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251. Interactive Effects of Mixtures of Phototoxic PAHs

Author: William A. Stubblefield and Bryson E. Finch
Subjects: Americamysis bahia, Ultraviolet Rays, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Complex Mixtures, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crustacea, Ecotoxicology, Animals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluoranthene, Anthracenes, Anthracene, Fluorenes, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, Phenanthrenes, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Acute toxicity, Hydrocarbon mixtures, Petroleum, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Pyrene
Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment as components in complex mixtures derived from petroleum based products. PAHs are unique in their ability to absorb UV light, resulting in significant increases in acute toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine if mixtures of the phototoxic PAHs fluoranthene, pyrene, and anthracene conform to the additive model of toxicity. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated for mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and inland silverside (Menidia beryllina) exposed to individual, binary, and ternary mixtures of the selected PAHs. Mixtures were evaluated on a toxic unit basis to account for potency differences and toxicity data was analyzed using the concentration-addition and independent-action models. Data indicated that the model of additivity is sufficient in describing the toxicity of mixtures of phototoxic PAHs; therefore predictive models should consider an additivity model for assessing the toxicity of hydrocarbon mixtures.
Published: 2018

252. Measurement of the HΛ3 lifetime in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Author: Q. H. Xu, J. W. Harris, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, T. Kollegger, S. Mizuno, Z. Feng, J. Xu, M. Lomnitz, D. Kalinkin, W. J. Llope, C. Zhou, D. L. Olvitt, E. P. Sichtermann, S. Heppelmann, B. J. Summa, P. Bhattarai, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, Guo-Liang Ma, P. Filip, Li Yi, P. Sorensen, Y. F. Wu, Mariusz Przybycien, X. G. Luo, Alexander Jentsch, K. Poniatowska, A. S. Hirsch, Siwei Luo, P. Kravtsov, A. M. Schmah, G. D. Westfall, Dmitry Smirnov, G. Eppley, S. Das, A. H. Tang, N. Magdy, Peng Huo, C-Q. Li, A. Attri, Giacomo Contin, A. Gupta, Bedangadas Mohanty, S. Ramachandran, O. Eyser, Joseph Kwasizur, A. Harlenderova, Md. Nasim, R. D. Majka, R. Witt, J. Alford, I. Bunzarov, D. Kapukchyan, J. Pluta, J. M. Campbell, M. Zyzak, J. D. Brandenburg, Guannan Xie, Xuan Zhang, J. L. Drachenberg, Tetsuro Sugiura, Zebo Tang, W. Guryn, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, Y. J. Sun, Jiangyong Jia, R. Lacey, S. Mioduszewski, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, P. Federicova, W. Li, X. C. Chen, T. Ullrich, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, J. Schambach, C. Dilks, Anju Bhasin, J. D. Roth, D. N. Brown, G. J. van Nieuwenhuizen, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, J. Bryslawskyj, A. K. Bhati, Rene Bellwied, L. Didenko, T. G. Dedovich, D. Keane, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, O. Rusnakova, S. Kabana, K. Kang, T. Niida, M. Sergeeva, S. S. Shi, R. E. Tribble, H. Z. Huang, Wei Xie, M. K. Mustafa, S. Vokal, J. Rusnak, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, S. Trentalange, A. Lebedev, I. K. Yoo, Z. Shi, Y. Fisyak, Lin Ma, K. Oh, A. Aparin, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Anthony Robert Timmins, J. Fujita, Jize Zhao, H. S. Matis, L. K. Kosarzewski, W. W. Jacobs, H. Liu, L. G. Efimov, T. K. Nayak, J. Lauret, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, R. Reed, J. Fedorisin, K. N. Barish, M. Saur, P. V. Shanmuganathan, Jay Roberts, C. Perkins, T. Todoroki, Y. Li, O. D. Tsai, Chong Kim, J. M. Nelson, Roli Esha, M. M. Mondal, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, Y. Pandit, A. V. Brandin, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, R. S. Longacre, Daniel Nemes, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, H. J. Crawford, J. K. Adkins, S. Horvat, T. Tarnowsky, Benjamin Schweid, T. J. Humanic, H. G. Ritter, W. Q. Shen, N. Schmitz, D. Arkhipkin, B. S. Page, K. Krueger, Avishek Chatterjee, A. Hamed, Sergey Voloshin, Michal Sumbera, L. C. Bland, P. Seyboth, D. P. Kikola, E. Shahaliev, Z. Chang, R. Fatemi, L. He, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, P. Federic, Y. G. Ma, B. Stringfellow, A. A. P. Suaide, K. Jiang, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Y. Wang, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Rafal Sikora, Shangfeng Yang, J. H. Chen, Zhigang Xiao, David Stewart, T. Huang, Sevil Salur, G. Igo, S. Fazio, Zongye Zhang, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, M. Kocmanek, Peng Liu, N. G. Minaev, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Leszek Adamczyk, B. Pawlik, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, M. J. Skoby, Frank Jm Geurts, S. W. Wissink, Y. Zhang, M. R. Girard, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Zubayer Ahammed, J. Bouchet, L. Krauth, Vipul Bairathi, W. Zha, B. Huang, I. Upsal, Jana Bielcikova, J. Thäder, J. R. Adams, A. A. Derevschikov, Y. F. Xu, M. Posik, D. A. Morozov, Z. W. Miller, R. Aoyama, K. D. Landry, K. Kauder, A. Taranenko, J. E. Draper, J. L. Romero, W. Christie, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, Subhash Singha, Andrey Vasiliev, Irakli Chakaberia, Z. Z. Xu, Arabinda Behera, S. Zhang, Dukhishyam Mallick, H. M. Spinka, Nikita Smirnov, J. Y. Zhang, E. Finch, D. G. Underwood, X. Dong, K. Meehan, N. Yu, Xuedong Bai, M. Cherney, Xiangming Sun, D. N. Svirida, Q. Y. Shou, L. V. Nogach, J. Porter, Lokesh Kumar, Jian Deng, Jindrich Lidrych, J. Putschke, Xiaofeng Zhu, Hua Pei, S. K. Tripathy, N. K. Pruthi, X. M. Sun, Ivan Kisel, R. Pak, G. Wang, J. Cheng, A. Ogawa, X.G. Li, Y. Guo, Jongmin Lee, C. Yang, R. Seto, R. L. Ray, R. Ma, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, N. Herrmann, T. Ljubicic, Janet Elizabeth Seger, J. H. Thomas, H. Caines, L. P. Zhou, S. B. Nurushev, A. Quintero, H. W. Ke, L. Fulek, I. M. Deppner, G. S. Averichev, D. Cebra, Zhanwen Zhu, Y. Yang, J. Kvapil, Justin Ewigleben, Nilay Shah, A. Gibson, C. Zhong, K. Yip, Vitaly Okorokov, Z. Ye, D. Tlusty, Bernd Surrow, Maowu Nie, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, Niladribihari Sahoo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, T. Nonaka, Z. H. Khan, J. M. Butterworth, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, N. N. Ajitanand, G. Nigmatkulov, J. C. Webb, D. Mayes, J. M. Landgraf, M. Tokarev, M. Strikhanov, W. Solyst, T. D. S. Stanislaus, H. H. Wieman, W. B. Schmidke, G. Odyniec, J. Sandweiss, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, C. A. Gagliardi, Jaroslav Bielcik, Jie Zhang, O. V. Rogachevskiy, Madan M. Aggarwal, Fuqiang Wang, D. K. Mishra, A. Vossen, S. Esumi, and Qi Yang
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Chatterjee, 010306 general physics, Hypernucleus, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, 01 natural sciences, Hypertriton
Abstract: Author(s): Adamczyk, L; Adams, JR; Adkins, JK; Agakishiev, G; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; Ajitanand, NN; Alekseev, I; Alford, J; Anderson, DM; Aoyama, R; Aparin, A; Arkhipkin, D; Aschenauer, EC; Ashraf, MU; Attri, A; Averichev, GS; Bai, X; Bairathi, V; Barish, K; Behera, A; Bellwied, R; Bhasin, A; Bhati, AK; Bhattarai, P; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bland, LC; Bordyuzhin, IG; Bouchet, J; Brandenburg, JD; Brandin, AV; Brown, D; Bryslawskyj, J; Bunzarov, I; Butterworth, J; Caines, H; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M; Campbell, JM; Cebra, D; Chakaberia, I; Chaloupka, P; Chang, Z; Chankova-Bunzarova, N; Chatterjee, A; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, X; Chen, X; Chen, JH; Cheng, J; Cherney, M; Christie, W; Contin, G; Crawford, HJ; Das, S; Dedovich, TG; Deng, J; Deppner, IM; Derevschikov, AA; Didenko, L; Dilks, C; Dong, X; Drachenberg, JL; Draper, JE; Dunlop, JC; Efimov, LG; Elsey, N; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Esha, R; Esumi, S; Evdokimov, O; Ewigleben, J; Eyser, O; Fatemi, R; Fazio, S; Federic, P; Federicova, P; Fedorisin, J; Feng, Z; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flores, CE; Fujita, J | Abstract: An improved measurement of the HΛ3 lifetime is presented. In this paper, the mesonic decay modes HΛ3→He3 + π- and HΛ3→d+p+π- are used to reconstruct the HΛ3 from Au+Au collision data collected by the STAR collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). A minimum χ2 estimation is used to determine the lifetime of τ=142-21+24(stat.)±29(syst.) ps. This lifetime is about 50% shorter than the lifetime τ=263±2 ps of a free Λ, indicating strong hyperon-nucleon interaction in the hypernucleus system. The branching ratios of the mesonic decay channels are also determined to satisfy B.R.(He3+π-)/(B.R.(He3+π-)+B.R.(d+p+π-))=0.32±0.05(stat.)±0.08(syst.). Our ratio result favors the assignment J(HΛ3)=12 over J(HΛ3)=32. These measurements will help to constrain models of hyperon-baryon interactions.
Published: 2018
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253. Transverse spin-dependent azimuthal correlations of charged pion pairs measured in + Collisions at

Author: L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, J.K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N.N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D.M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E.C. Aschenauer, M.U. Ashraf, A. Attri, G.S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, I.G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J.D. Brandenburg, A.V. Brandin, D. Brown, J. Bryslawskyj, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J.M. Campbell, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, Z. Chang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, J.H. Chen, X. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, W. Christie, G. Contin, H.J. Crawford, T.G. Dedovich, J. Deng, I.M. Deppner, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, C. Dilks, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, J.E. Draper, J.C. Dunlop, L.G. Efimov, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, R. Esha, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, J. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, P. Federic, P. Federicova, J. Fedorisin, Z. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, C.E. Flores, J. Fujita, L. Fulek, C.A. Gagliardi, F. Geurts, A. Gibson, M. Girard, D. Grosnick, D.S. Gunarathne, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A.I. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Harlenderova, J.W. Harris, L. He, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, A. Hirsch, S. Horvat, X. Huang, H.Z. Huang, T. Huang, B. Huang, T.J. Humanic, P. Huo, G. Igo, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jentsch, J. Jia, K. Jiang, S. Jowzaee, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, Z. Khan, D.P. Kikoła, C. Kim, I. Kisel, A. Kisiel, L. Kochenda, M. Kocmanek, T. Kollegger, L.K. Kosarzewski, A.F. Kraishan, L. Krauth, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, N. Kulathunga, L. Kumar, J. Kvapil, J.H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, K.D. Landry, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J.H. Lee, W. Li, C. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, J. Lidrych, T. Lin, M.A. Lisa, Y. Liu, H. Liu, F. Liu, P. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, M. Lomnitz, R.S. Longacre, X. Luo, S. Luo, L. Ma, Y.G. Ma, G.L. Ma, R. Ma, N. Magdy, R. Majka, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, D. Mayes, K. Meehan, J.C. Mei, Z.W. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, D. Mishra, S. Mizuno, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, D.A. Morozov, M.K. Mustafa, Md. Nasim, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, L.V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, K. Oh, V.A. Okorokov, D. Olvitt, B.S. Page, R. Pak, Y. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, B. Pawlik, H. Pei, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, K. Poniatowska, J. Porter, M. Posik, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, A. Quintero, S. Ramachandran, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, M.J. Rehbein, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, J.D. Roth, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, O. Rusnakova, N.R. Sahoo, P.K. Sahu, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Saur, J. Schambach, A.M. Schmah, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, B.R. Schweid, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P.V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shi, Z. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, E.P. Sichtermann, R. Sikora, M. Simko, S. Singha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, W. Solyst, P. Sorensen, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, D.J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, T. Sugiura, M. Sumbera, B. Summa, X. Sun, X.M. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D.N. Svirida, Z. Tang, A.H. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, A. Tawfik, J. Thäder, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, M. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, B. Tu, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, A.N. Vasiliev, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, A. Vossen, G. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, G. Webb, J.C. Webb, L. Wen, G.D. Westfall, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, Y. Wu, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, N. Xu, Y.F. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, I.-K. Yoo, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, J.B. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, C. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. Zhu, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Parton, Spin structure, Polarization (waves), Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in transversely polarized nucleons, is a fundamental component of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by global fits to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. In transversely polarized p↑+p collisions it can be accessed using transverse polarization dependent fragmentation functions which give rise to azimuthal correlations between the polarization of the struck parton and the final state scalar mesons.This letter reports on spin dependent di-hadron correlations measured by the STAR experiment. The new dataset corresponds to 25 pb$^{−1}$ integrated luminosity of p↑+p collisions at s=500 GeV, an increase of more than a factor of ten compared to our previous measurement at s=200 GeV. Non-zero asymmetries sensitive to transversity are observed at a Q2 of several hundred GeV and are found to be consistent with the former measurement and a model calculation. We expect that these data will enable an extraction of transversity with comparable precision to current SIDIS datasets but at much higher momentum transfers where subleading effects are suppressed.
Published: 2018

254. Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow ofΛ,Λ¯,K±,Ks0, andϕinAu+AuCollisions

Author: J. M. Nelson, Arka Chatterjee, W. J. Llope, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, T. J. Humanic, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, P. Filip, M. K. Mustafa, Sergey Voloshin, Y. Li, S. Singha, Xiangming Sun, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Alexander Jentsch, C-Q. Li, P. Pile, G. D. Westfall, D. L. Olvitt, K. Jiang, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, A. Attri, P. Federic, H. S. Matis, Hao Qiu, Yanjun Wu, Jun Deng, P. Huo, B. S. Page, J. Y. Zhang, N. Yu, D. P. Kikola, L. K. Kosarzewski, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, B. Stringfellow, Sumit R. Das, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, W. W. Jacobs, Joseph Kwasizur, N. K. Pruthi, David Brown, T. Kollegger, J. Lauret, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, M. Sergeeva, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Nasim, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, P. Seyboth, G. Eppley, T. Tarnowsky, S. Mizuno, S. S. Shi, J. M. Campbell, K. Kauder, T. G. Dedovich, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, Siwei Luo, J. Pluta, Leszek Adamczyk, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Jorn Henning Putschke, A. V. Brandin, J. Rusnak, D. Kapukchyan, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, J. D. Roth, R. D. Majka, Z. W. Miller, N.N. Ajitanand, S. Heppelmann, T. Todoroki, B. J. Summa, M. R. Girard, Guannan Xie, J. C. Webb, Xuan Zhang, Arabinda Behera, Rene Bellwied, R. Aoyama, R. Witt, R. E. Tribble, J. Schambach, R. Seto, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Madan M. Aggarwal, J. W. Harris, J. Jia, D. Tlusty, S. Mioduszewski, W. Christie, Z. Feng, Xiaofeng Zhu, T. Nonaka, Wei Xie, A. Aparin, Xiaofeng Luo, Yinina Ma, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Roli Esha, P. Bhattarai, Isaac Upsal, Vipul Bairathi, James Brandenburg, J. Fujita, Guo-Liang Ma, R. Reed, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, S. Horvat, K. N. Barish, N. G. Minaev, Andrey Vasiliev, A. Ogawa, S. B. Nurushev, Mukesh Sharma, G. Wang, J. B. Zhang, Y. Pandit, Fuqiang Wang, S. Fazio, Xuliang Chen, Michal Sumbera, A. A. P. Suaide, J. E. Draper, X.G. Li, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Zongye Zhang, Y. Guo, I. G. Bordyuzhin, M. J. Skoby, N. Schmitz, D. K. Mishra, E. Shahaliev, A. H. Tang, L. E. Dunkelberger, A. S. Hirsch, I. Bunzarov, Z. H. Khan, W. Zha, Janet Elizabeth Seger, P. Kravtsov, A. K. Bhati, A. M. Schmah, L. Fulek, R. Lacey, S. Ramachandran, B.R. Schweid, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Anju Bhasin, A. A. Derevschikov, Jana Bielcikova, O. Eyser, Sedigheh Jowzaee, D. Keane, J. L. Romero, C. Dilks, S. W. Wissink, J. Thäder, D. Kalinkin, J. Engelage, Y. Zhang, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, Nikolai Smirnov, G. Nigmatkulov, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, L. Yi, Y. Wang, Y. Fisyak, P. Sorensen, Lin Ma, D. G. Underwood, E. Finch, Z. Shi, K. Oh, M. Saur, Peter Q. Liu, J. Kvapil, Xuedong Bai, Q. Yang, L. G. Efimov, J. M. Landgraf, Zubayer Ahammed, Nilay Shah, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, Chong Kim, Z. Ye, A. Vossen, M. Strikhanov, J. Cheng, T. K. Nayak, K. Yip, H. G. Ritter, Bedangadas Mohanty, J. Sandweiss, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, L. C. De Silva, Maowu Nie, Q. Y. Shou, X. Huang, M. Kocmanek, A. Harlenderova, Rafal Sikora, A. Kechechyan, R. Pak, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, W. Guryn, L. C. Bland, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, J. Fedorisin, M. M. Mondal, S. Esumi, Jay Roberts, Anik Gupta, J. H. Chen, Chi Yang, D. N. Svirida, Jaroslav Bielcik, I. K. Yoo, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, H. W. Ke, Frank Jm Geurts, D. A. Morozov, O. V. Rogachevskiy, A. Quintero, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, M. Zyzak, T. D. S. Stanislaus, H. H. Wieman, Vitaly Okorokov, Bernd Surrow, N. Elsey, C. Zhou, W. B. Schmidke, C. A. Gagliardi, K. Meehan, O. D. Tsai, A. Sharma, L. Song, W. Q. Shen, Xiang Sun, Zebo Tang, H. Liu, D. Garand, Sevil Salur, C. Perkins, R. S. Longacre, P. V. Shanmuganathan, D. Mallick, G. Igo, J. Bouchet, L. Krauth, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, K. D. Landry, R. Ma, J. Butterworth, Y. F. Xu, Q. H. Xu, T. Ljubicic, J. Xu, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, P. Federicova, B. Huang, Justin Ewigleben, G. Odyniec, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, X. Dong, E. P. Sichtermann, T. Ullrich, J. R. Adams, W. Solyst, J. Lidrych, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, D. Cebra, A. Taranenko, Zhanwen Zhu, S. Kabana, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, Z. Chang, Shize Yang, M. Posik, H. M. Spinka, J. K. Adkins, R. Fatemi, L. He, J. H. Thomas, K. Krueger, L. P. Zhou, I. Kisel, M. Cherney, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, S. K. Tripathy, K. Poniatowska, S. K. Gupta, Giacomo Contin, G. S. Averichev, Nihar Sahoo, J. Porter, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, H. J. Crawford, B. Pawlik, A. Gibson, S. Zhang, P. Chaloupka, Z. J. Xu, S. Trentalange, D. Arkhipkin, and A. Hamed
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Quark, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.
Published: 2018
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255. Photo-enhanced toxicity of undispersed and dispersed weathered Macondo crude oil to Pacific (Crassostrea gigas) and eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae

Author: Bryson E. Finch, Suzanne M. Pargee, Emily S. Stefansson, Chris Langdon, and William A. Stubblefield
Subjects: Oyster, animal structures, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Light, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Dispersant, biology.animal, Animals, Petroleum Pollution, Crassostrea, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Larva, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Crude oil, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Petroleum, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, Environmental science, Eastern oyster, Corexit, geographic locations, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill rapid natural weathering of Macondo crude oil occurred during the transport of oil to coastal areas. In response to the DWH incident, dispersant was applied to Macondo crude oil to reduce the movement of oil to coastal regions. This study aimed to assess the narcotic and phototoxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of weathered Macondo crude oil, and chemically-enhanced WAFs of Corexit 9500 to Pacific (Crassostrea gigas) and eastern (Crassostrea virginica) oyster larvae. Phototoxic effects were observed for larval Pacific oysters exposed to combinations of oil and dispersant, but not for oil alone. Phototoxic effects were observed for larval eastern oysters exposed to oil alone and combinations of oil and dispersant. Corexit 9500 did not exhibit phototoxicity but resulted in significant narcotic toxicity for Pacific oysters. Oyster larvae may have experienced reduced survival and/or abnormal development if reproduction coincided with exposures to oil or dispersant.
Published: 2018

256. Air Pollution in Our Future Longevity

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Exposome, Natural resource economics, Human life, media_common.quotation_subject, Global warming, Air pollution, Longevity, Biomass smoke, medicine.disease_cause, Regional studies, medicine, Environmental science, Lung function, media_common
Abstract: While air pollution has decreased in some regions, global trends predict its continued growth for decades ahead. Global warming by basic chemistry itself will increase ozone. The benefits of decreased air pollution are robustly demonstrated in regional studies of mortality and lung function. The United States has been a leader in air pollution reduction until the demarche of the 45th presidency. The deep evolutionary history of exposure of early humans to biomass smoke and dust suggests that we may have evolved some smoke-resistant genes. Genomic imprints and developmental defects from air pollution and cigarette smoke may persist for several generations into the future. The human exposome may be expanding from warming that brings not only more temperature-driven ambient chemistry but also expanding insectborne infections. Will human life spans globally regress to levels of our evolutionary past?
Published: 2018
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257. Air Pollution and Cigarettes Cloud Development

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Brain development, Ambient air pollution, Gestational exposure, business.industry, Leptin, DNA methylation, Air pollution, Physiology, Cigarette smoke, Medicine, Epigenetics, business, medicine.disease_cause
Abstract: Brain development is impaired by gestational exposure to airborne toxins from ambient air pollution or cigarette smoke. The placenta is damaged, and fetal growth is retarded. Adult obesity and arterial diseases are promoted. Rodent models of gestational exposure show impaired neuron formation and persisting brain inflammation. Airborne toxins include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from fossil fuels and cigarettes and carbon monoxide from cigarettes. Mechanisms include epigenetic changes in the DNA methylation of leptin and other metabolic genes that influence the next generation and possibly beyond.
Published: 2018
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258. The Toxic Nature of the Three Smokes

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollution, Ambient air pollution, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Biomass, Inhaled air, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry, Chemical products, Environmental chemistry, medicine, Environmental science, Cigarette smoke, Organic matter, media_common
Abstract: The three smokes share many properties, with particles of the same size range down to the nanoscale, which penetrate deeply into the lung. Their shared origins from burning organic matter yield similar chemical products, including the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons known as carcinogens, which are also neurotoxins. Additionally, ambient air pollution includes metals from other man-made components from industry and dust from deserts and field. Ambient air pollution has an immensely complex and variable composition. Cells react to air pollution and cigarette smoke by inducing genes for detoxifying responses and inflammation, including the TLR4 pathway of innate immune responses. Household air pollution from burning biomass and dung shares some of these inflammatory responses. To anticipate the discussion of disease associations in the following chapters, I review gaps in our knowledge of how inhaled air pollution and cigarette particles impact the brain and cross the placenta to influence fetal brain development.
Published: 2018
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259. Nanoparticulate matter exposure results in neuroinflammatory changes in the corpus callosum

Author: Qinghai Liu, William J. Mack, Kristina Shkirkova, Arati Patel, Hank Cheng, Drew M Hodis, Todd E. Morgan, Caleb E. Finch, Constantinos Sioutas, Krista Lamorie-Foote, Michelle Connor, and Robin Babadjouni
Subjects: Central Nervous System, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Complement System, Complement receptor, Corpus callosum, medicine.disease_cause, Nervous System, Biochemistry, Immune Receptors, C5a receptor, Corpus Callosum, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Materials, Staining, Complement component 5, Immune System Proteins, Multidisciplinary, Microglia, integumentary system, Complement C5, Brain, Complement Receptors, Pollution, Specimen preparation and treatment, Particulates, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Anatomy, Cellular Types, Research Article, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Immunology, Materials Science, Neurocognitive Disorders, Glial Cells, Biology, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Air Pollution, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Microglial Cells, Neuroinflammation, Inflammation, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, DAPI staining, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Research and analysis methods, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, 13. Climate action, Immune System, Mixtures, Nuclear staining, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Epidemiological studies have established an association between air pollution particulate matter exposure (PM2.5) and neurocognitive decline. Experimental data suggest that microglia play an essential role in air pollution PM-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study examined the effect of nano-sized particulate matter (nPM) on complement C5 deposition and microglial activation in the corpus callosum of mice (C57BL/6J males). nPM was collected in an urban Los Angeles region impacted by traffic emissions. Mice were exposed to 10 weeks of re-aerosolized nPM or filtered air for a cumulative 150 hours. nPM-exposed mice exhibited reactive microglia and 2-fold increased local deposition of complement C5/ C5α proteins and complement component C5a receptor 1 (CD88) in the corpus callosum. However, serum C5 levels did not differ between nPM and filtered air cohorts. These findings demonstrate white matter C5 deposition and microglial activation secondary to nPM exposure. The C5 upregulation appears to be localized to the brain.
Published: 2018

260. The Three Smokes in Global Mortality

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Premature death, Exposome, Life span, business.industry, Environmental health, Fossil fuel, Air pollution, medicine, Environmental science, medicine.disease_cause, Toxin exposure, business, World health
Abstract: Airborne toxins cause 14 million premature deaths worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Most of these toxins arise from fossil fuels, cigarettes, and inefficient home fires that I designate as “the three smokes.” Their microscopic particles share toxic properties that exacerbate oxidative stress and inflammation and accelerate many aging processes. Dust from the earth's crust can also be toxic. Air pollution particles are characterized by size, with standards set for particles smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The particles and gases that comprise air pollution are also included in the exposome, a global environmental assemblage of toxin exposure, starting at conception and extending across the life span. Some individuals or groups may be resistant to airborne toxins, as shown for elderly surviving cigarette smokers. The growing exposure to toxins from fossil fuels and tobacco since 1800 was concurrent with longevity increases. In essence, we have swapped mortality caused by infections for accelerated aging from fossil fuels and cigarettes. The toxic mechanisms in airborne particles are considered in the next chapters.
Published: 2018
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261. 2018 RAND Summer Institute Lecture Series

Author: Peter Adams, Caleb E. Finch, James M. Poterba, and Kenneth S. Kosik
Subjects: History, Library science
Abstract: The RAND Summer Institute (RSI) is comprised of conferences addressing critical issues facing our aging population. The primary aim of the RSI is to expose scholars interested in the study of aging to a wide range of research being conducted in fields beyond their own specialties. This video session is from the 25th Annual RAND Summer Institute, held July 9–12, 2018, in Santa Monica, California.
Published: 2018
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262. Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at sNN =7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV

Author: L, Adamczyk, J R, Adams, J K, Adkins, G, Agakishiev, M M, Aggarwal, Z, Ahammed, N N, Ajitanand, I, Alekseev, D M, Anderson, R, Aoyama, A, Aparin, D, Arkhipkin, E C, Aschenauer, M U, Ashraf, A, Attri, G S, Averichev, X, Bai, V, Bairathi, K, Barish, A, Behera, R, Bellwied, A, Bhasin, A K, Bhati, P, Bhattarai, J, Bielcik, J, Bielcikova, L C, Bland, I G, Bordyuzhin, J, Bouchet, J D, Brandenburg, A V, Brandin, D, Brown, I, Bunzarov, J, Butterworth, H, Caines, M, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J M, Campbell, D, Cebra, I, Chakaberia, P, Chaloupka, Z, Chang, N, Chankova-Bunzarova, A, Chatterjee, S, Chattopadhyay, J H, Chen, X, Chen, J, Cheng, M, Cherney, W, Christie, G, Contin, H J, Crawford, S, Das, L C, De Silva, R R, Debbe, T G, Dedovich, J, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, C, Dilks, X, Dong, J L, Drachenberg, J E, Draper, L E, Dunkelberger, J C, Dunlop, L G, Efimov, N, Elsey, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, R, Esha, S, Esumi, O, Evdokimov, J, Ewigleben, O, Eyser, R, Fatemi, S, Fazio, P, Federic, P, Federicova, J, Fedorisin, Z, Feng, P, Filip, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, C E, Flores, J, Fujita, L, Fulek, C A, Gagliardi, D, Garand, F, Geurts, A, Gibson, M, Girard, D, Grosnick, D S, Gunarathne, Y, Guo, S, Gupta, A, Gupta, W, Guryn, A I, Hamad, A, Hamed, A, Harlenderova, J W, Harris, L, He, S, Heppelmann, A, Hirsch, G W, Hoffmann, S, Horvat, X, Huang, H Z, Huang, T, Huang, B, Huang, T J, Humanic, P, Huo, G, Igo, W W, Jacobs, A, Jentsch, J, Jia, K, Jiang, S, Jowzaee, E G, Judd, S, Kabana, D, Kalinkin, K, Kang, D, Kapukchyan, K, Kauder, H W, Ke, D, Keane, A, Kechechyan, Z, Khan, D P, Kikoła, C, Kim, I, Kisel, A, Kisiel, L, Kochenda, M, Kocmanek, T, Kollegger, L K, Kosarzewski, A F, Kraishan, L, Krauth, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, N, Kulathunga, L, Kumar, J, Kvapil, J H, Kwasizur, R, Lacey, J M, Landgraf, K D, Landry, J, Lauret, A, Lebedev, R, Lednicky, J H, Lee, C, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, X, Li, J, Lidrych, T, Lin, M A, Lisa, P, Liu, F, Liu, H, Liu, Y, Liu, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, M, Lomnitz, R S, Longacre, X, Luo, S, Luo, G L, Ma, L, Ma, Y G, Ma, R, Ma, N, Magdy, R, Majka, D, Mallick, S, Margetis, C, Markert, H S, Matis, K, Meehan, J C, Mei, Z W, Miller, N G, Minaev, S, Mioduszewski, D, Mishra, S, Mizuno, B, Mohanty, M M, Mondal, D A, Morozov, M K, Mustafa, Md, Nasim, T K, Nayak, J M, Nelson, M, Nie, G, Nigmatkulov, T, Niida, L V, Nogach, T, Nonaka, S B, Nurushev, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, K, Oh, V A, Okorokov, D, Olvitt, B S, Page, R, Pak, Y, Pandit, Y, Panebratsev, B, Pawlik, H, Pei, C, Perkins, P, Pile, J, Pluta, K, Poniatowska, J, Porter, M, Posik, N K, Pruthi, M, Przybycien, J, Putschke, H, Qiu, A, Quintero, S, Ramachandran, R L, Ray, R, Reed, M J, Rehbein, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevskiy, J L, Romero, J D, Roth, L, Ruan, J, Rusnak, O, Rusnakova, N R, Sahoo, P K, Sahu, S, Salur, J, Sandweiss, E, Sangaline, M, Saur, J, Schambach, A M, Schmah, W B, Schmidke, N, Schmitz, B R, Schweid, J, Seger, M, Sergeeva, R, Seto, P, Seyboth, N, Shah, E, Shahaliev, P V, Shanmuganathan, M, Shao, M K, Sharma, A, Sharma, W Q, Shen, Z, Shi, S S, Shi, Q Y, Shou, E P, Sichtermann, R, Sikora, M, Simko, S, Singha, M J, Skoby, D, Smirnov, N, Smirnov, W, Solyst, L, Song, P, Sorensen, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, T D S, Stanislaus, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, T, Sugiura, M, Sumbera, B, Summa, X M, Sun, Y, Sun, X, Sun, B, Surrow, D N, Svirida, A H, Tang, Z, Tang, A, Taranenko, T, Tarnowsky, A, Tawfik, J, Thäder, J H, Thomas, A R, Timmins, D, Tlusty, T, Todoroki, M, Tokarev, S, Trentalange, R E, Tribble, P, Tribedy, S K, Tripathy, B A, Trzeciak, O D, Tsai, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, I, Upsal, G, Van Buren, G, van Nieuwenhuizen, A N, Vasiliev, F, Videbæk, S, Vokal, S A, Voloshin, A, Vossen, F, Wang, Y, Wang, G, Wang, J C, Webb, G, Webb, L, Wen, G D, Westfall, H, Wieman, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, Y, Wu, Z G, Xiao, G, Xie, W, Xie, Z, Xu, N, Xu, Y F, Xu, Q H, Xu, J, Xu, Q, Yang, C, Yang, S, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Ye, L, Yi, K, Yip, I-K, Yoo, N, Yu, H, Zbroszczyk, W, Zha, X P, Zhang, S, Zhang, J B, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhang, J, Zhao, C, Zhong, L, Zhou, C, Zhou, Z, Zhu, X, Zhu, M, Zyzak, Adamczyk, L., Adams, J. R., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ajitanand, N. N., Alekseev, I., Anderson, D. M., Aoyama, R., Aparin, A., Arkhipkin, D., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashraf, M. U., Attri, A., Averichev, G. S., Bai, X., Bairathi, V., Barish, K., Behera, A., Bellwied, R., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattarai, P., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bland, L. C., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Bouchet, J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Brown, D., Bunzarov, I., Butterworth, J., Caines, H., De La Barca Sánchez, M. C., Campbell, J. M., Cebra, D., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chang, Z., Chankova-Bunzarova, N., Chatterjee, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Cheng, J., Cherney, M., Christie, W., Contin, G., Crawford, H. J., Das, S., De Silva, L. C., Debbe, R. R., Dedovich, T. G., Deng, J., Derevschikov, A. A., Didenko, L., Dilks, C., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Draper, J. E., Dunkelberger, L. E., Dunlop, J. C., Efimov, L. G., Elsey, N., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Ewigleben, J., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Federic, P., Federicova, P., Fedorisin, J., Feng, Z., Filip, P., Finch, E., Fisyak, Y., Flores, C. E., Fujita, J., Fulek, L., Gagliardi, C. A., Garand, D., Geurts, F., Gibson, A., Girard, M., Grosnick, D., Gunarathne, D. S., Guo, Y., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Guryn, W., Hamad, A. I., Hamed, A., Harlenderova, A., Harris, J. W., He, L., Heppelmann, S., Hirsch, A., Hoffmann, G. W., Horvat, S., Huang, X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, T., Huang, B., Humanic, T. J., Huo, P., Igo, G., Jacobs, W. W., Jentsch, A., Jia, J., Jiang, K., Jowzaee, S., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kapukchyan, D., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Khan, Z., Kikoła, D. P., Kim, C., Kisel, I., Kisiel, A., Kochenda, L., Kocmanek, M., Kollegger, T., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kraishan, A. F., Krauth, L., Kravtsov, P., Krueger, K., Kulathunga, N., Kumar, L., Kvapil, J., Kwasizur, J. H., Lacey, R., Landgraf, J. M., Landry, K. D., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Li, C., Li, W., Li, Y., Li, X., Lidrych, J., Lin, T., Lisa, M. A., Liu, P., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, Y., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Lomnitz, M., Longacre, R. S., Luo, X., Luo, S., Ma, G. L., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Ma, R., Magdy, N., Majka, R., Mallick, D., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Matis, H. S., Meehan, K., Mei, J. C., Miller, Z. W., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, D., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, D. A., Mustafa, M. K., Nasim, Md., Nayak, T. K., Nelson, J. M., Nie, M., Nigmatkulov, G., Niida, T., Nogach, L. V., Nonaka, T., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, K., Okorokov, V. A., Olvitt, D., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pandit, Y., Panebratsev, Y., Pawlik, B., Pei, H., Perkins, C., Pile, P., Pluta, J., Poniatowska, K., Porter, J., Posik, M., Pruthi, N. K., Przybycien, M., Putschke, J., Qiu, H., Quintero, A., Ramachandran, S., Ray, R. L., Reed, R., Rehbein, M. J., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevskiy, O. V., Romero, J. L., Roth, J. D., Ruan, L., Rusnak, J., Rusnakova, O., Sahoo, N. R., Sahu, P. K., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Sangaline, E., Saur, M., Schambach, J., Schmah, A. M., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Schweid, B. R., Seger, J., Sergeeva, M., Seto, R., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, A., Shen, W. Q., Shi, Z., Shi, S. S., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Simko, M., Singha, S., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, D., Smirnov, N., Solyst, W., Song, L., Sorensen, P., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D. S., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Sugiura, T., Sumbera, M., Summa, B., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Svirida, D. N., Tang, A. H., Tang, Z., Taranenko, A., Tarnowsky, T., Tawfik, A., Thäder, J., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Todoroki, T., Tokarev, M., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., Van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Vasiliev, A. N., Videbæk, F., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Vossen, A., Wang, F., Wang, Y., Wang, G., Webb, J. C., Webb, G., Wen, L., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, Y., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, G., Xie, W., Xu, Z., Xu, N., Xu, Y. F., Xu, Q. H., Xu, J., Yang, Q., Yang, C., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Ye, Z., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yoo, I. -K., Yu, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, S., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhong, C., Zhou, L., Zhou, C., Zhu, Z., Zhu, X., and Zyzak, M.
Subjects: jet quenching, RHIC, STAR, nuclear modification factor, heavy ions, heavy ion
Abstract: We report measurements of the nuclear modification factor R_{CP} for charged hadrons as well as identified π^{+(-)}, K^{+(-)}, and p(p[over ¯]) for Au+Au collision energies of sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. We observe a clear high-p_{T} net suppression in central collisions at 62.4 GeV for charged hadrons which evolves smoothly to a large net enhancement at lower energies. This trend is driven by the evolution of the pion spectra but is also very similar for the kaon spectra. While the magnitude of the proton R_{CP} at high p_{T} does depend on the collision energy, neither the proton nor the antiproton R_{CP} at high p_{T} exhibit net suppression at any energy. A study of how the binary collision-scaled high-p_{T} yield evolves with centrality reveals a nonmonotonic shape that is consistent with the idea that jet quenching is increasing faster than the combined phenomena that lead to enhancement.
Published: 2018

263. Transverse spin-dependent azimuthal correlations of charged pion pairs measured in p ↑ + p collisions at s=500 GeV

Author: L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, J.K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N.N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D.M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E.C. Aschenauer, M.U. Ashraf, A. Attri, G.S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L.C. Bland, I.G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J.D. Brandenburg, A.V. Brandin, D. Brown, J. Bryslawskyj, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J.M. Campbell, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, Z. Chang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, J.H. Chen, X. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, W. Christie, G. Contin, H.J. Crawford, T.G. Dedovich, J. Deng, I.M. Deppner, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, C. Dilks, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, J.E. Draper, J.C. Dunlop, L.G. Efimov, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, R. Esha, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, J. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, P. Federic, P. Federicova, J. Fedorisin, Z. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, C.E. Flores, J. Fujita, L. Fulek, C.A. Gagliardi, F. Geurts, A. Gibson, M. Girard, D. Grosnick, D.S. Gunarathne, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A.I. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Harlenderova, J.W. Harris, L. He, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, A. Hirsch, S. Horvat, X. Huang, H.Z. Huang, T. Huang, B. Huang, T.J. Humanic, P. Huo, G. Igo, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jentsch, J. Jia, K. Jiang, S. Jowzaee, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, Z. Khan, D.P. Kikoła, C. Kim, I. Kisel, A. Kisiel, L. Kochenda, M. Kocmanek, T. Kollegger, L.K. Kosarzewski, A.F. Kraishan, L. Krauth, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, N. Kulathunga, L. Kumar, J. Kvapil, J.H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, K.D. Landry, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J.H. Lee, W. Li, C. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, J. Lidrych, T. Lin, M.A. Lisa, Y. Liu, H. Liu, F. Liu, P. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, M. Lomnitz, R.S. Longacre, X. Luo, S. Luo, L. Ma, Y.G. Ma, G.L. Ma, R. Ma, N. Magdy, R. Majka, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, D. Mayes, K. Meehan, J.C. Mei, Z.W. Miller, N.G. Minaev, S. Mioduszewski, D. Mishra, S. Mizuno, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, D.A. Morozov, M.K. Mustafa, Md. Nasim, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, L.V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, K. Oh, V.A. Okorokov, D. Olvitt, Jr., B.S. Page, R. Pak, Y. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, B. Pawlik, H. Pei, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, K. Poniatowska, J. Porter, M. Posik, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, A. Quintero, S. Ramachandran, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, M.J. Rehbein, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, J.D. Roth, L. Ruan, J. Rusnak, O. Rusnakova, N.R. Sahoo, P.K. Sahu, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Saur, J. Schambach, A.M. Schmah, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, B.R. Schweid, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P.V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, W.Q. Shen, S.S. Shi, Z. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, E.P. Sichtermann, R. Sikora, M. Simko, S. Singha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, D. Smirnov, W. Solyst, P. Sorensen, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, D.J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, T. Sugiura, M. Sumbera, B. Summa, X. Sun, X.M. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D.N. Svirida, Z. Tang, A.H. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, A. Tawfik, J. Thäder, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, M. Tokarev, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, B. Tu, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, A.N. Vasiliev, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, A. Vossen, G. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, G. Webb, J.C. Webb, L. Wen, G.D. Westfall, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, Y. Wu, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, N. Xu, Y.F. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Z. Xu, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, I.-K. Yoo, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, J.B. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, C. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhou, X. Zhu, Z. Zhu, M. Zyzak, Adamczyk, L., Adams, J. R., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Ajitanand, N. N., Alekseev, I., Anderson, D. M., Aoyama, R., Aparin, A., Arkhipkin, D., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashraf, M. U., Attri, A., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Barish, K., Behera, A., Bellwied, R., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattarai, P., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bland, L. C., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Bouchet, J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Brown, D., Bryslawskyj, J., Bunzarov, I., Butterworth, J., Caines, H., Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M., Campbell, J. M., Cebra, D., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chang, Z., Chankova-Bunzarova, N., Chatterjee, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Cheng, J., Cherney, M., Christie, W., Contin, G., Crawford, H. J., Dedovich, T. G., Deng, J., Deppner, I. M., Derevschikov, A. A., Didenko, L., Dilks, C., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Draper, J. E., Dunlop, J. C., Efimov, L. G., Elsey, N., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Ewigleben, J., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Federic, P., Federicova, P., Fedorisin, J., Feng, Z., Filip, P., Finch, E., Fisyak, Y., Flores, C. E., Fujita, J., Fulek, L., Gagliardi, C. A., Geurts, F., Gibson, A., Girard, M., Grosnick, D., Gunarathne, D. S., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Guryn, W., Hamad, A. I., Hamed, A., Harlenderova, A., Harris, J. W., He, L., Heppelmann, S., Herrmann, N., Hirsch, A., Horvat, S., Huang, X., Huang, H. Z., Huang, T., Huang, B., Humanic, T. J., Huo, P., Igo, G., Jacobs, W. W., Jentsch, A., Jia, J., Jiang, K., Jowzaee, S., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kapukchyan, D., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Khan, Z., Kikoła, D. P., Kim, C., Kisel, I., Kisiel, A., Kochenda, L., Kocmanek, M., Kollegger, T., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kraishan, A. F., Krauth, L., Kravtsov, P., Krueger, K., Kulathunga, N., Kumar, L., Kvapil, J., Kwasizur, J. H., Lacey, R., Landgraf, J. M., Landry, K. D., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Li, W., Li, C., Li, X., Li, Y., Lidrych, J., Lin, T., Lisa, M. A., Liu, Y., Liu, H., Liu, F., Liu, P., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Lomnitz, M., Longacre, R. S., Luo, X., Luo, S., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Ma, G. L., Ma, R., Magdy, N., Majka, R., Mallick, D., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Matis, H. S., Mayes, D., Meehan, K., Mei, J. C., Miller, Z. W., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, D., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, D. A., Mustafa, M. K., Nasim, Md., Nayak, T. K., Nelson, J. M., Nemes, D. B., Nie, M., Nigmatkulov, G., Niida, T., Nogach, L. V., Nonaka, T., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, K., Okorokov, V. A., Olvitt, D., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pandit, Y., Panebratsev, Y., Pawlik, B., Pei, H., Perkins, C., Pluta, J., Poniatowska, K., Porter, J., Posik, M., Pruthi, N. K., Przybycien, M., Putschke, J., Quintero, A., Ramachandran, S., Ray, R. L., Reed, R., Rehbein, M. J., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevskiy, O. V., Romero, J. L., Roth, J. D., Ruan, L., Rusnak, J., Rusnakova, O., Sahoo, N. R., Sahu, P. K., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Saur, M., Schambach, J., Schmah, A. M., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Schweid, B. R., Seger, J., Sergeeva, M., Seto, R., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Shen, W. Q., Shi, S. S., Shi, Z., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Simko, M., Singha, S., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, N., Smirnov, D., Solyst, W., Sorensen, P., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D. S., Stewart, D. J., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Suaide, A. A. P., Sugiura, T., Sumbera, M., Summa, B., Sun, X., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y., Surrow, B., Svirida, D. N., Tang, Z., Tang, A. H., Taranenko, A., Tarnowsky, T., Tawfik, A., Thäder, J., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Todoroki, T., Tokarev, M., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Tu, B., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Vasiliev, A. N., Videbæk, F., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Vossen, A., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Wang, F., Webb, G., Webb, J. C., Wen, L., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, Y., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, G., Xie, W., Xu, N., Xu, Y. F., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yang, S., Yang, Q., Ye, Z., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yoo, I. -K., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. P., Zhao, J., Zhong, C., Zhou, C., Zhou, L., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z., and Zyzak, M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Transversity, Interference fragmentation function, Di-hadron correlations, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Di-hadron correlation, Nuclear Experiment, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in transversely polarized nucleons, is a fundamental component of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by global fits to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. In transversely polarized p↑+p collisions it can be accessed using transverse polarization dependent fragmentation functions which give rise to azimuthal correlations between the polarization of the struck parton and the final state scalar mesons.This letter reports on spin dependent di-hadron correlations measured by the STAR experiment. The new dataset corresponds to 25 pb−1 integrated luminosity of p↑+p collisions at s=500 GeV, an increase of more than a factor of ten compared to our previous measurement at s=200 GeV. Non-zero asymmetries sensitive to transversity are observed at a Q2 of several hundred GeV and are found to be consistent with the former measurement and a model calculation. We expect that these data will enable an extraction of transversity with comparable precision to current SIDIS datasets but at much higher momentum transfers where subleading effects are suppressed. Keywords: Transversity, Di-hadron correlations, Interference fragmentation function
Published: 2018

264. Investigating Local Parity Violation in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using Lambda Helicity

Author: S. J. Murray and L. E. Finch
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Charge separation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Parity (physics), Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Helicity, Magnetic field, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Experimental correlation, Heavy ion, Magnetic effect, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We propose the measurement of net $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ helicity, correlated event-by-event with the magnitude and sign of charge separation along the event's magnetic field direction, as a probe to investigate the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy-Ion Collisions. With a simple simulation model of heavy-ion events that includes effects of Local Parity Violation, we estimate the experimental correlation signal that could be expected at RHIC given the results of previous measurements that are sensitive to the CME., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2018
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265. Air Pollution in Diseases of Aging

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Smoke, Lung, Amyloid, business.industry, Air pollution, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Environmental health, Medicine, Cigarette smoke, Alzheimer's disease, business, Lung cancer, Secondhand smoke, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke accelerate many of the same degenerative diseases as those of aging arteries and brains. Mechanisms include shared inflammatory changes in the fatty plaques of arteries and amyloid plaques of Alzheimer disease, as well as increased production of the amyloid β-peptide. The third smoke, biomass burning in household air pollution, is most associated with lung dysfunction. Interactions of air pollution and cigarettes show more than additive impact on lung cancer and body weight. These synergies suggest a major role for secondhand smoke in the health agenda for air pollution.
Published: 2018
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266. P2-108: USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO ASSESS BRAIN VOLUMETRICS IN AGING

Author: Jonathan Stieglitz, Hillard Kaplan, Andrei Irimia, Michael I. Miyamoto, Juan Copajira Adrian, Sarah Alami, Caleb E. Finch, Meng Law, Helena Chang Chui, Ben C. Trumble, Kenneth A. Rostowsky, Alexander S. Maher, Nahian F. Chowdhury, Michael Gurven, Chris J. Rowan, James D. Sutherland, Adel H. Allam, Giuseppe Barisano, Edmond Seabright, Angela R. Garcia, M. Linda Sutherland, Wendy J. Mack, Daniel K. Cummings, and Daniel Eid Rodriguez
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, medicine.diagnostic_test, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, medicine, Computed tomography, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Nuclear medicine, business
Published: 2019
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267. P3-134: APOE GENOTYPE AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN TSIMANE AND MOSETEN OF BOLIVIA

Author: Gregory S. Thomas, Edmond Seabright, Daniel K. Cummings, Andrei Irimia, Caleb E. Finch, David E. Michalik, Anne E. Justice, Wendy J. Mack, Heather M. Highland, L. Samuel Wann, Ben C. Trumble, Randall C. Thompson, M. Linda Sutherland, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Hillard Kaplan, Helena C. Chui, Raul Quispe Gutierrez, Jonathan Stieglitz, Michael Gurven, Kari E. North, James D. Sutherland, Juan Copajira Adrian, Margaret Gatz, Guido P. Lombardi, and Bruno Frohlich
Subjects: Apolipoprotein E, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Genotype, Neurology (clinical), Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Biology, Demography
Published: 2019
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268. Comparison of seed and seedling functional traits in native Helianthus species and the crop H. annuus (sunflower)

Author: Charlotte E. Seal, Hugh W. Pritchard, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo, and William E. Finch-Savage
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Perennial plant, Germination, Plant Science, Biology, Asteraceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Helianthus, Scarification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Seed dormancy, Temperature, food and beverages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Plant Dormancy, Sunflower, Horticulture, Seedling, Seedlings, Seeds, Dormancy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Seed functional traits of native Helianthus species contribute towards ecosystem services but limitations to their use in managed programmes exist. Many perennial Helianthus possess seed dormancy. The ability for germination to occur under different temperature and drought conditions, as well as the capacity of germinated seeds to convert into normal seedlings is rarely considered. Our aim was to identify and quantify these constraints through functional trait analyses. In five seed lots of native Helianthus (four perennial and one annual) and five genotypes of sunflower (H. annuus) for comparison, dormancy, thermal and hydro thresholds and times, morphology, mass, oil content and conversion into normal seedlings were quantified. The influence of the seed collection site environment on these traits was also explored. Seed dormancy of the perennial species was overcome by scarification followed by germination in 5 mm GA3. Thermal and hydro‐time analyses revealed slower germination for the native seed lots (>1350 °Ch) in comparison to the sunflower genotypes (
Published: 2017

269. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases

Author: Jean Mariani, Christian J. Pike, David Warburton, Adam J. Lundquist, Mathias Mericskay, Josiane Cillard, Joanna M. S. Davies, Rachael Cayce, Jean Rosenbaum, David Huang, Etienne C. Hirsch, Steven Burstein, Andrew Fishmann, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Jean Cadet, Laura C.D. Pomatto, Bertrand Friguet, Enrique Cadenas, Henry Jay Forman, Onnik Agbulut, Delphine Sauce, Giselle M. Petzinger, Anne-Laure Bulteau, Michael W. Jakowec, Zhenlin Li, Matthew R. Halliday, Amélie Rébillard, Florian Sennlaub, Kelvin J.A. Davies, Pierre Cillard, Christian Neri, Anne Negre Salvayre, Caleb E. Finch, Nicolaus A. Jakowec, David Liao, Jacqueline Capeau, Patrick Y. Sun, Robert A. Kloner, Fulvio Ursini, Christina Economides, Frédéric Derbré, Pinchas Cohen, Mustapha Rouis, Ellsworth Grant, Matilde Maiorino, Isabelle Limon, University of Southern California (USC), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Huntington Medical Research Institute, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et physiopathologie cardiovasculaire (UMRS1180), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fondation de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ligue Contre le Cancer, National Parkinson Foundation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, American Foundation for Aging Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U01HL122681, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, R01AG034430, National Institute on Aging, DGE-1418060, National Science Foundation, Pasadena Guild, Don Roberto Gonzalez and Family Foundation, the webb foundation, ES023864, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, The Garland Foundation, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Conseil Régional de Bretagne, DOD-PC160353U, U.S. Department of Defense, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Université de Rennes - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR Pharmacie), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Jonchère, Laurent, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SIGNALISATION ET PHYSIOPATHOLOGIE CARDIOVASCULAIRE (UMRS1180, LabEx LERMIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Aging, French Paradox, Psychoanalysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Early death, Review Article, 80 and over, French paradox, Aged, 80 and over, Low dose, Middle Aged, Oxygen Paradox, Adaptation, Physiological, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], High-Protein, Diet, High-Protein, Female, France, Free Radicals, Physiological, Hypercholesterolemia, and over, Adaptive Homeostasis, Age-related diseases, Ageing, Healthspan, Oxidative stress, Proteostasis, Aged, Geriatric Assessment, Humans, Oxidative Stress, Oxygen, Risk Assessment, Geriatrics and Gerontology, 03 medical and health sciences, Age related, Adaptation, proteostasis, Geriatrics gerontology, Biological phenomenon, Biological signal transduction, Human physiology, Diet, Good Health and Well Being, 030104 developmental biology, Generic health relevance
Abstract: International audience; A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.
Published: 2017
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270. The Role of Global Air Pollution in Aging and Disease : Reading Smoke Signals

Author: Caleb E. Finch and Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Aging, Air--Pollution, Pulmonary toxicology
Abstract: Global Air Pollution in Aging: Reading Smoke Signals is a complete reference connecting environmental pollution research to the human aging process. Since 1800, lifespans have more than doubled as infections declined and medicine improved. But the 20th century introduced a new global scourge of air pollution from fossil fuels with the potential to damage arteries, hearts and lungs that has been related to chronic exposure of air pollution from fossil fuels. Risk areas of study include childhood obesity, brain damage associated with air pollution, increased risk for autism in children and dementia in older adults. In humans and animals, air pollution stimulates chronic inflammation in different organs, and genetic vulnerability to air pollution is being recognized, particularly for carriers of the Alzheimer risk gene ApoE4. - Connects environmental pollution research to the human aging process - Raises new issues relevant to the controversies on air pollution and global warming, challenging assumptions that lifespan will continue to increase in the 21st Century - Examines the burden of air pollution to disadvantaged populations, with anticipated greater impact in developing countries which rely on fossil fuels for economic development in future decades
Published: 2018

271. Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation

Author: George W. Bassel and William E. Finch-Savage
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biophysical Phenomena, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, Hybrid Vigor, Domestication, SB, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, business.industry, Crop yield, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Adaptation, Physiological, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Germination, Agriculture, Seeds, Trait, Adaptation, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Seeds are central to crop production, human nutrition, and food security. A key component of the performance of crop seeds is the complex trait of seed vigour. Crop yield and resource use efficiency depend on successful plant establishment in the field, and it is the vigour of seeds that defines their ability to germinate and establish seedlings rapidly, uniformly, and robustly across diverse environmental conditions. Improving vigour to enhance the critical and yield-defining stage of crop establishment remains a primary objective of the agricultural industry and the seed/breeding companies that support it. Our knowledge of the regulation of seed germination has developed greatly in recent times, yet understanding of the basis of variation in vigour and therefore seed performance during the establishment of crops remains limited. Here we consider seed vigour at an ecophysiological, molecular, and biomechanical level. We discuss how some seed characteristics that serve as adaptive responses to the natural environment are not suitable for agriculture. Past domestication has provided incremental improvements, but further actively directed change is required to produce seeds with the characteristics required both now and in the future. We discuss ways in which basic plant science could be applied to enhance seed performance in crop production.
Published: 2015
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272. The perimenopausal aging transition in the female rat brain: decline in bioenergetic systems and synaptic plasticity

Author: Tao Feng, Todd E. Morgan, Enrique Cadenas, Harsh Sancheti, Wendy J. Mack, Fei Yin, Jia Yao, Roberta Diaz Brinton, Christian J. Pike, Caleb E. Finch, and Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
Subjects: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Long-Term Potentiation, Gene Expression, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Mitochondrion, Biology, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reproductive senescence, AMP-activated protein kinase, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Animals, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neuronal Plasticity, Bioenergetic systems, General Neuroscience, Fatty Acids, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Long-term potentiation, Lipid Metabolism, medicine.disease, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Mitochondria, Perimenopause, Glucose, Endocrinology, Models, Animal, Synaptic plasticity, biology.protein, Female, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, Energy Metabolism, Neuroscience, Transcription Factors, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The perimenopause is an aging transition unique to the female that leads to reproductive senescence which can be characterized by multiple neurological symptoms. To better understand potential underlying mechanisms of neurological symptoms of perimenopause, the present study determined genomic, biochemical, brain metabolic, and electrophysiological transformations that occur during this transition using a rat model recapitulating fundamental characteristics of the human perimenopause. Gene expression analyses indicated two distinct aging programs: chronological and endocrine. A critical period emerged during the endocrine transition from regular to irregular cycling characterized by decline in bioenergetic gene expression, confirmed by deficits in fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain metabolism, mitochondrial function, and long-term potentiation. Bioinformatic analysis predicted insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (AMPK/PGC1α) signaling pathways as upstream regulators. Onset of acyclicity was accompanied by a rise in genes required for fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Subsequent chronological aging resulted in decline of genes required for mitochondrial function and β-amyloid degradation. Emergence of glucose hypometabolism and impaired synaptic function in brain provide plausible mechanisms of neurological symptoms of perimenopause and may be predictive of later-life vulnerability to hypometabolic conditions such as Alzheimer's.
Published: 2015
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273. The Orthopedic Diseases of Ancient Egypt

Author: L. Samuel Wann, Mahmoud Akl, Abdel-Halim Nur el-din, Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, Adel H. Allam, Ibrahim H. A. Badr, James D. Sutherland, M. Linda Sutherland, Caleb E. Finch, Heshem Hamoud, Gregory S. Thomas, Randall C. Thompson, Klaus O. Fritsch, Muhammad Al-Tohamy Soliman, and Alexander Grossmann
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, business.industry, Vertebral compression fracture, Elbow, Scoliosis, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Osteochondritis dissecans, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Arthropathy, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Rotator cuff, Anatomy, Ankle, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background: CT scanning of ancient human remains has the potential to provide insights into health and diseases. While Egyptian mummies have undergone CT scans in prior studies, a systematic survey of the orthopedic conditions afflicting a group of these ancient individuals has never been carried out. Methods: We performed whole body CT scanning on 52 ancient Egyptian mummies using technique comparable to that of medical imaging. All of the large joints and the spine were systematically examined and osteoarthritic (OA) changes were scored 0-4 using Kellgren and Lawrence classification. Results: The cruciate ligaments and menisci could be identified frequently. There were much more frequent OA changes in the spine (25 mummies) than in the large joints (15 cases of acromioclavicular and/or glenohumeral joint OA changes, five involvement of the ankle, one in the elbow, four in the knee, and one in the hip). There were six cases of scoliosis. Individual mummies had the following conditions: juvenile aseptic necrosis of the hip (Perthes disease), stage 4 osteochondritis dissecans of the knee, vertebral compression fracture, lateral patella-femoral joint hyper-compression syndrome, severe rotator cuff arthropathy, rotator cuff impingement, hip pincer impingement, and combined fracture of the greater trochantor and vertebral bodies indicating obvious traumatic injury. This report includes the most ancient discovery of several of these syndromes. Conclusions: Ancient Egyptians often suffered painful orthopedic conditions. The high frequency of scoliosis merits further study. The pattern of degenerative changes in the spine and joints may offer insights into activity levels of these people. Anat Rec, 298:1036–1046, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2015
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274. The Tres Ventanas Mummies of Peru

Author: Ricardo Rivera, Caleb E. Finch, Bernadino Ojeda, Guido P. Lombardi, Gregory S. Thomas, Robert A. Benfer, Randall C. Thompson, and L. Samuel Wann
Subjects: Human diversity, Histology, Geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cave, Context (language use), Anatomy, Paleopathology, Archaeology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology
Abstract: The Tres Ventanas mummies of Peru are thought to be among the oldest mummies in existence, dating to between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. A preliminary assessment is made of the potential of these mummies for use in future research on mummified remains. Although the Tres Ventanas cave and the four mummies were explored and then excavated by Frederic Engel in 1966-67, and the project is named in his honor as the "Engel Study Group", the importance of both the physical remains and the context in which they were found has only come to light in the last few years. Most important is the paleopathological examination of these remains, since these mummies are found in a high altitude area of Peru where adaptation to the limited partial pressure of oxygen is perhaps a key component in broadening our understanding of human diversity in past populations.
Published: 2015
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275. Did That Brownie Do Its Job? Stress, Eating, and the Biobehavioral Effects of Comfort Food

Author: Laura E. Finch, A. Janet Tomiyama, and Jenna R. Cummings
Subjects: Job stress, Nonhuman animal, education, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Human research, Emotional eating, Psychology, Developmental psychology
Abstract: Comfort eating is a widespread behavior, but does it actually work? The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the existing research on the potentially comforting effects of comfort food. We begin by summarizing the existing nonhuman animal research in this area, and then summarize the human research. On the basis of this foundational research, we provide a conceptual model of comfort eating that can be used as a hypothesis-generating tool to guide future research. Finally, we highlight what we consider to be the most exciting future directions in comfort eating. These include (i) determining whether comfort eating is trait-like or state-like, (ii) understanding the antecedents and sequelae of comfort eating, (iii) elucidating the types of food implicated in comfort eating, (iv) creating linkages between comfort eating and comfort drinking, (v) incorporating measures of the autonomic nervous and immune systems in addition to the current focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, (vi) studying both short-term and long-term effects, and (vii) testing the biological and psychological mechanisms of comfort eating. Given that comfort eating has been practiced for centuries, we conclude that the time is ripe to advance the science of comfort eating. Keywords: comfort eating; stress eating; emotional eating; HPA axis; cortisol; stress-response dampening; food; alcohol
Published: 2015
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276. Perfect power Riesel numbers

Author: Carrie E. Finch and Lenny Jones
Subjects: Combinatorics, Discrete mathematics, Algebra and Number Theory, Conjecture, Integer, Perfect power, Coprime integers, Riesel number, Mathematics
Abstract: A Riesel number k is an odd positive integer such that k ⋅ 2 n − 1 is composite for all integers n ≥ 1 . In 2003, Chen proved that there are infinitely many Riesel numbers of the form k r , when r ≢ 0 , 4 , 6 , 8 ( mod 12 ) , and he conjectured that such Riesel powers exist for all positive integers r. In 2008, Filaseta, Finch and Kozek extended Chen's theorem slightly by constructing Riesel numbers of the form k 4 and k 6 . In 2009, Wu and Sun provided more evidence to support Chen's conjecture by showing that there exist infinitely many Riesel numbers of the form k r for any positive integer r that is coprime to 15 015 . In this article, we extend the results of Wu and Sun by proving that there exist infinitely many Riesel numbers of the form k r for any positive integer r that is coprime to 105.
Published: 2015
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277. Traffic-related air pollution and brain development

Author: Todd E. Morgan, Nicholas C. Woodward, and Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, prenatal, brain, Psychological intervention, PM2.5, Bioinformatics, Neuroprotection, Article, Developmental psychology, body weight, 11. Sustainability, Epidemiology, Medicine, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, business.industry, Cognition, traffic-related air pollution, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Low birth weight, Schizophrenia, inflammation, ultrafine PM, Autism, Animal studies, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Automotive traffic-related air pollution (TRP) imposes an increasing health burden with global urbanization. Gestational and early child exposure to urban TRP is associated with higher risk of autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, as well as low birth weight. While cardio-respiratory effects from exposure are well documented, cognitive effects are only recently becoming widely recognized. This review discusses effects of TRP on brain and cognition in human and animal studies. The mechanisms underlying these epidemiological associations are studied with rodent models of pre- and neonatal exposure to TRP, which show persisting inflammatory changes and altered adult behaviors and cognition. Some behavioral and inflammatory changes show male bias. Rodent models may identify dietary and other interventions for neuroprotection to TRP.
Published: 2015
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278. Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Children’s Toys and Jewelry: A Multi-Instrument, Multitechnique Exercise in Analytical Chemistry and Public Health

Author: Michael C. Leopold, Margot M. Hillyer, and Lauren E. Finch
Subjects: Quantitative analysis (finance), Process (engineering), Chemistry, Active learning, Analytical chemistry, Analytical Chemistry (journal), Heavy metals, Sample (statistics), General Chemistry, Curriculum, Education, Public interest
Abstract: For most chemistry curricula, laboratory-based activities in quantitative and instrumental analysis continue to be an important aspect of student development/training, one that can be more effective if conceptual understanding is delivered through an inquiry-based process relating the material to relevant issues of public interest and student career trajectories. Laboratory experiences that actively engage students in this manner can be difficult to identify and execute. A special topics, project-based laboratory module is presented here that utilizes multiple techniques and instruments to investigate toxic metal content (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in children’s toys and toy jewelry. The module effectively illustrates a considerable number of fundamental and advanced quantitative analysis principles including sample digestion, Beer–Lambert law, calibration curve, and standard addition analyses, as well as instrumental analysis considerations of atomic absorption spectroscopy including atomization efficie...
Published: 2015
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279. A soil moisture accounting-procedure with a Richards' equation-based soil texture-dependent parameterization

Author: Corinne D. Oldham, Todd H. Skaggs, Lucy E. Finch, Simon A. Quinn, Simon A. Mathias, and Sorcha N. C. Egan
Subjects: Soil texture, business.industry, Plant uptake, Accounting, Soil science, Zero flux plane, Recharge, Richards' equation, Pedotransfer function, Unsaturated flow, Percolation, Evapotranspiration, Soil water, Richards equation, Surface runoff, business, Water content, Water Science and Technology, Mathematics
Abstract: Given a time-series of potential evapotranspiration and rainfall data, there are at least two approaches for estimating vertical percolation rates. One approach involves solving Richards' equation (RE) with a plant uptake model. An alternative approach involves applying a simple soil moisture accounting procedure (SMAP) based on a set of conceptual stores and conditional statements. It is often desirable to parameterize distributed vertical percolation models using regional soil texture maps. This can be achieved using pedotransfer functions when applying RE. However, robust soil texture based parameterizations for more simple SMAPs have not previously been available. This article presents a new SMAP designed to emulate the response of a one-dimensional homogenous RE model. Model parameters for 231 different soil textures are obtained by calibrating the SMAP model to 20 year time-series from equivalent RE model simulations. The results are then validated by comparing to an additional 13 years of simulated RE model data. The resulting work provides a new simple two parameter (% sand and % silt) SMAP, which provides consistent vertical percolation data as compared to RE based models. Results from the 231 numerical simulations are also found to be qualitatively consistent with intuitive ideas concerning soil texture and soil moisture dynamics. Vertical percolation rates are found to be highest in sandy soils. Sandy soils are found to provide less water for evapotranspiration. Surface runoff is found to be more important in soils with high clay content.
Published: 2015
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280. Is sensitive caregiving in child care associated with children's effortful control skills? An exploration of linear and threshold effects

Author: Jenna E. Finch, Anna D. Johnson, and Deborah A. Phillips
Subjects: Child care, Sociology and Political Science, Control (management), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Observational study, Psychology, Education, Clinical psychology, Developmental psychology
Abstract: This study examined associations between caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness in child care experienced at age 4 and children's effortful control skills at age 5, among 154 preschoolers who attended community-based child care settings. Sensitive caregiving was measured using a modified version of the Observational Ratings of the Caregiving Environment and children's effortful control skills were assessed using both a parent questionnaire and a laboratory assessment. Results suggest that effortful control is sensitive to thresholds of caregiver sensitivity. Specifically, positive associations between caregiver sensitivity and effortful control skills a year later were observed only for children in settings with relatively high-quality caregiver sensitivity. These findings suggest that supporting the development of children's effortful control skills may require exposure to child care that exceeds typical levels of caregiving quality experienced by young children in the United States.
Published: 2015
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281. High Statistics Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–500 GeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: K. H. Guo, A. Lebedev, Dong-Chul Son, Y. Y. Fan, Massimo Gervasi, L. Tao, M. Capell, L. Accardo, C. Sbarra, Yun Shi, Antje Putze, B. Coste, I. Guerri, H. Jinchi, D. Haas, V. Vagelli, G. La Vacca, A. Malinin, A. Piluso, R. Pilastrini, I. Cernuda, I. Lazzizzera, Carlos Díaz, W. De Boer, David Maurin, E. Valente, M. Bourquin, Laurent Derome, D. Grandi, M. Xie, I. Gebauer, X. M. Qi, G. Schwering, J. Bazo, P. G. Rancoita, M. S. Krafczyk, Wei Li, C. Mañá, E. Fiandrini, J. C. Marin, W. Gillard, T. Urban, V. Choutko, B. Bertucci, W. H. Sun, Q. Meng, R. Q. Xiong, Franck Cadoux, P. Nunes, Teimuraz Lomtadze, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, C. Türkoʇlu, G. Castellini, M. Bizzarri, Won Kyu Calvin Sun, P. Goglov, Mayda Velasco, Federico Cindolo, W. Y. Jang, S. S. Vaurynovich, H. S. Chen, F. Spinella, V. Cascioli, Benjamin Monreal, N. Nikonov, Liqiu Wang, Veronica Bindi, Kwangsoo Kim, Chia-Hui Lin, M. J. Chae, C. Guandalini, M. Duranti, E. Pedreschi, G. Boella, Sadakazu Haino, E. Laudi, Y. J. Yu, Lucio Rossi, S. Xie, G. Coignet, M. Paniccia, Xiaoping Wang, G. Laurenti, S. Zeissler, D. Schuckardt, V. Poireau, Q. H. Ye, J. Gong, F. Giovacchini, Roald Z. Sagdeev, Luca Morescalchi, D. Aisa, C. Goy, R. J. García-López, F. Palmonari, S. Della Torre, X. W. Tang, M. Pauluzzi, Samuel C.C. Ting, Y. H. Chang, Zhixiang Tang, Fei Zhou, F. Massera, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, S. M. Schmidt, G. Ambrosi, V. Vitale, M. Orcinha, J. Q. Li, Valery Zhukov, J. P. Vialle, K. Bollweg, Gongming Xin, H. L. Li, Markus Battarbee, Paolo Zuccon, L. Di Masso, G. Gallucci, L. Basara, G. Volpini, R. Clavero, T. Siedenburg, A. Rozhkov, E. Finch, J. H. Zhang, Davide Rozza, S. Lim, I. Rodríguez, L. Farnesini, S. Borsini, Claudio Corti, A. Fiasson, Z. M. Zheng, A. Obermeier, K. Andeen, A. Contin, D. D'Urso, Mingming Yang, J. Feng, M. Pohl, Z. L. Weng, D. Rapin, V. Plyaskin, E. Postaci, Zheng Wang, X. Y. Shi, Philipp Azzarello, Matthias Heil, Mauro Tacconi, B. S. Shan, J. Casaus, M. Graziani, T. Kirn, G. M. Cheng, Matteo Boschini, J. Wienkenhöver, N. Masi, F. Luo, A. I. Chen, Zhiqi Huang, L. Barrin, M. B. Demirköz, A. Papi, Z. H. He, F. Nozzoli, C. Zurbach, A. Alvino, Hengchang Liu, P. Lipari, S. Bizzaglia, T. X. Li, Varlen Grabski, C. Pizzolotto, T. Eronen, X. Xia, C. Consolandi, A. Schulz von Dratzig, K. Kanishev, Yu. Galaktionov, Lin Cheng, Nicola Tomassetti, Z. Q. Yu, D. C. Mo, Y. Li, W. Xu, Roberto Battiston, J. Berdugo, K. C. Han, S. C. Lee, H. T. Lee, Dong Liu, Behcet Alpat, R. Pereira, Q. L. Wang, S. Di Falco, H. Yi, B. Borgia, F. Spada, J. J. Torsti, S. Pensotti, Antonino Zichichi, S. M. Ting, C. Delgado, S. Schael, A. Ghelfi, S. S. Lv, J. Hoffman, N. Attig, F. Cervelli, Zhijun Zhang, P. Mott, J. Sandweiss, Henning Gast, Tim Martin, Y. H. Shan, G. Scolieri, J. Q. Ni, C. H. Chung, A. Oliva, M. T. Zhang, U. Becker, Fernando Barão, J. S. Ricol, M. Behlmann, D. Cerreta, Ningsheng Xu, Thomas Lippert, C. Leluc, F. J. Eppling, B. Beischer, V. Bonnivard, H. Y. Chou, R. Henning, R. D. Majka, M. Dai, Z. Cui, O. Kounina, G. Rybka, M. Müller, H. Wu, P. Saouter, Peter H. Fisher, K. Luebelsmeyer, D. Tescaro, M. Aguilar, Ruiguang Wang, F. Dimiccoli, K. Whitman, E. Choumilov, R. Kossakowski, G. N. Kim, H. L. Zhuang, A. Barrau, M. J. Lu, A. Bartoloni, Bruce Rafael Mellado Garcia, Luísa Arruda, M. Lolli, C. P. Tang, S. Kunz, A. Eline, Timothy H. Hsieh, J. Y. Shi, J. Yang, A. Chikanian, Gianpaolo Carosi, Changgi Huh, J. Z. Luo, Z. Y. Li, Lucio Quadrani, M. Habiby, A. Bachlechner, X. B. Zhang, Eun-Suk Seo, Ying Lu, S. Rosier-Lees, V. Koutsenko, Eino Valtonen, Z. H. Li, Qiang Li, J. D. Burger, W. J. Du, K. Y. Wu, Manuela Vecchi, C. Vannini, P. von Doetinchem, X. D. Cai, Giuseppe Levi, G. Martinez, C. Palomares, C. Clark, Andrei Kounine, Q. Yan, G. Bigongiari, S. Caroff, N. Zimmermann, M. Incagli, Maria Ionica, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Haas, Daniel, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Accardo, L, Aguilar, M, Aisa, D, Alpat, B, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Bizzarri, M, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Borsini, S, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Carosi, G, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cerreta, D, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, H, Cheng, G, Cheng, L, Chikanian, A, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Cindolo, F, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Masso, L, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, W, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Eline, A, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, Fan, Y, Farnesini, L, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guandalini, C, Guerri, I, Guo, K, Haas, D, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Henning, R, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, Kunz, S, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Levi, G, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lolli, M, Lomtadze, T, Lu, M, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Massera, F, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D, Monreal, B, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Müller, M, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Pilastrini, R, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Postaci, E, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rodríguez, I, Rosier Lees, S, Rossi, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Rybka, G, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Sbarra, C, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schuckardt, D, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shan, Y, Shi, J, Shi, X, Shi, Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, C, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Volpini, G, Wang, L, Wang, Q, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Wu, K, Xia, X, Xie, M, Xie, S, Xiong, R, Xin, G, Xu, N, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Q, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, M, Zhang, X, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhou, F, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C, L. Accardo, M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. d. Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, G. Carosi, J. Casau, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, F. Cindolo, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. D. Torre, M. B. Demirkoz, L. Derome, S. D. Falco, L. D. Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Diaz, P. v. Doetinchem, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D'Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. Garcia, R. Garcia-Lopez, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haa, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, R. Henning, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, T. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. L. Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, G. Levi, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mana, J. Marin, T. Martin, G. Martinez, N. Masi, F. Massera, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, B. Monreal, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Muller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nune, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomare, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, R. Pilastrini, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodriguez, S. Rosier-Lee, L. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, G. Rybka, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandwei, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. S. von, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, S. C. C., S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Turkoglu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, G. Volpini, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhover, H. Wu, K. Y. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, F. Zhou, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, C. Zurbach, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik [Karlsruhe] (EKP), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CERN [Genève], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 3 (INFN, Sezione di Roma 3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Turku, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), INFN Sezione di Pisa (INFN Sezione di Pisa), University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire [Genève] (DPNC), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica [Firenze] (INO-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), EWHA Womans University (EWHA), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Academia Sinica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and AMS
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, cosmic rays studies, Cosmic ray, Electron, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, Space mission, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Positron, International Space Station, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, Dark matter, ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, AMS, Cosmic rays, Positron fraction, antimatter and dark matter, positrons, Physics, Range (particle radiation), ta115, Magnetic spectrometer, ELECTRONS, Cosmic rays, Positron fraction, International Space Station, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Satellite, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A precision measurement by AMS of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 500 GeV based on 10.9 million positron and electron events is presented. This measurement extends the energy range of our previous observation and increases its precision. The new results show, for the first time, that above ∼200 GeV the positron fraction no longer exhibits an increase with energy.
Published: 2016
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282. Dijet imbalance measurements in Au+Au and pp collisions at sNN=200 GeV at STAR

Author: Jana Bielcikova, N. Xu, P. Filip, Guannan Xie, J. L. Romero, Xuan Zhang, Anik Gupta, P. Pile, G. D. Westfall, Madan M. Aggarwal, Xiaofeng Luo, E. Finch, L. Yi, Xuedong Bai, Robert Vertesi, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, J. M. Campbell, Jun Deng, T. Nonaka, Frank Jm Geurts, Wei Xie, A. Aparin, Y. Pandit, N. Schmitz, E. Shahaliev, Guo-Liang Ma, Fuqiang Wang, D. K. Mishra, J. W. Harris, Q. H. Xu, P. Sorensen, J. Xu, J. Engelage, H. G. Ritter, A. S. Hirsch, P. Kravtsov, A. M. Schmah, A. Manion, D. Kalinkin, T. G. Dedovich, Xiaofeng Zhu, Xiangming Sun, Mukesh Sharma, G. Wang, S. Heppelmann, J. Porter, Rafal Sikora, K. Meehan, G. Nigmatkulov, R. Reed, P. Bhattarai, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, T. D. S. Stanislaus, B. J. Summa, K. Poniatowska, S. K. Gupta, A. Vossen, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, A. Ogawa, Isaac Upsal, Giacomo Contin, Jorn Henning Putschke, J. M. Landgraf, A. H. Tang, H. H. Wieman, Roli Esha, A. V. Brandin, O. D. Tsai, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, Hao Qiu, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, James Brandenburg, A. Sharma, Arka Chatterjee, S. Esumi, J. B. Zhang, D. D. Koetke, M. Strikhanov, D. Cebra, Sergey Voloshin, F. Videbæk, J. E. Draper, I. K. Yoo, S. Ramachandran, S. Horvat, O. Eyser, G. Webb, Nihar Sahoo, K. Xin, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, I. Bunzarov, C-Q. Li, M. J. Rehbein, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, L. Song, Vipul Bairathi, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, W. Q. Shen, L. C. Bland, H. S. Matis, B. Huang, X. C. Chen, Z. J. Sun, S. McKinzie, P. Huck, S. Kabana, M. M. Mondal, Jaroslav Bielcik, L. E. Dunkelberger, Sedigheh Jowzaee, N. K. Pruthi, Xiang Li, A. M. Poskanzer, Z. Ye, L. K. Kosarzewski, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, W. W. Jacobs, J. Lauret, N. G. Minaev, M. A.C. Lamont, K. Jiang, J. Sandweiss, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, J. Y. Zhang, H. Z. Huang, Yanjun Wu, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, H. J. Crawford, S. Vokal, O. V. Rogachevskiy, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, C. Dilks, Nasim, A. Quintero, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, W. Zha, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, R. Haque, T. Tarnowsky, I. G. Alekseev, K. Yip, J. S. Wang, G. Eppley, D. N. Svirida, R. S. Longacre, Zebo Tang, Leo Clifford Greiner, M. K. Mustafa, Y. Li, S. Singha, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, N. Yu, Z. Feng, M. Lomnitz, Y. Fisyak, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, Sumit R. Das, M. Zyzak, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, J. Pluta, W. Li, D. Garand, Sevil Salur, Y. Wang, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, R. R. Debbe, C. Zhong, Shangfeng Yang, J. H. Chen, C. Yang, Pradip Kumar Sahu, P. V. Shanmuganathan, C. Perkins, E. C. Aschenauer, P. Federic, A. A. Derevschikov, Justin Ewigleben, Lin Ma, Siwei Luo, K. Oh, D. L. Olvitt, J. K. Adkins, R. Fatemi, L. He, Zongye Zhang, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. D. Roth, Rene Bellwied, J. Rusnak, R. Stock, P. Seyboth, Vitaly Okorokov, R. E. Tribble, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, Leszek Adamczyk, Z. H. Khan, G. Odyniec, W. Guryn, Y. Zoulkarneeva, G. Igo, J. Novak, D. A. Morozov, W. J. Llope, Alexander Jentsch, Bernd Surrow, Z. W. Miller, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, B. Sharma, J. Bouchet, M. R. Girard, A. Attri, K. D. Landry, N. Elsey, Gerald W Hoffmann, T. Todoroki, D. Tlusty, Nikolai Smirnov, I. Sakrejda, K. Kauder, S. Margetis, X. Dong, J. Butterworth, J. C. Webb, K. Krueger, W. B. Schmidke, C. A. Gagliardi, L. G. Efimov, M. J. Skoby, Yinina Ma, I. Kisel, T. K. Nayak, E. P. Sichtermann, Y. F. Xu, L. Fulek, W. Solyst, Z. Chang, Y. Panebratsev, J. Fedorisin, D. Grosnick, Nilay Shah, T. J. Humanic, Bedangadas Mohanty, R. Aoyama, M. Posik, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, M. Cherney, T. Ullrich, H. M. Spinka, Lokesh Kumar, D. G. Underwood, Hua Pei, S. K. Tripathy, J. H. Thomas, Q. Yang, C. M. Du, J. Jia, L. P. Zhou, H. S. Xu, S. B. Nurushev, B. S. Page, Y. Guo, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, J. Cheng, R. Ma, M. Stepanov, T. Ljubicic, L. C. De Silva, D. P. Kikola, G. S. Averichev, B. Stringfellow, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Shao, Y. X. Pan, G. Van Buren, S. S. Shi, Michal Sumbera, S. Fazio, S. W. Wissink, Y. Zhang, D. Arkhipkin, J. Thäder, A. Hamed, P. Chaloupka, Z. J. Xu, S. Trentalange, B. Pawlik, A. Gibson, S. Zhang, David Brown, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, R. D. Majka, J. Schambach, W. Christie, Andrey Vasiliev, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Anju Bhasin, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, Z. Shi, R. Witt, S. Mioduszewski, Donald M. McDonald, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Zubayer Ahammed, Q. Y. Shou, R. Pak, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, Jay Roberts, and H. W. Ke
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Jet (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Momentum, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Jet quenching, media_common, STAR detector
Abstract: We report the first dijet transverse momentum asymmetry measurements from Au+Au and pp collisions at RHIC. The two highest-energy back-to-back jets reconstructed from fragments with transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c display a significantly higher momentum imbalance in heavy-ion collisions than in the pp reference. When reexamined with correlated soft particles included, we observe that these dijets then exhibit a unique new feature-momentum balance is restored to that observed in pp for a jet resolution parameter of R=0.4, while rebalancing is not attained with a smaller value of R=0.2.
Published: 2017
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283. Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with Crohn's disease in a Malawian teenage boy: case report and review of literature

Author: Geoffrey Manda, Peter E. Finch, and Kelvin Mponda
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Crohn's disease, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pyoderma, Immunosuppression, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Surgery, Disease course, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Scalp, medicine, Prednisolone, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Skin lesion, business, Pyoderma gangrenosum, medicine.drug
Published: 2017

284. Taking a Stand: The Effects of Standing Desks on Task Performance and Engagement

Author: Laura E. Finch, A. Janet Tomiyama, and Andrew Ward
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Applied psychology, Posture, lcsh:Medicine, Affect (psychology), Sitting, Toxicology, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, standing desk, Article, Task (project management), Creativity, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Task Performance and Analysis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, sit-stand workstation, Workplace, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, creativity, Desk, media_common, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, reading comprehension, Alertness, Mood, Reading comprehension, Reading, performance, engagement, Female, Psychology, Comprehension, Social psychology
Abstract: Time spent sitting is associated with negative health outcomes, motivating some individuals to adopt standing desk workstations. This study represents the first investigation of the effects of standing desk use on reading comprehension and creativity. In a counterbalanced, within-subjects design, 96 participants completed reading comprehension and creativity tasks while both sitting and standing. Participants self-reported their mood during the tasks and also responded to measures of expended effort and task difficulty. In addition, participants indicated whether they expected that they would perform better on work-relevant tasks while sitting or standing. Despite participants' beliefs that they would perform worse on most tasks while standing, body position did not affect reading comprehension or creativity performance, nor did it affect perceptions of effort or difficulty. Mood was also unaffected by position, with a few exceptions: Participants exhibited greater task engagement (i.e., interest, enthusiasm, and alertness) and less comfort while standing rather than sitting. In sum, performance and psychological experience as related to task completion were nearly entirely uninfluenced by acute (~30-min) standing desk use.
Published: 2017

285. Effect of APOE epsilon 4 allele on survival and fertility in an adverse environment

Author: Caleb E. Finch, Johannes J Meij, David van Bodegom, Peter de Knijff, Juventus B. Ziem, Jacob J.E. Koopman, Eric van Exel, Rudi G. J. Westendorp, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, and APH - Mental Health
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Rural Population, Apolipoprotein E4, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Disease, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ghana, Biochemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, Immune Response, media_common, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Hazard ratio, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, Lipids, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, 3. Good health, Parity, Cholesterol, Infectious Diseases, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Adult, Death Rates, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Immunology, Fertility, Biology, Communicable Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Rivers, Surface Water, Diagnostic Medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Allele, education, Allele frequency, Survival analysis, Alleles, Aged, Demography, Inflammation, Drinking Water, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Environments, Bodies of Water, Survival Analysis, Health Care, 030104 developmental biology, Social Class, People and Places, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Hydrology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein-ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) is strongly associated with detrimental outcomes in affluent populations including atherosclerotic disease, Alzheimer's disease, and reduced lifespan. Despite these detrimental outcomes, population frequencies of APOE-ε4 are high. We hypothesize that the high frequency of APOE-ε4 was maintained because of beneficial effects during evolution when infectious pathogens were more prevalent and a major cause of mortality. We examined a rural Ghanaian population with a high pathogen exposure for selective advantages of APOE-ε4, to survival and or fertility.METHODS AND FINDINGS: This rural Ghanaian population (n = 4311) has high levels of mortality from widespread infectious diseases which are the main cause of death. We examined whether APOE-ε4 was associated with survival (total follow-up time was 30,262 years) and fertility after stratifying by exposure to high or low pathogen levels. Households drawing water from open wells and rivers were classified as exposed to high pathogen levels while low pathogen exposure was classified as those drawing water from borehole wells. We found a non-significant, but positive survival benefit, i.e. the hazard ratio per APOE-ε4 allele was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.05), adjusted for sex, tribe, and socioeconomic status. Among women aged 40 years and older (n = 842), APOE-ε4 was not associated with the lifetime number of children. However, APOE-ε4 was associated with higher fertility in women exposed to high pathogen levels. Compared with women not carrying an APOE-ε4 allele, those carrying one APOE-ε4 allele had on average one more child and those carrying two APOE-ε4 alleles had 3.5 more children (p = 0.018).CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to affluent modern-day populations, APOE-ε4 did not carry a survival disadvantage in this rural Ghanaian population. Moreover, APOE-ε4 promotes fertility in highly infectious environments. Our findings suggest that APOE-ε4 may be considered as evolutionarily adaptive. Its adverse associations in affluent modern populations with later onset diseases of aging further characterize APOE-ε4 as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
Published: 2017
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286. AIR POLLUTION IN BRAIN AGING AND DEMENTIA

Author: Jiu-Chiuan Chen, G.M. Martin, and Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Gerontology, Abstracts, Health (social science), business.industry, medicine, Air pollution, Dementia, Life-span and Life-course Studies, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, business, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Brain aging
Abstract: Over 75% of older Americans are living in metropolitan areas, and this urban-dwelling aging population will continue to grow in the coming decades. Ambient air pollution, a ubiquitous exposure in urban environments, has emerged as a new environmental factor in brain aging and dementia. Over the last few years, accumulating epidemiologic and neurotoxicological data have shown the aging brain is vulnerable to neurotoxic effects of ambient air pollutants. For instance, elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5: PM with aerodynamic diameters
Published: 2017

287. Measurement of D0 Azimuthal Anisotropy at Midrapidity in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author: J. Lidrych, Chi Yang, D. N. Svirida, Jian Deng, Anju Bhasin, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, P. Filip, T. Niida, J. L. Romero, A. Lebedev, Zongye Zhang, J. K. Adkins, Y. Guo, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Z. Shi, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, D. Cebra, P. Pile, A. Taranenko, G. D. Westfall, R. Fatemi, L. He, E. Finch, Xiaofeng Zhu, S. Margetis, A. Ogawa, Zhanwen Zhu, J. M. Campbell, S. Kabana, P. Seyboth, X. Dong, J. H. Thomas, Xuedong Bai, K. Krueger, C-Q. Li, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, J. Engelage, L. P. Zhou, R. S. Longacre, Justin Ewigleben, Roli Esha, G. Odyniec, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, H. S. Matis, L. K. Kosarzewski, W. W. Jacobs, J. L. Drachenberg, N. N. Ajitanand, J. Lauret, R. Lednicky, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, K. Kauder, B. Pawlik, Leszek Adamczyk, G. Nigmatkulov, W. Christie, Jaroslav Bielcik, P. V. Shanmuganathan, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, P. Federic, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Z. W. Miller, Andrey Vasiliev, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, D. Mallick, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, A. Gibson, T. G. Dedovich, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, S. Horvat, G. S. Averichev, J. M. Landgraf, Sergey Voloshin, S. Zhang, Arka Chatterjee, M. J. Skoby, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, M. Strikhanov, G. Igo, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, Jay Roberts, X.G. Li, Joseph Kwasizur, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, Michal Sumbera, J. Bouchet, Zebo Tang, L. Fulek, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Z. Chang, K. Jiang, K. D. Landry, M. K. Mustafa, D. Tlusty, Shize Yang, O. D. Tsai, J. Butterworth, H. W. Ke, O. V. Rogachevskiy, M. Simko, A. Quintero, J. Sandweiss, L. Yi, M. Saur, Yanjun Wu, S. S. Shi, Nasim, W. Solyst, V. A. Okorokov, Xiangming Sun, Y. F. Xu, Y. Li, S. Singha, T. Nonaka, Leo Clifford Greiner, David Brown, M. Cherney, J. W. Harris, S. W. Wissink, J. H. Chen, Peifeng Liu, Mukesh Sharma, M. R. Girard, F. Liu, M. Posik, Q. H. Xu, Lokesh Kumar, Wei Xie, G. Wang, Mariusz Przybycien, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Arabinda Behera, H. M. Spinka, A. Aparin, T. D. S. Stanislaus, J. Xu, W. Zha, M. Sergeeva, H. G. Ritter, C. Perkins, Madan M. Aggarwal, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, H. H. Wieman, J. C. Mei, Hua Pei, Fuqiang Wang, Y. Pandit, Siwei Luo, D. K. Mishra, D. A. Morozov, J. Porter, Yifei Zhang, N. Schmitz, Zubayer Ahammed, E. Shahaliev, R. D. Majka, Benjamin Schweid, Rafal Sikora, S. K. Tripathy, Yu-Gang Ma, D. Kalinkin, D. Arkhipkin, Hao Qiu, A. Hamed, J. Schambach, Ivan Kisel, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, L. Song, A. Vossen, P. Federicova, J. M. Nelson, Anik Gupta, B. Huang, Z. H. Khan, S. Esumi, D. G. Underwood, Jiangyong Jia, W. J. Llope, T. J. Humanic, Z. Feng, S. Heppelmann, Frank Jm Geurts, B. J. Summa, A. H. Tang, W. Q. Shen, I. K. Yoo, J. Y. Zhang, Q. Yang, Bernd Surrow, A. M. Poskanzer, Z. Ye, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, N. Yu, Q. Y. Shou, Alexander Jentsch, N. Elsey, C. Zhou, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, I. Bunzarov, K. Meehan, Maowu Nie, X. Huang, W. B. Schmidke, J. B. Zhang, J. Cheng, Sumit R. Das, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, J. E. Draper, A. Attri, A. Kechechyan, C. A. Gagliardi, R. Pak, A. Sharma, S. Ramachandran, Xiang Sun, Pradip Kumar Sahu, D. L. Olvitt, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, O. Eyser, B. S. Page, L. C. De Silva, K. Poniatowska, N. K. Pruthi, D. P. Kikola, Y. Wang, Guannan Xie, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Xuan Zhang, Peng Huo, Bedangadas Mohanty, B. Stringfellow, S. K. Gupta, A. Harlenderova, Giacomo Contin, P. Bhattarai, R. Aoyama, R. Witt, Isaac Upsal, S. B. Nurushev, W. Guryn, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, S. Fazio, P. Chaloupka, S. Mioduszewski, G. Eppley, R. Lacey, M. A. Szelezniak, Xuliang Chen, Z. J. Xu, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Xiaofeng Luo, C. Dilks, Guo-Liang Ma, Nihar Sahoo, R. Reed, S. Trentalange, J. Pluta, J. Fedorisin, H. Liu, A. S. Hirsch, M. M. Mondal, P. Kravtsov, A. M. Schmah, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, J. D. Roth, Rene Bellwied, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, D. Garand, H. J. Crawford, R. E. Tribble, J. Thäder, Gerald W Hoffmann, Sevil Salur, E. P. Sichtermann, T. Ullrich, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, R. Ma, T. Ljubicic, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Lomnitz, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, Nikolai Smirnov, L. G. Efimov, T. K. Nayak, M. Kocmanek, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, K. Yip, R. R. Debbe, J. Kvapil, Nilay Shah, Y. Fisyak, Jorn Henning Putschke, Lin Ma, K. Oh, A. V. Brandin, Vipul Bairathi, Jana Bielcikova, P. Sorensen, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, Maksym Zyzak, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, J. C. Webb, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, N. G. Minaev, James Brandenburg, S. Mizuno, J. Rusnak, A. F. Kraishan, L. E. Dunkelberger, L. Ruan, A. A. Derevschikov, T. Todoroki, and L. C. Bland
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Charm quark, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the elliptic anisotropy (v_{2}) of the charm meson D^{0} at midrapidity (|y
Published: 2017
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288. Measurement of the cross section and longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for dijet production in polarized pp collisions at s=200 GeV

Author: Nasim, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, R. Ma, D. Kalinkin, T. Ljubicic, B. Pawlik, S. Heppelmann, D. Tlusty, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, J. K. Adkins, A. Quintero, B. J. Summa, S. Zhang, S. Fazio, Zongye Zhang, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, S. Trentalange, V. A. Okorokov, R. Fatemi, L. He, P. Seyboth, H. Liu, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Madan M. Aggarwal, Arka Chatterjee, P. Sorensen, Joseph Kwasizur, Benjamin Schweid, T. J. Humanic, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, Qi Yang, M. Saur, Fuqiang Wang, D. K. Mishra, Dukhishyam Mallick, Niladribihari Sahoo, Z. H. Khan, I. Upsal, Leszek Adamczyk, Z. W. Miller, J. Thäder, Chong Kim, A. V. Brandin, J. Porter, Ivan Kisel, M. Sergeeva, Xin Chen, M. Cherney, S. Ramachandran, O. Eyser, A. Vossen, Xiangming Sun, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, I. K. Yoo, E. P. Sichtermann, S. Esumi, S. K. Tripathy, M. Shao, G. Van Buren, Q. H. Xu, J. Xu, M. K. Mustafa, H. G. Ritter, Vipul Bairathi, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, B. Huang, Jana Bielcikova, J. Engelage, G. Nigmatkulov, Y. F. Wu, M. M. Mondal, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, Jaroslav Bielcik, J. Rusnak, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, Justin Ewigleben, A. Gibson, C. Zhong, David Brown, J. Putschke, Xiaofeng Zhu, T. Ullrich, S. S. Shi, Y. Li, Guo-Liang Ma, A. Ogawa, K. Poniatowska, S. K. Gupta, Giacomo Contin, N. N. Ajitanand, Li Yi, Jie Zhang, J. M. Landgraf, Yu-Gang Ma, T. Kollegger, Bedangadas Mohanty, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Sergey Voloshin, J. W. Harris, C-Q. Li, J. H. Thomas, J. M. Nelson, M. Strikhanov, B. S. Page, Rafal Sikora, G. Wang, D. P. Kikola, Guannan Xie, H. Z. Huang, Xuan Zhang, O. V. Rogachevskiy, S. Vokal, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, Manish Sharma, P. Federicova, B. Stringfellow, T. Todoroki, D. Kapukchyan, James Brandenburg, N. K. Pruthi, J. Fujita, P. Federic, L. P. Zhou, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, A. S. Hirsch, R. Aoyama, M. J. Rehbein, Christina Markert, O. Rusnakova, Zebo Tang, L. C. Bland, K. N. Barish, N. Kulathunga, N. Xu, P. Filip, H. S. Matis, G. Eppley, H. J. Crawford, P. V. Shanmuganathan, K. Yip, G. S. Averichev, G. Odyniec, J. Sandweiss, L. K. Kosarzewski, R. R. Debbe, Y. F. Xu, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, J. L. Romero, P. Pile, G. D. Westfall, S. Das, W. W. Jacobs, T. Tarnowsky, P. Kravtsov, A. M. Schmah, Dmitry Smirnov, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Shangfeng Yang, J. H. Chen, J. C. Webb, Z. Chang, L. E. Dunkelberger, Mariusz Przybycien, Archana Sharma, C. Yang, Michal Sumbera, Bernd Surrow, J. Lauret, R. S. Longacre, Hao Qiu, A. Gupta, J. Pluta, E. Finch, M. Zyzak, D. A. Morozov, W. Solyst, M. Posik, Arabinda Behera, H. M. Spinka, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Xuedong Bai, R. Lednicky, T. D. S. Stanislaus, S. W. Wissink, N. Elsey, K. Jiang, C. Perkins, E. C. Aschenauer, Y. Wang, L. Kochenda, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, W. Li, A. A. Derevschikov, Y. Zhang, X. G. Luo, A. H. Tang, H. H. Wieman, G. Igo, I. Bunzarov, J. D. Roth, S. Margetis, Rene Bellwied, W. B. Schmidke, J. E. Draper, J. Bouchet, L. Krauth, Wei Xie, G. J. van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Reed, Zhigang Xiao, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Huang, R. E. Tribble, K. D. Landry, K. Kauder, A. Taranenko, I. G. Alekseev, M. A. Lisa, J. Butterworth, F. Videbæk, Y. Fisyak, G. Webb, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, J. C. Mei, D. N. Svirida, A. Aparin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Lin Ma, X. Dong, K. Oh, N. G. Minaev, Gerald W Hoffmann, R. Seto, M. J. Skoby, Frank Jm Geurts, Y. Pandit, Z. Ye, N. Schmitz, W. J. Llope, Maowu Nie, C. Zhou, R. D. Majka, E. Shahaliev, X. Huang, S. B. Nurushev, A. Kechechyan, Pradip Kumar Sahu, K. Meehan, T. Nonaka, J. Kvapil, Jindrich Lidrych, Nilay Shah, Alexander Jentsch, Siwei Luo, J. L. Drachenberg, Jian Deng, S. Mizuno, Z. Feng, M. Lomnitz, Roli Esha, A. Attri, Jie Zhao, S. Horvat, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, M. R. Girard, D. L. Olvitt, Jiangyong Jia, D. Cebra, P. Bhattarai, J. Schambach, H. W. Ke, L. Fulek, W. Zha, Zhanwen Zhu, W. Christie, Tetsuro Sugiura, Y. J. Sun, C. Dilks, S. Kabana, Peng Huo, A. Harlenderova, Subhash Singha, Andrey Vasiliev, X. M. Sun, W. Guryn, R. Lacey, X.G. Li, Janet Elizabeth Seger, J. Fedorisin, Anju Bhasin, K. Kang, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, D. G. Underwood, Z. Shi, J. Cheng, L. C. De Silva, R. Witt, S. Mioduszewski, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, Zubayer Ahammed, Q. Y. Shou, R. Pak, Olga Evdokimov, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Jay Roberts, K. Krueger, J. M. Campbell, T. G. Dedovich, J. Y. Zhang, N. Yu, L. V. Nogach, O. D. Tsai, L. Song, W. Q. Shen, D. Garand, Sevil Salur, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, L. G. Efimov, T. K. Nayak, M. Kocmanek, Peng Liu, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, Z. Z. Xu, Nikita Smirnov, and Y. Guo
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Perturbative QCD, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Gluon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, media_common
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(LL) for midrapidity dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 200 GeV. The dijet cross section was measured and is shown to be consistent with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD predictions. A(LL) results are presented for two distinct topologies, defined by the jet pseudorapidities, and are compared to predictions from several recent NLO global analyses. The measured asymmetries, the first such correlation measurements, support those analyses that find positive gluon polarization at the level of roughly 0.2 over the region of Bjorken-x > 0.05.
Published: 2017
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289. Toll-like receptor 4 in glial inflammatory responses to air pollution in vitro and in vivo

Author: Caleb E. Finch, Arian Saffari, Todd E. Morgan, Nicholas C. Woodward, Constantinos Sioutas, Morgan C. Levine, Amin Haghani, and Farimah Shirmohammadi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nanoparticulate matter, Immunology, Air pollution, Biology, lcsh:RC346-429, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, TLR4, NF-kB, Receptor, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Toll-like receptor, Microglia, General Neuroscience, Fold change, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, 13. Climate action, Astrocytes, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with accelerated cognitive aging and higher dementia risk in human populations. Rodent brains respond to TRAP with activation of astrocytes and microglia, increased inflammatory cytokines, and neurite atrophy. A role for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was suggested in mouse TLR4-knockouts, which had attenuated lung macrophage responses to air pollution. Methods To further analyze these mechanisms, we examined mixed glial cultures (astrocytes and microglia) for RNA responses to nanoscale particulate matter (nPM; diameter
Published: 2017
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290. Abstract TP438: Nanoparticulate Matter Exposure Mediates White Matter Changes in a Murine Model

Author: Hank Cheng, Qinghai Liu, Arati Patel, Caleb E. Finch, Todd E. Morgan, Ryan E. Radwanski, William J. Mack, Robin Babadjouni, Constantinos Sioutas, Ramon Durazo, and Drew M Hodis
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, White matter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Murine model, business.industry, Immunology, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Neuropathology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, White matter changes
Abstract: Background: Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between long-term nano-particulate matter (nPM) exposure and white matter injury 1 . Accumulating laboratory evidence suggests that nPM exposure causes inflammation in multiple brain regions 2 . Objective: We sought to study the effects nano-particulate matter exposure on microglia activation and complement upregulation within the corpus callosum in a murine model. Methods: C57 black 6J mice were randomized to re-aerosolized nPM (n=18, nPM Results: There were significant differences in IBA-1 cell count staining between the groups (filtered air- 94.7± 18.87; nPM- 158.5 ± 41.69, p Conclusion: Chronic particulate matter exposure is associated with white matter changes in a murine model. Regional increases in microglia number and C5α deposition suggest an inflammatory mechanism. References: 1. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Mora-Tiscareno A, Ontiveros E, Gomez-Garza G, Barragan-Mejia G, Broadway J, Chapman S, Valencia-Salazar G, Jewells V, Maronpot RR, Henriquez-Roldan C, Perez-Guille B, Torres-Jardon R, Herrit L, Brooks D, Osnaya-Brizuela N, Monroy ME, Gonzalez-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Villarreal-Calderon R, Solt AC, Engle RW. Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: a pilot study with children and dogs. Brain Cogn. 2008;68(2):117-27. 2. Block, M. L., & Calderón-Garcidueñas, L. (2009). Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends in neurosciences , 32 (9), 506-516.
Published: 2017
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291. Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Cu+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author: J. Engelage, Michal Sumbera, G. Nigmatkulov, J. M. Landgraf, I. G. Alekseev, M. Strikhanov, R. Witt, W. J. Llope, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, S. Fazio, S. Mioduszewski, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, Alexander Jentsch, S. W. Wissink, Q. H. Xu, G. Eppley, Donald M. McDonald, Prithwish Tribedy, T. Nonaka, B. K. Srivastava, J. Xu, A. Attri, Y. Zhang, G. Odyniec, Y. Zoulkarneeva, Shangfeng Yang, J. H. Chen, J. M. Campbell, J. Pluta, W. Li, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, A. I. Hamad, Haiyan Wang, J. Thäder, T. G. Dedovich, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, J. Sandweiss, D. A. Morozov, Zubayer Ahammed, J. D. Roth, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Xiang Li, B. Huang, J. Y. Zhang, N. Yu, M. Shao, Y. X. Pan, G. Van Buren, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, S. S. Shi, Xiaofeng Luo, I. Sakrejda, Guo-Liang Ma, Sumit R. Das, M. J. Skoby, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, K. Poniatowska, R. S. Longacre, W. Solyst, Rene Bellwied, L. Fulek, Q. Y. Shou, J. Porter, L. C. Bland, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, S. K. Gupta, Giacomo Contin, A. S. Hirsch, Xiaofeng Zhu, R. E. Tribble, Madan M. Aggarwal, R. Pak, Gerald W Hoffmann, D. Arkhipkin, Wei Xie, A. Hamed, P. Kravtsov, A. M. Schmah, Fuqiang Wang, Nasim, M. A.C. Lamont, R. Stock, S. Heppelmann, B. J. Summa, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, A. Ogawa, Bedangadas Mohanty, M. R. Girard, C. Yang, Nihar Sahoo, Nilay Shah, G. Igo, J. Novak, C-Q. Li, D. K. Mishra, Jian Deng, A. Aparin, Jorn Henning Putschke, T. D. S. Stanislaus, X. C. Chen, G. Agakishiev, D. S. Gunarathne, J. B. Zhang, D. D. Koetke, B. Sharma, J. E. Draper, D. N. Svirida, A. Sarkar, H. H. Wieman, A. Manion, P. Huck, A. V. Brandin, M. J. Rehbein, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, J. Bouchet, S. Ramachandran, K. Kauder, O. Eyser, Xiangming Sun, Jay Roberts, D. Cebra, D. Smirnov, O. Rusnakova, H. S. Matis, K. Xin, K. D. Landry, Yu-Gang Ma, F. Videbæk, G. Webb, J. Butterworth, S. Kabana, M. M. Mondal, D. Kalinkin, P. Bhattarai, Isaac Upsal, H. W. Ke, Guannan Xie, Xuan Zhang, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, L. K. Kosarzewski, B. Di Ruzza, W. W. Jacobs, Anthony Robert Timmins, Vipul Bairathi, J. Lauret, S. B. Nurushev, Y. Pandit, Z. Chang, S. Esumi, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Y. F. Xu, N. Schmitz, L. Yi, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, A. Vossen, H. J. Crawford, Hao Qiu, Z. H. Khan, I. K. Yoo, D. G. Underwood, R. Lednicky, A. M. Poskanzer, Z. Ye, J. W. Harris, L. Kochenda, T. Tarnowsky, P. Chaloupka, E. Shahaliev, Z. J. Xu, R. Reed, Z. Feng, M. Lomnitz, R. Haque, J. K. Adkins, Y. J. Sun, C. Dilks, H. G. Ritter, X. Huang, A. Kechechyan, N. K. Pruthi, Jaroslav Bielcik, M. Posik, S. Trentalange, D. L. Olvitt, R. Fatemi, Rafal Sikora, C. E. Flores, E. G. Judd, L. He, Q. Yang, Pradip Kumar Sahu, A. H. Tang, K. Krueger, T. Sugiura, H. M. Spinka, O. V. Rogachevskiy, B. Pawlik, A. Quintero, M. Zyzak, T. J. Humanic, I. Bunzarov, I. Kisel, A. Gibson, S. Zhang, K. Yip, J. S. Wang, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Basanta Kumar Nandi, J. Cheng, R. R. Debbe, M. Cherney, R. Varma, B. S. Page, Bernd Surrow, Lokesh Kumar, V. A. Okorokov, J. H. Thomas, Hua Pei, D. P. Kikola, B. Stringfellow, S. K. Tripathy, L. C. De Silva, L. P. Zhou, W. B. Schmidke, C. A. Gagliardi, M. Stepanov, G. S. Averichev, Roli Esha, Zongye Zhang, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Jie Zhao, T. Lin, S. Horvat, Jana Bielcikova, J. L. Romero, Arka Chatterjee, W. Zha, E. Finch, Xuedong Bai, M. K. Mustafa, W. Guryn, Y. Li, S. Singha, J. Fedorisin, P. Federic, E. P. Sichtermann, T. Ullrich, C. M. Du, H. S. Xu, Y. Guo, Jongmin Lee, R. L. Ray, R. Ma, T. Ljubicic, Niseem Magdy, H. Caines, F. Liu, Miroslav Simko, Mariusz Przybycien, Siwei Luo, J. Jia, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, R. D. Majka, Sergey Voloshin, K. Jiang, J. Schambach, Yanjun Wu, W. Christie, Anik Gupta, Frank Jm Geurts, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, S. Margetis, Andrey Vasiliev, O. D. Tsai, L. Song, W. Q. Shen, X. Dong, Janet Elizabeth Seger, D. Garand, Sevil Salur, K. Meehan, Anju Bhasin, A. Sharma, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, S. McKinzie, Z. Shi, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, Nikolai Smirnov, Zebo Tang, L. G. Efimov, T. K. Nayak, Leo Clifford Greiner, Y. Panebratsev, D. Grosnick, R. Aoyama, C. Perkins, N. Xu, P. Filip, P. Pile, G. D. Westfall, J. Rusnak, A. F. Kraishan, L. Ruan, T. Todoroki, Zhigang Xiao, T. Huang, P. Seyboth, Leszek Adamczyk, Yunpeng Liu, Derek Anderson, Z. W. Miller, D. Tlusty, N. G. Minaev, Y. Wang, Y. Fisyak, Lin Ma, K. Oh, Mukesh Sharma, G. Wang, Z. J. Sun, Robert Vertesi, P. Sorensen, L. Didenko, I. Chakaberia, J. C. Webb, James Brandenburg, P. V. Shanmuganathan, L. E. Dunkelberger, and A. A. Derevschikov
Subjects: Quark, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Charge (physics), 01 natural sciences, Electric charge, Charged particle, Electric field, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: We present the first measurement of charge-dependent directed flow in Cu+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The results are presented as a function of the particle transverse momentum and pseudorapidity for different centralities. A finite difference between the directed flow of positive and negative charged particles is observed that qualitatively agrees with the expectations from the effects of the initial strong electric field between two colliding ions with different nuclear charges. The measured difference in directed flow is much smaller than that obtained from the parton-hadron-string-dynamics model, which suggests that most of the electric charges, i.e., quarks and antiquarks, have not yet been created during the lifetime of the strong electric field, which is of the order of, or less than, 1 fm/c.
Published: 2017
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292. Rust on the Brain from Microbleeds and Its Relevance to Alzheimer Studies: Invited Commentary on Cacciottolo Neurobiology of Aging, 2016

Author: Mafalda Cacciottolo, Todd E. Morgan, and Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, animal structures, business.industry, Patient subgroups, Disease, medicine.disease, Article, Angiopathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, medicine, Small vessel, Alzheimer's disease, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cerebral microbleeds (MB) and small vessel disease (SVD) with congophilic arterial angiopathy (CAA) are increasingly recognized as a variable factor in AD cognitive impairments. This commentary on our recent report on sex-ApoE interactions in MBs published this February, briefly explores three aspects of MBs that could not be fully discussed therein: I, A possible gap between the prevalence of MBs as detected by MRI and post mortem analysis; II, The role of hemoglobin-degradation products in amyloid-attributed neurodegenerative changes; and III, Possible assessment of MB by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays for iron-related markers to better screen patient subgroups for AD interventions.
Published: 2017

293. Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study

Author: Guido P. Lombardi, Bret Alexander Beheim, Gregory S. Thomas, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Hillard Kaplan, Adel H. Allam, Randall C. Thompson, James K. Min, Michael Gurven, Bruno Frohlich, Angela R. Garcia, Jagat Narula, L. Samuel Wann, James D. Sutherland, M. Linda Sutherland, Chris J. Rowan, Benjamin C. Trumble, Jonathan Stieglitz, David E. Michalik, Caleb E. Finch, and Ram Bedi
Subjects: Male, Aging, Cross-sectional study, Bolivia/epidemiology, Blood lipids, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Cardiovascular, Medical and Health Sciences, Severity of Illness Index, Coronary artery disease, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Atherosclerosis/blood/diagnostic imaging/ethnology/etiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aetiology, Tomography, Coronary Artery Disease/blood/diagnostic imaging/ethnology/etiology, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Anthropometry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Lipids, X-Ray Computed, Heart Disease, Inflammation Mediators/blood, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Cohort study, Adult, Bolivia, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, Clinical Research, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Life Style, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary atherosclerosis, Nutrition, Aged, Coronary Angiography/methods, business.industry, Anthropometry/methods, Lipids/blood, Prevention, Urbanization, Atherosclerosis, medicine.disease, Obesity, Surgery, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Good Health and Well Being, Cross-Sectional Studies, Attributable risk, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Demography
Abstract: Summary Background Conventional coronary artery disease risk factors might potentially explain at least 90% of the attributable risk of coronary artery disease. To better understand the association between the pre-industrial lifestyle and low prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors, we examined the Tsimane, a Bolivian population living a subsistence lifestyle of hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming with few cardiovascular risk factors, but high infectious inflammatory burden. Methods We did a cross-sectional cohort study including all individuals who self-identified as Tsimane and who were aged 40 years or older. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring done with non-contrast CT in Tsimane adults. We assessed the difference between the Tsimane and 6814 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). CAC scores higher than 100 were considered representative of significant atherosclerotic disease. Tsimane blood lipid and inflammatory biomarkers were obtained at the time of scanning, and in some patients, longitudinally. Findings Between July 2, 2014, and Sept 10, 2015, 705 individuals, who had data available for analysis, were included in this study. 596 (85%) of 705 Tsimane had no CAC, 89 (13%) had CAC scores of 1–100, and 20 (3%) had CAC scores higher than 100. For individuals older than age 75 years, 31 (65%) Tsimane presented with a CAC score of 0, and only four (8%) had CAC scores of 100 or more, a five-fold lower prevalence than industrialised populations (p≤0·0001 for all age categories of MESA). Mean LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were 2·35 mmol/L (91 mg/dL) and 1·0 mmol/L (39·5 mg/dL), respectively; obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, and regular cigarette smoking were rare. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was elevated beyond the clinical cutoff of 3·0 mg/dL in 360 (51%) Tsimane participants. Interpretation Despite a high infectious inflammatory burden, the Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population of the Bolivian Amazon with few coronary artery disease risk factors, have the lowest reported levels of coronary artery disease of any population recorded to date. These findings suggest that coronary atherosclerosis can be avoided in most people by achieving a lifetime with very low LDL, low blood pressure, low glucose, normal body-mass index, no smoking, and plenty of physical activity. The relative contributions of each are still to be determined. Funding National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; St Luke's Hospital of Kansas City; and Paleocardiology Foundation.
Published: 2017

294. Human Life History Evolution

Author: Caleb E. Finch and Steven N. Austad
Subjects: Apolipoprotein E, Brain growth, Human life, media_common.quotation_subject, Energetics, Longevity, Zoology, Allometry, Allele, Biology, Life history theory, media_common
Abstract: As primates, humans differ importantly from the great apes and other species in body, brain, and other life history traits. In these allometric traits, larger species mature later, reproduce more slowly, and live longer compared with smaller species. The mechanisms underlying these relationships remain intriguingly obscure. While hypotheses attributing these relationships to metabolic rates have failed, nonetheless, energetics is likely to play some role in allometric relationships. We explore the novelties of human life histories and examine cell and genomic features of brain development, and the uniquely human APOE allele system.
Published: 2017
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295. Dormancy and Control of Seed Germination

Author: Steven Footitt and William E. Finch-Savage
Subjects: Horticulture, Stratification (seeds), Germination, Seed dormancy, Dormancy, Biology
Published: 2017
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296. Weight bias in 2001 versus 2013: Contradictory attitudes among obesity researchers and health professionals

Author: Jennifer Daubenmier, Laura E. Finch, Marlene B. Schwartz, Carrie Finley, Angela C. Incollingo Belsky, A. Janet Tomiyama, and Julia Buss
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Health professionals, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Self-concept, Medicine (miscellaneous), Implicit-association test, Response bias, medicine.disease, Obesity, Endocrinology, Perception, medicine, Implicit bias, Psychology, Prejudice (legal term), Clinical psychology, media_common
Abstract: © 2014 The Obesity Society. Objectives To assess levels of two types of anti-fat bias in obesity specialists, explicit bias, or consciously accessible anti-fat attitudes, and implicit bias, or attitudes that are activated outside of conscious awareness, were examined. This study also assessed changes over time by comparing levels of bias in 2013 to published data from 2001. Methods In 232 attendees at the ObesityWeek 2013 conference, we measured explicit anti-fat bias and conducted the Implicit Association Test. These data were compared to those from a study conducted at the 2001 meeting of this group. Results Participants exhibited significant implicit and explicit anti-fat/pro-thin bias. Positivity of professional experience with obesity, but not type of professional experience, was correlated with lower explicit anti-fat bias. Compared to 2001, the 2013 sample had lower levels of implicit bias and higher levels of explicit bias. Conclusions Although implicit anti-fat attitudes appeared to decrease from 2001 to 2013, explicit anti-fat attitudes increased. Future research should examine whether increasing positive experiences with obese patients reduces anti-fat bias among health professionals. Together, these results suggest that despite the current climate of widespread anti-fat bias, there are pathways toward understanding and ameliorating this bias.
Published: 2014
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297. Sierpiński and Carmichael numbers

Author: Florian Luca, Carrie E. Finch, Carl Pomerance, William D. Banks, Pantelimon Stanica, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.), and Applied Mathematics
Subjects: Combinatorics, Carmichael number, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Natural number, Arithmetic, Omega, Prime (order theory), Mathematics, Sierpinski triangle
Abstract: We establish several related results on Carmichael, Sierpiński and Riesel numbers. First, we prove that almost all odd natural numbers k k have the property that 2 n k + 1 2^nk+1 is not a Carmichael number for any n ∈ N n\in \mathbb {N} ; this implies the existence of a set K \mathscr {K} of positive lower density such that for any k ∈ K k\in \mathscr {K} the number 2 n k + 1 2^nk+1 is neither prime nor Carmichael for every n ∈ N n\in \mathbb {N} . Next, using a recent result of Matomäki and Wright, we show that there are ≫ x 1 / 5 \gg x^{1/5} Carmichael numbers up to x x that are also Sierpiński and Riesel. Finally, we show that if 2 n k + 1 2^nk+1 is Lehmer, then n ⩽ 150 ω ( k ) 2 log ⁡ k n\leqslant 150\,\omega (k)^2\log k , where ω ( k ) \omega (k) is the number of distinct primes dividing k k .
Published: 2014
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298. Multi-technique quantitative analysis and socioeconomic considerations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in children’s toys and toy jewelry

Author: Michael C. Leopold, Margot M. Hillyer, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Lauren E. Finch, and Alisha S. Cerel
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Risk Assessment, behavioral disciplines and activities, Consumer safety, Arsenic, Forensic engineering, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Child, Socioeconomic status, business.industry, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Advertising, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Play and Playthings, Product (business), Lead, Socioeconomic Factors, Quantitative analysis (finance), Consumer Product Safety, Jewelry, Suspect, business, Cadmium
Abstract: A wide spectrum and large number of children’s toys and toy jewelry items were purchased from both bargain and retail vendors and analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, and lead metal content using multiple analytical techniques, including flame and furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Particularly dangerous for young children, metal concentrations in toys/toy jewelry were assessed for compliance with current Consumer Safety Product Commission (CPSC) regulations (F963-11). A conservative metric involving multiple analytical techniques was used to categorize compliance: one technique confirmation of metal in excess of CPSC limits indicated a “suspect” item while confirmation on two different techniques warranted a non-compliant designation. Sample matrix-based standard addition provided additional confirmation of non-compliant and suspect products. Results suggest that origin of purchase, rather than cost, is a significant factor in the risk assessment of these materials with 57% of toys/toy jewelry items from bargain stores non-compliant or suspect compared to only 15% from retail outlets and 13% if only low cost items from the retail stores are compared. While jewelry was found to be the most problematic product (73% of non-compliant/suspect samples), lead (45%) and arsenic (76%) were the most dominant toxins found in non-compliant/suspect samples. Using the greater Richmond area as a model, the discrepancy between bargain and retail children’s products, along with growing numbers of bargain stores in low-income and urban areas, exemplifies an emerging socioeconomic public health issue.
Published: 2014
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299. The menopause and aging, a comparative perspective

Author: Caleb E. Finch
Subjects: Adult, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Hypothalamus, Neuroendocrinology, Biology, Biochemistry, Article, Congenital Abnormalities, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Endocrinology, Ovarian Follicle, Internal medicine, Adrenal Glands, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ovarian follicle, Comparative perspective, Child, Molecular Biology, Progesterone, Estradiol, Ovary, Cell Biology, Luteinizing Hormone, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Oocyte, Perimenopause, Menopause, medicine.anatomical_structure, Androgens, Oocytes, Molecular Medicine, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing hormone, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract: The neuroendocrinology of menopause is reviewed from a comparative perspective, with emphasis on laboratory rodent models. These changes are compared by the 2011 STRAW criteria (Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop). Ovarian cell loss begins prenatally in all mammals studied, with exponential depletion of primary follicles and oocytes in association with loss of fecundity by midlife. Rodents and humans also share progressively increasing irregularity in ovulatory cycles and increasing fetal aneuploidy as oocyte depletion become imminent. Hypothalamic impairments of the estrogen-induced surge of pituitary gonadotrophins (luteinizing hormone, LH; follicle stimulating hormone, FSH) are prominent in middle-aged rodents, but sporadic in peri-menopausal women. In aging rodents, hypothalamic impairments of the LH surge have been experimentally associated with prolonged phases of sustained estradiol (E2) and very low progesterone (P4) ('unopposed estradiol'). Although peri-menopausal women also show hyper-estrogenic cycles, there is no indication for irreversible hypothalamic desensitization by E2. Ongoing cognitive assessments in clinical trials of estrogen therapy with and without P4 or other progestins may further inform about possible persisting effects of unopposed estrogens.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Menopause'.
Published: 2014
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300. Genomic Correlates of Atherosclerosis in Ancient Humans

Author: Hillard Kaplan, Michael I. Miyamoto, Albert Zink, Frank Maixner, Bruno Frohlich, Caleb E. Finch, Jagat Narula, Samantha L. Cox, Adel H. Allam, M. Linda Sutherland, Lucia Watson, Andreas Keller, James D. Sutherland, Gregory S. Thomas, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, L. Samuel Wann, Johannes Krause, Guido P. Lombardi, and Randall C. Thompson
Subjects: genetic association, Epidemiology, geographic origin, heart disease, Disease, genetic risk, Genome, computer assisted tomography, cause of death, single nucleotide polymorphism, cardiovascular disease, environmental factor, Medicine, genetics, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.04 [https], Genetic risk, three dimensional imaging, Genomics, X ray, priority journal, Italy, Egypt, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, radiography, cardiovascular risk, glacier, review, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, gene frequency, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Iceman, genomics, Genetic predisposition, Humans, human, genome, Genetic association, Community and Home Care, paleopathology, business.industry, physical anthropology, DNA, Mummies, Atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, Evolutionary biology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, genetic predisposition
Abstract: Paleogenetics offers a unique opportunity to study human evolution, population dynamics, and disease evolution in situ. Although histologic and computed x-ray tomographic investigations of ancient mummies have clearly shown that atherosclerosis has been present in humans for more than 5,000 years, limited data are available on the presence of genetic predisposition for cardiovascular disease in ancient human populations. In a previous whole-genome study of the Tyrolean Iceman, a 5,300-year-old glacier mummy from the Alps, an increased risk for coronary heart disease was detected. The Iceman's genome revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms that are linked with cardiovascular disease in genome-wide association studies. Future genetic studies of ancient humans from various geographic origins and time periods have the potential to provide more insights into the presence and possible changes of genetic risk factors in our ancestors. The study of ancient humans and a better understanding of the interaction between environmental and genetic influences on the development of heart diseases may lead to a more effective prevention and treatment of the most common cause of death in the modern world.HighlightsOldest evidence on the presence of genetic predisposition for cardiovascular disease in the 5,300-year-old Tyrolean Iceman.Future genetic studies of ancient humans have the potential to provide more insights into the presence and possible changes of genetic risk factors in our ancestors.The study of ancient humans and a better understanding of the interaction between environmental and genetic influences on the development of heart diseases may lead to more effective prevention and treatment.
Published: 2014
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