Search

In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of iron deficiency (ID) on cardiac functions with M-mode, pulse Doppler, and tissue Doppler and to compare the findings with healthy individuals. Twenty one children with only ID (prelatent ID + latent ID + manifest ID/anemia) and completely healthy 23 children were included in the study. Of all patients, complete blood counts were studied, and serum iron (Fe), iron binding capacity (FeBC), and ferritin levels were measured. Echocardiographic assessment was performed for those who were diagnosed with Fe deficiency at the beginning of the study and after there covery of anemia and once at the beginning of the study for those who were healthy. There were significant differences between control group values and pre-treatment values of patients with manifest ID in terms of hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), ferritin, Fe, FeBC, aortic diameter (AD), and left atrial diameter (LAD). Between the pre- and post-treatment values of manifest ID (anemia) patients, there were significant differences in terms Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ferritin, Fe, FeBC, AD, LAD, left ventricular end systolic diameter, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, ejection fraction, fractional short time, mitral, tricuspid, and septal isovolumetric relaxation time and septal isovolumetric contraction time. Diastolic and systolic cardiac dysfunction occurs at the stage of manifest ID where the value of Hgb decreased and these changes recover with treatment.

The physical and chemical properties of chufa tubers are given in Table 1. The nuts were found to be rich in oil (21.57%), fiber (22.13%), and protein (8.11%). Previous studied reported 932.8 g/kg dry matter, 245 g/kg crude lipid, 256.8 g/kg starch, 14.3 g/kg ash, 50.5 g/kg protein, 89.1 g/kg crude fibre, and 154.3 g/kg total sugar [3]. The fatty acid composition of chufa tuber was determined by gas chromotography (Table 2). Oleic acid (72.7%) was present in the highest concentration, followed by palmitic (14.8%), linoleic (11.4%), arachidic (0.6%), and linolenic (0.5%) acids. The fatty acid composition of chufa oil comprised 689.2–732.9 g/kg oleic acid, 125.5–141.2 g/kg palmitic acid, and 99.6–154.6 g/kg linoleic acids [3]. The mineral contents of chufa tuber were determined by ICP-AES (Table 3). Chufa tubers were found to be rich in some minerals such as Al (709.1 mg/kg), Ca (739.1 mg/kg), Fe (412.5 mg/kg), K (9821.7 mg/kg), Mg (1190.5 mg/kg), Na (2407.4 mg/kg), and P (3012.6 mg/kg). Caglarirmak reported 280–380 mg/100 g P, 230–340 mg/100 g K, 81–99 mg/100 g Mg, and 67–105.5 mg/100 g Ca in fresh walnut kernels [10]. This work attempts to contribute to knowledge of the nutritional properties of these tubers. The physical-chemical properties and fatty acid composition were analyzed according to AOAC [11]. The methyl esters of the fatty acids (1 L) were analyzed in a gas chromotograph (Shimadzu GC-2010) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a fused silica capillary column (60 m 0.25 mm i.d.; film thickness 0.20 m).

Aim: Pediatric surgeons frequently encounter children presenting with voiding dysfunction symptoms, including urgency, frequency, and incontinence. Antimuscarinic agents (Oxybutynin) are the main drugs used to treat patients with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, defined as urgency, with or without urgency incontinence, usually with increased daytime frequency and nocturia. Increased QT dispersion is known to be the cause of ventricular arrhythmia in various systemic diseases and leads to increased mortality and morbidity. Method: This study represents a subset of a complete data set, considering only those children aged admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics during the period January 2011 to July 2012. Result: In this study, we have determined that the QT interval changes significantly depending on the use of oxybutynin. The QT changes increased cardiac arrhythmia in children. Conclusion: For this reason, children using such drugs should be closely monitored for cardiac arrhythmia.

In Turkey in reading instruction a kind of phonetic method is used which is called sound based sentences method. In this method, the reading instruction is initiated by sounds. Instead of letters name, letters’ sound is taught. Teaching sounds are performed in compliance with the six sound groups. In teaching process for phonetic awareness during sound teaching, songs are one of the activities teachers instruct. The purpose of this study is to investigate how first class teachers teach reading with songs. The qualitative research method was used in this research. A interview form was developed which was applied ten first grade teachers in 2012-2013 education year. Descriptive analyze was used while analyzing data.

ResumenJustificación y objetivosSe sabe que el tabaquismo aumenta la percepción de dolor; sin embargo, el efecto del tabaquismo sobre la percepción del dolor durante el cateterismo venoso no se conoce. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el tabaquismo tiene o no algún efecto sobre la percepción del dolor durante la punción venosa periférica.MétodosFueron incluidos en el estudio 220 pacientes programados para cirugía electiva aleatoriamente ubicados en 2 grupos: grupo S (n=110) y grupo C (n=110), de acuerdo con sus hábitos tabáquicos. A los pacientes se les informó sobre el uso de la escala numérica de clasificación del dolor y a continuación se realizó la punción venosa periférica en el dorso de la mano con un catéter de calibre 20G (Intracath®). La percepción de dolor de los pacientes fue posteriormente registrada de acuerdo con las puntuaciones de la escala numérica.ResultadosLas características demográficas de los grupos eran idénticas. Las puntuaciones de la escala numérica de dolor de los grupos S y C fueron 3,31±1,56 y 1,65±1,23 respectivamente (p

In Turkey, according to 2005 Primary Curriculum; handwriting style was changed. Cursive handwriting was replaced by manuscript to teach in the first grade. Students are going to write only with cursive handwriting during their academic education. This change in the curriculum effects teachers because they must write with cursive handwriting in the lessons, too. All teachers in every branch must learn to write with cursive handwriting even if they teach handwriting or not. Class teachers try to teach cursive handwriting but in the lessons of branch teachers problems can be occurred about cursive handwriting. Beside this most of the teacher training programs don’t have course about teaching handwriting except primary school teachers’ and Turkish teachers training programs’. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure handwriting anxiety of teachers. The research is carried out in five steps as literature analysis, forming the item pool, taking the opinions of subject experts, figuring out the application, validity and reliability.

The purpose of this research is to compare the composition writing skills and helping behaviors of first grade students fromdifferent age groups. A mixed design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. Study groups weredetermined by purposeful sampling. There was no statistical difference between the younger and older students in terms ofcomposition writing points. The mean values of the students in the old age group are higher than the students in the young agegroup in terms of sentence, word, simple and compound sentence and textual features. The results indicated no difference instudents‟ helping expressions between the age groups. Different development areas (like cognitive and psycho- motor) effect onwriting skills can be searched.