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The sedimentary basin is a basic geological unit in the Earth system: its formation and evolution are controlled mainly by plate tectonics and geodynamics, which have produced a variety of basin types. The development and evolution of various basins depend not only on the tectonic effect of lithospheric plate but also on sublithospheric, and Earth surface actions. Basin classification schemes based on the theories of platform–geosyncline or plate tectonics could neither include all basin types nor reflect the complex processes of basin formation and evolution. From the viewpoint of Earth system, we proposed a new basin classification scheme based on geodynamic mechanism—that is, lithospheric plate, sublithospheric, and Earth surface actions. In our geodynamic classification, we employed a series of geodynamic settings of basin formation and evolution, including the lithospheric plate, sublithospheric, and Earth surface environments, the dynamic regimes of basin formation and evolution, such as tectonic setting (extension, compression and shearing), the thermal processes and gravity effects, the various natures of basin basement and crustal types (continental, oceanic, or transitional crust), and the history of basin sedimentary filling and tectonic paleogeography successively, as the controlling factors for basin classification. This new geodynamic classification scheme highlights both the role of the lithosphere and the effects of the sublithospheric and the Earth surface actions on controlling the basin formation and evolution. The basic dynamic types of basin classification include the prototype basin forming under a single tectonic, thermal, or gravity regime and the superimposed basin as well as residual basin forming under multistage thermal and/or tectonic regimes. Thus, this classification scheme could provide an evolving understanding of lithosphere, crust–mantle interaction, and geodynamic processes as well as of hydrocarbon accumulation and metallogenic mechanisms in sedimentary basins and would help in the synthetic exploration of various resources. [Display omitted] • A geodynamic-based basin classification scheme for the Earth system is proposed. • Besides plate interactions, mantle and Earth surface processes also benefit basin evolution. • Three basic basin types (prototype, superimposed, and relict) are distinguished. • Detailed formation and evolution mechanisms of each basin subtype are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longevity research is a hot topic in the health field. Considerable research focuses on longevity phenomenon in Bama Yao Autonomous County, which has a typical karst landform and is located in Southwest China. This study aims to illustrate the spatial feature of longevity indicators in other Yao areas, to analyze the correlation between climatic factors and longevity indicators, and to provide new clues and targets for further longevity studies. We collect and integrate population, climate, and terrain data into a spatial database. The main analysis methods include spatial autocorrelation, high/low clustering, and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). Two longevity clusters are identified in Guijiang River Basin (longevity index (LI%): 2.49 ± 0.63) and Liujiang River Basin (LI%: 2.13 ± 0.60). The spatial distribution of longevity indicators is autocorrelative (Moran's I = 0.652, p < 0.001) and clustered significantly (Z score = 4.268, p < 0.001). MGWR shows that the atmospheric pressure significantly affects the spatial distribution of LI% (estimate value (EV) = − 0.566, p = 0.012), centenarity index (CI%) (EV = − 0.425, p = 0.007), UC (EV = − 0.502, p = 0.006), and CH (EV = − 0.497, p = 0.007). Rainfall significantly affects the spatial distribution of LI% (EV = 0.300, p = 0.003) and CI% (EV = − 0.191, p = 0.016). The spatial distribution of the main longevity indicators shows significant heterogeneity and autocorrelation, and they cluster in the Guijiang River and Liujiang River basins. Atmospheric pressure and rainfall may contribute to the longevity phenomenon through complex mechanisms. The longevity phenomenon in the Yao nationality in Guijiang River Basin requires further study to improve our understanding of the health effect of meteorological, environmental, and social conditions on longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the place and significance of the French language in the development of Ottoman Jewish press before the end of the War of Independence in 1922. To this end, in light of the sources available, we have tried to give general information about the periodicals published solely or partially in French and their publishers. We also provided a panorama of developments after the proclamation of the republic in an sub-section. The term "Jewish Press" implies the periodicals (newspapers and magazines) published by Ottoman Jews within the borders of today's Turkey (Aydın, Edirne, Istanbul and Izmir) intended to address the Jewish community. In addition, we have included some periodicals aimed at the general readership into our study. The publishers and/or editors of these periodicals were Ottoman Jews, and the French-speaking Jewish community of the Ottoman state followed these publications with great interest. However, we have not included the procedures required to obtain official permits and licenses for publishing a periodical into our study. We also had to leave the issues related to censorship and press legislation out, since they were not specific to publications in French, but were general rules applied to all Ottoman press. Therefore, we believe these issues should be the subject of another study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Andes are characterized by an abundance of water resources and flows are frequently regulated by reservoirs for the generation of energy. The effects of regulation on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities are not well known in Colombia. Objective: To test the hypothesis that regulated currents have less macroinvertebrate diversity. Methods: We collected water and organism samples before, and after, the regulation of the Tafetanes, Calderas and Arenosa rivers, in Antioquia, Colombia, during various hydrological cycles (rain, transition and drought) and climatic phenomena (ENSO/El Niño Phenomenon) between 2016 and 2018. Results: We collected 53 214 individuals, from 165 taxa, mostly from the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Diptera (90 % of captures). Changes in diversity responded to spatial differences rather than to physicochemical variables: diversity was higher in non-regulated sites, regardless of the hydrological period or associated ENSO. Most species were found in all sampling sites, but abundance was higher in the site with the best habitat conservation status. Conclusion: The results support the hypothesis that physical barriers have effects on macroinvertebrate diversity at the local scale, however, the condition of adjacent habitats also seems to play an important role in preserving richness and abundance. The conservation of forest adjacent to the riverbed could mitigate the impacts of regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geochemical analysis of sediments recovered from NS-1 well and NS-2 well, Leuma Field, Coastal Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin was done to establish tectonic setting and provenance. Data for ten major elements and forty-three trace elements were obtained from two boreholes. The geochemical signals display systematic stratigraphic trends in the two wells that depict one source terrain. To determine the provenance of NS-1 well and NS-2 well sediments, Th/Co vs La/Sc plot was utilized which inferred that the sediments from NS-1 and NS-2 wells were derived from felsic source rocks. TiO2 versus Ni bivariate plot was also used to establish the provenance and it revealed that the source of the sediments penetrated by NS-1 and NS-2 wells is predominantly acidic in nature. The provenance of NS-1 and NS-2 wells sediments was further confirmed by considering the ratios of Thorium/Scandium (Th/Sc), Thorium/Cobalt (Th/Co), Chromium/Thorium (Cr/Th) and Lanthanum/Scandium (La/Sc). For NS-1 well, Thorium/Scandium (Th/Sc) range from 1.12-2.01, Thorium/Cobalt (Th/Co) range from 0.91-1.66, Chromium/Thorium (Cr/Th) range from 4.21-16.04 and Lanthanum/Scandium (La/Sc) range from 3.69-8.78. For NS-2 well, Thorium/Scandium (Th/Sc) range from 0.95-2.05, Thorium/Cobalt (Thko/Co) range from 0.94-1.91, Chromium/Thorium (Th/Cr) range from 4.32-15.43 and Lanthanum/Scandium (La/Sc) range from 2.58-6.66. These values inferred that the sediments recovered from NS-1 and NS-2 wells were transported from felsic source rocks. Inorganic geochemical results infer that the tectonic setting for NS-1 and NS-2 wells facies is passive continental margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería is the property of Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Belgi Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a result of the increase in the negative effects of climate change, many natural disasters such as drought, forest fires, and floods are experienced all over the world. In Türkiye, especially in the Black Sea region, floods and overflows are frequently seen due to excessive precipitation. The use of current data obtained from the land management information system in the disaster management information system increases the accuracy of the predictability of disasters and ensures their sustainability. For this reason, the accuracy and up-to-date data obtained from the land management information system are important. Storage, modeling, querying, analysis, and tracking model has created for local and private administrations thanks to the acquisition of data by remote sensing and photogrammetry methods and their integration with GIS. Thus, natural disasters caused by the negative effects of climate change can be prevented. It is necessary to model the basin in terms of geological, geomorphological, and hydrographic and to create a basin management model, especially to predict, monitor, and take precautions for flood and overflow events. In this study, the boundaries of the Ayancık Stream Basin, which is located on the Sinop Plateau and flows into the Black Sea by mostly flowing in the north-south direction, were determined and morphometric analyses of the basin were made. With the help of morphometric analysis, the hydrographic features of the Ayancık Stream Basin were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical and radar satellite data based Global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) serve as a main data source in hydrological studies today. Open access Remote Sensing (RS) products have increasing accuracy and improved spatial resolution. The main research purposes are to study the use of AW3D30, ASTER GDEM V003 and SRTMGL1 DEMs in modeling mountainous lake basin and comparative analysis of their spatial accuracy. Topographic maps and very high resolution satellite imagery of the study area have been applied for the spatial accuracy verification and surface referencing. The relative accuracies of three different DEMs were analyzed using 1284 elevation points on the terrain surfaces. Comparison of these DEMs with 30 m spatial resolution confirms that an AW3D30 DEM has a higher vertical accuracy compared to other models and can be used for modeling river and lake basins over high mountainous terrain. The detected unreliable sections of the modeled lake basin boundary were analyzed and corrected based on the basin delineation by different DEMs. Analysis of spatial accuracy of the delineated Issyk-Kul Lake basin provide further incentive for DEM modification based on higher resolution remote sensing data, considering the applied geoid height differences as well by using satellite positioning data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina is the property of Asociacion Geologica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing cross-regional impact of climate change increasing in recent years, the Han River Basin, as a vital water resource supply and densely populated area in China, faces severe cross-regional flood threats and challenges. The systematic consideration of flood regulation throughout the entire upstream and downstream of the basin has become imminent. Our research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the ecosystem flood regulation service flows from upstream to downstream within subbasins and catchments scales of the Han River Basin. The results showed that the overflow path from upstream to downstream of the flood was basically consistent with the trend of the stream and the main tributaries of the Han River. It emerged that subbasins c, e, g, h and k were the key areas for the overall regulation of the upstream and downstream floods at subbasin scale. A total of 11 catchments overflow into their adjacent downstream catchments across the subbasins, a fact which is critical for catchment scale flood regulation. What’s more, there is evident interaction not only between adjacent subbasin and catchment units but also substantial exchange of service flows between non-adjacent units. Notably, catchment c’s flood regulation service flow was primarily contributed by its non-adjacent units. These findings not only contribute to filling the current knowledge gap in cross-watershed flood overflow and flood regulation service flows, but also provide support for the integrated response of upstream and downstream flood disaster risk management at the whole basin scale.

The afforestation of grasslands can alter different ecosystems’ functional processes; it affects the water balance due to the high water demand, caused by the increased productivity of the plantations, increase evapotranspiration, and reduces base flow of the basins. In Uruguay, there are two scenarios; the headwaters of the Tacuarembó River, where the area of plantations has increased for more than 30 years, and the headwaters of the Río Negro, where mainly grasslands are preserved without significant changes. This article evaluates the dynamics of grassland afforestation in the two basins, through the spatial and temporal analysis of historical trends with the use of remote sensors and considering the effect on water yield through field measurements, in the period 1984–2014. The spatial analysis shows an increase in the area of the forested basin, and the temporal analysis shows a reduction in the runoff coefficient due to the effect of the afforestation of pastures. Therefore, the movement from grassland to forest plantations reduces water flow considerably; this was identified through base flow measurements in the field with the integration of remote sensors. This allowed the observation of the relevant changes in the two basins studied, which may be related to climate change and human activities.

The study of teleconnection patterns is important to define and predict the temperature and precipitation anomalies and climate changes on a regional scale. In this study, the precipitation anomalies and intensities are analyzed in different El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases based on statistic-synoptic and dynamic approaches in Iran's basins. For this purpose, a network of 717 meteorological stations and rain gauges was created during the period 1987–2015 in 6 basins and 30 sub-basins in Iran. The precipitation anomalies and intensities of these basins were statistically analyzed in different ENSO phases and Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), respectively. To analyze the synoptic and dynamic conditions in a medium El Niño, the negative and positive anomalies in the precipitation were examined in winter 2003 and spring 1992 using monthly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. Also, moisture flux convergence (MFC) was calculated and plotted for the lower (850–1000), middle (700–750), and upper (500–600) hPa troposphere layers using GrADS. The results of the precipitation anomalies showed positive and negative fluctuations of ± 100 to ± 150 mm in ENSO phases and ± 50 mm in the neutral phase. Consequently, the seasonal and annual precipitation anomalies were escalated in different ENSO intensities and their different phases. Moreover, it was found that the southeastern, eastern, and central plateau basins were slightly affected by the ENSO. Synoptic and dynamic analysis of precipitation anomalies also demonstrated the role of westward displacement (sea to land) and eastward (land to sea) components of Saudi Arabia's high-pressure system. During the positive precipitation anomalies (with a significant eastward displacement to the east and settled on the Arabian Sea), advection of heat and humidity toward Iran and penetration trough in the Middle East caused the increased intensity and extension of precipitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the basins of the equilibrium points embedded within the normal forms of Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation with delayed feedback control. It is numerically shown that the unstable periodic orbit that coexists with the equilibrium point stabilized by delayed feedback control is associated with the basin of the stabilized point. The relation between the periodic orbit and the basin indicates that for enlarging the basin, a homoclinic bifurcation for the orbit and a saddle point can provide useful information for the design of delayed feedback controllers. These results are experimentally confirmed in a real direct-current bus circuit that has dynamics similar to that of the normal form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One day after the establishment of the Committee of Inquest on April 18, 1960 and the adoption of the Law of Police Powers, which gave this committee broad powers, on April 27, protests led by university students began in Istanbul and Ankara. Martial law was declared in these two cities by the Democratic Party government and harsh measures were implemented. Within the scope of these measures, the press was also intervened and any news about the protests was prohibited. While the newspapers that did not comply with the prohibitions were sentenced to close down for a while, the relevant copies were confiscated. For this reason, it is almost impossible to come across news about the upheavals in Istanbul and Ankara in the newspapers of the period until the May 27 coup. After the coup, the junta began to accuse the DP government with mind-blowing accusations to explain the legitimacy of the coup to the public. The allegations that a large number of students were murdered feloniously by the government in the Istanbul-Ankara upheavals and their bodies were chopped in feed machines and pulverized were widely covered in the press. The newspapers of the period even launched campaigns to build monuments for students who lost their lives. There are also allegations that plans were made to exterminate the cadets of the Military Academy and that there were buried weapons and military equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropic activities have progressively left their mark in the environment where man benefits from the ecosystem goods and services, which has transcended socio-environmental conflicts throughout history. Proof of this is the drastic changes suffered by the Bogotá River due to the uncontrolled discharges from the continuous growth of populations and activities surrounding the body of water. In the present study, the variability of the environmental parameters in the upper basin of the Bogotá River between the years 2007 to 2019 is exposed after the issuance of the Agreement 43 of 2006 of the CAR, for which a multi-temporal analysis was carried out and statistical data. The results show that throughout the twelve (12) years of monitoring there is no contamination due to nitrates, nitrites, or sulfates in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, similarly, the monitored pH remained within the objectives of quality except for 3 years in which the maximum value allowed in the upper part of the basin was exceeded. However, the increasing deterioration of the water quality in the Bogotá River is mainly attributed to the total suspended solids that shows a permanent non-compliance in the upper and lower upper basin, added to the non-compliance in the lower upper basin according to the quality objectives for the dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD parameters. Consequently, the results show the scarce impact derived from the actions developed by the local and environmental authorities to ensure the quality objectives in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, and the effect of weak water governance in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall-runoff phenomena are controlled by several complicated parameters. Each analysis model is use specific parameters as inputs for the analysis and the accuracy of the any model depend on the input parameters and processing algorithm. The relationship of rainfall-runoff is one of the most complex hydrologic phenomena; due to the great spatial and temporal variability of basin characteristics and precipitation patterns. Study area located in the eastern parts of Iraq and extended on 3731square kilometers; the basin is bounded between latitudes 32o 00' to 33o 20' N and longitudes 47o 10' to 48o 00' E. The area is suffering from the absence of gauge stations for the water discharge at the outlets of the main sub-basins, that's make the validation of estimated values of surface runoff more difficult task. The main objective of the study is to analysis the relation of rainfall-runoff using Soil Conservation Service (SCS)-Curve Number (CN) losses method. The analysis was carried by WMS v.11 software and HEC-1 model. The results of HEC-1 simulation, shows the characters of surface runoff i.e. runoff volume, peak flow, time of peak flow, Time of concentration for four sub-basins with respect to antecedent moisture conditions (AMC). The results show the effect of soil types, land use/land cover, vegetation densities, morphometric parameters and variation of rainfall intensity on the spatial variability of the surface runoff parameters in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights through the issues addressed, the application aspects regarding the approach of the concept of recovery of sewage sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant (SEAU), which is in a stage of technological expansion and modernization. Thus, it is considered the need to process the potential of biological mass generated by anaerobic stabilization in the SEAU, with a population of about 10,000 equivalent inhabitants, which requires on one hand, the technological design of activated sludge basins and on the other hand, the design of a sewage sludge fermentation tank, in order to produce biogas, necessary for its recovery for energy purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpretation of gravity data revealed new information about the detailed structure and hydrogeology of the Moulares basin (Southwestern Tunisia). Geophysical data, 3D gravity modeling, and correlation with downhole hydrogeological observations revealed segmentation of the basin into numerous subbasins separated by NW–SE trending lineaments. This structural control on hydrogeological province is fundamental for constraining modeling (recharge, discharge, and water pathways) and for establishing effective and sustainable groundwater management plans. The gravity method is one example of nonseismic geophysics that can be useful in delineating the areal extent and geometry of hydrogeological systems. Potential hydrogeological areas correspond on filtered gravity maps (Residual, Tilt gravity derivative) to an alignment of negative gravity anomalies. Along the axes of the negative gravity anomalies, we acquired Transient Domain Electromagnetic method soundings (TDEM) to deduce the lateral variations of the different alluvial aquifer systems. The interpretation of the TDEM data, calibrated with the hydrogeological wells, revealed that shallow strata at less than 40 m depth correspond to sediments rich in clays to the east of the basin, and to a Plio-Quaternary aquifer overlying coarse-grained clastic sediments toward the west. It also revealed that the Plio-Quaternary aquifer is variable in thickness along the basin and that the Miocene aquifer is encountered at greater depths to the west of the basin. These results are in perfect agreement with the subbasins/faults architecture revealed by gravity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many contradictions between economic development and environmental protection in various regions of the Guangdong province basin. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a standardized and scientific provincial basin ecological protection compensation system to solve the urgent policy problems regarding basin ecological protection compensation in the Guangdong Province. This study comprehensively analyzed the basic situation of a river basin in the Guangdong province, including the types and characteristics of ecological protection compensation in the river basin, and identified the main problems in the current basin ecological protection and compensation system; we compared these with the problems in current status of laws, regulations, practices, and systems of ecological protection and compensation in the river basin at home and abroad. Based on the results, policy measures were suggested for the compensation mechanism with the aim of optimizing ecological protection of river basins while making the policies feasible for the actual conditions of the Guangdong province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The watersheds of the Quindío River in Colombia South America have high levels of contamination by total suspended solids (TSS). The objective of this work was to represent the entire hydrographic network of the watersheds of the Quindío department by means of a graph and, using network theory, analyze the different centrality measures to identify areas most prone to TSS contamination. Similarly, partial differential equations were used to simulate the transport of TSS pollutants between specific points of the basin. For this purpose, a network of 409 nodes and 408 edges was created based on topographic maps and reports from the corporations in charge of preserving these watersheds. With information on contamination zones, the network, and partial differential equations, TSS transport was calculated throughout the hydrological network, identifying eight critical zones with high levels of this parameter. Some of these zones are on major rivers, such as the Quindío River near the city of Armenia; the Roble, Espejo, and San Juan rivers also have considerable levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sinking of organic matter represents an essential mechanism for sequestration of carbon that is exported from the ocean surface to deeper depths. While recent studies have highlighted the important role of microorganisms in the biological pump, the impact of sinking particles on the vertical connectivity of microbial communities has received limited attention. In this study, we present the microbial profile of sinking particles in the northern slope and the central basin of the marginal South China Sea (SCS) using an in-line size-fractionated water filtration and Illumina high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We investigate the microbial community composition within organic particles of different size fractions (30, 5, 3, 0.22 μm), and we reveal significant differences in the microbial community structure between these two distinct areas of SCS. The vertical connectivity of microbial communities in the slope and the central basin of SCS shows distinct patterns of microbial dispersal along the water column that occurs via the sinking of organic particles. We find that the microbial communities have different abundances on the different examined particle size fractions and which highlights the role of sinking particles in shaping microbial lifestyles along the water column. Our study underscores the influence of environmental variations on the vertical connectivity of microorganisms and provides additional insights into the marine biological pump under different environmental conditions. • Differences in prokaryotic communities and their vertical connectivity between South China Sea slope and central basin. • Differences in particle characterization in two regions affect the vertical connectivity of prokaryotic community. • Depth-specialist ASVs and ASVs shared across all depths show different particle size preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil field research in regional Banyuasin “HUF” , South Sumatra have been done by the gravity data with objective of knowing fault structure based on analysis of hydrocarbon SVD and knows hollow structure based on the 3D model of the Bouguer Anomaly and Residual Anomaly. Study areas had Bouguer Anomaly between 13 mgal up to 33 mgal to the interval 1 mgal, where the value of Bouguer Anomaly high have a range value 26 mgal up to 33 mgal which is in the direction of west. While the low value of Bouguer Anomaly have a range value 13 mgal to 20 mgal that is in the east. To knew the existence of structure fault, filtering Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) on a Bouguer Anomaly, Regional and Residua mapl.Pattern of structure fault indicated the contours of a zero value and between the high and low contours. From the results of the analysis SVD Complete Bouguer Anomaly and SVD Residual Anomaly there were 4 (four) fault, while from SVD Regional Anomaly there are 3 (three) fault. 3D modeling the Residual Anomaly were conducted to prove the existence of the fault SVD analyzed based on the results of the analysis and to know the hydrocarbon basin. Based on the results of the inversion of 3D the Residual Anomaly, basin was found in the depth of 1500 m – 3000 m with a value of the density ranges from 2.24 gram/cc until 2.32 gram/cc which identified as sandstone basin.

Cross River, which originates from Cameroon, flows through several communities in Nigeria. The population upsurge and settlements near the river channel, however, portends the possibility of natural hazards such as floods. Floods within the upper Cross River basin (UCRB) have resulted in the loss of lives and property. The importance of flood studies, therefore, cannot be overemphasized. This study evaluated the influence of sub-basins on the flooding of the main channel in the UCRB using morphometric analysis. The UCRB was delineated into sub-basins using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission Digital Elevation Model. The drainage network and morphometric parameters were extracted using QSWAT installed as a plugin in QGIS. Based on the compound factors computed from morphometric parameters that directly impact runoff, the UCRB was categorized into three flood vulnerability zones namely: high vulnerability (10.93–13.10), moderate vulnerability (8.75–10.92), and low vulnerability (6.57–8.74). The analysis revealed that sub-basins 18, 10, 8, 17, 1, 6, 15, and 13 have greater potentials to attain peak discharge in a short period, therefore, the instantaneous high runoff contribution of their tributaries to Cross River. The results of this study provide useful information for the effective mitigation and management of the flood vulnerabilities of the UCRB.

Millî Mücadele sırasında kamuoyu yaratma ve halkı yönlendirmede basın önemli rol oynamıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası kamuoyu desteğinin sağlanması, halka doğru bilgi ulaştırılabilmesinde Millî Mücadele yanlısı İstanbul ve Anadolu basını son derece hayati görevler üstlenmiştir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa İstanbul ve Anadolu’nun çeşitli vilayetlerinde çıkartılan Millî Mücadele yanlısı gazeteleri ilgi ile takip etmiş, bu gazeteleri yürüttüğü mücadeleyi kamuoyuna duyurmada bir araç olarak görmüştür. Millî Mücadele döneminde Türkoğlu adıyla Bolu’da bir gazete yayımlanmıştır. Bolu Vilayet matbaasında basılan gazete iki yıl süren yayın hayatı boyunca Kuvayı Milliyeyi destekleyen yayınları ile kamuoyunu aydınlatıp bilinçlendirmiştir. Türkoğlu gazetesi, 15 Ağustos 1921’den 26 Ağustos 1923 yılına kadar yayın hayatını sürdürmüştür. İki yıl boyunca 104 sayı çıkartılan gazete Millî Mücadele’nin başarıya ulaşmasından sonra kapanmıştır. Gazetenin imtiyaz sahibi eski ittihatçılardan kaymakamlık görevlerinde bulunmuş olan Mithat Akif Bey’dir. Haftalık olarak çıkartılan gazetenin sorumlu yazı işleri müdürü Mehmet Abdi Bey’dir. Kuvâ-yı Milliye lehine bir yayın politikası izlenmiş, Millî Mücadele ile ilgili haberlere, makalelere, şiirlere sıklıkla yer verilmiş, yerel, ulusal ve uluslararası siyasi gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada Türkoğlu gazetesinin Kuvâ-yı Milliye hareketine sağladığı katkı değerlendirilmiştir. Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü kütüphanesindeki tam koleksiyon üzerinde yapılan çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle Anadolu Basınının Millî Mücadele’nin zafere ulaşmasındaki etkisi Türkoğlu gazetesi örneği üzerinden irdelenmiştir.

Surface water of Kébir Rhumel basin is indispensable for domestic and industrial needs of this region. Industrial development, with water excessive use and chemical products, in production and industrial treatment, and not sustainable fertilizers in agriculture, constitutes a serious threat to maintain our resources of good water quality. The majority of domestic and industrial wastewaters of the region, discharged to the stream water of Kébir Rhumel basin, promote the water enrichment in nutritious elements, phosphorus and nitrogen and particularly, the resulting increase in the aquatic primary production, mainly the planktonic or benthic algae. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of water deteriorate.

The research relevance is backed by the need to expand the resource potential of some oilfields in Baku Archipelago. The aim of the research is to determine structural evolution features of Aran Deniz, Dashly, Sabail structures, paleogeographic, pressure and temperature conditions and sedimentation rate in order to evaluate oil and gas prospects of the investigated area. Paleotectonic and paleogeographic reconstruction of the area under investigation were conducted using computer software and a tectonic model of the deposition zone was constructed based on paleogeographic data. Study of the geologic evolution history of the local structures Aran deniz, Dashli and Sabail showed that they have co sedimentation character, and paleogeographic conditions and sedimentation rates of the certain stratigraphic units contributed to organic matter accumulation in section rocks above the Clarke number; complication of local structures by mud volcanoes shows quite favorable pressure and temperature conditions for oil and gas generation in potential productive layers.

19. yüzyılın başından itibaren Osmanlı Devleti’nin en önemli sorunlarından biri milliyetçilik cereyanına paralel olarak gelişen gayrimüslim tebaanın bağımsızlık hareketleri olmuştur. Yunan, Bulgar ve Ermeni örneklerinde bu hareketlerin bayraktarlıklarını kiliseler ve din adamları, komiteler ve öğretmenler gibi milletlerini etkileme konumunda bulunanlar yapmıştır. Ermenilerin özerklik/bağımsızlık isteklerinde meselenin uluslararası boyuta taşınması ve dünya kamuoyunda tanınmasında birçok Avrupa ülkesi ve Amerika'daki faaliyetleriyle karşımıza çıkan önemli simalardan biri de çok yönlü bir şahsiyet olan Minas Çeraz'dır. 1852-1929 yılları arasında yaşamış olan Çeraz, Ermeni Sorunu'nun gelişim sürecindeki simalardan biri olarak eğitim hayatını müteakip önce Ermeni Patriği Genel Sekreteri ardından Berlin Kongresi'ne patrikhane tarafından gönderilen heyetin tercümanı olarak görev almıştı. Bu süreçteki çabalarından memnun kalan dönemin Patriği Nerses Varjabedyan, onu heyetin Berlin’den dönmesinden bir süre sonra, Londra’da Ermeniler adına çeşitli temaslarda bulunmak üzere İngiltere'ye gönderdi. Daha sonra, “Ermenilerin temsilcisi” olarak 1893’te Chicago Dünya Dinleri Konferansı ve ardından 1899’da Lahey Barış Konferansı gibi uluslararası toplantılara katılan Çeraz'ın önemli bir özelliği de önce İngiltere'de ardından Fransa’da yayınladığı “L’Arménie” dergisi ile Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı yürüttüğü yayın faaliyeti olmuştur. Bu makalenin amacı Ermeni Davası için daha birçok görev ve sorumluluk üstlenen Minas Çeraz'ın Ermeni Sorunu'nun ortaya çıkış sürecinde özellikle Batı kamuoyunu kazanmaya yönelik faaliyetlerinin genel bir çerçevesini çizmek ve böylece Çeraz örneğinde dönemin Ermeni aydınlarının meseleye bakışlarını analiz etmektir.

Abstract Background Pulmonary heart disease (PHD) has become a global burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. However, very few studies have assessed the influence of air pollution on PHD. This is the first study to explore the association between gaseous pollutants and PHD-related mortality in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China. Methods Data on PHD-related mortality among elderly people (aged 60 and older) from 2013 to 2017 were collected from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on air pollutants were collected from all 24 Municipal Environmental Monitoring Sites in Chengdu, and data on daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were collected from the Chengdu Municipal Meteorological Bureau. An epidemiological design of time-stratified case-crossover was conducted to assess the association between short-term exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants and PHD-related mortality among elderly people. Results About 54,920 PHD-related deaths among people aged 60 and older were reported. After controlling for daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, an IQR concentration increase in levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) (13 μg/m3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (17 μg/m3), and ozone (O3) (74 μg/m3) was associated with 7.8, 6.2, and 5.5% increases in PHD-related mortality in people aged 60 and older, respectively. People over age 70 might have even higher susceptibility to PHD-related mortality associated with SO2, NO2, and O3. Females and individuals with alternative marital statuses (widowed, divorced, or never married) had twice and more than twice the PHD-related mortality risk associated with SO2 and NO2 than males and married individuals, respectively. Conclusions Increased concentrations of ambient SO2, NO2, and O3 were significantly and positively associated with PHD-related mortality in Chengdu, China. Sociodemographic factors – including gender, age, and marital status – may modify the acute health effects of gaseous pollutants.

The research relevance is backed by the need to expand the resource potential of the western flank of the South Caspian basin and increase production in some oilfields of the Baku Archipelago. The aim of the research is to determine structural evolution features, paleogeographic, pressure and temperature environment and the deposition rate in order to assess oil and gas opportunities of the area under investigation. Methods. Paleotectonic and paleogeographic reconstruction of the area under investigation were conducted using computer software and a tectonic model of the deposition zone was constructed based on paleogeographic data. Results. The authors have constructed the schematic map, paleogeographic histogram, deposition rate diagrams for individual structures, paleotectonic profiles, a chart of the fold amplitude variation as a function of time and analyzed using computer technologies. The studies allow making the following conclusions: study of the history of geologic evolution of the local structures Aran-deniz-Dashli and Sabail showed that their development is syndepositional by nature; study of paleogeographic environments and deposition rates of individual stratigraphic units identified the presence of favorable paleogeographic conditions for accumulation of organic matter in source rocks of the section above the Clarke number; complication of local structures by mud volcanoes as well as analysis of geothermal data throughout the section allow making the conclusion on existence of quite favorable pressure and temperature environment for oil and gas generation in potential source rocks.

Abstract Objectives The association between concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) for asthma was explored in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China for the first time. Methods EADs for asthma were collected from the Chengdu First-Aid Command Center. Pollutant concentrations were collected from 24 municipal environmental monitoring centers and including SO2, NO2, CO, daily 8-h mean concentrations of O3 (O3-8 h), and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). The climatic data were collected from the Chengdu Municipal Meteorological Bureau. All data were collected from years spanning 2013–2017. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the data. Results After controlling for temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure, IQR increases in SO2 (13 μg/m3), NO2 (17 μg/m3), and CO (498 μg/m3) were associated with 18.8%, 11.5%, and 3.1% increases in EADs for asthma, respectively. The associations were strongest for EADs and SO2, NO2, and CO levels with 3-, 5-, and 1-day lags, respectively. Conclusions This study provides additional data to the limited body of literature for potential health risks arising from ambient gaseous pollutants. The results of the study suggest that increased concentrations of SO2, NO2, and CO were positively associated with emergency ambulance dispatches for asthma in Chengdu, China. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of individual air pollutants on asthma.

This study includes determining the hydrogeological setting of the aquifer in the study area including groundwater measurement direction and the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. The study showed the existence of a shallow aquifer (unconfined) in the Quaternary deposits with presence of confined aquifer in the Bai-Hasan Formation. The construction of flow net showed that the groundwater flow is from the northeast to southwest (middle parts) of the study area and then to northwest towards the Lesser Zab River. The information of six wells three of them with observation well shows that the values of the transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), Storage Coefficient (S) and specific capacity (SC) were ranged from (12.048 to 158.559 m3/day/m), (0.0848 to 4.545 m/d), (2.1 × 10-4 - 4.67 × 10-3) and (21. 6 to 166.956 m3/d/m) respectively, where (T) and (K) calculated by using (Aquifer Win program) software that depend on the methods of Cooper-Jacob and Theis recovery for analysis these information. The saturated thickness values for each wells collected from bank information of General Commission for Groundwater Kirkuk branch is ranged between (33 – 142) m. The aim of the research is to calculate the hydraulic characteristics and the flow direction, as well as the renewable and constant storage and the distance between the drilling wells in the study area..

Abstract Understanding urban expansion at the watershed scale is important because watersheds are important carriers of ecological and environmental impacts. However, current analyses are mainly restricted to administrative units only. Here, we used a long‐term multitemporal data set of urban land to quantify the spatiotemporal trends in the extent and form of urban expansion from 1992 to 2016 in endorheic and exoreic watersheds, globally. Overall, urban expansion in 70% of watersheds (154/220) showed a decelerating trend. The average urban expansion speed of these watersheds in the last 6 years was approximately half of that in the last 24 years. Urban expansion speed in endorheic watersheds lagged behind the counterparts in exoreic watersheds, with the former approximately 1/4 of the latter. More importantly, the pattern of urban expansion in endorheic watersheds was following the low‐density and sprawling trend in exoreic watersheds, which could exert far‐reaching impacts on the sustainability of endorheic watersheds located in arid lands. These findings suggest the need to look beyond administrative city boundaries for land use planning and policies in the context of watershed management.

The student protests of 68 are the movements of many generations and trends in world history that have influenced all the countries of the world starting in Paris in 1968. "Flower people"; "The 47s", and the movement of this generation has set out to strive for a more beautiful, more beautiful world. Although 68 events in the US and Western Europe were mostly social and cultural, this process was more political in third world countries. In the third world countries, 68 events were carried out in the framework of imperialism and opposition to the West and in favor of socialism. In this way, it enabled Marxism to re-enter the world agenda in a widespread manner. The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of 68 students' events in the Turkish press and to reveal their relevance to education. Within the framework of this study, national newspapers (Hürriyet, Cumhuriyet, Tercüman) were scanned between 1967-1968. Descriptive analysis and document review technique was used in analyzing the news related to the events of 68 students. These newspapers were selected for purposes of "benchmarking" method. The data was obtained from archives relating to all three newspapers. When choosing the news, attention has been paid to the retrieval of the educational parts of the 68 student events. The fact that the events are reflected by the republican and interpreter's newspapers, the fact that the interpreter's journal exists in this environment and the facts about the destruction of the values and the development in education are dominant are realized by Hürriyet and the Republic reflecting this movement with the movement of freedom and democracy in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding urban expansion at the watershed scale is important because watersheds are important carriers of ecological and environmental impacts. However, current analyses are mainly restricted to administrative units only. Here, we used a long‐term multitemporal data set of urban land to quantify the spatiotemporal trends in the extent and form of urban expansion from 1992 to 2016 in endorheic and exoreic watersheds, globally. Overall, urban expansion in 70% of watersheds (154/220) showed a decelerating trend. The average urban expansion speed of these watersheds in the last 6 years was approximately half of that in the last 24 years. Urban expansion speed in endorheic watersheds lagged behind the counterparts in exoreic watersheds, with the former approximately 1/4 of the latter. More importantly, the pattern of urban expansion in endorheic watersheds was following the low‐density and sprawling trend in exoreic watersheds, which could exert far‐reaching impacts on the sustainability of endorheic watersheds located in arid lands. These findings suggest the need to look beyond administrative city boundaries for land use planning and policies in the context of watershed management. Plain Language Summary: Urban expansion and its impacts are not restricted in urban boundary, but manifest at broader scales, such as watersheds. Previous studies mainly examine the characteristics of urban expansion from the perspective of administrative division, while a comprehensive understanding of the watershed scale is lacking. This study investigated five features of urban expansion (speed, trend, heterogeneity, mode, and efficiency) among thousands of watersheds globally, and compared these features between endorheic and exoreic watersheds. The results show that, globally, urban expansion slowed down in most of the watersheds. However, the unevenness and low‐density development of urban land still dominated in both endorheic and exoreic watersheds. This study could provide a benchmark and proxy for measuring human activities and their environmental impacts at the watershed scale. It also calls for a governance shift from administrative boundary to watershed boundary. Key Points: We quantify five features of urban expansion among 220 watersheds globally for the last 25 yearsMost of the watersheds globally experienced a decelerating and sprawling urban expansionRapid and low‐density of urban expansion in endorheic watersheds may threaten their sustainability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incident, became a subject of international law textbooks, took place on August 2, 1927 in the Aegean Sea, off Mytilene, in the form of a collision between the French SS Lotus and the Turkish ship Bozkurt. The next day, the captain of SS Lotus, was arrested due to mutual complaints. At this point, the French authorities had intense objections to the jurisdiction of the Istanbul Court, while the Republic of Turkey proposed to refer the case to The Hague Court of Justice. Thus, the case is transferred to international law. While the Turkish press generally maintained its courtesy at the beginning and continuation of the Hague process, it is difficult to find the same style in some newspapers published in French media. In this study, it is aimed to examine some news published in the French press of the period from a linguistic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closed terrain depressions are geomorphic features that show scale invariance over the wide range of scales on which they occur, from metres to thousands of kilometres. They are also global features that are present on all continents. Morphometric analyses of these depressions are now possible because of the availability of global digital elevation models and advances in methods for mapping closed depressions. Here, a simple and automatic but efficient method is proposed for mapping closed terrain depressions. The GTOPO30 global digital elevation model, with a spatial resolution of around 1 km, was used to map the closed depressions of eight large test sites sampled from all inhabited continents. The identified and delineated terrain depressions include lake watersheds together with many other terrain depressions including deserts, karst terrains and rift valleys. A fractal analysis shows that South America and Central Africa have similar, and also the largest, fractal dimensions; Central Europe and North Africa have intermediate fractal dimensions; and North America, Central Asia, the Near East and Australia have similar, low fractal dimensions. The methodology proposed in this paper can be used to identify areas of interest for which a more exhaustive analysis, using digital elevation models with better spatial resolution, can be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]