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Background We aimed to investigate the functions and underlying mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in bone differentiation and angiogenesis in the development of osteoporosis. Methods The differential gene or proteins expressions were measured by qPCR or western blot assays, respectively. The targeted relationships among molecular were confirmed through luciferase reporter, RIP and ChIP assays, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red S (ARS) and TRAP staining were performed to measure the osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs. The viability, migration and angiogenesis in BM-EPCs were validated by CCK-8, clone formation, transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. Western blot and immunofluorescence detected the cytosolic/nuclear localization of β-catenin. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were established to confirm the findings in vitro. Results SNHG1 was enhanced and miR-181c-5p was decreased in serum and femoral tissue from OVX mice. SNHG1 directly inhibited miR-181c-5p to activate Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling by upregulating SFRP1. In addition, knockdown of SNHG1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing miR-181c-5p. In contrast, SNHG1 overexpression advanced the osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited the angiogenesis of BM-EPCs, whereas these effects were all reversed by miR-181c-5p overexpression. In vivo experiments indicated that SNHG1 silencing alleviated osteoporosis through stimulating osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by modulating miR-181c-5p. Importantly, SNHG1 could be induced by SP1 in BMSCs. Conclusions Collectively, SP1-induced SNHG1 modulated SFRP1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via sponging miR-181c-5p, thereby inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis while promoting osteoclast formation. Further, SNHG1 silence might provide a potential treatment for osteoporosis. Graphic abstract

Gong Feng,1 Wu-Bin Shu,2 A-Bing Li2 1School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: A-Bing LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15088557621Email bing19890807@hotmail.comBackground: The aim of the study was to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP).Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with SBP between 1993 and 2012 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All eligible patients were randomly allocated to the training sets and the validation sets. The nomogram was developed with the training set and validated with the validation set using the concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCA).Results: Age, marital status, tumor grade, treatment were independent prognostic indicators for OS (P< 0.05) and were integrated to construct the nomogram. C-indexes for OS prediction in the training and validation sets were 0.78 and 0.73, respectively. The calibration plots demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and actual survival. DCA demonstrated that the new model has great benefits. In the total cohort, the median OS of patients in the low- and high-risk groups were 12.17 (95% CI 11.92– 12.42) and 3.92 (95% CI 2.83– 5.01) years, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram showed excellent applicability and accuracy, which could be a reliable tool for predicting OS in SBP patients.Keywords: solitary bone plasmacytoma, cancer risk factors, SEER, nomogram

In order to understand the growth habits and freeze resistance of the hybrid citrus variety in Jingzhou area, and to provide reference for the introduction of the variety in fruit farmers, and to promote the development of the local citrus industry, the main biological and freeze resistance characteristics of the five hybrid citrus variety were investigated. The results showed that:(1)The growth potential of ‘Wo gan’ and ‘Daya’ were the strongest, followed by ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Chunjian’, and the weakest growth was ‘Buzhihuo’;(2) On the performance of summer and autumn shoots, ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’ were the longest, ‘Chunjian’ was moderate, ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Buzhihuo’ were the weakest; (3) On the aspect of freeze resistance, ‘Aiyuan 38’was the strongest, followed by ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’, the freeze resistance of ‘Chunjian’ was more weak and ‘Buzhihuo’ was the weakest;(4) On the other aspects, such as the leaf shape, leaf size, color of tender leaf, thorn density, flower size, inflorescence and so on also had the big difference, but the petal number and the petal color were similar. It could be seen that ‘Daya’ and ‘Wogan’ had the best growth potential in Jingzhou area, but their freeze resistance were weak. The growth potential of ‘Aiyuan 38’ and ‘Chunjian’ were in the middle, ‘Aiyuan 38’ had best freeze resistance. The growth potential and freeze resistance of ’Buzhihuo’ in Jinzhou area was the weakest.

The growth performance and adaptability of 'Chang Li No.1', 'Cui Guan' and 'Yuan Huang' after their planted in the first and third years were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The first year after the bud seedling planted, in plant height aspect, 'Yuan Huang' was the highest about 164.4cm, 'Cui Guan' was the lowest about 116.4cm; in leaf number aspect, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the least about 11, ‘Cui Guan’ and 'Yuan Huang' were equivalent; in rate of survival, the survival rate of ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the highest about 82.4%, however, the survival rate of 'Cui Guan' and 'Yuan Huang' were 64.9% and 62.1% respectively; (2) The third year after planted, in plant height aspect, 'Yuan Huang' was the highest about 3.46 m, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were 2.72 m and 2.65 m respectively; in crown diameter aspect, 'Yuan Huang’ was the largest, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were equivalent; (3) In the number of annual branches, 'Yuan Huang' was the largest whatever long, medium or short branches, and that of ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were equivalent; (4) In the number of inflorescence per plant, 'Yuan Huang' was the most up to 81 clusters, ‘Cui Guan’ was middle about 48 clusters, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the least only 28 clusters; in the number of inflorescence flowers aspect, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the largest about 9, 'Yuan Huang' and 'Cui Guan' were equal only 7; (5) In phenological period, ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’ were similar, 'Yuan Huang' was about 5 days later than that of ‘Cui Guan’ and ‘Chang Li No.1’, and their fruit maturity was about 10 days different each other; (6)In damage by insects expression, 'Yuan Huang' was the lightest, next to ‘Cui Guan’, ‘Chang Li No.1’ was the most serious. Thus it could be seen, ‘Yuan Huang’ had the strongest adaptability in Hubei province, and ‘Chang Li No.1’ had the weakest adaptability in Hubei province of China.

We demonstrate a fiber magnetic field sensor based on multimode fiber specklegrams. The magnetic field is detected by measuring the change of speckle patterns with digital correlation technology. When the magnetic induction increases by 50 mT, the response of correlation coefficient is more than 0.35. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.00705 ${\rm{m}}{{\rm{T}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}$ for the magnetic field range of 50–100 mT, and the resolution is 0.284 mT. The temperature cross sensitivity is studied by establishing the sensing matrix. In addition, dynamic range expansion and magnetic field direction sensing are explored as the application extensions of this kind of sensor.

The traditional channel sounding protocol requires that the whole sounding process must be completed within a coherent time. When the communication delay is close to or greater than the coherent time, the protocol will not work properly. In order to solve this problem, a novel Non-Time-Limited channel sounding protocol is proposed. The proposed channel sounding protocol does not need to guarantee the channel reciprocity, has no limit on the communication delay and has strong multi-relay scalability. At the same time, a relay-assisted security extension mechanism is proposed to prevent the collaborative eavesdropping of the neighboring attackers. Simulation experiments show that the Non-Time-Limited channel sounding protocol can get rid of the influence of channel change speed on key generation, effectively improve key consistency in high-speed mobile scenarios, and still maintain good key agreement rate performance in underwater acoustic communication.