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In the mesh-connected processors, some processor elements (PEs) become ineffective due to high temperature, overload and other factors, which can affect the stability of the system. This paper deals with the problem of reconfiguring the largest possible subarray from the processor with faults under the row and column rerouting constraint. Firstly, a flexible routing scheme, based on dynamic programming, is proposed to construct the local optimal logical columns. Secondly, we discuss and revise the PEs that cannot be connected between every two logical columns under this scheme. Finally, an efficient algorithm is presented to construct the maximum subarray in polynomial time. The experimental results show that, both on the random and clustered fault scenarios, the proposed algorithm under flexible rerouting scheme is capable of constructing the larger scale logical arrays. On a 48 × 48 host array with 15% fault density, the improvement on the use of fault-free PEs is up to 6.22% for random faults. On a 256 × 256 host array, the improvement can be up to 85.60% for clustered faults. Moreover, the proposed algorithm runs faster than previous algorithms under different size arrays and fault densities, the average improvement in running time is up to 99% compared with state-of-the-art.

This brief presents two software Display Stream Compression (DSC) video decoder designs for many-core processor arrays. The first design exploits fine-grained task-level parallelism and is able to decode pictures configured into one column of slices; it is implemented with 88 processors and 2 shared memory modules. The second design facilitates higher performance by leveraging scalable slice-level parallelism and is tailored for pictures configured into multiple columns of slices; one implementation of this design is mapped to 359 processors and 6 shared memory modules. At 1.75 GHz and 1.1 V, the proposed decoders decode 1080p video sequences in 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 pixel formats—achieving up to 94.7 frames per second (fps), 95.6 fps, and 47.9 fps, while dissipating 23.9 nJ, 26.7 nJ, and 47.2 nJ per pixel, respectively. Our designs achieve up to $159\times $ higher throughput and $841\times $ lower energy per pixel than a DSC decoder implemented on one core of an Intel i7-7700HQ processor.

The performance of a new type of concrete columns reinforced with multi-tied spiral transverse reinforcements called MTSTR columns has not yet been investigated and compared with other types of col...

Все реальные системы имеют нелинейный характер, обычные контроллеры не всегда могут дать хорошие и точные результаты. Нечёткий логический контроллер используется для получения лучшего отклика. Модель для моделирования разрабатывается, и все предположения делаются до разработки модели. Была сделана попытка проанализировать эффективность нечёткого регулятора по сравнению с традиционным ПИД-регулятором для системы управления температурным режимом колонны синтеза аммиака, и их результаты были сопоставлены. Анализ выполняется посредством компьютерного моделирования с использованием набора инструментов CoDeSys V2.3 и Matlab-Simulink. Это исследование показывает, что применение нечёткого логического контроллера дает лучший результат. All real systems are non-linear; conventional controllers cannot always give good and accurate results. The fuzzy logic controller is used to get the best response. The model for the simulation is developed and all assumptions are made before the model is developed. An attempt was made to analyze the effectiveness of a fuzzy controller versus a conventional PID controller for an ammonia synthesis tower temperature control system, and the results were compared. The analysis is performed by computer simulation using the CoDeSys V2.3 and Matlab-Simulink toolkit. This research shows that using a fuzzy logic controller gives better results.

The paper characterizes linear operators converting column majorization into weak, directional, and strong majorizations. An example of a linear converter from weak, directional, and strong majorizations to column majorization preserving none of these majorizations is provided.

We present a novel method, REMAXINT, that captures the gist of two-way interaction in row by column (i.e., two-mode) data, with one observation per cell. REMAXINT is a probabilistic two-mode clustering model that yields two-mode partitions with maximal interaction between row and column clusters. For estimation of the parameters of REMAXINT, we maximize a conditional classification likelihood in which the random row (or column) main effects are conditioned out. For testing the null hypothesis of no interaction between row and column clusters, we propose a $$max-F$$ m a x - F test statistic and discuss its properties. We develop a Monte Carlo approach to obtain its sampling distribution under the null hypothesis. We evaluate the performance of the method through simulation studies. Specifically, for selected values of data size and (true) numbers of clusters, we obtain critical values of the $$max-F$$ m a x - F statistic, determine empirical Type I error rate of the proposed inferential procedure and study its power to reject the null hypothesis. Next, we show that the novel method is useful in a variety of applications by presenting two empirical case studies and end with some concluding remarks.

The history of the engineering profession includes many events and achievements that raise doubts about their reality in modern people. These are the pyramids of Mexico and Egypt, megalithic structures in Peru, the Baalbek temple, etc. Aqueducts and viaducts, highways and bridges, fortifications and ships, the Greek fire and the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople — all this gives an idea of the capabilities and skills of ancient engineers. The questions of who and how built these objects and why modern technologies cannot repeat it will always excite the inquisitive mind of the researcher. The admiration of many architectural structures of the 18th-19th centuries raises the question of how this was possible to be done at that time, in the absence of knowledge about the power of steam and electricity. The objects built after the middle of the 19th century do not cause such questions — there were already many lifting mechanisms, photography documented the construction process, and the dug Suez Canal testified to the increased capabilities of mankind and strengthened engineering skills. No one doubts that the Eiffel Tower was built without the use of helicopters and the achievements of an antediluvian civilization. However, in relation to the unique creation of O. Montferrand — the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg, there is a clear distrust in the reality of the achieved result: the column that is more than 27 meters high, more than 3 meters in diameter and weighs more than 600 tons stands vertically on the end surface without additional supporting structures. This article, presented in three reports, is devoted to the attempt to mathematically justify the possibility of what was achieved at the level of knowledge, skills, mechanisms and technologies of the beginning of the 19th century. The first report is devoted to the formulation of the initial data for each stage of production, transportation and installation of the Alexander Column from the standpoint of the possibility of performing rigging work. The basis for the answers is an album of illustrations of the rise of the Alexander Column, made by the great architect O. Montferrand, who is also reproached for the lack of engineering training.

We provide a search method for Legendre pairs of composite length based on generating binary matrices with fixed row and column sums from compressed, complementary integer vectors. This approach yielded the first construction of a Legendre pair of length 77, as well as the first exhaustive generation of Legendre pairs of length 55.

Concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube (CECFST) columns and partially encased composite (PEC) beams are both steel-concrete composite members which have outstanding advantages and have been applicated in some engineering constructions. This paper makes an attempt to employ blind bolting technique to assemble CECFST columns to PEC beams. For the purpose of exploring the mechanical performance of this type of assembled joints, firstly, a nonlinear finite element (FE) model was established and validated, where complicated contact interaction was taken into consideration. Plenty of parametric analysis were adopted to find out the effect of ten parameters on strength and initial stiffness of the assembled joint. Numerical analysis showed that mechanic behavior is notably affected by axial load ratio, width and thickness of end-plate, bolt pretension force, bolt diameter, and steel ratio of CECFST column. Full-range analysis was then carried out to observe stress and strain developments and failure modes. Load transfer mechanism in CECFST column was also studied. Design methods to estimate the flexural capacity and initial stiffness of the connections were proposed in accordance with the component models. In comparison, it could be concluded that the calculation results fit well with the analytical results, which confirms that the design formulas could provide a favorable basis in practical design.

In the present work, hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of the asymmetric rotating impeller column (ARIC) of different scales, that is, ARIC 1 (I.D. = 0.1 m), ARIC 2 (I.D. = 0.22 m), and A...

This article studies the large deflection stability of axially functionally graded (AFG) cantilever column for analyzing post-buckling behavior. Consideration is given to a nonlinearly tapered colu...

This article mainly explores meshing and segmentation techniques for microarray image analysis. The term "grid" refers to dividing an image into subgrids of dots and then dividing them into point detection. Most of the existing methods depend on input parameters such as the number of rows / columns, the number of points in each row / column, the size of the subarrays, etc. This article proposes a fully automatic mesh generation algorithm. This can remove any initialized parameter without any manual intervention. In the segmentation step, clustering algorithms are used because they do not consider the size and shape of the spots, do not depend on the initial state of the pixels, and do not require post-processing. In this article, a new method is proposed to estimate the initial parameters (centroid and number of clusters) required by any clustering algorithm. Qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the algorithm can perform grid processing on microarray images well, and improves the performance of the clustering algorithm.

Compression technique is basically used to compress the size of table or reduce the storage area. Oracle already gives this feature for the table compression as well as for the index compression. when index is created on particular column of a table then it contain some space, which require some storage or disk space by this technique we can save our disk space because in industry the company have to purchase the disk space according to the size of the their data and pay according to their disk space. To utilize this disk space for useful records data rather than wasting it. In this paper used the data pump utility for the compression of Bitmap index and table. Data pump utility performed for the logical backups in database.in this paper implemented data pump for compression, to release the space and change the index pointing location. It will not release the space even after deletion of records. This is of special interest for the case to compress the bitmap index and table space along with the’S (Data Manipulation Language).

This paper aims at intensifying the synthesis process of solketal by the reactive dividing wall column (RDWC) through experiments and simulation optimization and proposes a high-efficiency producti...

An atmospheric global climate model (GCM) and its associated single-column model are used to study the tropical upper tropospheric warming and elucidate how different processes drive this warming. In this modeling framework, on average the direct radiative process accounts for 13% of the total warming. The radiation increases the atmospheric lapse rate and triggers more convection, which further produces 74% of the total warming. The rest 13% is attributable to the circulation adjustment. The relative importance of these processes differs in different regions. In the deep tropics, the radiative-convective adjustment produces the most significant warming and accounts for almost 100% of the total warming. In the subtropics, the radiative-convective adjustment accounts for 73% of the total warming and the circulation adjustment plays a more important role than in the deep tropics, especially at the levels above 200 hPa. When the lateral boundary conditions, i.e. the temperature and water vapor advections, are held fixed in single-column simulations, the tropospheric relative humidity significantly increases in the radiative-convective adjustment in response to the surface warming. This result, in contrast to the relative humidity conservation behavior in the GCM, highlights the importance of circulation adjustment in maintaining the constant relative humidity. The tropical upper tropospheric warming in both the full GCM and the single-column simulations is found to be less strong than the warming predicted by reference moist adiabats. This evidences that the sub-moist-adiabat warming occurs even without the dilution effect of the large-scale circulation adjustment.

The demand for rapid column screening, computer-assisted method development and method transfer, and unambiguous compound identification by LC/MS analyses has pushed analysts to adopt experimental protocols and software for the accurate prediction of the retention time in liquid chromatography (LC). This Perspective discusses the classical approaches used to predict retention times in LC over the last three decades and proposes future requirements to increase their accuracy. First, inverse methods for retention prediction are essentially applied during screening and gradient method optimization: a minimum number of experiments or design of experiments (DoE) is run to train and calibrate a model (either purely statistical or based on the principles and fundamentals of liquid chromatography) by a mere fitting process. They do not require the accurate knowledge of the true column hold-up volume V0, system dwell volume Vdwell (in gradient elution), and the retention behavior (k versus the content of strong solvent φ, temperature T, pH, and ionic strength I) of the analytes. Their relative accuracy is often excellent below a few percent. Statistical methods are expected to be the most attractive to handle very complex retention behavior such as in mixed-mode chromatography (MMC). Fundamentally correct retention models accounting for the simultaneous impact of φ, I, pH, and T in MMC are needed for method development based on chromatography principles. Second, direct methods for retention prediction are ideally suited for accurate method transfer from one column/system configuration to another: these quality by design (QbD) methods are based on the fundamentals and principles of solid-liquid adsorption and gradient chromatography. No model calibration is necessary; however, they require universal conventions for the accurate determination of true retention factors (for 1 < k < 30) as a function of the experimental variables (φ, T, pH, and I) and of the true column/system parameters (V0, Vdwell, dispersion volume, σ, and relaxation volume, τ, of the programmed gradient profile at the column inlet and gradient distortion at the column outlet). Finally, when the molecular structure of the analytes is either known or assumed, retention prediction has essentially been made on the basis of statistical approaches such as the linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) and the quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRRs): their ability to accurately predict the retention remains limited within 10-30%. They have been combined with molecular similarity approaches (where the retention model is calibrated with compounds having structures similar to that of the targeted analytes) and artificial intelligence algorithms to further improve their accuracy below 10%. In this Perspective, it is proposed to adopt a more rigorous and fundamental approach by considering the very details of the solid-liquid adsorption process: Monte Carlo (MC) or molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are promising tools to explain and interpret retention data that are too complex to be described by either empirical or statistical retention models.

In this issue's “Women in Engineering” column, Kathleen L. Melde, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Arizona, Tucson, reports some considerations and lessons learned during her career about leadership, providing a different angle of view for women and men in engineering. Her experiences have had a significant impact on her current role as associate dean for faculty affairs and inclusion in the College of Engineering, supporting staff members and students in a large public university.

With rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, social network (SN) can use AI to extract useful knowledge of users to improve the quality of peoples lives. Although AI has achieved a very big breakthrough, it also faces many challenges for collecting data, such as larger data redundancy and higher energy consumption. To conquer those problems, a matrix completion-based Sampling Points Selection joint Intelligent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) Trajectory Optimization (SPS-IUTO) scheme for data acquisition is proposed. In terms of space, for one column, the probability that a sample point is selected is inversely proportional to the number of sample points selected by all previous rows. In terms of time, the first step is that sampling points with higher degree are selected as dominator sampling points in each row and column. The second step is that sampling points with lower degree are selected as virtual dominator sampling points. The movement trajectory of the UAV is optimized using the proposed algorithm. As is shown in the experimental results, the proposed scheme can achieve significant improvement in terms of energy and redundant data.

The column-to-beam flexural strength ratio (CBFSR) has been used in many seismic codes to achieve the strong column-weak beam (SCWB) failure mode in reinforced concrete (RC) frames, in which plastic hinges appear earlier in beams than in columns. However, seismic investigations show that the required limit of CBFSR in seismic codes usually cannot achieve the SCWB failure mode under strong earthquakes. This study investigates the failure modes of RC frames with different CBFSRs. Nine typical three-story RC frame models with different CBFSRs are designed in accordance with Chinese seismic codes. The seismic responses and failure modes of the frames are investigated through time-history analyses using 100 ground motion records. The results show that the required limit of the CBFSR that guarantees the SCWB failure mode depends on the beam-column connection type and the seismic intensity, and different types of beam-column connections exhibit different failure modes even though they are designed with the same CBFSR. Recommended CBFSRs are proposed for achieving the designed SCWB failure mode for different types of connections in RC frames under different seismic intensities. These results may provide some reference for further revisions of the SCWB design criterion in Chinese seismic codes.

Given article is devoted features of the decision of a problem of integer nonlinear programming, by means of developed neural network method and algorithm of nonlinear optimization of means «decision Search» tabular processor Microsoft Excel. In offered neural network method the task in view decision is made by means of a recurrent neural network (RNN) matrix architecture with m neurons in each line and n neurons in each column. All neurons such network are connected with each other by communications, and the signal from an exit neuron can move on its input. Neural network method is characterized by that on inputs mentioned RNN the entrance vector of values of parameters of optimized nonlinear criterion function of a problem of distribution of a non-uniform resource moves, calculation of values of weight factors connected among themselves neurons is carried out and signal RNN is formed. This signal by means of nonlinear function will be transformed to the discrete target signal characterizing values quasi-optimal of the decision of the mentioned problem which size changes from 0 to 1. The estimation of efficiency of the decision of a considered problem was carried out at its various values of an indicator of efficiency on the basis of developed imitating model RNN. As indicators of efficiency of application offered neural network method were used – an average relative error and time of the decision of a problem. The value received by means of algorithm of nonlinear optimization of means was accepted to the exact decision «decision Search» tabular processor Microsoft Excel. The analysis of the received results of the experimental researches, offered neural network method, has allowed to make the conclusion that in comparison with an existing method of nonlinear optimization of tabular processor Microsoft Excel use offered neural network method allows essentially (in 9,4 times) to lower time of the decision of a problem dimension 10 × 8 (m ×n) and thus to provide accuracy of its decision not less than 99,8 %.

This study conducts an intercomparison of the column-integrated moist static energy (MSE) and water vapor budget of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) among six modern global reanalysis products (RAs). Inter-RA differences in the mean MSE, MJO MSE anomalies, individual MSE budget terms, and their relative contributions to the propagation and maintenance of MJO MSE anomalies are examined. Also investigated is the relationship between the MJO column water vapor (CWV) budget residuals with the other CWV budget terms as well as with the two parameters that characterize cloud–radiation feedback and moisture–convection coupling. Results show a noticeable inter-RA spread in the mean-state MSE, especially its vertical structure. In all RAs, horizontal MSE advection dominates the propagation of the MJO MSE while column-integrated longwave radiative heating and vertical MSE advection are found to be the key processes for MJO maintenance. The MSE budget terms directly affected by the model parameterization schemes exhibit high uncertainty. The differences in anomalous vertical velocity mainly contribute to the large differences in vertical MSE advection among the RAs. The budget residuals show large inter-RA differences and have nonnegligible contributions to MJO maintenance and propagation in most RAs. RAs that underestimate (overestimate) the strength of cloud–radiation feedback and the convective moisture adjustment time scale tend to have positive (negative) MJO CWV budget residual, indicating the critical role of these processes in the maintenance of MJO CWV anomalies. Our results emphasize that a correct representation of the interactions among moisture, convection, cloud, and radiation is the key for an accurate depiction of the MJO MSE and CWV budget in RAs.

The article deals with a method for analysing slender masonry columns. The proposed method uses material and geometric non-linearity. Various stress-strain diagrams can be used: linear, linear-plastic, parabolic-plastic, two various parabolic and rigid-plastic. In all cases, the tensile strength is neglected. The method can be used for analysing the column in accordance with Eurocodes in two ways: SLS (serviceability limit state) and ULS (ultimate limit state). The internal forces are calculated on a general beam model, with imperfections in both directions, which result in two bending moments in two perpendicular planes – biaxial bending. This case is not covered by the current code – Eurocode, even though all columns are more or less loaded in both directions. In this numerical study, using Matlab software, an algorithm was developed for modelling a real 3D case. The results of this study are also compared to the results of laboratory tests of masonry columns.

The accurate prediction of the concrete confinement effects in concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns composed of a circular section is vital in stimulating their true structural performance. However, existing concrete confinement models for such columns were developed based on limited studies and may not accurately predict their axial responses under axial loading. In this paper, a numerical model is developed to study the nonlinear performance of axially-loaded short CFDST columns incorporating an accurate concrete confinement model. Herein, a novel expression to calculate the lateral confining pressure on the confined concrete of the CFDST column is proposed considering the influences of a wide range of important column parameters. Furthermore, a reduction factor to accurately predict the post-peak behavior of confined concrete is suggested based on the previous test results. The accuracy of the numerical model incorporating the proposed concrete confinement model is verified against the experimental tests. The accuracy of the existing concrete confinement models is also evaluated and compared with the one proposed in this study. It is demonstrated that the proposed confinement model can yield the axial performance of CFDST columns more accurately. A parameter study is then performed to analyze the impacts of important column parameters on the axial performance of such a column. The applicability of the existing design standards in designing CFDST columns is verified. Lastly, a simple and accurate design equation to quantify the ultimate axial load is proposed.

As one of the main load-carrying components of cable-stayed bridges, bridge towers are typically required to remain elastic even when subjected to severe ground motions with a 2%–3% probability of exceedance in 50 years. To fulfill this special requirement imposed by current seismic design codes, reinforcement ratios in the bridge towers have to be kept significantly higher than if limited ductility behavior of the tower is allowed. In addition, since the foundation capacity is closely related to the moment and shear capacities of the bridge tower, a large increase in bridge construction cost for elastically designed cable-stayed bridge is inevitable. To further investigate the possibility of limited ductility bridge tower design strategies, a new 1/20-scale cable-stayed bridge model with H-shaped bridge towers designed according to strong strut-weak tower column design was tested. The shake table experimental results are compared with a previous strong tower column-weak strut designed full bridge model. A comparison of the results show that ductility design with plastic hinges located on tower columns, i.e., strong strut-weak tower column design, is another effective seismic design strategy that results in only small residual displacement at the top of the tower column, even under very severe earthquake excitations.

Design tradeoffs for vertically oriented nonvolatile (NV) nano-electro-mechanical (NEM) switches implemented using multiple interconnect layers in a 5-nm-generation CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) process are investigated via 3-D device simulation. Programming pulse voltage and width operating windows are identified for avoiding catastrophic pull-in. The simulation results indicate that sub-20-ns programming delay is possible with programming voltages compatible with standard input–output (I/O) CMOS circuitry, and that the write energy of an NV-NEM bit-cell will be less than 5 aJ. A crossbar array architecture operated with a half-select row/column bit-cell programming scheme is found to be effective for avoiding the issue of write disturbance.

In this issue of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, we are privileged to have an interesting contribution to our column from Dr. C.J. Reddy, who provides details of his professional journey from India, to Canada, and then to the United States. He discusses aspects of being a researcher and entrepreneur as well as now being with a multinational company. Dr. Reddy also talks about his philanthropic activity to establish the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) C.J. Reddy Travel Grant for Graduate Students with the help of the IEEE Foundation and AP-S.

The use of prefabricated bridge columns in seismic regions is challenging since performance data on precast column connections is limited. A handful accelerated bridge construction (ABC) details to connect precast columns to adjoining members have been experimentally investigated, and some were found viable for seismic applications and field deployment. A connection consisting of ducts filled with conventional grout is the focus of the present study. In this connection type, precast column longitudinal bars are protruded out of the column and are inserted into grout-filled ducts matching the number and configuration of the column bars. A state-of-the-art review of the grouted duct connection studies and bridge component tests utilizing this connection type is presented. A preliminary design equation for duct connection filled with conventional grout is proposed based on the data collected from the literature. Subsequently, the validity of this equation is evaluated through pullout testing of 12 full-scale grouted-duct specimens. Finally, a refined design equation is proposed based on all available test data, and construction guidelines are developed to facilitate the use of grouted duct ABC column connections in high seismic regions. These design and construction guidelines were proposed to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for possible adoption as national specifications.

One can easily argue that we are in the midst of an RF engineering golden age. RF systems have become ubiquitous in modern society. In fact, our lives depend on and, in many cases, revolve around RF and wireless systems. This trend will continue as communications connectivity increases with improved capability worldwide and autonomous vehicles and autonomous manufacturing become the norm.

Kappan authors have expressed concern about the number and quality of teachers entering the workforce for at least 100 years. In this monthly column, Teresa Preston explores what authors have said about the personal qualities and training that teachers need. Common threads include a recognition that intelligence does not necessarily equate to teaching success and concern that alternate pathways were bringing unqualified teachers into classrooms.

Advanced certification in nursing professional development is scheduled to launch fall 2021. This column delineates the eligibility, submission, and recertification requirements and shares lessons learned about portfolio development from the nursing professional development specialists who developed the certification processes. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2021;52(10):449–451.]

News Values vs. Gospel Values. Religious messages in the media – case study of celebrity gossip column “Virtues and Vices”. By conveying religious messages through a media communication channel, researches often point to the “news non-value” of religious events. This is a conflict between “news values” (headed by conflict) and “gospel values” (which are Christian virtues). However, some religious topics are also interesting for the secular media. Among them, the most popular are the stories and fortunes of well-known people (and their private lives). The Slovak weekly, “.týždeň”, has published a regular column of Virtues and Vices, since 2011, in which celebrities – including many Christians – openly talk about their strengths and weaknesses. This study offers a content analysis of the presented virtues and vices; answering the question, what (Christian) virtues and their negations are of interest to the secular media?

In combinatorics, a latin square is a $n\times n$ matrix filled with n different symbols, each occurring exactly once in each row and exactly once in each column. Associated to each latin square, we can define a simple graph called a latin square graph. In this article, we compute lower and upper bounds for the domination number and the k-tuple total domination numbers of such graphs. Moreover, we describe a formula for the 2-tuple total domination number., To appear in Graphs and Combinatorics

In recent years, steel or composite beam-column connections have drawn increasing praise due to the rapid development of assembled steel structures. However, limited researches have paid attention to the analytical behavior of square hollow column-beam joints. This work presents a numerical study on the static and cyclic behavior of the connections between a square hollow steel column and I-beam. Finite element analytical modeling of the joint was performed considering complex contact interactions and material models. Six different connections were evaluated by using ABAQUS. The modeling techniques used in this work, including the mesh and element types, the material properties, and the contact elements, were validated by comparing the numerical results of a through plate connection model with the experimental study results. Good agreement between the test and analytical results was observed in terms of the failure modes and the hysteretic behavior. Based on numerical results, the failure mode, moment-rotation curves for the SHS column to steel beam connections were discussed.

High-volume testing of clinical specimens for sexually transmitted diseases is performed frequently by a process known as group testing. This algorithmic process involves testing portions of specimens from separate individuals together as one unit (or "group") to detect diseases. Retesting is performed on groups that test positively in order to differentiate between positive and negative individual specimens. The overall goal is to use the least number of tests possible across all individuals without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. One of the most efficient group testing algorithms is array testing. In its simplest form, specimens are arranged into a grid-like structure so that row and column groups can be formed. Positive-testing rows/columns indicate which specimens to retest. With the growing use of multiplex assays, the increasing number of diseases tested by these assays, and the availability of subject-specific risk information, opportunities exist to make this testing process even more efficient. We propose specific specimen arrangements within an array that can reduce the number of retests needed when compared with other array testing algorithms. We examine how to calculate operating characteristics, including the expected number of tests and the SD for the number of tests, and then subsequently find a best arrangement. Our methods are illustrated for chlamydia and gonorrhea detection with the Aptima Combo 2 Assay. We also provide R functions to make our research accessible to laboratories.

Composite section has been used for many advantages than using steel or reinforced concrete alone. The main advantages of composite sections are enhancing the capacity of section, prevent local buckling, reduce the general buckling, achieve greater stiffness, resist fire, ... etc. Composite sections have been widely used in high towers and skyscrapers. For the factories and industrial buildings, steel structures only may be used. Civil defense regulations require using high cost special paintings for fire resistance, or the other solution is to cover the lower part with a thick layer of reinforced concrete. We can treat this part of the column as a composite section. This will result in what we can name a partial composite column. Most of the current design codes don't mention the behavior of this system (partial composite column) due to the lack of both experimental data and practical experience. Therefore this paper studies the behavior and the critical buckling load of such systems using Sap 2000 v11.04 finite element modeling software.

This column explores the concept of authenticity in the psychosocial development of students with gifts and talents. The author describes how authenticity is critical to students’ psychological well-being, particularly as it relates to their identity formation.

Background: In weak clay soil, a proper ground improvement technique using a stone column can be limited by the absence of sufficient lateral confining pressure. Stone columns should be strengthened to provide the minimum required lateral confining pressure. Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the significant improvement of the composite stone columns compared to the conventional stone columns by comparing the bearing capacity enhancement and the treated soil stiffness for both models. Composite stone columns with a solid concrete part at the top-head not only enhance the bearing capacity of the stone columns but also decrease the bulging failure and increase the surrounding soil stiffness. Methods: The 2D finite element analyses were carried out to simulate an experimental study conducted by Ambily and Gandhi on conventional stone columns. ABAQUS software program with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion for soft clay soil and stones was used in the simulation. First, a preliminary numerical model was created to simulate the experiment model. Similar material properties, boundary conditions, and constraints were considered in the preliminary model. The results were compared, and they were similar to the experimental results. During this process, the efficiency of the numerical model was confirmed. Second, the same numerical model was performed for the composite stone columns without modifying the material properties, boundary conditions, and constraints of the preliminary model. The parameters that influence the composite stone column bearing capacity as the length of the concrete part, the stress concentration ratio, and the shear strength of the surrounding soil, were all studied. Results: The data obtained from the aforesaid study was used along with ABAQUS software package. Compared to existing work, our approach achieves a significant correlation, and it indicates that the solid concrete part increases the surrounding soil stiffness, in addition to increasing the bearing capacity of the stone column. The solid concrete part resists bulging deformation by moving the bulging failure downward where the confining pressure is larger. The stress concentration ratio increases with the length of the solid concrete part. Conclusion: Composite stone columns have a significant influence on the improvement of weak clay soil and increase the bearing capacity of soil under superstructures. Furthermore, they also increase the stiffness of weak soil around the column. The magnitude of weak soil improvement by using composite stone columns is greater than conventional stone columns. Therefore, composite stone columns are more efficient and effective than conventional stone columns.

Helical architectures including artwork and monuments, such us the Trajan’s column from Rome, were constructed as early as in the year 113 while the assemblies and the self-organizations of biologi...

The objective of the training is to provide an overview of decision-making process using the PACED (Problem, Alternative, Criteria, Evaluated and Decision) method for business players in Surabaya. The PACED method is developed by YEP USAID to meet the need of financial literacy improvement training. The first stage of this method is to determine the problem which then is translated to our goal, then look for alternatifs to solve the problem, identify the criteria that make it easier for us to make choices, then evaluated by setting a point for each column that is connected between alternatifs and its criteria. Then, sum up all of the points awarded. The alternatif that gets the biggest score becomes the decision to solve the problem. The PACED method is applied to the SMEs who received financial assistance from the government worth 2.4 million rupiah. The funds must be allocated for certain business alternatifs, such as purchasing production machines, raw materials, creating digital marketing content and (marketing) events. The criteria are: cost requirement 0-1 million, cost requirement 1.1-2.4 million, require a long time, covering operational costs, and provide business sustainability. From 26 participants who took part in the training activities, 80% chose to create digital marketing content for their business sustainability.