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Culex interrogator is a culicid species that has recently been reported in the insular Caribbean, first in Cuba, specifically in the province of Santiago de Cuba, and shortly afterward in the Dominican Republic. This study’s objective is to report for the first time the presence of Cx. interrogator in the Cuban province of Camagüey and investigate its larval breeding sites in the urban environment. In 2022, visual inspections were conducted in all dwellings and facilities in the municipality of Camagüey, including intra- and peridomiciliary areas in the urban and suburban regions. In each positive mosquito reservoir, as many larvae and pupae as possible were collected. A total of 30 samples positive for Cx. interrogator (n = 155 larvae) were collected from 13 types of reservoirs. Ditches were the most frequent reservoir with the species present (n = 8; 26.66%), followed by ground-level tanks and sewage pits (n = 4; 13.33% each). All positive reservoirs were located in outdoor areas of dwellings. The discovery of this mosquito species in Camagüey, with many unknown aspects of its role as a vector, highlights the need for close monitoring and in-depth study.

La filosofía resulta de gran significación para la formación científica, político-ideológica y cultural de los futuros egresados de la Educación Superior. Desde su surgimiento potencia el conocimiento en el hombre, al igual que otras ciencias o disciplinas. Es fundamental destacar su importancia para el desarrollo integral de los educandos, de ahí que el presente artículo persiga como objetivo contribuir al logro de una cultura filosófica, para un correcto proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Filosofía en la Educación Superior, aplicado al currículum de la Enseñanza Primaria. De este modo se garantiza ese desarrollo integral de la personalidad de un profesional y un nivel alto de competencia y compromiso para asumir los retos de la sociedad contemporánea. Para ello se utilizaron métodos y técnicas de investigación científica como el análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, revisión bibliográfica. Como resultado se espera una mejor asimilación de los contenidos filosóficos en el proceso de formación del profesional implicado.

Abstract This study presents new ionanofluids (INF) composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid (IL) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles which have been assessed for the first time in an experimental flat plate solar thermal collector (FPSC). For this purpose, four types of INFs were synthesized, maintaining a constant concentration of GO nanoparticles dispersed in different base fluids: ionic liquid (IL/GO), a mixture of ionic liquid and water in varying concentrations (IL-water (75–25)%/GO and IL-water (50–50)%/GO), and water (Water/GO). These four INFs were characterized and their thermophysical and physicochemical properties were determined. The results indicated a 37.4% improvement in efficiency and up to a 2.5-fold increase in temperature within the collector when the IL was applied exclusively as the base fluid, compared to water. Furthermore, IL/GO demonstrated excellent stability, showing no signs of deterioration or nanoparticle precipitation two years after preparation and testing. These findings suggest that INFs based on IL and GO nanoparticles significantly enhance the efficiency of FPSC, presenting a promising option for solar energy applications and opening a new research avenue for INFs in the production of domestic hot water.

Abstract The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be explained by epigenetic alterations that disrupt transcriptional programs mediating environmental and genetic risk. This study evaluated the epigenetic contribution to SLE heterogeneity considering molecular and serological subtypes, genetics and transcriptional status, followed by drug target discovery. We performed a stratified epigenome-wide association studies of whole blood DNA methylation from 213 SLE patients and 221 controls. Methylation quantitative trait loci analyses, cytokine and transcription factor activity - epigenetic associations and methylation-expression correlations were conducted. New drug targets were searched for based on differentially methylated genes. In a stratified approach, a total of 974 differential methylation CpG sites with dependency on molecular subtypes and autoantibody profiles were found. Mediation analyses suggested that SLE-associated SNPs in the HLA region exert their risk through DNA methylation changes. Novel genetic variants regulating DNAm in disease or in specific molecular contexts were identified. The epigenetic landscapes showed strong association with transcription factor activity and cytokine levels, conditioned by the molecular context. Epigenetic signals were enriched in known and novel drug targets for SLE. This study reveals possible genetic drivers and consequences of epigenetic variability on SLE heterogeneity and disentangles the DNAm mediation role on SLE genetic risk and novel disease-specific meQTLs. Finally, novel targets for drug development were discovered.

Abstract Background Cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of dental caries. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the following three objectives: 1)To deepen and discuss through a comprehensive analysis of the literature the effects of dental caries on the activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults, 2)To compare the levels of this cytokines in saliva of the exposure group (moderate-severe dental caries) with the control group (caries-free or mild dental caries), and 3)To determine whether the levels of these cytokines could be used as a complementary clinical diagnostic tool to assess the severity of dental caries. Methods The protocol followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF74V . A digital search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Schoolar databases from February 15th, 2012, to January 13th, 2024. The methodological validity of the selected studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to evaluate the association between dental caries/health, and the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. Results The search strategy provided a total of 126 articles, of which 15 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 1,148, of which 743 represented the case/exposure group, and 405 represented the control group. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 25 years. IL-6 was the most prevalent cytokine in the saliva of children and young adults with active dental caries. The meta-analysis revealed that there are significant differences between the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva of children with active dental caries compared to their control groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that IL-6 and TNF-α levels may have potential as complementary biomarkers for assessing dental caries severity. However, further research is needed to validate these findings in larger and more diverse populations before clinical application.

Background/Objective: The risk of children being instrumentalized in contexts of gender violence poses a social and health problem that impacts children’s future development. The main purpose of this research is to ascertain which risk indicators should be addressed by security force members when facing an emergency call regarding intimate partner violence in which children are present. This tool could be helpful for evaluating and preventing the risk of future aggression as a means to hurt mothers. Method and Results: In the course of three studies, a set of proposed risk indicators was developed. In Study 1, five interviews and two group discussions with experts working in gender violence cases (n = 18) provided us with information to develop an initial version of a measurement tool, the Index of Children’s Risk of being Instrumentalized (ICRI), for gender violence cases. In Study 2, cognitive debriefing was carried out by professionals (n = 26) to evaluate the suitability of the items. This approach allowed us to obtain valid, content-based evidence. Finally, Study 3 included a pretest study in which security force members (n = 44) evaluate the appropriateness of the ICRI and, if needed, to make any necessary adjustments of the index. The results show that the indicators obtained in this initial approximation could help security forces when reporting cases of gender violence with children at the scene. Conclusions: Further attention to evaluating the risk of children living in intimate partner violence contexts is needed.

Objective: To characterize safety incidents in paediatric emergency departments (PEDs): frequency, sources, root causes, and consequences. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in the PED of the Clinical University Hospital XX (blinded for review). Patients were recruited through opportunity sampling and the data were collected during care delivery and one week later through a telephone survey. The methodology was based on the ERIDA study on patient safety incidents related to emergency care, which in turn was based on the ENEAS and EVADUR studies. Results: The study included a total of 204 cases. At least one incident was detected in 25 cases, with two incidents detected in 3 cases, for a total incidence of 12.3%. Twelve incidents were detected during care delivery and the rest during the telephone call. Ten percent did not reach the patient, 7.1% reached the patient but caused no harm, and 82.1% reached the patient and caused harm. Thirteen incidents (46.4%) did not have an impact on care delivery, 8 (28.6%) required a new visit or referral, 6 (21.4%) required additional observation and 1 (3.6%) medical or surgical treatment. The most frequent root causes were health care delivery and medication. Incidents related to procedures and medication were most frequent. Of all incidents, 78.6% were considered preventable, with 50% identified as clear failures in health care delivery. Conclusions: Safety incidents affected 12.3% of children managed in the PED of the HCUVA, of which 78.6% were preventable. Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar los incidentes de seguridad en los servicios de urgencias pediátricas (SUP): frecuencia, fuentes, factores causales y consecuencias. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en los SUP del Hospital Clínico Universitario XX (cegado para revisión). Aleatorización por oportunidad en turno de mañana, tarde y noche: Se recogieron datos durante la asistencia y una semana después por encuesta telefónica. La metodología se basó en los estudios de incidentes derivados de la atención en urgencias ERIDA, basado a su vez en los estudios ENEAS y EVADUR. Resultados: Se incluyeron 204 casos. En 25 casos se detectó al menos un incidente, 3 casos tuvieron 2, con una tasa total de 12,3%. 12 incidentes se detectaron en la asistencia, resto en la llamada. El 10% no afectaron al paciente, el 7,1% afectaron pero sin daño y 82,1% afectaron con daño. En 13 incidentes (46,4%) la atención no se vio afectada, en 8 (28,6%) precisaron nueva consulta o derivación, en 6 (21,4%) precisaron más observación y en 1 (3,6%) tratamiento médico o quirúrgico. Los factores causales más frecuentes fueron los relacionados con los cuidados y con la medicación. Los efectos derivados de los procedimiento y medicación fueron los más usuales. El 78,6% de los incidentes se consideraron evitables, identificandose el 50% como fallo claro de actuación. Conclusiones: El 12,3% de los niños atendidos en SUP del HCUVA sufrieron un incidente de seguridad, teniendo una evitabilidad del 78,6%.

Abstract Background The association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), prosocial behavior, and depression (like other negative mental health outcomes) has not been thoroughly understood. This study aimed at evaluating their simultaneous association while controlling for key confounding variables. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried-out with 2918 secondary school students from seven charter schools located in low-resourced neighborhoods in Bogota (Colombia), 54.12% were female, and mean age was 13.81 years. The self-report instrument included demographic variables, well-being, mental health, risk behaviors and symptoms of psychopathology. Assessment of ACEs was done by a series of yes/no questions, prosocial behavior was evaluated with the corresponding subscale in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Associations were tested using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Z tests and Chi-square tests, and all primary outcome analyses were adjusted for potential confounding variables through multivariate logistic regression using depression as outcome. Results Mean exposure to ACEs was 3.15 events; those exposed to four or more obtained lower scores in well-being, satisfaction with life and family functioning, and higher scores in symptoms of psychopathology. For the prosocial behavior scores, 64.35% were classified as close to the average, 17.51% as slightly lowered, 11.91% as low, and 6.23% as very low; participants with higher levels of prosocial behavior showed lower scores in symptoms of psychopathology. While ACEs had a positive association with depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.94), prosocial behavior did not have a significant association with either ACEs or depressive symptoms in multivariate regression models. Conclusions Novel studies should further elucidate the developmental pathways involving positive and negative mental health constructs to better understand the actual effectiveness of interventions that use these constructs in their design.

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with triple negative BC (TNBC) accounting for 20% of cases. While early detection and targeted therapies have improved overall life expectancy, TNBC remains resistant to current treatments. Although parity reduces the lifetime risk of developing BC, pregnancy increases the risk of developing TNBC for years after childbirth. Although numerous gene mutations have been associated with BC, no single gene alteration has been identified as a universal driver. RRAS2 is a RAS-related GTPase rarely found mutated in cancer. Methods Conditional knock-in mice were generated to overexpress wild type human RRAS2 in mammary epithelial cells. A human sample cohort was analyzed by RT-qPCR to measure RRAS2 transcriptional expression and to determine the frequency of both a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs8570) in the 3’UTR region of RRAS2 and of genomic DNA amplification in tumoral and non-tumoral human BC samples. Results Here we show that overexpression of wild-type RRAS2 in mice is sufficient to develop TNBC in 100% of females in a pregnancy-dependent manner. In human BC, wild-type RRAS2 is overexpressed in 68% of tumors across grade, location, and molecular type, surpassing the prevalence of any previously implicated alteration. Still, RRAS2 overexpression is notably higher and more frequent in TNBC and young parous patients. The increased prevalence of the alternate C allele at the SNP position in tumor samples, along with frequent RRAS2 gene amplification in both tumors and blood of BC patients, suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between RRAS2 overexpression and breast cancer. Conclusions Higher than normal expression of RRAS2 not bearing activating mutations is a key driver in the majority of breast cancers, especially those of the triple-negative type and those linked to pregnancy.

Abstract Clam shrimps are a group of freshwater crustaceans who prospered during the Late Triassic. They were abundant in lacustrine sedimentary records of continental basins distributed throughout Pangea during this time. However, they show significant taxonomic differences between the clamp shrimp faunas from the rift basins of central Pangea and the southern Gondwanan basins. In this contribution, we show new fossil clam shrimp assemblages from the lacustrine sedimentary successions of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (the Bocas and Montebel formations), providing information on the Late Triassic species that inhabited the northwestern Gondwana basins. This study demonstrates that the basins of northwestern Gondwana shared Norian clamp shrimp species with rift basins of central Pangea and differed in their faunas with the basins of the southern portion of Gondwana. In addition, the Late Triassic clam shrimps paleobiogeographic distribution reflects the dispersal of this fauna throughout fluvial-lacustrine environments established in the rift valleys along the central Pangea. Therefore, the rift valleys produced during the early fragmentation of central Pangea could have acted as corridors for dispersion. Simultaneously, rift valleys also provided paleobiogeographic barriers that isolated the central Pangea clam shrimp faunas from southern Gondwana.

Abstract Background Breast Cancer (BC) is associated with substantial costs of healthcare; however, real-world data regarding these costs in Colombia is scarce. The contributory regime provides healthcare services to formal workers and their dependents and covers almost half of the population in Colombia. This study aims to describe the net costs of healthcare in women with BC covered by the contributory regime in Colombia in 2019 from the perspective of the Colombian Health System. Methods The main data source was the Capitation Sufficiency Database, an administrative database that contains patient-level data on consumption of services included in the National Formulary (PBS, in Spanish Plan de Beneficios en Salud). Data on consumption of services not included in the PBS (non-PBS) were calculated using aggregated data from MIPRES database. All direct costs incurred by prevalent cases of BC, from January 1 to December 31, 2019, were included in the analysis. The net costs of the disease were estimated by multiplying the marginal cost and the expected number of cases with BC by region and age group. Marginal costs were defined as the costs of services delivered to patients with BC after subtracting the expected costs of health services due to age, comorbidity burden or region of residence. To calculate these costs, we used Propensity Score Matching in the main analysis. All costs were expressed in 2019 international dollars. Productivity losses, transportation expenses, and caregiving costs were not included. Results A total of 46,148 patients with BC were identified. Total net costs were $387 million (95% CI $377 to $396 million), 60% associated with non-PBS services. Marginal costs were $8,366 (95% Confidence Interval $8,170 to $8,573), with substantial variations between regions age groups (from $3,919 for older patients in the Amazonia region to $10,070 for younger patients in the Pacific region). The costs for PBS services were higher for ambulatory services and for patients who died during 2020. Conclusions BC imposes a substantial economic burden for the Colombian Health System with important variations in net costs between regions and age groups. Patients near death and ambulatory services were associated with higher costs of healthcare.

Abstract Background While the Iberian Peninsula has been relatively well-studied from a myrmecological standpoint, the true presence of certain ant species has remained obscure for decades. In this context, the case of A. gemella (Roger, 1862) stands out as one of the most intriguing examples. Initially described from the Balearic Islands, this conspicuous species seemingly vanished from the archipelago by the 1980s, confining its current distribution to the Maghreb region. However, lingering doubt has persisted regarding its potential presence in Iberia, based on some old bibliographic records from Spain and Portugal. Results This study confirms the first known established population of A. gemella in the Iberian Peninsula (Tarifa, Southern Iberia). Two colonies were detected in an urban grass patch within the city center. The validity of other Iberian records regarding the species and its status as an exotic species are also discussed. Conclusions The presence of A. gemella in Southern Iberia highlights the need for targeted sampling efforts to delineate its actual range and distinguish it from morphologically similar species in the region.

La esgrima en silla de ruedas es un deporte caracterizado por esfuerzos de carácter intermitente donde el ritmo de las acciones es máximo. Existe carencia bibliográfica sobre la evolución de la fatiga en este deporte, en contraste con la información referente a la modalidad olímpica. El objetivo de este estudio fue calcular los valores cardiocirculatorios, metabólicos y perceptivos en una competición internacional de esgrima en silla de ruedas para aumentar los recursos en la programación específica del entrenamiento en este deporte. Compitieron 16 tiradores de categoría A (7) y categoría B (9), a los que se monitorizó la frecuencia cardiaca, el lactato en sangre y la percepción de esfuerzo en cada fase de la competición. Tanto la frecuencia cardiaca (p = .014) como el lactato en sangre (p = .037) y la percepción de esfuerzo (p = .04) aumentaron más en la fase de eliminación directa que en la poule, y se estabilizó en el tramo final de competición. En conclusión, todos los parámetros analizados tienden a incrementarse tras la fase de poule y llegan a sus valores máximos en las eliminaciones directas. A pesar de que los valores metabólicos superaron levemente el umbral aeróbico, es necesario crear una estrategia de entrenamiento para demorar la fatiga y evitar así errores coordinativos, lo cual es tan importante en esta modalidad paralímpica que necesita alta precisión a velocidad máxima.

El objetivo fue determinar la presencia de genes de resistencia a carbapenémicos y resistencia plasmídica a colistina (mcr-1) en bacterias aisladas de Musca domestica en un basural cercano a un hospital de Lima, Perú. Las bacterias con resistencia fenotípica a los carbapénemicos se aislaron en medio CHROMagar mSuperCARBATM y el perfil de resistencia a colistina se realizó mediante el método de elución de discos de colistina. La detección de genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaVIM y mcr-1 se realizó mediante PCR convencional. El perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinó mediante el sistema automatizado MicroScan. Las bacterias con resistencia fenotípica a carbapenémicos fueron 31/38 cepas y a colistina fueron 26/38 cepas con una concentración inhibitoria mínima ≥ 4 μg/ml. Finalmente, se identificaron siete cepas bacterianas con genes de resistencia a carbapenémicos (OXA-48 Y KPC) y una cepa bacteriana con resistencia plasmídica a colistina (mcr-1). Una cepa de Escherichia coli presentó tres genes de resistencia: KPC, OXA-48 y mcr-1.

Introducción. Las masculinidades representan roles sociales diversos y un estereotipo masculino que limita el desarrollo de tareas domésticas, entre otras, el estar a cargo de la alimentación familiar. Objetivo. Interpretar los relatos de personas mayores sobre el rol de las masculinidades en la transmisión alimentaria familiar. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo utilizando la metodología de la Teoría Fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin. Participaron personas mayores de género masculino, a los que se les aplicó entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados a través de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, lo que permitió identificar las categorías centrales que fueron la base del levantamiento de teoría que responde al objeto de estudio. La investigación fue avalada por comité de ética científica. Resultados. Se reconoce una cesión social de hábitos, patrones y costumbres alimentarias familiares en este grupo de personas, en especial, en etapas nóveles de su trayectoria vital. Como personas mayores, las masculinidades se adaptan a los cuidados y necesidades de sus respectivos hogares, ayudando en las compras de alimentos, elaborando preparaciones culinarias o reconociendo miembros masculinos de sus familias en el traspaso intergeneracional de saberes alimentarios. Conclusión. Desde los relatos de personas mayores participantes, las masculinidades presentan una dinámica familiar que comienza a desmitificar el rol de género femenino en el traspaso cultural de la alimentación.

In this study, we identified the moisture sources for the precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) during the rapid intensification (RI) process from 1980 to 2018 by applying a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic method. We detected sixteen regions on a global scale for RI events distributed as follows: four in the North Atlantic (NATL), two in the Central and East Pacific Ocean (NEPAC), the North Indian Ocean (NIO) and South Indian Ocean (SIO), and three in the South Pacific Ocean (SPO) and the Western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). The moisture uptake (MU) mostly was from the regions where TCs underwent RI. The Western NATL, tropical NATL, Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Central America and Mexico landmass supported ∼85.4% of the precipitating moisture in the NATL, while the latter source and the eastern North Pacific Ocean provided the higher amount of moisture in NEPAC (∼84.3%). The Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Peninsula were the major moisture sources in NIO, contributing approximately 81.3%. The eastern and western parts of the Indian Ocean supplied most of the atmospheric humidity in SIO (∼83.8%). The combined contributions (∼87.9%) from the western and central SPO and the Coral Sea were notably higher in SPO. Meanwhile, TCs in the WNP basin mostly received moisture from the western North Pacific Ocean, the Philippine Sea and the China Sea, accounting for 80.1%. The remaining moisture support in each basin came from the summed contributions of the remote sources. Overall, RI TCs gained more moisture up to 2500 km from the cyclone centre than those slow intensification (SI) and the total MU was approximately three times higher during RI than SI. Finally, the patterns of the MU differences respond to the typical pathways of moisture transport in each basin.

The development of skills for oral communication in English is a necessity in today's society, given the importance that the use of this second language has acquired, both for academic training and for development in the workplace. Thus, the objective of this article is to demonstrate the impact generated on the development of oral competence at level A2 by the implementation of communicative activities in students candidates to take the international KEY test. The method included surveys to the group of participants from the High Challenge Language Institute in Riobamba, Ecuador. The results show that, regarding the oral competence and performance of former candidates who have taken the KEY international exam, the majority of students had difficulties with some sub-skills during this test and in their performance in classes; It was observed that carrying out these types of activities helps to improve the students' oral expression skills, even more so if they are carried out in an enjoyable and motivating way. It is concluded that the lack of significant practice during the development of the A2 level preparation course at High Challenge Language Institute affects the oral competence of the students.

ABSTRACT: Background: The European Economic Area (EEA) is composed of member states with a multitude of different regions. This study aimed to analyse the ratios of general dentists and dental specialists to the total population and the proportion of dental specialists to general dentists in 24 European countries and to explore specific intranational differences within 2 countries: France and Germany. Methods: Available official documents and webpages from the United Kingdom and 23 of the 30 countries comprising the EEA were analysed. Data were expressed as absolute values, ratios of general dentists and dental specialists in the total of population, and percentages of dental specialists/dentists. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to clarify the main ratios that distinguish France from Germany, and cluster analysis was employed to determine similar areas. Results: Significant differences were found between countries, with Ireland and Austria having the lowest ratio of dentists and Romania and Greece having the highest. The Czech Republic, the Netherlands, France, and Denmark had the lowest ratios of dental specialists to the total population. Lithuania, Sweden, and Germany had the highest number of dental specialists. Orthodontists were the most numerous specialists (5.0% of dentists), followed by oral surgeons (2.7%). In France, differences between departments were pronounced and associated with the presence of dental schools and per capita income. In Germany, only the correlation between per capita income and the density of oral surgeons was significant. Conclusions: Diverse ratios of general dentists and dental specialists to the total population and the proportion of dental specialists to general dentists were discovered within the examined countries, and their maximum values were 2.5, 5.7, and 4.1 times the minimum values, respectively. Differences were even found within the same country, as was the case in France and, to a lesser extent, in Germany.

BackgroundWe aimed to identify factors associated with a significant reduction in SLE disease activity over 12 months assessed by the BILAG Index.MethodsIn an international SLE cohort, we studied patients from their 'inception enrolment' visit. We also defined an 'active disease' cohort of patients who had active disease similar to that needed for enrolment into clinical trials. Outcomes at 12 months were; Major Clinical Response (MCR: reduction to classic BILAG C in all domains, steroid dose of ≤7.5 mg and SLEDAI ≤ 4) and 'Improvement' (reduction to ≤1B score in previously active organs; no new BILAG A/B; stable or reduced steroid dose; no increase in SLEDAI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and cross-validation in randomly split samples were used to build prediction models.Results'Inception enrolment' (n = 1492) and 'active disease' (n = 924) patients were studied. Models for MCR performed well (ROC AUC = .777 and .732 in the inception enrolment and active disease cohorts, respectively). Models for Improvement performed poorly (ROC AUC = .574 in the active disease cohort). MCR in both cohorts was associated with anti-malarial use and inversely associated with active disease at baseline (BILAG or SLEDAI) scores, BILAG haematological A/B scores, higher steroid dose and immunosuppressive use.ConclusionBaseline predictors of response in SLE can help identify patients in clinic who are less likely to respond to standard therapy. They are also important as stratification factors when designing clinical trials in order to better standardize overall usual care response rates.

OBJECTIVES: A novel longitudinal clustering technique was applied to comprehensive autoantibody data from a large, well-characterised, multinational inception systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort to determine profiles predictive of clinical outcomes. METHODS: Demographic, clinical and serological data from 805 patients with SLE obtained within 15 months of diagnosis and at 3-year and 5-year follow-up were included. For each visit, sera were assessed for 29 antinuclear antibodies (ANA) immunofluorescence patterns and 20 autoantibodies. K-means clustering on principal component analysis-transformed longitudinal autoantibody profiles identified discrete phenotypic clusters. One-way analysis of variance compared cluster enrolment demographics and clinical outcomes at 10-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model estimated the HR for survival adjusting for age of disease onset. RESULTS: Cluster 1 (n=137, high frequency of anti-Smith, anti-U1RNP, AC-5 (large nuclear speckled pattern) and high ANA titres) had the highest cumulative disease activity and immunosuppressants/biologics use at year 10. Cluster 2 (n=376, low anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and ANA titres) had the lowest disease activity, frequency of lupus nephritis and immunosuppressants/biologics use. Cluster 3 (n=80, highest frequency of all five antiphospholipid antibodies) had the highest frequency of seizures and hypocomplementaemia. Cluster 4 (n=212) also had high disease activity and was characterised by multiple autoantibody reactivity including to antihistone, anti-dsDNA, antiribosomal P, anti-Sjögren syndrome antigen A or Ro60, anti-Sjögren syndrome antigen B or La, anti-Ro52/Tripartite Motif Protein 21, antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen and anticentromere B). Clusters 1 (adjusted HR 2.60 (95% CI 1.12 to 6.05), p=0.03) and 3 (adjusted HR 2.87 (95% CI 1.22 to 6.74), p=0.02) had lower survival compared with cluster 2. CONCLUSION: Four discrete SLE patient longitudinal autoantibody clusters were predictive of long-term disease activity, organ involvement, treatment requirements and mortality risk.

The use of educational digital games as supplemental tools to course instruction materials has increased over the last several decades and especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Though these types of instructional games have been employed in the majority of STEM disciplines, less is known about how diverse populations of students interpret and define the value of these games towards achieving academic and professional pursuits. A mixed-method sequential exploratory research design method that was framed on the Technology Acceptance Model, Game-Based Learning Theory and Expectancy Value Theory was used to examine how 201 students perceived the "usefulness" of an intuitive education game that was designed to teach engineering mechanics used in designing civil structures. We found that students had different expectations of educational digital games than games designed for entertainment used outside of classroom environments. Several students thought that the ability to design their own structures and observe structure failure in real-time was a valuable asset in understanding how truss structures responded to physical loading conditions. However, few students thought the educational game would be useful for exam (14/26) or job interview (19/26) preparation. Students associated more value with engineering games that illustrate course content and mathematical calculations used in STEM courses than those that do not include these elements.

Longstanding theory predicts that strategic flexibility in when and how to use social information can help individuals make adaptive decisions, especially when environments are temporally or spatially variable. A short-term increase in reliance on social information under these conditions has been experimentally shown in primates, including humans, but whether this occurs in other taxa is unknown. We asked whether migration between spatially variable environments affected social information use with a large-scale cultural diffusion experiment with wild great tits (Parus major) in captivity, a small passerine bird that can socially learn novel behaviors. We simulated an immigration event where knowledgeable birds were exchanged between groups with opposing preferences for a socially learned foraging puzzle, living in similar or different environments. We found evidence that both immigrants and residents were influenced by social information and attended to the rewards that others received. Our analysis supported the use of a payoff-biased social learning by immigrants when both resources and habitat features were spatially variable. In contrast, immigrants relied more-so on individual learning when payoffs or the environment were unchanged. In summary, our results suggest that great tits assess the payoffs others receive and are more influenced by socially observed differences in payoffs when environmental cues differ in their new environment. Our results provide experimental support for the hypothesis that spatial variability is a strong driver for the evolution of social learning strategies.

El trabajo ofrece reflexiones de la capacitación el maestro sobre la higiene escolar y su incidencia en el proceso docente educativo como excelente indicador de la calidad de la educación a partir de una fundamentación científica avalada por investigaciones que en este campo se han ejecutado. Las concepciones actuales sobre esta importante dimensión en la dirección educacional a la luz de las nuevas transformaciones que tienen lugar en la educación cubana. Se precisan los principios higiénicos de una organización escolar que preserve la salud, eleve la capacidad de trabajo y estimule conductas y hábitos para la formación integral de los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, concibiendo como elemento fundamental al proceso docente educativo y su carácter sistémico; como necesidad social.

Abstract We report the presence of Ceratopteris thalictroides based on a recent collection from northeastern Peru. This aquatic fern is widely distributed in the tropics, however, its presence in Peru remained uncertain and without a voucher until now. This finding increases to four the number of species of the subfamily Parkerioideae, Pteridaceae within Peru.

La comprensión de las particularidades de cada etapa evolutiva de los niños de infancia preescolar permite trazar un plan de acciones dirigidas a la prevención de manifestaciones no habituales del comportamiento desde las primeras edades y aunque resulta complejo estudiar su naturaleza, estas necesidades deben ser resueltas por los agentes y agencias educativas que influyen en el menor. Este artículo se concreta en la socialización de talleres para las familias dirigidos a su preparación en la prevención de las manifestaciones de hiperactividad en los niños de infancia preescolar. Sustentada en los requerimientos metodológicos para el diseño de talleres educativos, así como en el empleo de diferentes métodos teóricos y empíricos. Los resultados se revelan en la efectividad de los talleres desarrollados, que posibilitó transformar la labor educativa de la familia con relación a la hiperactividad y el comportamiento del niño.

La presencia de Arsénico en agua de consumo humano se ha vuelto un problema se salud pública a nivel mundial. En México, se ha reportado la exposición a este contaminante en diferentes estados de la república, y se ha asociado con diversas afectaciones a la salud. Utilizando la base de datos científica PubMed, se introdujeron las palabras clave Arsénico, Agua y México a fin de recopilar los estudios existentes sobre las concentraciones de Arsénico en agua en diferentes sitios de la república, así como de los efectos en la salud de poblaciones mexicanas expuestas. Después del análisis se encontró asociación con enfermedades metabólicas y cardiopulmonares, así como la presencia de indicios de daño renal y al ADN. Todo esto muestra la necesidad de contar con estrategias de remoción y, sobre todo, políticas públicas más estrictas y aplicables que puedan ayudar a mejorar la salud pública en nuestro país.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function that affects the elderly and impairs their quality of life. Objective: To establish the association between sarcopenia, health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities in older adults. Methods: Adopting a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and observational cross-sectional design, the research involved 65 participants aged over 60 (71.83±7.31). To assess health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities, questionnaires addressed alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, and history of peripheral vascular disease, acute myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and pain. Sarcopenia was evaluated using criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Chi-Square test was used to associate the presence of sarcopenia with health habits, lifestyles, and comorbidities. Results: Revealed a significant association between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p= 0.002), physical activity level (p= 0.004), and sedentary behavior (p= 0.001). Conversely, no significant associations were found between sarcopenia and acute myocardial infarction (p= 0.356), peripheral vascular disease (p= 0.098), high blood pressure (p= 0.724), hypercholesterolemia (p= 0.653), smoking habit (p= 0.267), alcohol consumption (p= 0.674), upper limb pain (p= 0.343), lower limb pain (p= 0.260), or spine pain (p= 0.418). Conclusions: That there is a significant association between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus type 2, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior in older people.

Resumo As experiências adversas na infância (do inglês adverse childhood experiences – ACEs) implicam prejuízos no desenvolvimento psicossocial, afetando a aquisição de competências socioemocionais. Este estudo verificou a associação entre ACEs e competências socioemocionais (indicadas pelos níveis nas habilidades de empatia e autocontrole), considerando o gênero como variável moderadora. Foram coletados dados com 1.302 adolescentes, estudantes de escolas públicas em territórios socialmente vulneráveis. Verificou-se maior prevalência de ACEs para o gênero feminino. Os níveis de empatia e autocontrole oscilaram de formas distintas entre os gêneros, conforme o histórico de determinados tipos de ACEs. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de mais investigações acerca da influência dos estereótipos de gênero no desenvolvimento psicossocial de adolescentes.