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251. Association between dd‐cfDNA levels, de novo donor specific antibodies, and eGFR decline: An analysis of the DART cohort

Author

Roy D. Bloom, Shikha Mehta, Jonathan S. Bromberg, Thomas Aeschbacher, Grigoriy Shekhtman, Srinka Ghosh, Deirdre Sawinski, Stanley C. Jordan, Daniel C. Brennan, Tarek Alhamad, Sham Dholakia, Emilio D. Poggio, and Bernard Fischbach

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Oncology, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Surrogate endpoint, business.industry, Donor specific antibodies, Human leukocyte antigen, Egfr decline, Kidney Transplantation, Tissue Donors, HLA Antigens, Isoantibodies, Internal medicine, Cohort, biology.protein, Retrospective analysis, medicine, Humans, Biomarker (medicine), Antibody, business, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) is a marker of allograft injury in transplant recipients; however, the relationship between dd-cfDNA and other clinical parameters associated with adverse allograft outcomes is not well-characterized. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of kidney transplant recipients from the DART cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02424227) to evaluate the associations between eGFR decline, de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA), and dd-cfDNA. RESULTS Both elevated dd-cfDNA (≥1%) and dd-cfDNA variability (≥.34%) in the first post-transplant year were associated with decline in eGFR ≥25% in the second year (21.4% vs. 4.1%, P = .005; 25% vs. 3.6%, P = .002, respectively). Compared to samples from DSA negative patients, samples from patients with concurrent de novo HLA DSAs had higher dd-cfDNA levels (P

Published
2021

252. Development of CMV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CMV-Tc) in pediatric renal transplant recipients with CMV viremia

Author

Bong-Ha Shin, Edmund Huang, Dechu Puliyanda, Stanley C. Jordan, Helen Pizzo, Mieko Toyoda, Jon Garrison, and Mohammad Malekzadeh

Subjects
Graft Rejection, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, T cell, Viremia, Gastroenterology, Antiviral Agents, Lymphocyte Depletion, Young Adult, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Valganciclovir, Seroconversion, Prospective cohort study, Child, Subclinical infection, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, Leukopenia, business.industry, virus diseases, Infant, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Transplant Recipients, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, medicine.symptom, business, CD8, medicine.drug, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract

Background Viral infections are controlled primarily by viral-specific T cells, raising concern for adequate T-cell response to clear CMV infection in transplant recipients receiving lymphocyte-depleting agents (LDA). We examined the rates of CMV viremia and clearance, seroconversion, and CMV-specific CD8+ T cell (CMV-Tc) activity with class of induction agent received. Methods Retrospective review of 45 pediatric renal transplant recipients who received induction with LDA (n = 31) or non-LDA (NLDA; n = 14) received valganciclovir prophylaxis for 6 months post-transplant and CMV-PCR monitoring. CMV-Tc was measured by intracellular IFNγ flow cytometry, when possible, at baseline, 1 month after CMV viremia (>5 copies/PCR) and serially until CMV-Tc was positive (≥0.2%). Results Viremia rates at 1, 2, and 4 years post-transplant were higher in LDA vs. NLDA (46.3% vs. 7.2%, 64.2% vs. 7.2%, and 64.2% vs. 7.2%, respectively; p = .002). Viremia rates at these time points in seronegative LDA (50.3%, 71.6%, 71.6%) were significantly or near significantly higher than seronegative NLDA (9.1%, 9.1%, 9.1%; p = .004), seropositive-LDA (22.3%, 22.3%, 22.3%; p = .07), or seropositive NLDA (0%, 0%, 0%; p = .07). Eleven of 17 (64.7%) viremic subjects required valganciclovir dose reduction during the prophylaxis period for leukopenia. All viremic LDA patients developed CMV-Tc. One viremic NLDA patient did not develop CMV-Tc. No patients developed CMV disease. Conclusion CMV seronegative pediatric renal transplant patients receiving LDA are more likely to have valganciclovir prophylaxis dose reduction and develop subclinical CMV viremia; however, all developed CMV-Tc. Larger prospective studies are needed to further understand the effects of induction agents on CMV-Tc and CMV-Tc's role post-transplant.

Published
2021

253. Comparing Porous Tantalum Fusion Implants and Iliac Crest Bone Grafts for Spondylodesis of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

Author

Timo M. Heintel, Rainer H. Meffert, Hendrik Jansen, and Martin C. Jordan

Subjects
Fusion, Materials science, medicine.anatomical_structure, Porous tantalum, medicine, Iliac crest, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare two different techniques of performing one-level spondylodesis for thoracolumbar burst fractures using either an autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) or a porous tantalum fusion implant (PTFI).Methods: In a prospective nonrandomized study, 44 patients (20 women, 24 men; average age 43.1 ± 13.2 years) suffering from severe thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with combined anterior-posterior stabilization. An ICBG was used in 21 cases, and a PTFI was used in the other 23 cases. A two-year clinical and radiographic follow-up was carried out.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, localization/classification of the fracture, or visual analog scale (VAS) before injury between the two groups. All 44 patients were followed up for an average period of 533 days (range 173 - 1567). The sagittal spinal profile was restored by an average of 11.1° (ICBG) vs. 14.3° (PTFI) (monosegmental Cobb angle). Loss of correction until the last follow-up tended to be higher in the patients treated with ICBG than in those treated with PTFI (mean: 2.8° vs. 1.6°). Furthermore, significantly better restoration of the sagittal profile was obtained with the PTFI than with the iliac bone graft at the long-term follow-up (mean: ICBG 7.8°, PTFI 12.3°; p < 0,005).Conclusion: Short-segment posterior instrumentation combined with anterior one-level spondylodesis using either an ICBG or a PTFI resulted in sufficient correction of posttraumatic segmental kyphosis. PTFI might be a good alternative for autologous bone grafting and prevent donor site morbidities.

Published
2021

254. Comparing porous tantalum fusion implants and iliac crest bone grafts for spondylodesis of thoracolumbar burst fractures: Prospectice Cohort study

Author

Martin C, Jordan, Hendrik, Jansen, Rainer H, Meffert, and Timo M, Heintel

Subjects
Adult, Male, Bone Transplantation, Lumbar Vertebrae, Fracture repair, Musculoskeletal system, Tantalum, Middle Aged, Thoracic Vertebrae, Article, Radiography, Young Adult, Spinal Fusion, Humans, Spinal Fractures, Female, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare two different techniques of performing one-level spondylodesis for thoracolumbar burst fractures using either an autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) or a porous tantalum fusion implant (PTFI). In a prospective nonrandomized study, 44 patients (20 women, 24 men; average age 43.1 ± 13.2 years) suffering from severe thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with combined anterior–posterior stabilization. An ICBG was used in 21 cases, and a PTFI was used in the other 23 cases. A two-year clinical and radiographic follow-up was carried out. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, localization/classification of the fracture, or visual analog scale (VAS) before injury between the two groups. All 44 patients were followed up for an average period of 533 days (range 173–1567). The sagittal spinal profile was restored by an average of 11.1° (ICBG) vs. 14.3° (PTFI) (monosegmental Cobb angle). Loss of correction until the last follow-up tended to be higher in the patients treated with ICBG than in those treated with PTFI (mean: 2.8° vs. 1.6°). Furthermore, significantly better restoration of the sagittal profile was obtained with the PTFI than with the iliac bone graft at the long-term follow-up (mean: ICBG 7.8°, PTFI 12.3°; p

Published
2021

255. Young Adult Survivors of Preterm Birth Are at Increased Risk of Stroke: The Missing Link

Author

Nomazulu Dlamini and Lori C. Jordan

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Article, Microcirculation, Stroke, Young Adult, Increased risk, Premature birth, Ischemic stroke, Medicine, Humans, Premature Birth, Neurology (clinical), Survivors, Young adult, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinicians will increasingly encounter adult patients who were born preterm and will need to understand their long-term sequelae. Adult survivors of preterm birth have been reported to have increased risks of hypertension and other stroke risk factors. However, their stroke risks have seldom been examined and the findings are discrepant, possibly due to small sample sizes, insufficient follow-up, or survivor bias. We examined whether preterm birth is associated with stroke in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: A national cohort study was conducted of all 2,140,866 singletons born in Sweden during 1973–1994 who survived to age 18 years, who were followed up for first-time stroke through 2015 (maximum age 43). Cox regression was used to examine stroke risks associated with gestational age at birth, adjusting for other perinatal and parental factors. Co-sibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. RESULTS: In 28.0 million person-years of follow-up, 4,861 (0.2%) persons were diagnosed with stroke. At ages 18–43 years, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for stroke associated with preterm birth (

Published
2021

257. A Primary Care Agenda for Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Author

Deborah Levine, Farzaneh A. Sorond, Virginia J. Howard, Anthony J. Viera, Lori C. Jordan, Ronald M. Lazar, Walter N. Kernan, David L. Nyenhuis, Katherine L. Possin, Carole L. White, and Hugo J. Aparicio

Subjects
Gerontology, Health Status, Population, Disease, Article, Quality of life (healthcare), Risk Factors, Humans, Medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive decline, Social isolation, education, Stroke, Depression (differential diagnoses), Advanced and Specialized Nursing, education.field_of_study, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Brain, Cognition, American Heart Association, medicine.disease, United States, Social Isolation, Hypertension, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Quality of Life, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk Reduction Behavior
Abstract

A healthy brain is critical for living a longer and fuller life. The projected aging of the population, however, raises new challenges in maintaining quality of life. As we age, there is increasing compromise of neuronal activity that affects functions such as cognition, also making the brain vulnerable to disease. Once pathology-induced decline begins, few therapeutic options are available. Prevention is therefore paramount, and primary care can play a critical role. The purpose of this American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide an up-to-date summary for primary care providers in the assessment and modification of risk factors at the individual level that maintain brain health and prevent cognitive impairment. Building on the 2017 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association presidential advisory on defining brain health that included “Life’s Simple 7,” we describe here modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, including depression, hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, poor diet, smoking, social isolation, excessive alcohol use, sleep disorders, and hearing loss. These risk factors include behaviors, conditions, and lifestyles that can emerge before adulthood and can be routinely identified and managed by primary care clinicians.

Published
2021

262. Holding a MIRror up to the robustness of the prostate cancer urinary transcriptome

Author

Antoinette S. Perry, Adele E. Connor, and Asia C. Jordan

Subjects
Kidney, business.industry, Urology, Urinary system, medicine.disease, Minimal residual disease, Transcriptome, Prostate cancer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, Prostate, Cancer screening, medicine, Cancer research, Liquid biopsy, business
Abstract

There is great interest in the field of liquid biopsies across the field of oncology. They hold exciting promise as a tool to study circulating tumour cells, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, which may aid cancer screening/early detection, monitoring response to therapies and detecting minimal residual disease. Urine is a particularly attractive non-invasive liquid biopsy for urological malignancies, due to its ease of (serial) collection and direct proximity to primary tumour cells of the prostate, bladder and kidney.

Published
2019

263. Website defacement and routine activities: considering the importance of hackers’ valuations of potential targets

Author

C. Jordan Howell, Shradha Sahani, George W. Burruss, and David Maimon

Subjects
Cybercrime, Website defacement, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Internet privacy, Routine activity theory, business, Law, Hacker, Simple (philosophy), Reputation, media_common
Abstract

Although a relatively simple form of hacking, website defacement can have severe consequences both for the websites that are attacked and the reputation of their owners. However, criminological res...

Published
2019

264. The Anterior Subcutaneous Pelvic Ring Fixator

Author

Martin C. Jordan, Anna-Christina Brems, Stefanie Hoelscher-Doht, Hendrik Jansen, Rainer H. Meffert, and Timo M. Heintel

Subjects
Models, Anatomic, External fixator, External Fixators, medicine.medical_treatment, Bone Screws, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Fractures, Bone, Random Allocation, 03 medical and health sciences, Fixation (surgical), External fixation, 0302 clinical medicine, Pelvic ring, medicine, Humans, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Vertical displacement, Pelvic Bones, Orthodontics, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Stiffness, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Equipment Design, General Medicine, Surgical Instruments, Internal Fixators, Biomechanical Phenomena, Surgery, Connecting rod, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous fixation of the anterior pelvic ring is an emerging surgical technique for trauma patients. The aim of this study was to biomechanically evaluate 2 internal fixation devices for stabilizing a disrupted pelvic ring and compare them with traditional external fixation. METHODS Thirty-six synthetic pelvises with a simulated unstable ring fracture (anteroposterior compression type III) were divided into 3 groups. Group A underwent fixation with a supra-acetabular external fixator; group B, with an internal fixator using the USS II polyaxial system; and group C, with an internal fixator using the Click'X polyaxial system. Biomechanical testing included measurement of peak-to-peak displacement at 300, 400, and 500 N; total displacement; plastic deformation; stiffness; and fracture-line displacement. RESULTS Statistical analysis of all measured parameters revealed no significant differences among the groups. However, vertical displacement of the preshaped connecting rod within the screw heads occurred as a result of inadequate stability of the internal fixation at the rod-screw interface. CONCLUSIONS Although internal fixator devices are placed close to the bone and should therefore maintain greater stiffness, our data did not support the hypothesis of superior stability. Special attention is required when using a curved connecting rod as the rod is easily displaced, placing relevant anatomical structures at risk. These devices require further refinement to avoid potential patient injury.

Published
2019

265. Update on C1 Esterase Inhibitor in Human Solid Organ Transplantation

Author

Carmen Lefaucheur, Stanley C. Jordan, and M. Berger

Subjects
Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_treatment, Delayed Graft Function, 030230 surgery, Bioinformatics, C1-inhibitor, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Animals, Humans, Complement Activation, Dialysis, Sensitization, Transplantation, Complement C1s, biology, business.industry, Graft Survival, Organ Transplantation, Eculizumab, Kinin, Allografts, medicine.disease, Complement system, Complement Inactivating Agents, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reperfusion Injury, biology.protein, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein, Kidney disease, medicine.drug
Abstract

Complement plays important roles in both ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of solid organ allografts. One approach to possibly improve outcomes after transplantation is the use of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH), which blocks the first step in both the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation and also inhibits the contact, coagulation, and kinin systems. C1-INH can also directly block leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. C1-INH contrasts with eculizumab and other distal inhibitors, which do not affect C4b or C3b deposition or noncomplement pathways. Authors of reports on trials in kidney transplant recipients have suggested that C1-INH treatment may reduce IRI and delayed graft function, based on decreased requirements for dialysis in the first month after transplantation. This effect was particularly marked with grafts with Kidney Disease Profile Index ≥ 85. Other clinical studies and models suggest that C1-INH may decrease sensitization and donor-specific antibody production and might improve outcomes in AMR, including in patients who are refractory to other modalities. However, the studies have been small and often only single-center. This article reviews clinical data and ongoing trials with C1-INH in transplant recipients, compares the results with those of other complement inhibitors, and summarizes potentially productive directions for future research.

Published
2019

266. Age and Lymphovascular Invasion Accurately Predict Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in T2 Melanoma Patients

Author

Kelly M. McMasters, Prejesh Philips, Charles R. Scoggins, Neal Bhutiani, Megan Stevenson, Michael E. Egger, Adrienne C. Jordan, and Robert C.G. Martin

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin Neoplasms, Lymphovascular invasion, Sentinel lymph node, Metastasis, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Melanoma, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, business.industry, Age Factors, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Sentinel Lymph Node, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The risk of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in melanoma is related directly to tumor thickness and inversely to age. The authors hypothesized that for T2 (thickness 1.1–2.0 mm) melanoma, age, and other factors may be able to identify a cohort of patients with a low risk of SLN metastases. The authors developed logistic regression models to predict positive SLNs in patients undergoing SLN biopsy for T2 melanoma using the National Cancer Database. Classification and regression-tree analysis were used to identify groups of patients with high and low risk for SLN metastases. The prediction model then was applied to a separate data set from a multicenter randomized clinical trial. The study identified 12,918 patients with T2 melanoma undergoing SLN biopsy with clinically node-negative melanoma. In the multivariable analysis, increasing thickness, younger age, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), mitotic rate of 1/mm2 or more, axial location, and Clark level of 4 or 5 were independent risk factors for SLN metastases. A cohort based on age (> 56 years) and no LVI was identified with a relatively low risk (7.8%; 95% confidence interval 7.2–8.4%) of SLN metastases. The independent data set of 1531 patients with T2 melanoma confirmed these findings. Among elderly patients (age > 75 years) with melanoma 1.2 mm or smaller and no LVI, the risk of a positive SLN was 4.9% (95% confidence interval 3.3–7.1%). Younger age and LVI are powerful predictors of SLN metastases for patients with T2 melanoma. This prediction model can inform shared decision-making regarding whether to perform SLN biopsy for older patients with otherwise low-risk T2 melanoma.

Published
2019

268. Stroke Recurrence in Nigerian Children With Sickle Cell Disease: Evidence for a Secondary Stroke Prevention Trial

Author

Lori C. Jordan, Michael R. DeBaun, Shehu U. Abdullahi, Mark Rodeghier, and Najibah A. Galadanci

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Stroke recurrence, Nigeria, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Disease, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Antisickling Agents, Recurrence, Interquartile range, 030225 pediatrics, Secondary Prevention, Humans, Hydroxyurea, Medicine, Pediatric stroke, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Medical prescription, Child, Stroke, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Stroke prevention, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background To improve the quality of care for children with sickle cell anemia in Kano, Nigeria, we initiated a standard care protocol in 2014 to manage children with strokes at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Methods The standard care protocol requires that children with acute strokes be treated with hydroxyurea at a fixed dose of 20 mg/kg/day within two months of the stroke. Results Twenty-nine children with sickle cell anemia and initial stroke were identified based on clinical World Health Organization criteria from 2014 to 2017. Follow-up was a median of 1.04 years (interquartile range 0.43 to 1.83 years) to either July 2017 or a second stroke, corresponding to an initial stroke incidence rate of 0.88 per 100 patient-years. Eight children had a recurrent stroke, six of whom were prescribed hydroxyurea 20 mg/kg/day by two months after initial stroke. Two children died. Six of the recurrent strokes occurred within six months of the initial stroke, two before hydroxyurea prescription. The stroke recurrence rate was 17.4 events per 100 patient-years. Adherence was approximately 60%, partly because families had to pay for hydroxyurea. Stroke incidence is probably underestimated because despite formal training for stroke detection during the quality improvement period, no participant had assessment using a standardized pediatric stroke scale and neuroimaging was not available. Conclusions In children with sickle cell anemia, a high rate of initial and recurrent strokes exists in a low-resource setting. Ongoing needs include training to detect strokes with an objective stroke assessment and government-supported free access to hydroxyurea for stroke prevention.

Published
2019

269. Early clinical experience using donor-derived cell-free DNA to detect rejection in kidney transplant recipients

Author

Edmund Huang, Mark Haas, Reiad Najjar, James Mirocha, Supreet Sethi, Ashley Vo, Stanley C. Jordan, and Alice Peng

Subjects
Adult, Graft Rejection, Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Biopsy, 030230 surgery, Kidney transplant, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibody Specificity, Isoantibodies, Transplantation Immunology, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Donor derived, Allograft biopsy, Immunity, Cellular, Transplantation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, Kidney Transplantation, Tissue Donors, United States, Cell-free fetal DNA, Area Under Curve, Female, business, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids, Area under the roc curve, Biomarkers
Abstract

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) became Medicare reimbursable in the United States in October 2017 for the detection of rejection in kidney transplant recipients based on results from its pivotal validation trial, but it has not yet been externally validated. We assessed 63 adult kidney transplant recipients with suspicion of rejection with dd-cfDNA and allograft biopsy. Of these, 27 (43%) patients had donor-specific antibodies and 34 (54%) were found to have rejection by biopsy. The percentage of dd-cfDNA was higher among patients with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR; median 1.35%; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.10%-1.90%) compared to those with no rejection (median 0.38%, IQR: 0.26%-1.10%; P < .001) and cell-mediated rejection (CMR; median: 0.27%, IQR: 0.19%-1.30%; P = .01). The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate patients with CMR from those without rejection. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CMR was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.17-0.66). For ABMR, the AUC was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.93) and a dd-cfDNA ≥0.74% yielded a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 71.8%, PPV 68.6%, and NPV 100%. The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate CMR from no rejection among kidney transplant recipients, although performance characteristics were stronger for the discrimination of ABMR.

Published
2019

270. Cognitive Function in Pediatric Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Lori C. Jordan, Chelsea A Lee, Lexa K. Murphy, Rachel E. Siciliano, Niral J Patel, Bruce E. Compas, and Kemar V Prussien

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Child age, Population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Child, education, Cognitive deficit, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Cognition, medicine.disease, Sample mean and sample covariance, Child, Preschool, Meta-analysis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Verbal iq, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Objective Despite surgical palliation, children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have compromised cardiac functioning and increased risk for cognitive deficits. We quantitatively reviewed the empirical data from this literature. Methods The present meta-analysis included 13 studies reporting cognitive function for children with HLHS between the ages of 2 years and 6 months and 17 years that used standardized assessments of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ). Differences in cognitive function were assessed relative to normative data, and we examined sample mean age and publication year as moderators. Results Large effects were found for FSIQ (g = −.87, 95% CI [−1.10, −.65], M = 86.88) and PIQ (g = −.89, 95% CI [−1.11, −.68], M = 86.56), and a medium effect was found for VIQ (g = −.61, 95% CI [−.84, −.38], M = 90.82). All models demonstrated significant heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses of effect size via Hedges’ g on child age revealed a significant effect on FSIQ (coefficient = −.07, 95% CI [−.12, −.01], p < .01, R2 = .40) indicating a loss of 1.1 FSIQ points across studies with each increased year of mean sample age. Conclusions Deficits in FSIQ may reflect chronic brain injury or failure to make expected gains as children age. This review highlights the importance of early intervention in this population, and the need for longitudinal studies analyzing more specific domains of cognitive function and potential moderators.

Published
2019

271. Children’s reasoning about decimals and its relation to fraction learning and mathematics achievement

Author

Ilyse Resnick, Nancy C. Jordan, Luke Rinne, and Christina Barbieri

Subjects
Comprehension, Class (computer programming), Whole Number, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Mathematics education, Mathematical ability, Fraction (mathematics), Value (mathematics), Latent class model, Decimal, Education, Mathematics
Abstract

Reasoning about numerical magnitudes is a key aspect of mathematics learning. Most research examining the relation of magnitude understanding to general mathematics achievement has focused on whole number and fraction magnitudes. The present longitudinal study (N = 435) used a 3-step latent class analysis to examine reasoning about magnitudes on a decimal comparison task in 4th grade, before systematic decimals instruction. Three classes of response patterns were identified, indicating empirically distinct levels of decimal magnitude understanding. Class 1 students consistently gave correct responses, suggesting that they understood decimal properties even before systematic decimal instruction. Class 2 students were accurate when a 0 immediately followed the decimal, but were inaccurate when a zero was added to the end of the decimal string, suggesting a partial understanding of place value; their performance was also negatively influenced by a whole number bias. Class 3 students showed misunderstanding of both place value and a whole number bias. Class membership accurately predicted 6th grade mathematics achievement, after controlling for whole number and fraction magnitude understanding as well as demographic and cognitive factors. Taken together, the findings suggest students may benefit from instruction that emphasizes decimal properties earlier in school. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Published
2019

272. Should Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Be Performed for All T1b Melanomas in the New 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System?

Author

Robert C.G. Martin, Charles R. Scoggins, Kelly M. McMasters, Michael E. Egger, Prejesh Philips, Adrienne C. Jordan, Neal Bhutiani, and Megan Stevenson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Melanoma, Sentinel lymph node, Cancer, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biopsy, Cutaneous melanoma, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Radiology, business, Cancer staging
Abstract

Background In the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system, the T1b category has been redefined based solely on thickness and ulceration. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend consideration of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for all patients with T1b melanomas (0.8 to 1.0 mm thick). We hypothesized that the new staging system would lead to excessive use of SLNB in patients with non-ulcerated T1b melanomas with a low risk of positive sentinel lymph nodes. Study Design The National Cancer Database 2015 Melanoma Public Use File was used to select patients undergoing SLNB for thin T1 cutaneous melanoma from 2010 to 2015. Clinicopathologic risk factors for having a positive SLNB were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and classification and regression tree analysis were performed to identify groups with high and low risk of positive SLNB. Results We selected patients undergoing SLNB without ulceration with thickness 0.75 to 1.04 mm, staged T1b in the new 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer by thickness criteria alone (6,894 patients). Independent risk factors for a positive sentinel lymph node were age 56 years or younger (odds ratio [OR] 1.74; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.17), thickness 1.0 vs 0.8 to 0.9 mm (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.70), female sex (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.69), and mitotic rate ≥1/mm2 (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.64). Classification and regression tree analysis identified 2 groups based on age, mitotic rate, and thickness with a risk of positive SLNB Conclusions The new 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system T1b category should not be used to determine use of SLNB in thin melanoma, as more than one half of T1b lesions without ulceration have a low risk of positive sentinel lymph nodes.

Published
2019

273. Climate change, environmental stress and loss of livelihoods can push people towards illegal activities: a case study from coastal Bangladesh

Author

Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson, Saleemul Huq, J. C. Jordan, Kees van der Geest, and Istiakh Ahmed

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Geography, Geography, Planning and Development, Stressor, Climate change, Development, Livelihood, Resilience (network), Environmental planning, Environmental stress
Abstract

This paper aims to understand how environmental stressors influence people’s livelihood options in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. We argue that environmental stressors such as cyclones, riverbank ...

Published
2019

274. Prognostic tools to assess candidacy for and efficacy of antibody-removal therapy

Author

Robert A. Montgomery, Michelle A. Evans, David F. Pinelli, Ashley Vo, Erik N. Chatroop, Stanley C. Jordan, John J. Friedewald, Mary S. Leffell, David W. Gjertson, Anat R. Tambur, and Andrea A. Zachary

Subjects
Adult, Graft Rejection, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Lymphocyte, Human leukocyte antigen, 030230 surgery, Kidney Function Tests, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Desensitization (telecommunications), HLA Antigens, Isoantibodies, Internal medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Aged, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, biology, business.industry, Graft Survival, Antibody titer, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Plasmapheresis, Middle Aged, Kidney Transplantation, Histocompatibility, Titer, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Desensitization, Immunologic, biology.protein, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, Antibody, business, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract

Currently, the ability to predict or monitor the efficacy of HLA antibody-removal therapies is deficient. We previously reported that titration studies are a consistent and accurate means of assessing antibody strength. To test whether titration studies can also predict which patients are better candidates for desensitization, we studied 38 patients from 3 centers (29 receiving plasmapheresis/low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIg]; 9 patients receiving high-dose IVIg). For patients undergoing plasmapheresis/low-dose IVIg, antibody titer reduction correlated with number of treatment cycles for both class I and II antibodies but only up to approximately 4 cycles. Reduction in titer slowed with additional cycles, suggesting a limit to the efficacy of this approach. Furthermore, initial titer (predesensitization) can guide the selection of candidates for successful antibody-removal treatment. In our experience, patients with antibodies at an initial titer >1:512 could not be reduced to the goal of a negative lymphocyte crossmatch, corresponding to a 1:16 titer, despite a significant increase in the number of treatment cycles. Change in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) value did not correlate with success of treatment if initial MFI values were >10 000, likely due to single antigen bead saturation. Overall, we present a potential prognostic tool to predict candidacy and a monitoring tool to assess efficacy of desensitization treatment.

Published
2019

275. Cyberbullying perpetration: an empirical test of social learning theory in Iran

Author

Saeed Kabiri, Caitlyn N. Muniz, Eva M. Fontaine, Seyyed Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat, John K. Cochran, and C. Jordan Howell

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, Test (assessment), Clinical Psychology, Empirical research, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0509 other social sciences, Psychology, Law, Social psychology, Social learning theory, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

To test social learning theory’s ability to explain Iranian sports fans’ decision to engage in cyberbullying perpetration against rivals, a random sample of 464 students from an Iranian university ...

Published
2019

276. Incidence of Epilepsy and Associated Risk Factors in Perinatal Ischemic Stroke Survivors

Author

Abbas Rattani, Lori C. Jordan, Jaims Lim, Chevis N. Shannon, Robert P. Naftel, Steven G. Roth, Akshitkumar M. Mistry, and Marc Prablek

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, MEDLINE, Hippocampus, Brain Ischemia, Cerebral palsy, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Survivors, Family history, Stroke, business.industry, Cerebral Palsy, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Systematic review, Neurology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction Epilepsy is a serious and often lifelong consequence of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS). Variable incidences and risk factors for long-term epilepsy in PAIS have been reported. To determine the incidence of epilepsy in PAIS survivors and report factors associated with the risk of developing epilepsy, a meta-analysis and systematic review of prior publications was performed. Methods We examined studies on perinatal or neonatal patients (≤28 days of life) with arterial ischemic strokes in which the development of epilepsy was reported. EMBASE and MEDLINE/PubMed databases were systematically searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results A meta-analysis of 10 studies revealed a summary incidence of epilepsy in PAIS patients of 27.2% (95% confidence interval 16.6% to 41.4%) over a mean study duration of 10.4 years (range 1.5 to 17). More recent studies generally reported a lower epilepsy incidence. A systematic review identified seven possible risk factors for epilepsy in PAIS patients: hippocampal volume reduction, infarct on prenatal ultrasound, a modified Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score ≥9, family history of seizures, cerebral palsy, and initial presentation with cognitive impairment or seizures. Conclusions About a third of children with PAIS will develop epilepsy. While seven possible risk factors have been reported, further research is warranted to confirm the strength of their association with the development of epilepsy.

Published
2019

277. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with variations in antibody response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers at an academic medical centre: a longitudinal cohort analysis

Author

Joseph E Ebinger, Sandy Joung, Yunxian Liu, Min Wu, Brittany Weber, Brian Claggett, Patrick G Botting, Nancy Sun, Matthew Driver, Yu Hung Kao, Briana Khuu, Timothy Wynter, Trevor-Trung Nguyen, Mona Alotaibi, John C Prostko, Edwin C Frias, James L Stewart, Helen S Goodridge, Peter Chen, Stanley C Jordan, Mohit Jain, Sonia Sharma, Justyna Fert-Bober, Jennifer E Van Eyk, Margo B Minissian, Moshe Arditi, Gil Y Melmed, Jonathan G Braun, Dermot P B McGovern, Susan Cheng, and Kimia Sobhani

Subjects
Adult, Male, Academic Medical Centers, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Vaccination, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Cohort Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Antibody Formation, Hypertension, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, BNT162 Vaccine, Demography
Abstract

ObjectivesWe sought to understand the demographic and clinical factors associated with variations in longitudinal antibody response following completion of two-dose regiment of BNT162b2 vaccination.DesignThis study is a 10-month longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers and serially measured anti-spike protein IgG (IgG-S) antibody levels using mixed linear models to examine their associations with participant characteristics.SettingA large, multisite academic medical centre in Southern California, USA.ParticipantsA total of 843 healthcare workers met inclusion criteria including completion of an initial two-dose course of BNT162b2 vaccination, complete clinical history and at least two blood samples for analysis. Patients had an average age of 45±13 years, were 70% female and 7% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsVaccine-induced IgG-S levels remained in the positive range for 99.6% of individuals up to 10 months after initial two-dose vaccination. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was the primary correlate of sustained higher postvaccination IgG-S levels (partial R2=0.133), with a 1.74±0.11 SD higher IgG-S response (pConclusionsWhile the IgG-S antibody response remains in the positive range for up to 10 months following initial mRNA vaccination in most adults, determinants of sustained higher antibody levels include prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, female sex, younger age and absence of hypertension. Certain determinants of the longitudinal antibody response appear significantly modified by prior infection status. These findings offer insights regarding factors that may influence the ‘hybrid’ immunity conferred by natural infection combined with vaccination.

Published
2022

278. Interleukin 6: Pathogenic Potential and Therapeutic Approaches in Autoimmunity and Transplant Rejection

Author

Ashley Vo, Edmund Huang, Irene Kim, Mieko Toyoda, Stanley C. Jordan, Noriko Ammerman, Jua Choi, and Gordon D. Wu

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, business.industry, Ischaemia-reperfusion injury, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Transplant rejection, Autoimmunity, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Interleukin 6, business, Kidney transplantation, 030215 immunology
Published
2018

279. Teachers' Perceived and Desired Roles in Nutrition Education

Author

Kelan Sarnoff, Julie Metos, and Kristine C. Jordan

Subjects
Counseling, Male, Nutrition Education, Health Behavior, education, Time on task, behavioral disciplines and activities, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Professional Role, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, Personal health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Large city, Eating habits, Health Education, Self-efficacy, Medical education, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Stakeholder, Feeding Behavior, Philosophy, Female, School Teachers, Health behavior, Psychology
Abstract

BACKGROUND Elementary teachers have the potential to influence children's eating habits. This study examined teacher views and practices regarding nutrition education. METHODS An online survey was administered to K-6 teachers (N = 628) in 55 public elementary schools in a large city in the western United States. Three indices were created based on responses. Indices included: (1) attitudes and beliefs about nutrition education; (2) self-efficacy regarding nutrition education; and (3) personal health behaviors. Relationships between indices, classroom practices, and teacher characteristics were tested. Teacher comments were categorized into themes. RESULTS Most teachers agreed they can make a difference in the eating behaviors of their students (68%). Correlations between hours of nutrition taught and teachers' attitudes and beliefs (r = .37, p < .01), nutrition self-efficacy (r = .38, p < .01), and personal health practices (r = .15, p < .01) were weak, yet statistically significant. Number of years teaching was inversely related to frequency of food rewards (r = -119, p < .01). Few teachers (21%) agreed they have support to teach nutrition in the classroom. CONCLUSION Teachers understand the importance of nutrition education but provision is limited by competing demands. Teachers suggest tailored nutrition materials, qualified nutrition personnel, and school stakeholder support to promote nutrition education.

Published
2018

280. Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report

Author

Danny Ramzy, A. Gereboff, Erik Dong, I. Kim, Robert Kariger, Oren Friedman, Tsuyoshi Todo, Stanley C. Jordan, Nicholas N. Nissen, Michael Nurok, Andrew S. Klein, Alagappan Annamalai, V. Sharma, and Justin Steggerda

Subjects
Male, Reoperation, Resuscitation, medicine.medical_treatment, Transplant recipient, Acute Lung Injury, Liver transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Humans, Acute respiratory failure, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Transplantation, business.industry, Liver and kidney, Middle Aged, Kidney Transplantation, Liver Transplantation, surgical procedures, operative, Anesthesia, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Transplant patient, Pulmonary Injury, business
Abstract

Intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, both venoarterial and venovenous (VV), have been used sparingly and with limited success in the setting of liver transplantation. Here, we report the successful use of VV-ECMO in the resuscitation and pulmonary bridging support after severe systemic inflammatory response in a combined liver and kidney transplant recipient who suffered primary nonfunction of both allografts. Where conventional ventilator maneuvers may prove ineffective, the implementation of VV-ECMO should be considered as a therapeutic option in limited, short-lived acute pulmonary injury.

Published
2018

281. A Fraction Sense Intervention for Sixth Graders With or At Risk for Mathematics Difficulties

Author

Luke Rinne, Jessica Rodrigues, Nancy Dyson, Nancy C. Jordan, and Christina Barbieri

Subjects
050103 clinical psychology, Screening test, Teaching method, education, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 050301 education, Education, Number line, Numeracy, Intervention (counseling), Mathematics education, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Fraction (mathematics), Mathematics instruction, 0503 education, At-risk students
Abstract

The efficacy of a research-based fraction sense intervention for sixth graders with or at risk for mathematics difficulties ( N = 52) was examined. The intervention aimed to build understanding of fraction magnitudes on the number line. Key concepts were taught with a narrow range of denominators to develop deep understanding. The intervention was centered on a visual number line in the meaningful context of a color run race. Students were randomly assigned to the fraction sense intervention ( n = 25) or a business-as-usual control group ( n = 27). Students in the intervention condition received 21 lessons in small groups (45 min each) during their regular mathematics intervention period. Students in the intervention group performed significantly better than those in the control group on a measure of fraction number line estimation and a more general measure of fraction concepts, both at immediate posttest and delayed posttest, with large effect sizes; lesser effects were shown for fraction arithmetic.

Published
2018

282. In-Hospital Pediatric Stroke Alert Activation

Author

Megan Barry, Melissa C. Gindville, Truc M. Le, and Lori C. Jordan

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Interquartile range, medicine, Humans, Pediatric stroke, cardiovascular diseases, Child, Stroke, Neurologic Examination, Pediatric intensive care unit, business.industry, Medical record, Infant, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, Thrombolysis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, Coronary care unit, Female, Neurology (clinical), Emergency Service, Hospital, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Pediatric stroke alerts or “code strokes” allow for rapid evaluation, imaging, and treatment of children presenting with stroke-like symptoms. In a previous study of emergency department-initiated pediatric stroke alerts, 24% of children had confirmed strokes. The purpose of this study was to characterize in-hospital pediatric stroke alerts. Methods Demographic and clinical information was obtained from a quality improvement database and medical records for children (zero to 20 years) at a single institution for whom a stroke alert was activated after hospital admission between April 2011 and December 2016. Stroke alert activation criteria included a new focal neurological defect occurring within 48 hours. A neurologist evaluated the patient within 15 minutes and rapid magnetic resonance imaging was available. Results Medical personnel activated in-hospital stroke alerts for 56 children (median age 6.5 years, interquartile range 1 to 13, 52% male). Stroke was the final diagnosis of 25 (45%), 72% ischemic, and 28% hemorrhagic strokes. Other diagnoses included neurological urgencies: seizure (21%), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (7%), transient ischemic attack (5%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (4%). Of the stroke diagnoses, 68% were stroke alerts called in the pediatric intensive care unit or pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Rapid neuroimaging was completed in 91%; magnetic resonance imaging brain was the first image in 55%. Conclusions Of in-hospital pediatric stroke alerts, 45% were stroke while 38% were other neurological conditions requiring urgent evaluation. In-hospital stroke alerts were commonly activated for children with complicated medical histories. Rapid neurological evaluation facilitated care. No child underwent thrombolysis or thrombectomy.

Published
2018

283. Cerebral Hemodynamics and Executive Function in Sickle Cell Anemia

Author

Chelsea A Lee, Adetola A. Kassim, Kemar V Prussien, Bruce E. Compas, Lori C. Jordan, Rachel E. Siciliano, Michael R. DeBaun, Abagail E Ciriegio, and Manus J. Donahue

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anemia, Hemodynamics, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Neuropsychological Tests, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Executive Function, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cerebral infarcts, Child, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Brain, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sickle cell anemia, Memory, Short-Term, Cerebral hemodynamics, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and Purpose: Individuals with sickle cell anemia experience cognitive deficits, even in the absence of cerebral infarcts or strokes. This study tested the hypothesis that elevated cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction are associated with lower executive function in individuals with sickle cell anemia. Methods: Three-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, including anatomic, gray matter cerebral blood flow, and global oxygen extraction fraction imaging. Executive function was measured using the working memory index from an age-appropriate Wechsler battery and tasks from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Bivariate and multivariate models were examined (significance: P Results: Fifty-four participants (age range=6–31 years) with sickle cell anemia were enrolled. Hematocrit was positively related to fluid cognition, cerebral blood flow was inversely related to working memory and inhibitory control, and oxygen extraction fraction was inversely related to processing speed. Associations remained significant in multivariate analyses controlling for age, income, and infarcts. Conclusions: Elevated cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction, markers of hemodynamic impairment, are associated with deficits in executive function in individuals with sickle cell anemia.

Published
2021

284. Innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in humans: relevance to acquired immunity and vaccine responses

Author

Stanley C. Jordan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Protective immunity, COVID-19 Vaccines, medicine.drug_class, T cell, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, T cells, interleukin 6, Review Article, Biology, Adaptive Immunity, medicine.disease_cause, Monoclonal antibody, SARS‐CoV‐2, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Disease severity, humoral immunity, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, complement, Vaccine Potency, Review Articles, Coronavirus, Innate immune system, business.industry, Interleukin-6, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Acquired immune system, Immunity, Innate, Immunity, Humoral, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Humoral immunity, business, CD8, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Summary The factors responsible for the spectrum of coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) disease severity and the genesis and nature of protective immunity against COVID‐19 remain elusive. Multiple studies have investigated the immune responses to COVID‐19 in various populations, including those without evidence of COVID‐19 infection. Information regarding innate and adaptive immune responses to the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has evolved rapidly. Data are accumulating defining disease phenotypes that aid in rational and informed development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and the development of novel vaccines. In this paper, data on important innate immune responses are summarized, including cytokines, specifically interleukin (IL)‐6 and complement, and potential treatments are explored. Adaptive immune responses and derivative therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies directed at spike proteins are also examined. Finally, data on real‐time assessments of adaptive immune responses are explored, which include CD4+/CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, memory B cells and T follicular cells with specificities for COVID‐19 peptides in infected and normal individuals. Data of two novel vaccines have been released, both showing > 95% efficacy in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Analysis of humoral and cellular responses to the vaccines will determine the robustness and durability of protection. In addition, long‐term assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 memory B and T cell‐mediated immune responses in patients recovering from an infection or those with cross‐reactive immunological memory will help to define risk for future SARS‐CoV infections. Finally, patients recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may experience prolonged immune activation probably due to T cell exhaustion. This will be an important new frontier for study., This review summarizes published data on the relevant innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2. Data characterizing innate and adaptive immune responses have rapidly led to informed therapeutic interventions, including vaccine development and recognition of dysfunctional immune responses that are likely responsible for post‐COVID‐19 autoimmunity.

Published
2021
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285. Trans-obturator Cable Fixation for Disrupted Pubic Symphysis: A Reasonable Option Compared to Plating?

Author

Fabian Gilbert, Martin C. Jordan, Stefanie Hoelscher-Doht, Süleyman Ergün, Veronika Jaeckle, Timo M. Heintel, Sebastian Scheidt, and Rainer H. Meffert

Subjects
Orthodontics, Fixation (surgical), medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Plating, medicine, Pubic symphysis, business
Abstract

Operative treatment of ruptured pubic symphysis by plating is often accompanied by complications. Trans-obturator cable fixation might be a more reliable technique; however, have not yet been tested for stabilization of ruptured pubic symphysis. This study compares symphyseal trans-obturator cable fixation versus plating through biomechanical testing and evaluates safety in a cadaver experiment. APC type II injuries were generated in synthetic pelvic models and subsequently separated into three different groups. The anterior pelvic ring was fixed using a four-hole steel plate in Group A, a stainless steel cable in Group B, and a titan band in Group C. Biomechanical testing was conducted by a single-leg-stance model using a material testing machine under physiological load levels. A cadaver study was carried out to analyze the trans-obturator surgical approach. Peak-to-peak displacement, total displacement, plastic deformation and stiffness revealed a tendency for higher stability for trans-obturator cable/band fixation but no statistical difference to plating was detected. The cadaver study revealed a safe zone for cable passage with sufficient distance to the obturator canal. Trans-obturator cable fixation has the potential to become an alternative for symphyseal fixation with less complications.

Published
2021

286. Infectious Complications in Tocilizumab-treated Kidney Transplant Recipients

Author

Reiad Najjar, Ashley Vo, Edmund Huang, Alice Peng, Stanley C. Jordan, and Supreet Sethi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Urinary system, 030230 surgery, Rate ratio, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Infections, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Tocilizumab, Postoperative Complications, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Transplantation, Kidney, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Pneumonia, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Monoclonal, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Rituximab, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist recently described as a promising treatment for antibody-mediated rejection. We compared infectious complications among tocilizumab-treated kidney transplant patients with those receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)/rituximab. Methods Infections occurring among 148 kidney recipients treated with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV monthly (n = 83) or IVIG/rituximab (n = 65) for donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection through 1 year after treatment cessation were reviewed. Incidence rates of infections were compared using Poisson regression. Results There were 106 infections observed over 190.1 person-years, yielding an incidence rate of 558 infections/1000 patient-years. A lower incidence rate of infections was observed among tocilizumab-treated compared with IVIG/rituximab-treated patients (463 infections/1000 patient-years versus 730 infections/1000 patient-years; P = 0.02). Twenty-five of 49 infections (51%) in the IVIG/rituximab group required hospitalization compared with 31 of 57 (54%; P = 0.85) in the tocilizumab group. There were no infection-related deaths in either group. Urinary tract infections and pneumonia were the most common types of infections, whereas gastrointestinal, blood, skin/soft tissue, viral, and fungal infections were less common. On multivariable Poisson regression, there was a lower incidence rate of infections associated with tocilizumab compared with IVIG/rituximab (incidence rate ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.93). Conclusions Among kidney transplant patients treated with tocilizumab, there was no excess risk of infections compared with standard therapy with IVIG/rituximab.

Published
2021

289. Divergent Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Immunocompromised Patients

Author

Ruan Zhang, Ashley Vo, Alice Peng, Bong-Ha Shin, Maggie Chu, Reiad Najjar, Noriko Ammerman, Ed Huang, Supreet Sethi, Stanley C. Jordan, Terry-Ann M Gadsden, Mieko Toyoda, Sanjeev Kumar, and Anna Petrosyan

Subjects
Transplantation, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunity, COVID-19, Virology, Immunocompromised Host, Immune system, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Humans, Medicine, Letters to the Editor, business
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Published
2021

290. 'Formation' in Formation Revisited

Author

Kelly C. Jordan

Subjects
education, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050602 political science & public administration, Sociology, 050207 economics, Young adolescents, 0506 political science, Developmental psychology
Abstract

Identity and conscience formation and character development in adolescent boys depends upon acquiring human capital via inductive observation, imitation, and experience. Sociality and social interaction are the common denominators of male adolescent identity formation, conscience formation, and character development. Military schools create and sustain developmentally advantageous environments for adolescent boys, and military systems are remarkably effective at facilitating the ideal pairings of “best” educational principles with “best” educational practices and messages for adolescent boys. Military schools are thus exceptionally effective in the formation of the identity and conscience and development of character in adolescent boys because they provide young men with precisely the right types of atmospheres and experiences that are ideally suited to their learning styles. Military schools also enjoy significant educational advantages that allow for developmental agency, facilitate the development of “soft” skills, and help adolescent boys flourish.

Published
2021

291. Comparing porous tantalum fusion implants and iliac crest bone grafts for spondylodesis of thoracolumbar burst fractures: Prospectice Cohort study

Author

Martin C. Jordan, Hendrik Jansen, Rainer H. Meffert, and Timo M. Heintel

Subjects
ddc:617, Science, Medicine
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare two different techniques of performing one-level spondylodesis for thoracolumbar burst fractures using either an autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) or a porous tantalum fusion implant (PTFI). In a prospective nonrandomized study, 44 patients (20 women, 24 men; average age 43.1 +/- 13.2 years) suffering from severe thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with combined anterior-posterior stabilization. An ICBG was used in 21 cases, and a PTFI was used in the other 23 cases. A two-year clinical and radiographic follow-up was carried out. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, localization/classification of the fracture, or visual analog scale (VAS) before injury between the two groups. All 44 patients were followed up for an average period of 533 days (range 173-1567). The sagittal spinal profile was restored by an average of 11.1 degrees (ICBG) vs. 14.3 degrees (PTFI) (monosegmental Cobb angle). Loss of correction until the last follow-up tended to be higher in the patients treated with ICBG than in those treated with PTFI (mean: 2.8 degrees vs. 1.6 degrees). Furthermore, significantly better restoration of the sagittal profile was obtained with the PTFI than with the iliac bone graft at the long-term follow-up (mean: ICBG 7.8 degrees, PTFI 12.3 degrees; p < 0.005). Short-segment posterior instrumentation combined with anterior one-level spondylodesis using either an ICBG or a PTFI resulted in sufficient correction of posttraumatic segmental kyphosis. PTFI might be a good alternative for autologous bone grafting and prevent donor site morbidities.

Published
2021

292. Outcomes at 3 years posttransplant in imlifidase-desensitized kidney transplant patients

Author

Christophe Legendre, Stanley C. Jordan, Angela Q. Maldonado, Torbjörn Lundgren, Niraj M. Desai, Christian Kjellman, Tomas Lorant, Kristoffer Sjöholm, Bengt von Zur Mühlen, Anna Runström, Håkan Olsson, Robert A. Montgomery, Bonnie E. Lonze, and Ashley Vo

Subjects
Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, T cell, Urology, desensitization, kidney transplantation/nephrology, Human leukocyte antigen, immunosuppression/immune modulation, clinical research/practice, Medical and Health Sciences, sensitization, Desensitization (telecommunications), HLA Antigens, alloantibody, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), crossmatch, B cell, Kidney transplantation, immunosuppressant - other, Transplantation, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Histocompatibility Testing, Graft Survival, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Clinical trial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Desensitization, Immunologic, business
Abstract

Imlifidase is a cysteine proteinase which specifically cleaves IgG, inhibiting Fc-mediated effector function within hours of administration. Imlifidase converts a positive crossmatch to a potential donor (T cell, B cell, or both), to negative, enabling transplantation to occur between previously HLA incompatible donor-recipient pairs. To date, 39 crossmatch positive patients received imlifidase prior to a kidney transplant in four single-arm, open-label, phase 2 studies. At 3 years, for patients who were AMR+ compared to AMR-, death-censored allograft survival was 93% vs 77%, patient survival was 85% vs 94%, and mean eGFR was 49 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs 61 ml/min/1.73 m2 , respectively. The incidence of AMR was 38% with most episodes occurring within the first month post-transplantation. Sub-analysis of patients deemed highly sensitized with cPRA ≥ 99.9%, and unlikely to be transplanted who received crossmatch-positive, deceased donor transplants had similar rates of patient survival, graft survival, and eGFR but a higher rate of AMR. These data demonstrate that outcomes and safety up to 3 years in recipients of imlifidase-enabled allografts is comparable to outcomes in other highly sensitized patients undergoing HLA-incompatible transplantation. Thus, imlifidase is a potent option to facilitate transplantation among patients who have a significant immunologic barrier to successful kidney transplantation. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02790437), EudraCT Number: 2016-002064-13.

Published
2021

293. Trajectories of glomerular filtration rate and progression to end stage kidney disease after kidney transplantation

Author

Elodie Bailly, Magali Giral, Christophe Legendre, Marc Ladrière, Dorry L. Segev, Daniel Yoo, Xavier Jouven, Marc Raynaud, Nassim Kamar, Enver Akalin, Edmund Huang, Mark D. Stegall, Carmen Lefaucheur, Peter P. Reese, Moglie Le Quintrec, Olivier Aubert, Stanley C. Jordan, Robert A. Montgomery, Nikolina Bašić-Jukić, Morgan E. Grams, Chen-Shan Chin, Georg A. Böhmig, Josef Coresh, Jean Philippe Empana, Andrew Bentall, Gaurav Gupta, Yassine Bouatou, Denis Glotz, Cécile Proust-Lima, Maarten Naesens, Michel Delahousse, Ivana Jurić, Rainer Oberbauer, Alexandre Loupy, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital de Rangueil, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Néphrologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], University of Zagreb, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), General Hospital of Vienna, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Urology, Renal function, End stage renal disease, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, trajectories, Humans, Prospective Studies, kidney function, Kidney transplantation, Proteinuria, end-stage renal disease, business.industry, Gold standard, medicine.disease, mortality, Kidney Transplantation, 3. Good health, Transplantation, 030104 developmental biology, Nephrology, Kidney Failure, Chronic, medicine.symptom, business, GFR, ESRD, kidney transplantation, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract

International audience; Although the gold standard of monitoring kidney transplant function relies on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), little is known about GFR trajectories after transplantation, their determinants, and their association with outcomes. To evaluate these parameters we examined kidney transplant recipients receiving care at 15 academic centers. Patients underwent prospective monitoring of estimated GFR (eGFR) measurements, with assessment of clinical, functional, histological and immunological parameters. Additional validation took place in seven randomized controlled trials that included a total of 14,132 patients with 403,497 eGFR measurements. After a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 1,688 patients developed end-stage kidney disease. Using unsupervised latent class mixed models, we identified eight distinct eGFR trajectories. Multinomial regression models identified seven significant determinants of eGFR trajectories including donor age, eGFR, proteinuria, and several significant histological features: graft scarring, graft interstitial inflammation and tubulitis, microcirculation inflammation, and circulating anti-HLA donor specific antibodies. The eGFR trajectories were associated with progression to end stage kidney disease. These trajectories, their determinants and respective associations with end stage kidney disease were similar across cohorts, as well as in diverse clinical scenarios, therapeutic eras and in the seven randomized control trials. Thus, our results provide the basis for a trajectory-based assessment of kidney transplant patients for risk stratification and monitoring.

Published
2021

294. Honeypots for Cybercrime Research

Author

C. Jordan Howell and Robert C. Perkins

Subjects
Cybercrime, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, Honeypot, General purpose, business.industry, Computer science, Internet privacy, Context (language use), business, Cyberspace, Variety (cybernetics)
Abstract

Honeypots are a type of cybersecurity tool designed with the general purpose of being attacked and compromised by cyberthreats. They became widely popularized throughout the 1990s by computer scientists due to their multi-functional capabilities. As a result, a wide variety of honeypots have been introduced to handle different cybersecurity tasks. Only recently have social scientists begun using them in cybercrime research to test criminological theories and shed light on deviant human behavior in cyberspace. However, arguments have been made for, and against, the utilization of honeypots in this line of research. In this chapter, what constitutes honeypot research in the context of both computer and social science is described. Finally, the chapter concludes itself with advice and suggestions for scholars interested in using honeypots in their own research endeavors.

Published
2021

295. The Modern American Military Education Model

Author

Kelly C. Jordan

Subjects
Sociology
Abstract

This chapter describes an approach to formation at military schools for the 21st century that is both explicit and intentional, posing it for consideration as the Modern American Military Education Model (MAMEM). This chapter does not spell out the implementation of the proposed MAMEM specifically; rather, it is meant to inform the reader about the philosophy and components of the proposed MAMEM, the process of formation associated with it, and to provide examples of ways that schools associated with the Association of Military Colleges and Schools in the United States (AMCSUS) have implemented a version of it to support their varied missions and achieve their disparate educational objectives. In aggregate, the intention is to show how the proposed MAMEM provides a coherent philosophy of education by intention, atmosphere, and implication that forms, informs, and transforms cadets effectively, satisfying Chesterton's demanding criteria for qualification as an excellent form of education.

Published
2021

296. Honorable Mismatch

Author

Kelly C. Jordan

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Law, education, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Toleration, Psychology, 0503 education, 050104 developmental & child psychology, media_common
Abstract

The non-toleration requirement of military school honor codes requiring cadets to report their peers for honor violations is developmentally inappropriate for adolescents in terms of the state of their brain development and emotional maturity because it makes neurological and psychological demands on teens attending military prep schools—many not of their own choosing—that are beyond their developmental and emotional capabilities in several areas. This requirement extends beyond the ken of either the scope of the mission of military prep schools or the neurological and psychological developmental abilities of the adolescent students attending them. Research also shows that it is largely ineffective in reducing honor offenses. To enhance the effectiveness, schools can modify the self-policing aspect by replacing the non-toleration requirement with something more developmentally appropriate while still meaningful, adopt an honor continuum that allows for growth, and implement an honor development approach that contains positive reinforcement and encourages continuous development.

Published
2021

297. BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Author

E. Abahuje, A. Abbas, M. Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud, A. Abdelhady, S. Abdelhamid, H. Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj, B. Abdelqader, T. Abdelrahman, H. Abdou, A. Abdullah, M. Abedua Harrison, E. Abem Owusu, A. Aboalazayem, R. Aboulhosn, S. Abu Oda, A. Abubakar, A. Abutaka, D. Acevedo Fontalvo, S. Acuna, A. Adefemi, S. Adegbola, T. Adenuga, A. Adeyeye, A. Adil Hilmi, A. Adisa, K. Aditya, T. Adjeso, R. Aftab, A. Afzal, V. Aggarwal, A. Aggarwal, R. Aguilera, M. -L. Aguilera-Are´valo, E. J. Aguirre Salamanca, I. Aguirre-Allende, D. Ahari, H. Ahmad, F. Ahmad Rauf, A. Ahmad Zartasht Khan, S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed Fieturi, S. Ahmed Mohamed, Z. Ahmed-Bakhsh, M. Ahsan Javed, L. Akano, A. Akbar, M. Akhbari, P. Akhmedov, G. Aksit, Y. Akula, A. S. Alagaratnam, S. Al Majid, O. Al Mukhtar, H. Al Omran, N. AlAsali, M. Al-Azzawi, R. Al-Habsi, H. Al-Iraqi, H. Al-Naggar, E. Alameer, H. Albirnawi, D. Alderson, F. Aldulaijan, R. Alejandro Miranda Ojeda, A. AlHasan, S. Ali, A. Ali, M. Ali Khan, Y. Alimova, F. Aljanadi, R. Aljubure, N. Allopi, H. Almedbal, M. Almubarak, Z. Alqaidoom, N. Alselaim, M. Alshaar, R. Alshammari, K. Altaf, S. Altıner, B. Altunpak, L. A. Alvarez Lozada, E. Amal Nahal, A. Amer, K. Amin, U. Aminu, N. Amisi Numbi, T. Amjad, R. Amoah, Y. An, N. -A. Anastasopoulos, J. Andre´s Urrutia, F. Angarita, K. -L. Angarita, M. A´ ngel FreirI´a Eiras, A. Antypas, M. A. Anwar, H. Anwar, T. O. Apampa, K. Apostolou, C. Aquina, R. Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni, M. I. Archila Godı´nez, O. Arez, A. A. Arezzo, P. Armonis, S. Arshad, M. Arshad Salman, A. Arshid, P. C. Arteaga Asensio, T. Arthur, A. Arumuga Jothi, F. Aryo Damara, L. Asensio Gomez, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashraf, A. Asif, M. Atif, M. Attaullah Khan, N. Avellaneda, S. Awad, M. Awadh, A. Axiaq, A. Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah, D. Ayalew, E. Aytac, F. Azam, J. Azevedo, B. Azhar, J. Aziz, A. Aziz, A. Azzam, A. Baba Ndajiwo, M. Baig, D. Baker, F. Bakko, R. Balachandran, G. Balachandran, J. Balagizi Mudekereza, E. Balai, B. Balci, A. Balduzzi, A. Balhareth, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Banerjee, D. Bangalore Mahalinga, B. Bankhead-Kendall, N. D. A. Bankole, V. Banwell, F. Baris Bengur, B. Baris Ozmen, M. Barnard, R. Barnett, J. A. Barreras Espinoza, A. Barrios, G. Bass, M. Bass, A. Bausys, A. Bavikatte, J. Bayram, M. Belousov, A. G. Berardi, A. Beamish, C. Beattie, F. Belia, V. Bellato, S. Bellikatti, S. Benjamens, C. Benlice, S. Bennedsgaard, S. Bennett, Z. Bentounsi, H. Bergenfeldt, A. Bergenfelz, M. Besselink, G. Bhandoria, E. Bhangu, M. Bhatia, M. T. Bhatti, Z. Bilgili, G. Bislenghi, C. Bisset, S. Biswas, J. Blake, R. Blanco, L. Boccalatte, R. Boden, C. Bojanic, M. Boland, P. Boland, E. Bollen, E. -A. Bonci, L. Boni, A. Booth, R. Booth, A. Borakati, G. E. Borunda Escudero, S. J. Bosco, P. Bostro¨ m, P. Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, K. Bouchagier, A. Bouhuwaish, M. Boutros, K. Boyce, C. Boyle, L. Bradshaw, A. Brandl, A. Brar, G. Brat, H. Brenkman, C. Brennan, C. Brines, A. Brookmyre, C. Brosnan, L. Brouwers, A. Brown, L. Brown, C. Brown, J. Brown, V. BS, M. Buksh, M. Bunani Emmanuel, D. Burbano, A. Burelli, A. Burke, J. Burke, N. Burlov, A. Burns, O. Burton, A. Butt, B. Buzra Ozkan, L. Cabrera Silva, E. Y. Caicedo, T. Calderbank, W. Cambridge, G. Campelo, O. Can Tatar, F. Carbone, F. Carrano, D. Casallas, D. Casanova Portoles, F. Casciani, I. Cassimjee, O. A. Castaneda Ramı´rez, V. Catala´ n, J. Caviedes, L. Cayetano, M. ~ Ceresoli, M. Chan, V. Chan, P. Chandrasinghe, S. Chapman, A. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhry, H. Chaudry, H. W. Chen, A. Cheng, M. Chernykh, A. M. Cherrie, I. Cheruiyot, J. Cheung, C. Chia, J. Chica, N. Chinai, A. Chirwa, J. Chiwaligo, A. Choi, J. Choi, M. R. Chowdhury, E. Christopher, N. Christou, T. Chu, D. Chua, H. W. Chua, C. Chung, A. Cihat Yildirim, M. Cillo, S. Cioffi, H. Claireaux, S. Clermonts, R. Clifford, M. Climent, A. Clynch, R. -J. Coelen, E. Cola´ s-Ruiz, A. Collar, M. Collard, K. C. Conlon, T. Connelly, K. Connor, J. A. Cook, T. Correia de Sa´, N. Cos¸gun Acar, T. Costa, D. Couch, S. Cowper, B. Creavin, B. Crook, A. Curell, R. D’alessio, J. Dale, J. Damgaard Eriksen, I. Dario Martin Gonzalez, A. Darwish, M. Das, R. Das, K. Das, R. Dave, S. O. David, T. Davies, C. Davis, S. Davison, V. Davletshina, A. Dawidziuk, A. Dawson, M. de Andres Crespo, H. de Berker, P. de Dieu Ngo, E. Dekker, R. de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, B. de Lacy, N. Demartines, A. de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, S. De Silva, C. del Rio, V. Delaune, A. Dell, I. Demirbas¸, S. Demirli Atici, M. Deniz Tepe, M. Derebey, G. Desai, M. Desai, S. Devarakonda, N. Deveras, G. Di Franco, M. Di Martino, F. Di Marzo, A´ . Dı´az, G. Diaz del Gobbo, C. DiazCastrillon, L. Dick, K. Dickinson, E. Diego, I. Dimasi, A. Ding, S. Dingemans, L. Dixon, B. Dixon, W. Doherty, D. Dooreemeah, C. Donohue, M. Dornseifer, F. Dossa, W. Dossou, T. Drake, I. Drami, G. Drevin, M. C. du Plessis, N. Dudi-Venkata, R. Dudley, S. Duffy, D. Duklas, B. -D. Dumbrava, F. Duygu Avlar, A. Dworzynska, W. Ebrahim, A. Ebrahim, E. Efre´n Lozada Herna´ ndez, N. Ehigie, M. El Boghdady, C. El Hasnaoui, M. El Sheikh, A. El-Hussuna, O. Eldurssi, H. Elfeki, M. Elhadi, M. Elhassan, A. Elhissi, B. Elliot, C. Elsenbroek, B. Elsolh, N. Elson, H. Eltyeb, H. Emerson, S. H. Emile, G. Endalle, W. English, C. Ercisli, G. Espinosa, M. Essam Abdelraheem, H. Essangri, P. Etienne, M. D. Evans, T. Evans, C. Ezeme, F. Ezzahraa, T. Fadalla, J. Fagan, M. Fahmy, C. Fairfield, O. Falade, S. Famularo, F. Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Y. Farid, A. Farooq, H. Farooq, F. Farooqui, B. Farquharson, A. Faruqi, R. Faulder, M. Faut, K. Fechner, T. Feenstra, M. Fehervari, L. Fernandez, J. Ferna´ ndez Alberti, L. Ferrario, D. Field, L. Fiore, S. Fingerhut, S. Finlayson, N. Fleming, C. Fleming, E. Florial, M. Fok, D. Fokin, M. Foley, M. P. Forero, T. Forgan, M. Fornasiero, H. Fowler, G. Fowler, E. Franchi, L. Franklin, A˚ . Fredriksson, P. Fruhling, G. Fuentes Navarrette, A. Fu¨ lo¨ p, M. Furtado, T. Gaarder, N. Galbraith, I. T. K. Gallagher, G. Gallo, T. Gana, E. Gaskin, M. Gasparini, R. G. Gatan, E. Geary, K. Gelaye Wudineh, G. Gemenetzis, M. Georgi, H. Ghalige, W. Ghareeb, T. Ghatwary Tantawy, C. Ghomsi, A. Ghuman, P. Giannakis, F. Giron, K. Gjengedal, E. Gkotsis, J. Glasbey, S. Godahewa, D. Godula, P. Goffredo, S. Goh, M. Golriz, L. Gomez, D. Gomez Gomez, R. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez Gutierrez, D. Gopar, L. Gordini, A. Gori, S. Gorta´ zar, N. Gousy, R. Gowda, M. Gowda, J. Gqada, M. Grechenig, J. Greer, L. Grego´ rio, A. Grigorova, H. Grimes, V. Groot, R. C. Grossman, R. Gruber, A. Gru¨ ter, R. Guest, R. Gujjuri, E. Gu¨ lc¸ek, B. Gulcu, K. Gull, M. Gulmez, V. Gupta, A. Gutlic, T. Guven, T. Gwatirisa, G. Gwini, P. Gwodog, S. Gysling, M. Habib, A. B. Hafeez Bhatti, J. Hallesmith, S. Halloran, M. Hamza Sadiq, C. Haney, N. Hanna, L. Hanna, M. Hannington, J. Harbjerg, D. Haribaskaran, N. Harran, B. Harrington, E. Harrison, R. Hasan, S. Hashmi, M. Hassan, A. Hassan, L. Haverkamp, S. Hazen, B. Heer, J. Heil, J. Helliwell, N. Henriksen, D. Henshall, M. Hermanson, S. Hermena, D. Hettiarachchi, C. Hextall, M. Hidalgo, H. Hidayat, A. Hider, P. Higgins, R. Hinchliffe, D. Hirani, D. Hirpara, I. Hisham, M. Hite, S. M. Hoh, C. Holmberg, E. Ho¨ lmich, F. Holst, A. Hossam, A. Hossam Elfallal, P. Howard, E. Huaman, Y. Huang, L. Huang, D. Huang, T. Huber, J. Hugh, J. Hughes, F. Hu¨ ttner, R. Huynh, A. Hylands, J. Iannuzzi, B. Ielpo, A. Iftikhar Talib, J. Ignacio, P. Ignatavicius, S. Ike, C. Ikwu, M. Inama, A. Ing, A. Ingels, A. Isik, N. Islam, I. J. Ives, A. J. M. S. AlHasan, C. J. Perez Rivera, F. Ja´ come, T. Jaffer, O. Jagiella-Lodise, M. Jain, K. Jain, M. Jakubauskas, M. Jalal, H. James, Y. Jang, B. Janssen, H. Jansson, U´ . Jariod-Ferrer, H. Javanmard, S. Javed, U. Jayarajah, I. Jayasuriya, J. Je, Z. Jessop, E. Jia Lin Tang, H. Jiang, Y. Jiayan, T. Jih Huei, R. Jimenez-Rodriguez, D. Joh, A. Johnson, N. Jones, C. Jones, C. Jordan, J. Jose´ Nu´ nez Ju, ~ M. Jose´ Pizarro, C. Jose Salazar J. Joseph, C. Justiniano, T. Kabir, M. Kadhum, C. Kalfountzos, E. Kalogiannaki, K. Kalyanasundaram, S. Kamarajah, M. Kamil Quraishi, Y. Kanemitsu, A. Kapila, V. Kapila, G. Karagiannidis, M. Kashif, S. Kathiravelupillai, A. Kathiravelupillai, E. Katsogridakis, K. Kaur, H. Kaur Sekhon Inderjit Singh, N. Kausur, M. Kawka, G. Keehan, S. Kehlet Watt, M. Kelly, M. E. Kelly, I. Kelvin Egbuchulem, G. Kembuan, E. Khajeh, A. Khaled Elfaitur, M. F. Khan, S. Khan, M. Khan, D. Khan, H. Khan, H. Khatkar, E. Khatkov, R. Khaw, B. Kim, K. Kishore Siddiraju, D. Kitua, B. Kırımtay, S. Kmezic, S. Knight, T. Koe¨ter, A. Koh, F. Koh Hong Xiang, T. Kojo Anyomih, A. I. N. Kok, R. Kokelaar, I. Koliarakis, S. Kolli, J. Kong, D. Ko¨ nig, M. otze, A. Kourdouli, M. Kowal, A. Kraima, F. Kramer, M. Kryzauskas, I. Kuchynskyi, C. Kuemmerli, S. Kuiper, S. Kumar, A. Kumar, L. Kumar, H. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar Bandyopadhyay, P. Kumar Garg, S. Kumar Venkatappa, J. Kung, S. Kural, A. Kushairi, E. Kuuzie, M. Kvietkauskas, I. Kwek, J. La, L. Lai, S. Lakpriya, K. Lam, M. Lami, I. Lansdorp-Vogelaar, P. Lapolla, H. Larsen, J. Latif, U. Laudari, A. Laurnezi, A. Lawal, S. Lawday, H. Lederhuber, A. Lednev, R. Lee, M. E. van Leerdam, G. Lefevbre, M. Lesmus, F. A. Leyva Moraga, E. Leyva Moraga, F. Leyva Moraga, H. L. Li, A. Li, Z. Li, E. Licardie, A. Light, A. L. Lightner, A. Lin, E. Lincango, F. Litta, H. Liu, B. Lofthouse, M. A. Londono, R. Lopes, R. Lopes de Freitas, L. Lopez, A. I. Lo´ pez, J. ~ Lopez-Gomez, G. Lopez-Pena, R. Lowe, D. Lowe, M. Lowey, G. Loy, V. Lozanovski, J. Luzon, P. Lynn, T. Maccabe, A. Machielsen, C. A. Mafla Herrerı´a, L. Maggino, K. Mahawar, D. Mahmood, M. Mahmoud, K. Mahtani, I. Maitra, S. Maji, I. Majiet, L. Mal, J. Malherbe, K. Malhotra, P. Malkomes, E. Man, A. Manan Sheikh, S. Manjunath, R. Manzano Nunez, S. Manzoor, R. Maqsood, G. ~ Marchegiani, F. Marchegiani, D. Marı´n, A. Marin, I. Marks, E. Marson, A. Martensen, D. Martin, G. Martı´n Martı´n, B. Martin-Perez, P. Martinez, P. Marwaha, C. Mashauri, H. Mashbari, Ł. Masior, R. Masri, L. Masud, S. Masudi, G. Mateu Calabuig, S. Math, A. Matrachisia, J. Mayol, D. Mazingi, A. Mazzotta, J. McAlinden, G. McCabe, L. McColm, H. McElvaney, K. McGivern, J. McGovern, E. McGuinness, N. McInerney, S. Mckay, C. McKee, M. McKenna, N. McKenna, K. McLean, S. Mediratta, Y. Medkova, O. Medzhidov, A. Mehraj, M. Mekhael, O. Mekinde, C. Mellenthin, A. Melucci, K. Mentor, J. Merchant, H. Messias, M. Messeha, C. Meza, P. Mhango, M. Miladinov, M. Milagros Niquen Jimenez, P. Miller, E. Mills, A. Milton, O. A. Minayeva, Z. MinHua Zheng, H. Mischlinger, B. Mo¨ ckli, R. Modi, H. M. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, T. Mohamed Abulghasm, S. A. Mohammad, T. O. Mohammed, A. Mohammed, H. Mohan, M. Mohan, I. Moin, V. Mok, G. Molina, J. Moloney, J. Moneim, M. Monfort Mira, B. Montcusı´ Ventura, M. Montouri, M. Moossdorff, I. Mora-Guzma´ n, B. Moran, R. A. R. Mora´ n, S. Moreno-Ordaz, A´ . Morera, R. Morgan, R. Morley, D. Moro-Valdezate, S. Moros, J. -L. Moss, A. 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Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), International Cooperation, Practice Patterns, Commission, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Perioperative Care, Education, Surgeon, COVID-19, surgery, perioperative care, Medical, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Graduate, Pandemics, Surgeons, Health Resource, Infection Control, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, Operative, Education, Medical, Graduate, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Perioperative care, Health Resources, Surgery, Female, business, Human
Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.

Published
2021

299. How Military Schools Reconcile Compliance, Authority, and Authenticity in Adolescent Leadership

Author

Kelly C. Jordan

Subjects
business.industry, education, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Agency (sociology), 050301 education, Public relations, business, Psychology, 0503 education, 050203 business & management, Compliance (psychology)
Abstract

Adults and adolescents are different, as are adolescent girls and teenage boys, but it is unclear if or how these differences impact their ideas about leadership. Adults prioritize compliance, obedience, and conformity, while adolescents advocate autonomy, independence, and ingenuity. Adolescent girls prefer a relational, inclusive, collaborative leadership style with a spiritual generative culture that values consensus, while teenage boys prefer an action-oriented and hierarchical leadership style with an empowered dynamic culture that rewards initiative and innovation. Authentic leadership is effective at accommodating the expectations and needs of adults, adolescent girls, and teenage boys, and it generates its own unique empowered generative culture that benefits all constituencies. Military school objectives, adolescents' preferred leadership characteristics, and authentic leadership are quite congruent with one another, and this potent combination makes military schools particularly effective in their main purpose of developing effective authentic adolescent leaders.

Published
2021

300. Assessment of the Utility of Kidney Histology as a Basis for Discarding Organs in the United States: A Comparison of International Transplant Practices and Outcomes

Author

Dirk Kuypers, Stanley C. Jordan, Yassine Bouatou, Antoine Bouquegneau, Christophe Legendre, Xavier Jouven, Carmen Lefaucheur, Jean-Philippe Empana, Ashley Vo, Maarten Naesens, Peter P. Reese, Gillian Divard, Olivier Aubert, Alexandre Loupy, Edmund Huang, Vishnu S. Potluri, Denis Glotz, and Marc Raynaud

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Population, 030232 urology & nephrology, Histology, General Medicine, 030230 surgery, medicine.disease, Surgery, Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Kidney histology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nephrology, Cohort, medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, education, business, Kidney transplantation
Abstract

Background Many kidneys donated for transplant in the United States are discarded because of abnormal histology. Whether histology adds incremental value beyond usual donor attributes in assessing allograft quality is unknown. Methods This population-based study included patients who received a deceased donor kidney that had been biopsied before implantation according to a prespecified protocol in France and Belgium, where preimplantation biopsy findings are generally not used for decision making in the allocation process. We also studied kidneys that had been acquired from deceased United States donors for transplantation that were biopsied during allocation and discarded because of low organ quality. Using donor and recipient characteristics, we fit multivariable Cox models for death-censored graft failure and examined whether predictive accuracy (C index) improved after adding donor histology. We matched the discarded United States kidneys to similar kidneys transplanted in Europe and calculated predicted allograft survival. Results In the development cohort of 1629 kidney recipients at two French centers, adding donor histology to the model did not significantly improve prediction of long-term allograft failure. Analyses using an external validation cohort from two Belgian centers confirmed the lack of improved accuracy from adding histology. About 45% of 1103 United States kidneys discarded because of histologic findings could be accurately matched to very similar kidneys that had been transplanted in France; these discarded kidneys would be expected to have allograft survival of 93.1% at 1 year, 80.7% at 5 years, and 68.9% at 10 years. Conclusions In this multicenter study, donor kidney histology assessment during allocation did not provide substantial incremental value in ascertaining organ quality. Many kidneys discarded on the basis of biopsy findings would likely benefit United States patients who are wait listed.

Published
2020

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