIGANS was used as the post-processor of the EGUN. Some basic equations relevant to the problem available in literature were used while using the EGUN code for the purpose. The results on the design output parameters obtained by these two codes were found to be in close agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The tetraphosphonate ligand, 5-amino-1,3-bis(ethylamine-(N,N-dimethyl diphosphonic acid) acetamido) benzene (IPTMP) used in the present study was prepared from 5-nitroisophthalate dimethylester to label with radionuclide for targeted diagnosis and therapy. The synthesized multidentate phosphonate ligand was characterized on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, which exhibited good metal ion control properties when complexed to 99mTc with high in vitro and in vivo stability. Excellent quality bone images of rabbit were imaged showing rapid clearance of background activity and visualization of skeleton at 1h. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A seed remains attached to mother plant through funiculus which is the only means of communication between seed and mother plant. In general, the funiculus is detached from seeds at maturity while harvesting and threshing. However, out of about 950 accessions of fieldpea (Pisum sativum) screened at ICAR‐Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, eight accessions were identified to have intact funiculus in matured and harvested seed. The role of intact funiculus after maturity and harvesting is not yet known. This article summarizes the results of a preliminary investigation on the effect of presence of funiculus on mature harvested seeds of fieldpea on water uptake, as the region underneath the funiculus (hilum–micropylar region) is known to be actively involved in water imbibition by seed. We also propose the possible implications (positive and negative) of incorporation of such trait in high yielding cultivars. The preliminary investigation suggested that the presence of funiculus in harvested seeds has a significant but negative role in rate of water uptake, as the seeds of all eight accessions imbibed more water when funiculus was removed. Such an effect on water uptake, which triggers many physiological metabolisms of dry seed, could have an effect on rate and final germination, dormancy, seed shattering, and cooking time. Also, such genotypes are expected to perform better under high initial moisture and/or flood situation like rice (Oryza sativa) fallows. Core Ideas: We identified field pea genotypes possessing intact funiculus even after harvesting.The intact funiculus resulted in slow and reduced rate of water uptake.The intact funiculus accessions are expected to perform better in rice fallows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the effect of fluidized bed drying (FBD) and freeze‐drying (FD) on physicochemical, nutritional, thermal, and structural properties of Moringa oleifera. The leaves' and flowers' powder was prepared by FBD at 50 ℃ outlet temperature and FD at −50 ℃, while seeds were germinated at 25 ℃ for 96 hr and dried. Seeds were also subjected to a fermentation process using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum culture. FD Moringa leaves and flowers had better retention in terms of nutrition and antioxidant activities. In the case of seeds, fermented ones indicated better quality in terms of physicochemical, thermal, and structural properties. Germination and fermentation improved the glass transition temperature of seeds. Thermogravimetric analysis curves of FD‐dried leaves, flowers, and seeds shifted to higher onset temperature at 243.5, 272.9, and 210.2 ℃ with mass loss of 29.31%, 36.83%, and 33.11%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction pattern revealed similar shapes with different dried powders. The fermented seeds exhibited a higher crystallinity index (21.47%). Novelty impact statement: The processing operations like germination and fermentation coupled with freeze and fluidized bed drying can enhance the nutritional value, antioxidant activity, phenolic content, ascorbic acid, glass transition temperature value, and crystallinity index of the Moringa oleifera powder, which can be used as a functional ingredient in the development of novel foods and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need for high-gain antennas to maintain communication up to hundreds of meters and simultaneously design a broadband antenna to facilitate a data rate of 0.02−0.1 Tb/s to establish a beyond 5G communication in the Terahertz (THz) band. Three sets of microstrip array antennas have been modeled with a CST MWS solver in a corporate-series fed technique for resonance frequencies of between 108.3–114.7 GHz. Some antennas included substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), while the third one was also with frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) for further enhancing the antenna gain. To verify the simulation results of the second antenna modeled with the CST MWS solver, this model was simulated with the ANSYS HFSS solver, with the adaptive mesh algorithm, and the simulation results obtained from both solvers were at an excellent agreement. These antennas may establish a beyond 5G short-range cellular communication system at the THz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication mainly discusses the effect of Fe-site substitution of gadolinium (Gd) and yttrium (Y) on structural, dielectric, electrical and ferroelectric properties of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3). The Gd and Y modified bismuth ferrite of chemical compositions, Bi(Fe 0.9 Gd 0.1)O 3 (referred as BFGO10) and Bi(Fe 0.9 Y 0.1)O 3 (referred as BFYO10) has been prepared through a high-temperature solid-state-reaction method. Preliminary structural analysis has been performed by using X-ray diffraction data and pattern of BFGO10 and BFYO10, which show the structural transformation from the rhombohedral to orthorhombic symmetry. Structural analysis confirms a little suppression of impurity phases in the bismuth ferrite, which has been eliminated by the substitution (small amount 10%) of Gd and Y at its Fe-site. The average crystallite size of Gd and Y-modified BFO, evaluated with the help of Scherrer's relation, is found to be 45 nm and 42 nm respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image reveals the formation of good quality samples along with proper and uniform distribution of grains. Detailed analysis of the impedance analyzer (LCR Meter) data, collected in a frequency range of (1–1000 kHz) at different temperatures (25–500 °C), exhibits the significant change in the dielectric, resistivity and capacitive features of the materials. The remnant polarization and coercivity are obtained through the polarization vs electric field (P-E loop) studies. The numerous other interesting information and important data obtained in this work may be utilized for device applications. • XRD data confirms crystal symmetry changes from rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase. • Higher dielectric permittivity (ϵ r) with small dielectric loss (tanδ) was achieved. • The dielectric relaxation process is non-Debye type. • Enhancement in the remnant polarization (P r) is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A history of depression in post-partum women who have infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), is associated with higher risk for anxiety and stress. These conditions, which can be harmful to neonates, may be missed if maternal mental health screening is confined to depression.Objective: To determine if the history of a previously diagnosed depression would be associated with an increased risk of both postpartum depression and other stress-related disorders (i.e. anxiety and stress) among mothers with infants in the NICU.Design: Prospective survey questionnaire-based study conducted over a period of 9 months.Setting: Urban inpatient hospital-based setting, serving mainly low-income population.Participants: A total of 118 mothers of newborns who had been in the NICU for 7-29 days were approached for enrollment. Out of 118, 96 mothers consented to be screened and were asked to fill out the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire.Outcome: Primary outcome was to determine whether the history of a previously diagnosed depression is associated with an increased risk of both postpartum depression and other stress-related disorders (i.e. anxiety and stress).Results: Out of the 96 subjects, 36 (37.5%) had a previous history of depression before delivery (Group A) while 60/96 (62.5%) did not (Group B) and 46/96 (48%) of the mothers were positive for either depression, anxiety, or stress. This included 22/96 (22.9%) mothers who screened positive for depression; 37/96 (38.5%) who screened positive for anxiety; and 32/96 (33.3%) who screened positive for stress. After adjusting for maternal drug abuse, birth weight and maternal gravidity, the association between a previous history of depression and current depression scores were statistically significant (p = .04), as were the associations between previous depression and current anxiety and stress scores (p = .02 and p = .003, respectively).Conclusions and Relevance: A history of depression, documented in the antepartum medical record, identifies post-partum women who are at higher risk for anxiety and stress. Screening for depression alone may lead to missing these mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) are the most promising candidates of the carbon family with superior properties like ultra-small size, high aqueous solubility, low cytotoxicity, and inherent photoluminescence which makes them suitable for diverse biomedical applications. Methods have been developed to enhance their applications. Doping/surface passivation of CDs improves their physicochemical properties, visible light absorption probability, and quantum yield by controlling their size, morphology, structure, and band-gap energy. Recently, metal-doped CDs have emerged as an important class of nanomaterials with numerous biomedical applications. Additionally, the conjugation of CDs with semiconductor metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) enhances their free radical production rates under visible light irradiation. Conjugation of fluorescent CDs with magnetic NPs leads to the development of multimodal imaging platforms. Similarly, ternary conjugates composed of fluorescent CDs, near-infrared (NIR) responsive, and magnetic NPs are useful for multi-modal imaging-guided, and NIR-responsive synergistic chemo-phototherapy. However, no comprehensive review is published yet which covers metal-doped and hybrid CDs. Therefore, herein we provide detailed information about their synthesis and important biomedical applications. Firstly, we have covered various synthesis methods for CD conjugation including the critical analysis of the effects of the reaction conditions and doping/conjugation on the structure and properties of the CDs. Then we have extensively reviewed their biomedical applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging agents, and in the field of cancer phototherapy with special emphasis on their mechanisms of actions. Finally, the future directions of research and the applications of the metal-doped and hybrid CDs have been discussed. We believe that this review article will enrich the understanding of different synthetic routes of CD-nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. Unlabelled Image • Metal doped and hybrid carbon dots emerge as an excellent candidate in the field of biomedical research. • They can be synthesized by solvothermal/hydrothermal, reduction, microwave and sonochemical methods. • They can be used as excellent antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and bioimaging agents. • They show excellent photothermal and photodynamic therapy effects. • This review summarises the research on the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal doped and hybrid carbon dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blau syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by triad of granulomatous polyarthritis, dermatitis, and uveitis. However, it may be difficult to recognize this syndrome in the absence of all three characteristic clinical manifestations. A 3-year-old girl presented with early onset symmetric polyarthritis and developed granulomatous uveitis at 13 years of age. However, Blau syndrome was suspected at 21 years of age when she was diagnosed to have disseminated granulomas in liver and kidneys. Diagnosis of Blau syndrome was confirmed by finding a mutation in NOD2 gene (p.Arg334Gln; FP2678). She was initiated on adalimumab therapy and she showed good response to this treatment. We did a literature search to find out all reported cases of Blau syndrome with disseminated granulomatous inflammation and all cases of Blau syndrome that were treated with adalimumab therapy. Seventeen patients with Blau syndrome have been reported to have granulomas at unusual locations (liver; kidneys; lungs; salivary glands; intestine; and lymph nodes). Adalimumab has been reported to be used in 33 patients with Blau syndrome. The indication to initiate adalimumab in large majority of these patients was persistence of uveitis. A possibility of Blau syndrome should be considered in all children presenting with early onset arthritis (especially with the presence of boggy swelling) and granulomatous uveitis. Granulomas in the liver and kidney are uncommon disease manifestations. Adalimumab may be an effective treatment for patients with Blau syndrome who are resistant to other forms of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research work, heat transfer and friction characteristics of in-line elliptical tubes are studied experimentally and numerically with the aiming to enhanced the thermal performance. The elliptical tubes with an aspect ratio (AR) of 0.35 and 0.50 and with circular tubes of the aspect ratio of 1 are selected for Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 5000 to 21000. The results indicate that the elliptical tube shows higher heat transfer rate with a significant reduction in the friction factor for the entire range of Reynolds number. The superior performance of the elliptical tube is often due to the aerodynamic cross-section profile of the tubes which promotes better heat transfer with a reduction in the frontal area of the tubes. The study is performed for the two different pitch to major axis ratios (PR) of 1.25 and 1.5, respectively. The results show that at a pitch ratio of 1.25 the elliptical tube with an aspect ratio of 0.50 leads to the superior heat transfer rate, while at pitch ratio of 1.50 elliptic tubes with an aspect ratio of 0.35 indicate better thermo-hydraulic efficiency relative to 0.50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid acid catalysis is an important class of reactions. The principal advantages of solid acid catalysts as compared to their corresponding fluid acids include minimal waste and ease of product separation. One type of these catalysts is based on aluminum bromide (Al2Br6), which is a stronger Lewis acid than Al2Cl6. In this report, Al2Br6 is grafted on commercial mesoporous silica (CMS), SBA-15 and silica gel to create a solid catalyst similar to the silica-supported Al2Cl6 superacid. These supported Al2Br6 catalysts were characterized by NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), pyridine Diffuse Reflectance for Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR). Formation of acid sites was confirmed and quantified with NH3-TPD. Both Lewis and Brønsted sites were observed with DRIFTS using pyridine as a probe molecule. In addition, thermal stability of acid sites was also studied using DRIFTS. 27Al MAS NMR analysis showed tetrahedral, pentahedral and octahedral co-ordination of Al, confirming that Al2Br6 reacted with –OH groups on silica surface. Performance of these catalysts was evaluated using acid-catalyzed 1-butene isomerization. Conversion above 80% was observed at 200 °C, corresponding to thermodynamic equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Artificial Electric Field Algorithm with novel velocity and position bounds. • Comparative experimental analysis of AEFA-C and AEFA algorithm. • AEFA-C is evaluated over IEEE CEC 2017 challenging benchmark set of 28 problems. • Real life engineering design optimization problems are solved using AEFA-C. Nature-inspired optimization algorithms have attracted significant attention from researchers during the past decades due to their applicability to solving the challenging optimization problems, efficiently. Many intelligent systems require an excellent constrained optimization scheme to act as an artificially intelligent system. Artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA) is an intelligently designed artificial system that deals with the purpose of function optimization. AEFA works on the principle of Coulombs' law of electrostatic force and Newtons' law of motion. The present article extends the AEFA algorithm for constrained optimization problems by introducing the new velocity and position bound strategies. These bounds lead the particle to interact with each other within the domain of the problem, and they are allowed to learn from the problem space individually. They also help to make a better balance between exploration and exploitation by controlling the position update of the particles. The challenging IEEE CEC 2017 constrained benchmark set of 28 problems, and five multidimensional non-linear structural design optimization problems are solved using AEFA-C, which tests the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The comparative study of AEFA-C is performed with nine state-of-art algorithms, including some IEEE CEC 2017 competitors. The comparative study, statistical analysis, and the findings suggest that the proposed AEFA-C is an efficient constrained optimizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-base cytosine methylation analysis across fruits of Capsicum annuum , C. chinense and C. frutescens showed global average methylation ranging from 82.8–89.1%, 77.6–83.9%, and 22.4–25% at CG, CHG and CHH contexts, respectively. High gene-body methylation at CG and CHG was observed across Capsicum species. The C. annuum showed the highest proportion (>80%) of mCs at different genomic regions compared to C. chinense and C. frutescens. Cytosine methylation for transposable-elements were lower in C. frutescens compared to C. annuum and C. chinense. A total of 510,165 CG, 583112 CHG and 277,897 CHH DMRs were identified across three Capsicum species. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) distribution analysis revealed C. frutescens as more hypo-methylated compared to C. annuum and C. chinense, and also the presence of more intergenic DMRs in Capsicum genome. At CG and CHG context, gene expression and promoter methylation showed inverse correlations. Furthermore, the observed correlation between methylation and expression of genes suggested the potential role of methylation in Capsicum fruit development/ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low electric and magnetic moment features are the main drawbacks that restrict the practical utilities of bismuth ferrite. Successfully, we have substituted Li+ and W6+ in Sb3+ and Fe3+ sites to eliminate further confinements of bismuth ferrite (referred as BFO/BiFeO 3). A new lead-free perovskite compound of (SbLi) 1/2 (Fe 2/3 W 1/3)O 3 (symbolized as SLFWO) has been produced through ceramic processing (high temperature) route. The calcination temperature of said compound is confirmed from the thermogravimetric analysis. The structural, microstructural, magnetic and electrical (dielectric constant/loss, impedance, modulus, conductivity) features of the said material have been studied over an extensive range of frequency (100 Hz-1 MHz) and temperature (RT-400 °C). The finding of reflection indices and crystal parameters approve the development of polycrystalline nature with orthorhombic symmetry of the compound. The impedance analysis confirms the existence of non-Debye type relaxation trend. The frequency-temperature dependence of ac-conductivity studies proves the nature and conduction mechanism in the compound. At specific peak frequency, the modulus spectrum movements of the charge carrier vary from wide array to narrow array. The peak frequencies increase with temperature signifying the thermally activated relaxation process. The value of leakage current rises with the temperature that established the NTCR trend of the compound. The observed values of remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization and coercivity of SLFWO are 0.5647 emu/g, 0.04953 emu/g, and 104.242 Oe respectively. • The material is quite new considering its application point of view. • The structural, thermal, impedance and magnetic properties with in-depth understanding are explained well in this manuscript. • The material has an excellent electrical and magnetic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, the effect of gadolinium (Gd) substitution on structural, microstructural, electrical and dielectric properties of bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (i.e. Bi(Fe0.95Gd0.05)O3 abbreviated as BFGO5) has been reported. The development of an environment-friendly lead-free multiferroic material by substituting a rare earth element at the uncommon site of BiFeO3 (BFO) (i.e. Gd at the Fe site rather than commonly preferred Bi site) for the tailoring of its multiferroic properties has been attempted in this study. The present studied material has been fabricated through a conventional standard solid-state reaction (SSR) method using carbonates and high-quality oxides in a stoichiometric amount. The phase formation and basic crystal data were analysed by X-ray diffraction technique which shows a single-phase formation of BFGO5 material in orthorhombic symmetry. The average crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer's formula and found to be 84 nm. The surface morphology and compositions examined by FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR and TEM show the formation of highly compact sample with uniform distribution of grains. Detailed studies of dielectric parameters (dielectric constant and tangent loss) in a selected frequency range (1–1000 kHz) at different temperatures (273–773 K) clearly exhibit enhancement on dielectric properties of BFO. Studies of its impedance spectroscopy, electrical modulus and electrical conductivity confirm the semiconductor behaviour [negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR)] and non-Debye type relaxation process of the material. The polarization versus electric field (P–E) analysis of BFGO5 shows an improvement in remnant polarization as compared to the parent compound BFO. Therefore, based on the several investigations of results, the BFGO5 material could be considered as a favourable candidate for electronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 59-year-old asymptomatic male was referred to our tertiary care center with suspected left inferior bullous retinal detachment. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopic examination revealed an elevated, smooth, dome-shaped retinal lesion from 4 o'clock to 8 o'clock extending posterior to the equator, suggestive of bullous retinoschisis. Bullous or reticular retinoschisis is known to occur in the periphery and often extends posterior to the equator.[[1]],[[2]] Management is usually observation unless retinoschisis is accompanied with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.{Figure 1}. [Extracted from the article]