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Presents the 2019 subject/author index for this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinide metallasilsesquioxanes and their distinctive bonding properties have received an increased attention due to their potential value in advanced nuclear science and biomedicine. Herein, we have proposed a new class of endohedral An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 and exohedral An(IV)&(RSiO1.5)8 (An = U, Np, Pu; R = H, Cl, OH) metallasilsesquioxanes combing an actinide atom with cubic siloxanes (T8 cage) and used density functional theory calculations to investigate the electronic structures of actinide metallasilsesquioxanes. The larger binding energies and the higher minimum vibration frequency indicate An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 and An(IV)&(HSiO1.5)8 clusters are considerable stability. The strong interactions of An–O bonds are checked by the large Fuzzy bond orders and the obvious charge transferring from O of T8 cage to An. Furthermore, the quantum theory of atom in molecules and electron localization function are implemented to analyze the chemical bonding characterizations, which implies electrostatic and covalent interaction play comparable important roles in the An–O bonds. The covalent interaction is more obvious in An(IV)&(HSiO1.5)8 clusters than that in An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 clusters. Our results show that the energy of An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 clusters are lower than that of An(IV)&(HSiO1.5)8 clusters. We theoretically simulated infrared and ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) spectra feature for An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 clusters. These spectral characteristics can be used to identify the cluster of An(IV)@(HSiO1.5)8 in the future experimental investigations. Besides, our calculation reveals that (OHSiO1.5)8 has better adsorption capacity than (HSiO1.5)8 and (ClSiO1.5)8 for actinides cations. Thus, this work not only describes a new method for encapsulating radioactive actinides, but also provides a new material for removing actinides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1940s, the search for elements beyond uranium led to the discoveries of the neutron-induced fission of uranium and of eleven trans-uranium radioelements, belonging to the actinide series. The best-known of the actinide elements is plutonium. Plutonium suffers neutron fission, as uranium, and, since 1940, humanity lives in the nuclear age, the age of the release of the fantastic nuclear energy. These discoveries resulted from continuous research efforts on natural radioelements, initiated in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie, and on artificial radionuclides, initiated in 1934 by Frédéric and Irène Joliot. Today, 118 elements are arranged into the modern versions of the periodic table. All the elements up to curium play a part in human activities. This paper describes how the progression of knowledge, thanks in particular to the heavy experimental means deployed in the USA before and during World War II, led to the completion and extension of the periodic table of elements. It focuses on the period 1937 to 1960 marked by the discoveries of manmade Tc (technetium), Pm (promethium), At (astatine), and of actinides from neptunium (Z = 93) to lawrencium (Z = 103). The discovery of Fr (francium) was the last discovery made in the line of the fruitful research on natural radioelements conducted in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of technical reviewers for the journal Nuclear Science & Engineering. The identities of the reviewers are traditionally kept anonymous, but their contributions are essential for validating and disseminating scientific information. The list includes a diverse range of reviewers from various backgrounds and perspectives, highlighting the dedication and expertise of the individuals involved in the peer review process. [Extracted from the article]

The 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators (AccApp'21) was held in 2021 as an embedded topical meeting during the ANS Winter Meeting in Washington, D.C. The conference aimed to promote accelerator-based research and development and covered various research topics, including accelerator facilities, nuclear data, medical applications, and industrial applications. A total of 120 abstracts were submitted, and 105 presentations were given. The conference faced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic but was successful with the support of participants and sponsors. The conference proceedings were published in Nuclear Science and Engineering (NSE). [Extracted from the article]

Accurate cross sections of neutron induced fission reactions are needed in the development of nuclear science and technology. The time projection chamber (TPC) is viewed as the potential detector to improve the measurement accuracy of the fission cross sections based on its track reconstruction and particle identification capabilities. The TPC developed by the back-streaming white neutron source (Back-n) team of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) was introduced to verify its ability in measuring the cross section of fission reaction. Using our TPC, and based on the mono-energetic neutron source at Peking University and 232Th/238U samples, we have measured the cross section of the 232Th(n , f) reaction at 5.0 MeV. The fission events have been well distinguished from the background alpha events. The present cross section is consistent with the evaluation data from different libraries, which indicates that the fission cross section measurement using our TPC is feasible. By reducing the distance between the two fission samples, the large uncertainty of the present result will be reduced in future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle morphology is an emerging signature that has the potential to identify the processing history of unknown nuclear materials. Using readily available scanning electron microscopes (SEM), the morphology of nearly any solid material can be measured within hours. Coupled with robust image analysis and classification methods, the morphological features can be quantified and support identification of the processing history of unknown nuclear materials. The viability of this signature depends on developing databases of morphological features, coupled with a rapid data analysis and accurate classification process. With developed reference methods, datasets, and throughputs, morphological analysis can be applied within days to (i) interdicted bulk nuclear materials (gram to kilogram quantities), and (ii) trace amounts of nuclear materials detected on swipes or environmental samples. This review aims to develop validated and verified analytical strategies for morphological analysis relevant to nuclear forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SAMOSAFER project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 program, is focused on advancing molten salt reactor (MSR) technology. As part of the project, a Young MSR (YMSR) conference was held in Italy in June 2022, where doctoral students, postdocs, and early-career researchers presented and discussed their research on various MSR-related topics. Keynote speakers and oral presentations covered technical areas such as neutronics, thermal hydraulics, chemistry and materials, and safety studies. The conference aimed to provide a platform for knowledge exchange and collaboration among researchers in the field. A special issue of papers from the conference will be published in Nuclear Science and Engineering (NSE) to enhance the visibility of the event. [Extracted from the article]

Individual monitoring service at the Department for Radiation and Environmental Protection of Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences performs individual whole-body and extremities monitoring of exposed workers, using thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) method. The dosemeters for eye-lens personal dose equivalent measurements, H p (3), are not regularly used at the workplaces in Serbia, even though the individual monitoring method is accredited and available at the dosimetry service. Type testing of H p (3) dosemeters based on LiF: Mg,Ti, placed in modified ring holders was done following the changes in ISO 4037:2019 and IEC 62387:2020. The type testing was done by varying radiation-based influence quantities: photon energies ranging from 33.3 keV up to 1.25 MeV, angle of incidence values of 0°, 45°, 60°, 75°, dose range from 0.05 mSv to 10 Sv. The results show that the passive dosimetry monitoring system satisfies IEC 62387:2020 requirements in the mandatory range of influence quantities, except for the lowest tested energy of 33 keV, when incident radiation angle is ±60° and higher. • Recent changes in ISO 4037 and IEC 62387 prompted new type testing of TLD system. • Introduction of 20 mSv annual limit brought focus to the eye lens dose monitoring. • TLD system that measures H p (3) due to photon radiation was tested. • Values of CoV limit the use of the system in the dose range from 0.3 mSv to 1 Sv. • System showed unsatisfactory overresponse for more than 60° incident angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H 2 produced in water from the 10B(n,α)7Li fission reaction has been measured up to 300 °C. Thermal energy neutrons from the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center's 2 MW reactor interact with boric acid-containing water in temperature-controlled high-pressure cells made from tubing of either titanium or zirconium alloy. After exposure for a minimum of 1 h, the solution sample is extracted and sparged with argon. The H 2 entrained by the sparging gas is sampled with a small mass spectrometer. A small amount of sodium is included in the boric acid solution so that after sparging, samples can be collected for 24Na activation measurements in a gamma spectrometer to determine the neutron exposure and thus the total energy deposited in solution. The G-value (μmol/J) for H 2 production is obtained for water at a pressure of 25 MPa, over a temperature range from 20 °C to 300 °C. The weak temperature dependence of this yield between 150 °C and 200 °C demonstrates that the bimolecular reaction of pairs of e a q − is a very minor source of H 2 in high LET tracks. • Concentrated boric acid buffer is used in PWRs as a10B neutron "shim". • The 10B(n,α)7Li reaction deposits up to 30% of the radiation absorbed by the coolant. • No radiolysis product measurements have been made up to reactor temperatures. • This work measures H 2 product of the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction vs. temperature up to 300 °C. • Existing models overestimate the bimolecular reaction of (e−) aq as a source of H 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about the passing of LENR researcher Irving Dardik and his contributions to medical therapy and the LENR field through his SuperWaves™ theory. Topics include Dardik's background as a vascular surgeon and his recognition in the scientific community, as well as his collaboration with Sidney Kimmel and Martin Fleischmann in cold fusion research and Parkinson's management.

The article focuses on historiography of science and technology in the Soviet Union and researchers focused on scientific institutions, nuclear science, the destruction of genetics by Trofim Lysenko. It mentions problem of the relationship between science and politics and work of historians of science and technology evolved thanks to their newfound access to archives. It also mentions social sciences seem less interested in the concept of assemblage.

This essay considers the development of the nuclear science programme in Malaysia from a transnational perspective by examining the interactions between state agents and other external nuclear-knowledge/technology related actors and agents. Going beyond the model of knowledge diffusion that brings together concerns articulated in Harris's (2011) geographies of long distance knowledge and Reinhardt's (2011) role of the expert in knowledge transfer, the proposed three-phase model of knowledge transfer theorises the pathways undertaken by a late-blooming participant of modern science and technology as the latter moves from epistemic dependency to increasing independence despite the hurdles encountered, and the underdevelopment of many areas of its technoscientific economy. The model considers tensions stemming from the pressures of expediency for meeting national developmental goals on the one side, and the call to support the objectives of basic science on the other. The three phases of the model are epistemic transition, epistemic transplantation and localisation, and epistemic generation (ETTLG). As additional support for the proposed model, three arguments are proffered as deeper explanations of the epistemic goal by using Malaysia as a case study: knowledge transfer for political legitimization, knowledge transfer for countering agnotology, and knowledge transfer for social engineering and science diplomacy. • Epistemic transition, transplantation, localisation, and generation as a technoscientific knowledge transfer model. • A three-tier model of the philosophy of the history of Malaysia's nuclear science and technology programme. • Political legitimation, anti-agnotology, science diplomacy, and social engineering. • Malaysia as late-bloomer participant in the culture of modern science and technology. • Contextualising the Malaysian history of nuclear science and technology from a global-local (glocal) continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 12С(15N, 14С)13N reaction at the energy Еlab(15N) = 81 MeV for ground and excited states of 14С and 13N nuclei was investigated. New experimental data of the reaction cross-sections were obtained. The data were analyzed within the coupled reaction channels method (CRC). The 15N + 12С elastic scattering as well as the more important reactions of nucleon and cluster transfers were included in the channels-coupling scheme. In the CRC-calculations, the Woods -Saxon potentials (WS) were used for the interactions of 15N + 12С and 14С + 13N nuclei in the entrance and exit reaction channels. WS potential parameters for the reaction entrance channel were deduced previously from CRC-analysis of the 15N + 12С elastic and inelastic scattering data, then the WS potential parameters for the reaction exit channel were deduced from the fitting of 12С(15N, 14С)13N reaction data. The spectroscopic amplitudes of nucleons and clusters, used in the CRC-calculations, were computed within translational invariant shell model. As the results of the reaction CRC-analysis, the information about WS potential of 14С + 13N nuclei interaction as well as about mechanisms of nucleons and clusters transfer was deduced. It was found, that transfers of protons and 2n-clusters dominate in this reaction. It was also studied the differences of the reaction CRC cross-sections calculated using the 14С + 13N і 14С + 14N potentials in the reaction exit channel (isotopic effects). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a correlative Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD)/Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD)/Atom Probe Tomography (APT) methodology was used to investigate the solute segregation behavior in a low-alloyed weld. Three dimensional chemical information was correlated to the crystallographic features of Grain Boundaries (GBs). The steel has a complex microstructure of acicular ferrite and intergranular carbides. About 78% High Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGBs, with about 12% Σ3 HAGBs) and about 22% Low Angle Grain Boundaries (LAGBs) were observed. APT analyses revealed the segregation of one element or several chemical species (C, P, Mn, Si, Ni, Cr and Mo) at GBs or carbide-ferrite interfaces. Taking into account the nature of segregants and the five-parameter GB crystallography, both interstitial and substitutional segregation behaviors were discussed. The results reveal a significant influence of misorientation angle (or deviation angle) on interstitial segregation for LAGBs (or Σ3 special HAGBs) and also a strong influence of the GB plane on substitutional segregation for Σ3 special HAGBs and general HAGBs. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Language and End Time' is a translation of Sections I, IV and V of 'Sprache und Endzeit', a substantial essay by Günther Anders that was published in eight instalments in the Austrian journal FORVM from 1989 to 1991 (the full essay consists of 38 sections). The original essay was planned for inclusion in the third (unrealised) volume of The Obsolescence of Human Beings. 'Language and End Time' builds on the diagnosis of 'our blindness toward the apocalypse' that was advanced in the first volume of The Obsolescence in 1956. The essay asks if there is a language that is capable of making us fully comprehend the looming 'man-made apocalypse'. In response to this, it offers a critique of philosophical jargon and of the putatively 'objective' language of (nuclear) science, which are both dismissed as unsuitable. Sections I, IV and V introduce this core problematic. The selection of this text for inclusion in this special journal issue responds to present-day realities that inscribe Anders's reflections on nuclear science and the nuclear situation into new contexts. The critique that 'Language and End Time' advances resonates with the way in which the (undemocratic) decisions of a few companies and individuals are shaping the future of life on earth. At the same time, the wider stakes of Anders's turn against the language employed by (weapons) scientists are newly laid bare by the realities and politics of climate change and fake news. In this new context, the language of science is all too readily dismissed as if it were a mere idiom that can be ignored without consequence. It is against the backdrop of a future that is, if anything, more uncertain than at the time of Anders's writing, that the essay's reflections on popularisation, the limits of language and the nature of truth gain added significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main contributions in the applications of nuclear sciences and technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasic diseases, obtained by medical physicists from various Havana institutions are summarized. Additionally, the main activities to guarantee the training and accreditation of medical physicists for radiodiagnosis, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and radiation protection services in Havana hospital network is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Thorium is not only a promising candidate for developing next generation nuclear fuel but also a potential radioactive contaminant. Efficient detection of thorium contamination is critically important in both nuclear science and environmental protection. We present here a 3D luminescent europium organic framework [Eu2(FDC)3(DMA)2]·4H2O (compound 1), which exhibits excellent hydrolytic stability and features highly selective detection capacity (KSV = 6.68 × 104) towards radioactive Th4+ ions among the selected monovalent, divalent and tervalent metal ions in aqueous solution. The detection limit of the material towards Th4+ is 3.49 × 10−5 mol L−1 which is close to the WHO standard. The detection capability and the sensing mechanism were demonstrated by Th4+ uptake kinetics, energy-dispersive spectroscopy mapping, absorption spectroscopy, luminescence lifetime, and competitive adsorption measurements. Compound 1 represents a rare case of a MOF based Th4+ probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the Material Management and Minimization Conversion Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, the Argonne National Laboratory approved the manufacturing of a Jamaica's SLOWPOKE-2 nuclear reactor (JM-1) mock-up, reactor removal tools, and commissioning rods by Polytechnique Montreal. This mock-up reactor was then used to practice dry runs of the JM-1 high enriched uranium core removal activities and fresh low enriched uranium core loading operations of the JM-1 reactor conversion. One of the most crucial elements in the commissioning of a new reactor core is the commissioning rod assembly. Hence, this paper presents the design, the fabrication, the calibration, and the dry runs performed at Polytechnique Montreal with commissioning rod assembly. The work was then resumed at Jamaica's International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In case of 4-Rod-type RFQ's the quadrupole electrodes are excited by a series of coupled RF oscillators. As the contact planes between both electrode pairs differ, there remains an oscillating electric potential along the beam axis. This results in remarkably high longitudinal field components between the electrode ends and the RFQ tank end walls. In contrast, the electrodes of a 4-Vane RFQ are equally charged to ± | V 0 ∕ 2 | and only feature a quadrupole on-axis field. The entrance gap fields were investigated to serve as a longitudinal prebuncher instead of causing additional longitudinal emittance growth. The effects of the entrance gap field have been validated in beam dynamics simulations. The exit fields have to be taken into consideration for a calculation of the exact RFQ output energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in mass of a nucleon, arising from its interactions with other nucleons inside the target, results in velocity-dependent terms in the Schrödinger equation that describes nucleon scattering. It has recently been suggested in a number of publications that introducing and fitting velocity-dependent terms improves the quality of the description of nucleon scattering data for various nuclei. The present paper discusses velocity-dependent optical potentials in the context of a three-body problem used to account for deuteron breakup in the entrance channel of (d, p) reactions. Such potentials form a particular class of nonlocal optical potentials which are a popular object of modern studies. It is shown here that because of a particular structure of the velocity-dependent terms the three-body problem can be formulated in two different ways. Solving this problem within an adiabatic approximation results in a significant difference between the two approaches caused by contributions from the high n–p momenta in deuterons in one of them. Solving the three-body problem beyond the adiabatic approximation may remove such contributions, which is indirectly confirmed by replacing the adiabatic approximation by the folding Watanabe model where such contributions are suppressed. Discussion of numerical results is carried out for the reaction where experimental data both on elastic scattering in entrance and exit channels and on nucleon transfer are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to analyse the Master of Philosophy and the Doctor of Philosophy theses publications by postgraduate students at the School of Nuclear and Allied Science (SNAS), University of Ghana from (2008 - 2016) using the INIS database as the source of data. The study used the bibliometric method. The purposive sampling technique was used to retrieve four hundred and fourteen (414) theses records from a population of five hundred and thirty eight (538) theses records published in Ghana. The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) database and the search query language (country:Ghana AND recordtype:Thesis/Dissertation) were the main instruments used in retrieving the data before extracting them onto Microsoft excel spreadsheet for analysis. The major findings of the study revealed that the yearly publication trend of graduate student theses at SNAS showed a constant rise and fall in the number of theses published over the period. There was also a big gender gap with male students dominating their female counterparts with (300 or 79.71%) counts. The most frequently used keyword assigned by the indexer (subject specialist) was radiation protection with (189) counts. It is recommended that SNAS should gain autonomy from the University of Ghana, the parent University as it will enable it to run its academic programs by itself, take decisions that will benefit its smooth running and management in the long run and also help to accelerate the plans already in place for a nuclear power plant to be added to the energy mix for Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Apatite fission track (AFT) analyses for granitoid and metamorphic bedrock samples from the Western Superior Province (Ontario), the Churchill-Rae Province (Melville Peninsula and Southampton Island, Nunavut), and the Slave craton region (Northwest Territories) show a broad range of single grain effective uranium concentrations (eU) (<1 to ∼300 ppm) and some of the oldest reported AFT ages in North America. Although most of our samples are characterized by near-endmember fluorapatite composition with implied low track retentivity (<0.1 apfu Cl, r mr0 ∼0.85–0.82), single-grain AFT ages are statistically overdispersed and ages decrease with increasing eU content. This eU-age relationship is resonant of the Hendriks and Redfield (2005) argument for α-radiation enhanced fission track annealing (REA) and is analogous to the negative age-eU correlations observed in published zircon and titanite (U-Th)/He data from slowly-cooled cratonic rocks. In all cases, the samples fail the canonical χ2 test (<5%), generally considered to indicate that the ages are unlikely to be drawn from a single Poissonian distribution with a discrete mean value and may represent multiple populations. The high intra-sample age variability for low-Cl bedrock apatites with protracted histories (>200–500 m.y.) at <100 °C since the Precambrian suggests strong REA control on AFT ages. Conversely, some low Cl AFT samples with a narrower eU range show less age dispersion and a weak apparent age-eU correlation. A complex trade-off between radiation damage, chemical composition (e.g. low Cl and REE enrichment), and thermal history is implied when eU and r mr0 are positively correlated. Previous assessments of the influence of REA on AFT age were based on evaluating central age and mean track length, which potentially mask high single-grain age scatter and REA effects due to the modal nature of central age determination. REA is also supported by and compatible with materials science and nuclear waste studies of radiation damage in different apatite groups, therefore it is crucial that bedrock samples exhibiting high age scatter are evaluated in terms of intra-sample compositional heterogeneity. Samples with relatively low Cl concentrations are especially prone to greater REA effects on AFT grain ages and this underscores the need for routine acquisition of compositional data for AFT datasets. Our broad range in single-grain AFT ages (with no other clear, strong compositional controls) supports the notion that radiation damage affects both the AFT and (U-Th)/He thermochronometers in slowly-cooled settings and must be accounted for during thermal history modeling and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach for uncertainty propagation of neutron-induced activation cross-section measurement using unscented transformation (UT). Generally, the first-order sensitivity analysis (sandwich formula) method is used for uncertainty propagation in cross-section measurement. It is based on a linear approximation of Taylor series expansion of the function of input parameters and gives satisfactory results for smooth nonlinear functions having relatively small uncertainties. On the contrary, the UT technique is completely defined by the moments of random process and hence produces better results for error propagation in the nonlinear case with large uncertainties. The UT method is easier to implement and gives results as accurate as the sandwich formula and Monte Carlo techniques. This work examines the application of the UT method in nuclear science as an alternate to the sandwich formula and Monte Carlo methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here an initial isolation study based upon the use of small uranium oxide particles dispersed in a soluble salt matrix to evaluate the relative recovery of fission products into acidic media. We further show that the macrostructures of the uranium microparticles are largely preserved, such that the bulk target material could be retained for additional irradiations or characterizations. Through this approach, fission products can be separated from the actinide-based target using low molarities of acid without the need to dissolve the actinide itself, reducing the amount of acidic waste. Extraction yields using two molarities of HCl and HNO3 are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ANSTO is recognized internationally for its capabilities in nuclear forensic science, with nearly two decades of operational and research experience. As such, ANSTO is frequently requested to provide training to nations in the South-East Asia region who are seeking to develop and advance nuclear forensic capabilities. This paper will provide three examples of nuclear forensic training provided by ANSTO in South-East Asia. These case studies are utilized to explore the benefits and limitations of various modalities of nuclear forensic training. Some of the unique challenges of providing training in CBRN (chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear) science are elucidated. Best practices for the implementation of nuclear forensic training are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of nuclear and other radioactive material is expanding globally. An increasing number of countries are signalling their intention to employ nuclear power to meet the energy needs of rapidly growing populations, while socioeconomic development is leading to an increased application of medical and industrial radioisotopes. It is critical that rigorous nuclear security systems are established and maintained to accommodate the increased storage, movement and use of such materials. One aspect of nuclear security is nuclear forensics, which is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as 'the scientific analysis of nuclear or other radioactive material, or of other evidence that is contaminated with radionuclides, in the context of international or national law'. In Australia, forensic examination of nuclear or other radioactive material is undertaken by ANSTO, whilst the current capability for the forensic examination of evidence contaminated with radionuclides is jointly held by ANSTO and the Australian Federal Police (AFP). This article describes some of the recent activities undertaken by ANSTO and the AFP to maintain and further develop Australia's nuclear forensic science capability and outline future plans to enhance Australia's capability to provide nuclear forensic support to nuclear security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the politics of nuclear display at the New York Hall of Science in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Hall of Science, which had its beginnings in the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair, featured hands‐on atomic exhibits for children and was planning a monumental Nuclear Science Center with the full support of the Atomic Energy Commission. The Nuclear Science Center would have been the biggest permanent display on nuclear science and technology in the United States and the Atomarium its most spectacular exhibit. At the Atomarium, visitors would have watched a working nuclear reactor go critical from a spiral‐shaped theater‐in‐the‐round while listening to a demonstrator standing on a transparent plexiglass window located right above the reactor core lecturing on peaceful uses of atomic energy. This article analyzes the Hall of Science as a space in which contemporary tensions between nuclear exceptionalism and nuclear banalization were played out. In particular, the article explores how playful and immersive regimes of display played a political role in modulating nuclear fear at a time when, while promoting a private nuclear energy industry, the Atomic Energy Commission encountered growing resistance to nuclear power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Angular-Dependent Potential (ADP) proposed by Tseplyaev et al. was used to study the structural behavior of uranium nitride (UN) under shock pressure by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the calculations of shock velocity U S and particle velocity U P , the results show that a pressure-induced phase transition of Fm − 3 m → R − 3 m structure in UN occurs at 35 GPa, and it agrees well with experimental results of 30–32 GPa. We also considered the effect of nanovoid on the phase transition of UN crystal from F m − 3 m to R − 3 m structure. It is found that the pressure of phase transition decreases with the increasing nanovoid diameter. The phase transition takes place firstly around nanovoid, companied by the nanovoid collapsing, and then spreads to the void-free regions in the process of shock loading. Due to different stresses at different direction the spreading velocity of phase transition perpendicular to the direction of shock wave is observed to be far faster than the one parallel to the direction of shock wave. Highlights • It is found that the pressure of phase transition decreases with the increasing nanovoid diameter. • The phase transition takes place firstly around nanovoid and then spreads to the void-free regions during shock loading. • The spreading velocity of phase transition perpendicular to the direction of shock wave is observed to be far faster than the parallel one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is one of the most important natural resources. Measurement of natural radioactivity in soil is very important to determine the amount of change of the natural background activity with time as a result of any radioactivity release. Coal mine and thermal power plant in Gacko field is a very important industrial facility. The content of radionuclides of the soil was examined at Gacko area, slag, ash and mullock dumps in thethermal power plant Gacko and soils of dumps in the process of re-cultivation. The gamma - spectrometric measurements were done in the Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča" in Belgrade. Soil samples were collected in 2010/2014 at more locations in eastern part of Republic of Srpska. After removing the stones and vegetation, all soil samples for Gama spectrometric measurements dried up to 1050C, sieved, placed in the plastic 500 mL Marinelli beakers and left for four weeks to reach radioactive equilibrium. Given that there are no specific regulations in the Republic of Srpska, the concentration of natural and produced radionuclides in samples from the working and living environment of thermal power plants, comparison with literature data from the region and the world is one way of evaluating the impact of the plant's operation on the soils. The results point to the necessity of regular monitoring of radioactivity in eastern Herzegovina in order to assess the impact of the technologically increased natural radioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The TENDL library is now established as one of the major nuclear data libraries in the world, striving for completeness and quality of nuclear data files for all isotopes, evaluation methods, processing and applied performance. To reach this status, some basic principles have been applied which sets it apart from other libraries: reproducible dedicated evaluations when differential data are available, through determination of nuclear models implemented in TALYS and their parameters, completeness (with or without experimental data), format and processing standardization, automation of production and reproducibility. In this paper, we will outline how such an approach has become a reality, and recall some of the past successes since the first TENDL release in 2008. Next, we will demonstrate the performance of the latest TENDL releases for different application fields, as well as new approaches for uncertainty quantification based on Bayesian inference methods and possible differential and integral adjustments. Also, current limitations of the library performances due to modelling and needs for new and more precise experimental data will be outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a modified quasi-reversibility method for computing the exponentially unstable solution of a nonlocal terminal-boundary value parabolic problem with noisy data. Based on data measurements, we perturb the problem by the so-called filter regularized operator to design an approximate problem. Different from recently developed approaches that consist in the conventional spectral methods, we analyze this new approximation in a variational framework, where the finite element method can be applied. To see the whole skeleton of this method, our main results lie in the analysis of a semilinear case and we discuss some generalizations where this analysis can be adapted. As is omnipresent in many physical processes, there are likely myriad models derived from this simpler case, such as source localization problems for brain tumors and heat conduction problems with nonlinear sinks in nuclear science. With respect to each noise level, we benefit from the Faedo--Galerkin method to study the weak solvability of the approximate problem. Relying on the energy-like analysis, we provide detailed convergence rates in L2-H1 of the proposed method when the true solution is sufficiently smooth. Depending on the dimensions of the domain, we obtain an error estimate in Lr for some r > 2. Proof of the backward uniqueness for the quasi-linear system is also depicted in this work. To prove the regularity assumptions acceptable, several physical applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argument: This article describes the efforts of one fifty-year-old nuclear physics research center to stay relevant as the boundaries of nuclear physics have expanded and distributed collaborations have become increasingly common. In adapting to these shifts, SENSE, a university-based institute in the United States, has seen notable changes in power relations, forms of legitimation, and social structures. This article recognizes and investigates these changes through an interpretative investigation of four common media objects incorporated into research practice at the institute: collaboration wikis, telephones, computer simulations, and government reports. In doing so, this article adopts an approach from media studies through which hard-to-see changes in social and cultural life can be investigated by observing media objects in research practice. Ultimately, this article tells the story of a research organization and an entire discipline working to adapt to a rapidly changing scientific landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]