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This paper proposes three modified memristor ratioed logic (MRL) gates: NOT, NOR and A AND (NOR B) (i.e., A · B ¯ ), each of which only needs 1 memristor and 1 NMOS. Based on the modified MRL gates, we design some combinational logic circuits, including 1-bit comparator, 3-bit binary encoder, 3-bit binary decoder and 4:1 multiplexer. Furthermore, an improved multifunctional logic module is proposed, which contains one NMOS transistor and five memristors, and can implement AND, OR and XOR logic operations. Using this multifunctional logic module, a 4-bit comparator and a 1-bit full adder are designed. Finally, the proposed combinational logic circuits are verified by LTSPICE simulations. Compared with other memristor-based logic circuits and the traditional CMOS technology, the proposed logic circuits have made great progress in reducing delay, power consumption and the number of transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has generally been believed that the lattice thermal conductivity (κ L) is mainly contributed by acoustic phonons and the contribution of optical phonons can be neglected in crystalline materials. However, in this work, we demonstrate that the contribution of optical phonons play an important role in the complex structural low- κ L oxides. The mode-wised κ L of three representative oxides, MgO, BaHfO 3 and La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , with different structural complexity was calculated using first-principles phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) method. It is found that the contribution of optical phonons become significant as the structural complexity increases. Especially, for La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , the κ L is dominated by optical phonons due to the large density of states. Optical phonons exhibit amorphous-like phonon-phonon scattering characteristics that are different from those of acoustic phonons. Furthermore, calculations for materials other than the three representative oxides were conducted and the results confirmed the validity of our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the development of the market of modern microelectronics, methods are required that allow continuously increasing the productivity and energy efficiency of semiconductor products and, at the same time, reducing the required minimum area of the crystal while maintaining its functionality. Therefore, the integration of nonvolatile elements (memristors) and CMOS technologies, as well as the creation of methods for synthesizing digital circuits with smmristor functional units—memristor logic (MeMOS logic)—are urgent problems. The paper proposes a block method for the synthesis of hybrid MeMOS circuits, using minterm maps, which makes it possible to simultaneously synthesize a MeMOS circuit and optimize it. Examples of the synthesis of combinational (Exclusive OR) and sequential (RS-trigger) schemes. The existing and new variants of solutions to problems of the synthesis of combinational and sequential integrated circuits with memristors are considered. It is shown that the average power dissipated RS-trigger is 7.7 μW for the standard logic and 2.2 μW for the memristor logic. The power consumption of the XOR circuit is 13 μW for the standard logic and 9.2 μW for the memristor logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the digitalization of fandom and the fandomization of digital platforms have both been discussed recently, this study intends to analyze how the logic of digital fandom was formalized in fans' everyday media practices. Specifically, the study examines the new trends of digital fandoms in China from the perspective of emotional capitalism. Based on long-termed participated observation and semi-structural interviews, the study argues that the emotional engagement of digital fan practice was legitimated by the incarnation of virtual fan objects, the datafication of emotional labor, and the re-imagination of multi-social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: This paper aims to propose a social enterprise legitimation mechanism by combining the established logic and transformational logic to test the validity of the conceptual model. Design/methodology/approach: The authors construct the theoretical framework based on integrating organizational identity theory, attention-based view and collected 128 social enterprises data during the post-pandemic period in China. The authors applied multiple hierarchical regression analysis and mediation analysis to test the research hypothesis. Findings: The results show that strong organizational identity contributes significantly to the cognitive legitimacy of social enterprise. Besides, we found that social welfare logic and digital transformation can positively mediate the correlation between organizational identity and cognitive legitimacy. Practical implications: Social enterprises enhance legitimacy significantly by social welfare logic comparing with commercial logic, which indicates that social enterprises should allocate more internal resources and attention to present the organization's social value through various distributions. More importantly, social enterprises should embrace digital transformation to enhance transparency and efficiency, decrease transaction costs, enlarge organizational social impact to strengthen cognitive legitimacy. Originality/value: The paper first proposed and empirically tested that digital transformation is an important mechanism to enhance the social enterprise's cognitive legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a low power 12-bit 10-MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital convert (ADC) for bio-signal signal processing in wearable sensor systems. A weighted sampling time technique applied to a capacitor digital to analog converter (C-DAC) is employed to reduce the power consumption of the conventional SAR ADC with minimum performance sacrifice. The proposed technique helped reduce its energy consumed by MSB, MSB-1, MSB-6, and MSB-7 capacitors by more than 40% compared with that of the conventional C-DAC. Another technique, a voltage scaling method is also employed to lower the power supply voltage from 1.2 to 0.6 V for all the digital logics except the output registers, such that it results in a power reduction of 70%. The proposed ADC is implemented with the standard CMOS 65 nm 1-poly 6-metal n-well process. The ADC achieves DNL/INL of ± 1.2LSB/ ± 1.5LSB, ENOB of 10.3-b, power consumption of 31.2 μW, and Walden FoM of 2.7fJ/step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the growing industry of digital self-tracking technologies designed for the female body, popularly known as femtech. Focusing mainly on reproductive technologies and applications, it situates femtech within the broader historical context of excluding women from research on medicine and clinical trials. Approaching femtech as datafied body projects, we argue that, even though these digital reproductive health technologies enhance user capacity for self-knowledge by quantifying reproduction, they raise apprehensions about issues of reproductive surveillance. These datafied body projects are not only technology-driven, but are also shaped by the neo-liberal ethos in which the state-corporate nexus shifts the onus of health management to participatory individuated forms, deemed as "empowering," while simultaneously harnessing this user-generated data for control and profit. Finally, we argue that merely representing women in all spheres of health and procuring data on the female body is insufficient to address the larger concerns of gender in health. A more close-grained approach that addresses the structural embeddedness of exploitation of the female body for profit and the masculine epistemology around which these technologies are built is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-carbon field-effect transistors, which combine carbon nanotubes and graphene hold great promise for many applications such as digital logic devices and single-photon emitters. However, the understanding of the physical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene hybrid systems in such devices remained limited. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use a quantum transport model for field-effect transistors based on graphene electrodes and CNT channels to explain the experimentally observed low on currents. We find that large graphene/CNT spacing and short contact lengths limit the device performance. We have also elucidated in this work the experimentally observed ambipolar transport behavior caused by the flat conduction- and valence-bands and describe non-ideal gate-control of the contacts and channel region by the quantum capacitance of graphene and the carbon nanotube. We hope that our insights will accelerate the design of efficient all-carbon field-effect transistors. The need for reduced dimensions of future devices pushes the limits of essential Si-based components and so alternative materials, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene, are being investigated as alternatives, but with new materials come new challenges. Here, the authors experimentally and theoretically investigate the on-currents for all-carbon transistors finding that contact spacing and length plays an important role in device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 160 MHz bandwidth 90° active RC–CR phase shifter with integrated on-line amplitude locked loop (ALL) calibration targeted to 802.11ac 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented in this paper. The quadrature phase shifter is a key component for transceivers employing the Hartley image rejection architecture. The passive RC–CR phase shifter generates the required two quadrature outputs with an accurate 90° phase shift over the required bandwidth but lack the required accuracy in amplitude matching. A 90 nm CMOS microelectronic implementation of an RC–CR phase shifter is proposed with active resistors that are adjusted by an integrated on-line ALL calibration system to maintain matching amplitudes of the quadrature outputs over the required bandwidth. The on-line ALL calibration system employs peak detectors, comparators, digital logic control, and charge pump to incrementally adjust the active resistors while converging to matched amplitudes similar to the operation of phase-locked loop with a phase-frequency detector and charge pump. The resulting 90 nm implementation supports − 40db to − 70db image rejection ratios (IMMRs) over the IF 170 MHz to 330 MHz bandwidth. The 90 nm CMOS implementation is fully functional considering process variations based on 200 Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory exercise has been included in the junior year fall term to partially bridge the theory to practice gap for multiple basic electrical and computer engineering topics. The laboratory investigates facets of power electronics and computer control for students who have recently been introduced to the theory of transistor bridge circuits for voltage polarity control in their electronics class, and digital pulse width modulation for DC motor speed control in their first computer logic class. After brief study of its specification, students follow a lab sequence to set up and instrument a commercial H-bridge to first record polarity and magnitude of output voltages under specified input conditions, and subsequently to observe DC motor response to the same inputs. DC power polarity and averaging through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), as well as the collateral realities of brushed DC motor noise and logic versus power supply levels become clear to most student for the very first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his short and often quoted essay 'Postscript on the Societies of Control', Gilles Deleuze famously describes the structures of power in the dawning twenty-first century as driven by 'machines of a third type, computers', as novel and predominantly digital infrastructures. In fact, from a Deleuzian perspective the entire ecosystem of the digital transformation can be described as a larger shift in modes of production and the political economy. This essay proposes to read this 'technological evolution' as the power of algorithms and their material substance – digital infrastructures that entail a different mode of interaction between humans and technology. In looking at these infrastructures from a materialist position, my essay reconceptualises the digital as the unfolding logic of assemblages that have been shaping a 'long now' of technological modernity. In bringing a Deleuzian reading of infrastructures to the study of technology and society, this essay seeks to shed a new light on the political function – and the increasing abstraction – of infrastructures in the realm of the digital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread use of computers, in the design world, rule-based design methods, which can work in harmony with computer logic and can be easily adapted to the computer environment, have come to the fore. It is possible to analyze the logic of a design made with the rule-based design method. It is even possible to change the design which is placed on the rule base by removing the rules, in the computer environment, or creating new designs with the same design logic. In this paper, a new hybrid model is proposed based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (IT2 FANP) and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy TOPSIS (IT2 Fuzzy TOPSIS) for the evaluation of store plan alternatives produced with rule-based design method. The IT2 FANP method is used to determine the weight of criteria determined by experts in the selection of store plan alternatives. Then, the IT2 Fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to obtain the ranking of alternatives with Interval Type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The originality of the paper comes from the first-time usage of a hybrid approach based on IT2 FANP and IT2 Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology in the prioritizing of store plan alternatives produced with rule-based design method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Chinese medicine, asthma cases contain a large amount of empirical data which are obtained from the clinical diagnosis of doctors throughout the year. Data correlation analysis method is among the common mechanisms which are used to mine association between the (1) prescriptions and prescribers (doctors in this case) and (2) symptoms and medications for a particular disease in the hospitals. In this paper, initially, a thorough analysis of expected performance and shortcomings of the Apriori algorithm in mining of medical case data is presented. Secondly, we propose an extended version of the traditional Apriori algorithm which is primarily based on the fast response of computer to bit-string logic operation. A comparative evaluation of the proposed and existing Apriori algorithms is presented particularly in terms of running time, mining of frequent items set and strong association rules. Both experimental and simulation results have proved that the proposed extended Apriori algorithm has outperformed existing algorithms when it is applied to asthma medication and combined symptom-medication data for the association analysis. Furthermore, the association relationship between mind asthma case data and medication is effective in the analysis of asthma case data with significant application value which is verified by the experimental data and observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virtual view HT ht that relates to the bended view V(E) from Fig. We show that for all traffic snapshots HT ht , which are reachable from HT ht , the safety formula HT ht remains valid. E,csE ht (4) is used. [Extracted from the article]

Join the enriched rule sets HT ht and HT ht to obtain the joint GTS HT ht . Synchronize HT ht with A to obtain the enriched environment HT ht (which is a GTS). Synchronize HT ht with A to obtain the enriched system HT ht (which is a GTS). For the semantics, the three logical values HT ht , HT ht , and HT ht , which is a "middle ground" between HT ht and HT ht , are used. [Extracted from the article]

Small data theorizing encompasses the ways communities of collaborators deliberate over the status of data through a set of three mediational logics that pose alternatives to datafication. Small data theorizing is a way of generalizing a framework for understanding the role of the collaborators in digital archiving and database design processes, which often involve both communication researchers and ordinary institutions, such as universities and museums. This framework for mediational logics extends the critiques of big data theory, and its monolithic claims about autonomous technologies and power in society, by elaborating the ways people actively maintain their connectedness to data in archival design. At the same time, it joins critical communication theory's central concerns about power with a praxis. This can help all communication researchers in seeing how communities are theorizing practical alternatives to archives that are designed for big data and their ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest efforts in digital fluidic circuits' research aim at being electronics‐free, light‐weight, and compliant controllers for soft robots; however, challenges arise to adjust the fluidic circuit's digital logic operations. Currently there is no other way to modulate the amplitude or frequency but to structurally redesign the entire fluidic circuitry. This is mainly because there is currently no method to create an analog circuit‐like behavior in the digital fluidic circuits using conventional digitized fluidic gates. In this work, a new approach is presented to designing a circuit with digitized fluidic gates that is comparable to an analog circuit capable of actively tuning the circuit's fluidic characteristics, such as pressure gain, amplitude of output, and time response. For the first time, a pressure‐controlled oscillator is modeled, designed, and prototyped that not only controls the fluidic oscillation, but also modulates its frequency using only a single, quasi‐static pressure input. It can also demonstrate the circuit's performance for the control of a soft robotic system by actively modulating the motion of a soft earthworm robot up to twice of crawling speeds. This work has distinct contributions to designing and building intelligent pneumatic controllers toward truly comprehensive soft robotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of interactive technologies using projection mapping (PJM), these digital technologies have introduced new interpretative possibilities for the presentation of cultural heritage sites. PJM attracts more visitors with greater expectations to cultural heritage sites through its excellent visual effects and guidance capabilities. In the past decade, especially after 2015, design events have frequently introduced digital projections to cultural heritage sightseeing spots worldwide. However, this trend has also led to the emergence of many digital projection events that merely exhibit beautiful projection effects on buildings and neglect to show the history and value of the cultural heritage site. Based on this phenomenon, this study compiled and analyzed 45 related cases of PJM applications at cultural heritage sites around the world from the past 5 years. These 45 examples were studied by disassembling the projection content, analyzing the information characteristics exhibited in each projection video, and arranging the obtained data on a timeline chart for analysis. According to the data, two information characteristics of PJM at cultural heritage sites can be observed: "the relationship between projection content and heritage" and "information tendency." The advantages and limitations of these characteristics were distinguished and suggestions for the application of PJM on cultural heritage sites were derived. These results can be used as a reference for other research studies on visitors to cultural heritage sites and improving digital interpretation and presentation designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I address the unsolved problem of how the eighteenth-century optical machine generated an illusion of spatial depth and why variations of the apparatus continued to be produced well into the twentieth century when it should have been superseded by technically superior devices such as the stereoscope. I trace, across a diverse constellation of artefacts, design themes and variations that I take as evidence of embedded artisanal knowledge. Optical machine design was inconsistent with eighteenth-century optics, as exemplified by the camera obscura and linear perspective. It reflected an emergent paradigm according to which the forms of the external world are projected by the mind upon incomplete sense data—a process of world-production that philosophers were attempting to explain using metaphors of optical devices like the concave mirror and theater stage. My emphasis on asynchronous progress is a corrective to Jonathan Crary's Foucauldian model of homogenous, successive "scopic regimes." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present day, optical communication technology is proving to be one of the potential replacements to the current electronic-based systems due to its much higher data transmission rate with low loss and electromagnetic interference. This paper designed and simulated our proposed circuit of a digital photonic even parity bit error detection system that is widely employed for the long-range digital signal transmission. Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators are used as their core component. Each of the rings is configured to operate as a digital logic XOR mode by taking advantage of the silicon waveguide's resonance shifting properties. Dynamic response characterization was carried out by simulating the proposed circuits at the data rate of 1-Gbps, with the data sampling rate of 1.6-THz. A clear timing waveform was generated to confirm that the proposed circuit operates as the parity bit error detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let CMSO denote the counting monadic second-order logic of graphs. We give a constructive proof that for some computable function f, there is an algorithm A that takes as input a CMSO sentence ', a positive integer t, and a connected graph G of maximum degree at most -, and determines, in time f(j'j; t) x 20(t) x jGjO(t), whether G has a supergraph G0 of treewidth at most t such that G0 j= '. The algorithmic metatheorem described above sheds new light on certain unresolved questions within the framework of graph completion algorithms. In particular, using this metatheorem, we provide an explicit algorithm that determines, in time f(d)x2O(d)xjGjO(d), whether a connected graph of maximum degree x has a planar supergraph of diameter at most d. Additionally, we show that for each fixed k, the problem of determining whether G has an k-outerplanar supergraph of diameter at most d is strongly uniformly fixed parameter tractable with respect to the parameter d. This result can be generalized in two directions. First, the diameter parameter can be replaced by any contraction-closed effectively CMSO-definable parameter p. Examples of such parameters are vertex-cover number, dominating number, and many other contractionbidimensional parameters. In the second direction, the planarity requirement can be relaxed to bounded genus, and more generally, to bounded local treewidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the logic |${\textsf{ITL}}^{e}$|⁠ , a variant of intuitionistic linear temporal logic that is interpreted over the class of dynamic Kripke frames. These are bi-relational structures of the form |$ \langle{W, \preccurlyeq , f}\rangle $| where |$\preccurlyeq $| is a partial order on |$W$| and |$f: W \to W$| is a |$\preccurlyeq $| -monotone function. Our main result answers a question recently raised by Boudou et al. (2017, A decidable intuitionistic temporal logic. In Computer Science Logic 2017 , pp. 14:1–14:17. Vol. 82 of LIPIcs) about axiomatizing this logic. We provide an axiomatization of |${\textsf{ITL}}^{e}$| and prove its strong completeness with respect to the class of all dynamic Kripke frames. The proposed axiomatization is infinitary; it has two derivation rules with countably many premises and one conclusion. It should be mentioned that |${\textsf{ITL}}^{e}$| is semantically non-compact, so no finitary proof system for this logic could be strongly complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its high energy efficiency and ultra-high speed, processing-in-memory (PIM) technology is promising to enable high performance in Reservoir Computing (RC) systems. In this work, we demonstrate an RC system based on an as-fabricated PIM chip platform. The RC system extracts input into a high-dimensional space through the nonlinear characteristic and randomly connected reservoir states inside the PIM-based RC. To examine the system, nonlinear dynamic system predictions, including nonlinear auto-regressive moving average equation of order 10 driven time series, isolated spoken digit recognition task, and recognition of alphabet pronunciation, are carried out. The system saves about 50% energy and requires much fewer operations as compared with the RC system implemented with digital logic. This paves a pathway for the RC algorithm application in PIM with lower power consumption and less hardware resource required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new low-voltage low-power circuit is introduced for implementing CMOS-based basic logic functions using the analog current-mode techniques. The logic functions have been realized by using their expansion in Power Series representation, a Squaring circuit and a Geometric Mean circuit. To illustrate the proposed method, simultaneous realization of the basic logic functions NOT, OR, AND, XOR, NOR, NAND and XNOR in a single circuit is considered. Furthermore, these functions have been used to realize various combinational circuits including full-adder, full-subtractor, etc. SPICE simulation results, obtained with 1.5-V supply, are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English & Cultural Studies is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CCE Departamento de Pos-Graduacao em Lingua Englesa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Handlungsformen, die als charakteristisch bezeichnet werden können, sind beispielsweise Auseinandersetzungen zwischen einer Personengruppe und der Polizei, das Zerstören von Ladengeschäften, die Aneignung von Gegenständen aus Geschäften, Zerstörung von Gegenständen im öffentlichen Raum, das in Brand setzen von Gebäuden oder Gegenständen wie Mülltonnen, Autoreifen oder (Polizei-) Autos, das Errichten von Straßenbarrikaden, das Blockieren von Straßen oder das Abhalten unangemeldeter spontaner Kundgebungen. Grundsätzlich kann festgestellt werden, dass in den vergangenen zehn Jahren das Forschungsinteresse an I riots i merklich gestiegen ist, was sich auch in der verstärkten Auseinandersetzung der Protest- und Bewegungsforschung mit I riots i als Untersuchungsfeld widerspiegelt. Eingeordnet werden; 2) die Betrachtung der Frage, inwiefern I riots i selbst das Objekt politischer Debatten werden (ebd.: 4 f.); 3) den Einbezug politischer Subjektivierungsprozesse während der I riots i (ebd.: 6 f.; dazu auch Frenzel et al. 2016: 20). Weiterhin hat sich gezeigt, dass der Begriff der I contentious politics i dabei helfen kann, I riots i als Protest wissenschaftlich greifbar und im Feld der Protestforschung zum Thema zu machen. [Extracted from the article]

Combinatorial games are widely used in finite model theory, constraint satisfaction, modal logic and concurrency theory to characterize logical equivalences between structures. In particular, Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé games, pebble games and bisimulation games play a central role. We show how each of these types of games can be described in terms of an indexed family of comonads on the category of relational structures and homomorphisms. The index |$k$| is a resource parameter that bounds the degree of access to the underlying structure. The coKleisli categories for these comonads can be used to give syntax-free characterizations of a wide range of important logical equivalences. Moreover, the coalgebras for these indexed comonads can be used to characterize key combinatorial parameters: tree depth for the Ehrenfeucht–Fraïssé comonad, tree width for the pebbling comonad and synchronization tree depth for the modal unfolding comonad. These results pave the way for systematic connections between two major branches of the field of logic in computer science, which hitherto have been almost disjoint: categorical semantics and finite and algorithmic model theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-spin logic (ASL) is a novel approach for digital logic applications wherein spin is used as the state variable instead of charge. One of the challenges in realizing a practical ASL system is the need to ensure non-reciprocity, meaning the information flows from input to output, not vice versa. One approach described previously, is to introduce an asymmetric ground contact, and while this approach was shown to be effective, it remains unclear as to the optimal approach for achieving nonreciprocity in ASL. In this study, we quantitatively analyze techniques to achieve non-reciprocity in ASL devices, and we specifically compare the effect of using asymmetric ground position and dipole-coupled output/input isolation. For this analysis, we simulate the switching dynamics of multiple-stage logic devices with FePt and FePd perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials using a combination of a matrix-based spin circuit model coupled to the Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert equation. The dipole field is included in this model and can act as both a desirable means of coupling magnets and a source of noise. The dynamic energy consumption has been calculated for these schemes, as a function of input/output magnet separation, and the results show that using a scheme that electrically isolates logic stages produces superior non-reciprocity, thus allowing both improved scaling and reduced energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic devices based on 2D materials have exhibited outstanding figures of merit. However, the fabrication of 2D diodes still relies on manual or semi‐automated handling processing. To unleash their commercial potential, the integration of 2D materials into a fully‐automated fabrication line is a critical step. Here, the focused ion‐beam writing as an automated approach to construct lateral diodes on a 2D heterostructure (MoSe2/G) consisting of graphene and MoSe2 is elucidated. Se‐defects generated by focused ion writing endow the 2D heterostructure with unique electronic properties, which allows for the construction of the barrier at the boundary of the writing and non‐writing region. Benefiting from this feature, the ion‐beam‐written heterostructure is used to realize rectifying and current regulating diodes. Exhibiting comparable performance to traditional diodes, the rectifying diode has a rectification ratio of ≈104, while the current regulative diode has a dynamic resistance larger than 4.5 MΩ. Furthermore, to illustrate practical applications of these diodes in digital logic electronics, AND and OR logic gates are directly inscribed on the heterostructure by ion beams. This work demonstrates focused ion‐beam writing as an additional strategy for direct‐writing of 2D diodes on graphene‐based heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report a type of dynamic effect that is at the core of the so called "counterfactual computation" and especially "counterfactual communication" quantum effects that have generated a lot of interest recently. The basic feature of these counterfactual setups is the fact that particles seem to be affected by actions that take place in locations where they never (more precisely, only with infinitesimally small probability) enter. Specifically, the communication/computation takes place without the quantum particles that are supposed to be the information carriers travelling through the communication channel or entering the logic gates of the computer. Here we show that something far more subtle is taking place: It is not necessary for the particle to enter the region where the controlling action takes place; it is enough for the controlled property of the particle, (i.e., the property that is being controlled by actions in the control region), to enter that region. The presence of the controlled property, without the particle itself, is possible via a quantum Cheshire Cat type effect in which a property can be disembodied from the particle that possesses it. At the same time, we generalize the quantum Cheshire Cat effect to dynamical settings, in which the property that is "disembodied" from the particle possessing it propagates in space, and leads to a flux of "disembodied" conserved quantities. In quantum mechanics, counterfactual behaviours are generally associated with particles being affected by events taking place where they can't be found. Here, the authors consider extended quantum Cheshire cat scenarios where a particle can be influenced in regions where only its disembodied property has entered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article advances a new theory of the digital democratic affordance, a concept first introduced by Lincoln Dahlberg to devise a taxonomy of the democratic capacities of digital media applications. Whereas Dahlberg classifies digital media affordances on the basis of preexisting democratic positions, the article argues that the primary affordance of digital media is to abate the costs of political participation. This cost-reducing logic of digital media has diverging effects on political participation. On an institutional level, digital democracy applications allow elected representatives to monitor and consult their constituents, closing some gaps in the circuits of representation. On a societal level, digital media allow constituents to organize and represent their own interests directly. In the former case, digital affordances work instrumentally in the service of representative democracy; in the latter, digital democratic affordances provide a mobilized public with emerging tools that put pressure on the autonomy of representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of pulse stretching (skew-sized) inverters for monitoring the variation of count rate and linear energy transfer (LET) of energetic particles. The basic particle detector is a cascade of two pulse stretching inverters, and the required sensing area is obtained by connecting up to 12 two-inverter cells in parallel and employing the required number of parallel arrays. The incident particles are detected as single-event transients (SETs), whereby the SET count rate denotes the particle count rate, while the SET pulsewidth distribution depicts the LET variations. The advantage of the proposed solution is the possibility to sense the LET variations using fully digital processing logic. SPICE simulations conducted on IHP’s 130-nm CMOS technology have shown that the SET pulsewidth varies by approximately 550 ps over the LET range from 1 to 100 MeV ⋅ cm2 ⋅ mg−1. The proposed detector is intended for triggering the fault-tolerant mechanisms within a self-adaptive multiprocessing system employed in space. It can be implemented as a standalone detector or integrated in the same chip with the target system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that ω-languages of (non-deterministic) Petri nets and ω-languages of (nondeterministic) Turing machines have the same topological complexity: the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of the class of ω-languages of (non-deterministic) Petri nets are equal to the Borel and Wadge hierarchies of the class of ω-languages of (non-deterministic) Turing machines. We also show that it is highly undecidable to determine the topological complexity of a Petri net ω-language. Moreover, we infer from the proofs of the above results that the equivalence and the inclusion problems for ω-languages of Petri nets are ∏ 2 1 -complete, hence also highly undecidable. Additionally, we show that the situation is quite the opposite when considering unambiguous Petri nets, which have the semantic property that at most one accepting run exists on every input. We provide a procedure of determinising them into deterministic Muller counter machines with counter copying. As a consequence, we entail that the ω-languages recognisable by unambiguous Petri nets are △ 3 0 sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the emblematic case of a test room and its relation to digital modelling. This space is the result of a multi-optimization process that has been physically built for the verification of the initial hypotheses. As a result, it is actually a Physical Twin, designed to be transformable by removing a wall. The same space, on the other hand, has become useful for testing the Digital Twin logic by associating a BIM model with a dynamic representation of the data captured by the sensors. The representation is thus placed at the core of this cyclic phase between reality and representation, with the goal of validating the proposed theories through empirical practice, improving digital computational ability, and identifying pathways for monitoring space's interactions with the environment and those who live in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The importance of intuitionistic temporal logics in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence has become increasingly clear in the last few years. From the proof-theory point of view, intuitionistic temporal logics have made it possible to extend functional programming languages with new features via type theory, while from the semantics perspective, several logics for reasoning about dynamical systems and several semantics for logic programming have their roots in this framework. We consider several axiomatic systems for intuitionistic linear temporal logic and show that each of these systems is sound for a class of structures based either on Kripke frames or on dynamic topological systems. We provide two distinct interpretations of "henceforth", both of which are natural intuitionistic variants of the classical one. We completely establish the order relation between the semantically defined logics based on both interpretations of "henceforth" and, using our soundness results, show that the axiomatically defined logics enjoy the same order relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicene has attracted remarkable attention in the semiconductor research community due to its silicon (Si) nature. It is predicted as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, an efficient non-iterative technique is employed to create the SPICE models for p-type and n-type uniformly doped silicene field-effect transistors (FETs). The current-voltage characteristics show that the proposed silicene FET models exhibit high on-to-off current ratio under ballistic transport. In order to obtain practical digital logic timing diagrams, a parasitic load capacitance, which is dependent on the interconnect length, is attached at the output terminal of the logic circuits. Furthermore, the key circuit performance metrics, including the propagation delay, average power, power-delay product and energy-delay product of the proposed silicene-based logic gates are extracted and benchmarked with published results. The effects of the interconnect length to the propagation delay and average power are also investigated. The results of this work further envisage the uniformly doped silicene as a promising candidate for future nanoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of refugees is increasing (UNHCR, 2019). The experiences of refugees are linked to impaired mental health yet, this population faces barriers to accessing mental health support (Shannon et al. 2016). Digital mental health interventions are increasingly recognised as an avenue for overcoming these barriers (WHO, 2017). The present paper begins by introducing the area of digital approaches to mental health and developments in this area targeted at refugee populations specifically. We then take a step back to look at the wider picture of refugee mental health and technology. Drawing on Toyama's Law of Amplification (2011; 2015) - that successful technical interventions amplify the intent and the capacity of the people involved - we discuss the importance of context, exploring the assumptions, possibilities and potential pitfalls in the use of digital technologies for addressing refugee mental health. We conclude that by collaborating with refugee populations, placing them at the centre of the design process for digital mental health interventions, we stand the greatest chance of creating the most useful tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer science (CS) education finds itself at a pivotal moment to reckon with what it means to accept, use, and create technologies, with the continued recruitment of minoritized students into the field. In this paper, we build on the oral traditions of educating with stories, and take the reader on two journeys. We begin with a story that leads us in thinking about where computer science education is, in the wake of slavery, under the New Jim Code. Within a BlackCrit framework, we shake the grounds of the computer science field, where technologies are often promoted as objective, but reflect and reproduce existing inequalities. In tune with maintaining current systems of power, efforts to broaden participation in computer science have been heavily driven by industry, government, and military interests. These interests ultimately push us farther away from sustainable relations with the earth and with each other, and risk the very lives of the same communities the field claims to help. However, we can rewrite the narratives of the role of technology in our lives. We present a second story in which we place abolitionist theories and practices in conversation with computer science education. In this paper we explore (1) In what ways does computing education support systems that enable Black death? and (2) How might integrating an abolitionist framework into computer science open up possibilities for world-building and dreaming in the name of Black Life? We imagine a different future where computer science is used as a tool in life-affirming, world-building projects. We invite readers to engage with this piece as a part of an active dialogue towards combating anti-Black logics in the field of computer science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]