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Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) fall frequently. Community-delivered exercise and education reduce falls in older adults, but their efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the Free From Falls (FFF) group education and exercise program on falls in PwMS. Methods: This was a prospective, assessor-blinded, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Ninety-six participants were randomized to FFF (eight weekly 2 hour sessions) or the control condition (a fall prevention brochure and informing their neurologist of their fall history). Participants counted falls prospectively from enrollment through 6 months following intervention. Effects on fall frequency were evaluated by the Bayesian analysis. Results: The modeled mean fall frequency pre-intervention was 1.2 falls/month in the FFF group (95% credible intervals (CIs) = 0.8–2.0) and 1.4 falls/month in the control group (95% CI = 0.9–2.1). Fall frequency decreased by 0.6 falls/month in both groups over time (nadir 4–6 months post-intervention: FFF 0.6 falls/month (95% CI = 0.4–0.9); control 0.8 falls/month (95% CI = 0.5–1.1)). Conclusion: In-person group exercise and education are not superior to written education and neurologist-initiated interventions for preventing falls in PwMS.

Актуальність. На сьогодні основними напрямками профілактики та терапії саркопенії є корекція харчування, фізичні навантаження, терапія вітаміном D. Мета дослідження: оцінити роль вітаміну D та лікувальної фізкультури в корекції змін скелетної м’язової тканини в жінок у постменопаузальному періоді. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 38 жінок від 53 до 82 років, які були розподілені на три групи: 1-ша група — контрольна (n = 10), 2-га — жінки (n = 11), які отримували вітамін D, 3-тя — жінки (n = 17), які отримували вітамін D та виконували комплекс фізичних вправ «Отаго» протягом 12 місяців. Візити до центру з метою оцінки їх стану проводилися кожні 3 місяці. Визначення рівня 25(OH)D здійснювали за допомогою імунохемілюмінесцентного методу ECLIA на аналізаторі Elecsys 2010 (Roche Diagnostics, Німеччина). Показники знежиреної маси оцінювали за допомогою двофотонної рентгенівської абсорбціометрії (Prodigy, GEHC Lunar, Madison, WI, США). Для оцінки сили та функції скелетної мускулатури використовували кистьову динамометрію та функціональні тести. При аналізі застосовували пакети програм Statistiсa 6.0 Copyright© StatSoft, Inc. 1984–2001, Serial number 31415926535897. Результати. У жінок контрольної групи встановлено вірогідне збільшення рівня 25(OH)D через 9 місяців (9 місяців — р = 0,03), що пояснюємо сезонними коливаннями. У жінок 2-ї та 3-ї груп рівень 25(OH)Dвірогідно збільшивсячерез 3, 6, 9 та 12 місяців спостереження (р < 0,05). При оцінці апендикулярної знежиреної маси протягом 12 місяців спостереження вірогідних відмінностей не виявлено. Сила м’язів вірогідно збільшувалась у 3-ї групі обстежених жінок через 9 місяців спостереження (р = 0,01), у жінок 1-ї та 2-ї груп — вірогідно не змінювалась. У жінок 3-ї групи було встановлено вірогідне покращання статичного балансування (р = 0,01). Частота падінь у жінок контрольної групи вірогідно зросла через 12 місяців, 2-ї групи — не змінювалась, 3-ї групи — вірогідно зменшилась. Висновки. При використанні комплексної терапії вітаміном D та лікувальною фізкультурою «Отаго» у жінок у постменопаузальному періоді протягом 12 місяців спостерігалось вірогідне покращання щоденної активності, статичного балансування, сили скелетних м’язів та зменшення частоти падінь.

Although it is known that physical function differs depending on the state of cognitive function, there are no studies that consider changes in cognitive functions when evaluating physical functions of participants before and after an exercise program. In this study, it was observed changes in cognitive function and physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program for 6 months, and examined changes in physical functions that took into account changes in cognitive functions. Forty-nine participants, whose cognitive and physical functions were both measured before and after the exercise program, were included in the analysis. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used to assess participants' cognitive function and to determine whether they had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To assess physical functions, a battery of physical tests was completed. Participants were classified into four groups (before/after; non-MCI/non-MCI, MCI/MCI, non-MCI/MCI, and MCI/non-MCI) according to the changes in cognitive functions after six months. There was no significant difference in the physical functions of the four groups before the start of the program. When changes in physical functions were examined in each group, some changes in physical functions were observed in the groups other than the non-MCI/MCI group. However, there was no significant difference in the physical functions between the four groups after the program. It was suggested that changes in physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program over a 6-month period were not different due to changes in cognitive functions.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Aim of Study: This study aimed to conduct the effect of selected exercise programe on quality of life in stroke patients. Material and Methods: Ten male patients with stroke enrolled in this study. A selected physical therapy program was provided for the selected group (GS) including: Passive Range of motion exercises for tightening muscles, Facilitation for weak muscles through: PNF technique, quick stretching. The Outcome Measures: The Arabic version of a short form dimension test (SF-36) used to assess the QOL Items of the SF-36 were divided into eight different domains. The control group was evaluated before and after intervention with a QOL questionnaire (SF36). Results: There was a revealed significant increase in physical functioning, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain and general health post treatment compared with that pretreatment. Also, there was no significant difference in role limitations due to physical health and role limitations due to emotional problem between pre and post treatment in the selected group. Conclusion: Selected physical program, significantly improves quality of life in patients with stroke.

Background: Range of motion exercise is a key component of burn therapy across all phases of care. Aim: Assess the effect of range of motion exercise program on joints function of burned lower limbs. Research design:A quasi experimental (pre / post test) research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in burn unit at Alshamla Hospital, Al Mabara Hospital and Al Eman Hospital. Sample: Thirty adult patients (male and female) admitted to burn units. Tools: Patient’s assessment sheet, joints function assessment (pre, post). Results; There was a statistical significance difference as regard patient range of motion on lower limb joints pre-post program implementation (p < 0.005). Conclusion: lower limb joints function was improved among patients who received range of motion exercise program. Recommendation: Simple instructions hand book illustrating necessary information and range of motion exercise program should be available for lower limb burned patients and nurses working in burn unit.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of its high prevalence and association with negative health-related outcomes, frailty is considered one of the most important issues associated with human aging and its mitigation is among the essential public health goals for the 21st century. However, very few studies have focused on institutionalized older adults, despite the knowledge that frailty can be reversible when identified and treated from its earliest stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a supervised group-based multicomponent exercise program intervention with or without oral nutritional supplementation on functional performance in frail institutionalized older adults. METHODS This was a multicenter randomized controlled trial study with a 6-month intervention period. A total of 111 frail institutionalized older adults (75 years or older) who met at least 3 of the 5 Fried frailty criteria were randomly allocated to the control group (CG; n = 34, mean age = 87.3 ± 5.3 years), a supervised group-based multicomponent Otago Exercise Program group (OEP; n = 39, mean age = 86 ± 5.9 years), or a supervised group-based multicomponent exercise program intervention with oral nutritional supplementation (OEP+N; n = 38, mean age = 84.9 ± 6 years). Measurements included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery, repeated chair stand test (STS-5), handgrip strength (HGS), 10-m walking test, and 6-minute walking test, both at baseline and after the 6-month intervention period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The between-group analysis by 2-way analysis of covariance showed significant improvement in the TUG [{OEP vs CG: -8.2 seconds, 95% CI [-13.3 to -2.9]; P < .001}; {OEP vs OEP+N: -7.3 seconds, 95% CI [-12.4 to -2.2]; P = .002}], BBS [{OEP vs CG; 8.2 points, 95% CI [5.2 to 11.2]; P < .001}; [{OEP+N vs CG: 4.6 points, 95% CI [1.6 to 7.6]; P < .001}; {OEP vs OEP+N: 3.5 points, 95% CI [0.6 to 6.5]; P = .011}], and HGS [{OEP vs CG: 3.4 kg, 95% CI [1.5 to 5.3]; P < .001}; {OEP+N vs CG: 3.6 kg, 95% CI [1.7 to 5.5]; P < .001}]. Additionally, the within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in the TUG (-6.9 seconds, 95% CI [-9.8 to -4.0]; P < .001) and BBS (4.3 points, 95% CI [2.6 to 5.9]; P < .001) in the OEP group. A significant decrease in the BBS and HGS was shown in the CG. CONCLUSIONS A 6-month supervised group-based multicomponent exercise intervention improved the levels of mobility, functional balance, and HGS in frail institutionalized older adults. Further research will be required to evaluate the nutritional supplementation effects on functional performance to better determine its clinical applicability for tackling frailty.

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal exercise program incorporating plyometric and balance training on muscle strength and postural stability in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (SHCP). METHODS A total of 57 children with SHCP were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into three treatment-based groups: plyometric exercises (PLYO group; n = 19), balance exercises (BAL group, n = 19), and combined plyometric and balance exercises (PLYO-BAL group; n = 19). The maximum isometric muscle strength (IMSmax) and postural stability [anterior-posterior stability index (AP-SI), mediolateral stability index (ML-SI), and overall stability index (O-SI)] were measured pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS By applying the intention-to-treat analysis, the PLYO-BAL group showed greater post-treatment IMSmax than the PLYO and BAL groups for the quadriceps (p=.03 and p=.0002 respectively), hamstrings (p=.018 and p

This study determined the effectiveness of a 3-month group-based multicomponent exercise program in the mobility, balance confidence, and muscle performance of older adults. A total of 40 participants (mean age=70.60±6.25 years completed pre- and posttest clinical intervention measures of mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, balance confidence using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, upper limb strength (handgrip dynamometer), and lower limb function (30-sec chair rise test). Data were analyzed using paired t-test and based on TUG criteria for risk of fall (low- and high-risk groups). Significant improvements were found in all measures (All P0.05). The low-risk group showed a higher improvement in mobility (14.87% vs. 11.74%), balance confidence (34.21% vs. 26.08%), and lower limb function (96.87% vs. 21.20%) but was not significantly different from the high-risk group (P>0.05). A group-based multicomponent exercise program benefited the physical functions of older adults at low- or high risk of falls.

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the effects of exercise programs for injured footballers on pain, muscle strength, range of motion, functional performance ability, and balance through a meta-analysis. To examine the effects of exercise programs on injury recovery and improvement in football players, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on twenty-four papers published in Korea and other countries from the 2000s to the present, were conducted. The results of the meta-analysis are as follows. Overall, exercise was effective for football players with experience in getting injured. According to the results, while muscle strength, range of movement and functional performance would show statistically significant improvement, pain and balance would not. The findings on the individual sub-factors are as follows. First, according to the findings of the meta-analysis, the hypothesis that exercise programs applied to football players would influence pain could not be accepted, which means that exercise is not effective in relieving pain. Second, according to a meta-analysis, the hypothesis that exercise programs applied to football players would influence muscle strength was upheld, which means that exercise is effective in improving muscle strength. Third, according to the meta-analysis, the hypothesis that exercise programs applied to football players would influence the range of motion was upheld, which means that exercise is effective in improving the range of motion. Fourth, according to a meta-analysis, the hypothesis that exercise programs applied to football players would affect functional performance was upheld, which means that exercise programs are effective in improving performance ability. Fifth, according to the meta-analysis, the hypothesis that exercise programs applied to football players would influence balance ability was not significant, which means that exercise is not effective for improving balance.

Background: Nowadays physical activity (PA)/exercise is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the barriers to PA and the barrier management and to explore the effect of supervision on the barriers and barrier management during an exercise program. Methods: In total, 88 people with CF (pwCF) of the ages 6 to 50 years old (mean 24.2 ± 7.9 yrs) participated in the partially supervised 12-month exercise program and filled in a structured and validated questionnaire about barriers to sports and barrier management at baseline. Additionally, 23 pwCF filled in the questionnaire after 6 months and 12 months. The items were clustered into physical and psychosocial barriers and into preventive counter strategies and situational counter strategies and analyzed at baseline and over time. Results: Physical barriers were more relevant than psychosocial barriers and no trend could be seen in the situational and preventive counter strategies. When divided in subgroups, the less active pwCF (7500 steps/day), physical barriers, and psychosocial barriers showed no significant differences. However physical barriers showed a tendency to have a higher value in the less active group compared to the more active group (p > 0.05). Stratified by age or FEV1%pred between the subgroups, no differences could be seen regarding barriers and counter strategies. Conclusions: Physical barriers seemed to have a higher priority when it comes to not participating in PA/exercise. Supervision over 6 months during an exercise program did not show a beneficial effect on barriers and barrier management. Besides the motivational aspect of sport counselling, the volitional aspect seemed to be more important to incorporate more PA into daily life. Individual barriers and their concrete counter strategies should be discussed with the patient with CF. Sport counselling is needed permanently and should be part of the CF routine care.

The primary aim of this review is to identify a shortlist of smartphone applications suitable for prescribing task-specific mobility exercises in an adult neurological population. Identification of suitable apps can then enable testing for their acceptability and safety, and evaluation of their effectiveness in improving mobility in people with neurological conditions.

Introdução: Dados atuais de abrangência nacional dão conta que 60% dos brasileiros estão acima do peso. Assim, programa de tratamento do sobrepeso e da obesidade passam a ser uma necessidade atual dentro do escopo da saúde pública. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico sobre parâmetros antropométricos e variáveis bioquímicas em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Materiais e métodos: O estudo caracterizou-se como um ensaio clínico pragmático realizado com 18 participantes adolescentes, entre 12 a 17 anos de ambos os sexos, que ingressaram em um projeto de extensão de uma universidade particular na cidade de Toledo-PR. Os parâmetros antropométricos pré e pós-teste mensurados foram: Massa Corporal; Estrutura; para o cálculo do IMC; Circunferências (Abdominal e Cintura e quadril), e cálculo das relações (Relação cintura e quadril e Relação cintura estatura), e os exames bioquímicos foram realizados em um laboratório de análises clínicas de 8 a 12 horas (Glicemia; Colesterol; e Triglicerídeos). As intervenções ocorreram em três dias, com duração de uma hora, durante 24 semanas, divididas em dois dias de treinamento combinado. A análise dos dados utilizou recursos da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: O programa de exercícios apresentou redução significativa nos parâmetros antropométricos de cintura do sexo masculino, na circunferência abdominal e no RCQ em ambos os sexos, na flexibilidade do sexo masculino e nos níveis de colesterol do sexo feminino. Conclusão: Ressaltou-se importância do exercício físico, promovendo efeitos benéficos para os adolescentes. No entanto, se o programa tivesse uma equipe interdisciplinar/multiprofissional os resultados seriam mais efetivos. Introduction: Current national data shows that 60% of Brazilians are overweight. Thus, a program to treat overweight and obesity becomes a current need within the scope of public health. Objective: To verify the effects of a physical exercise program on anthropometric parameters and biochemical variables in overweight and obese adolescents Materials and methods: The study was characterized as a pragmatic clinical trial conducted with 18 adolescent participants, between 12 and 17 years old of both sexes, who joined an extension project for a private university in the city of Toledo-PR. The pre and post-test anthropometric parameters measured were: Body Mass; Structure; for calculating BMI; Circumferences (Abdominal and Waist and hip), and calculation of the relationships (Waist and hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio), and biochemical tests were performed in a clinical analysis laboratory from 8 to 12 hours (Glucose; Cholesterol; and Triglycerides). The interventions took place over three days, lasting one hour, for 24 weeks, divided into two days of combined training. Data analysis used resources from descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The exercise program showed a significant reduction in the anthropometric parameters of male waist, waist circumference and WHR in both sexes, in male flexibility and in female cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The importance of physical exercise was emphasized, promoting beneficial effects for adolescents. However, if the program had an interdisciplinary / multiprofessional team, the results would be more effective. Introducción: Los datos actuales a nivel nacional muestran que el 60% de los brasileños tienen sobrepeso. Así, los programas de tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad se convierten en una necesidad actual en el ámbito de la salud pública. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre parámetros antropométricos y variables bioquímicas en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se caracterizó como un ensayo clínico pragmático realizado con 18 participantes adolescentes, entre 12 y 17 años, de ambos sexos, que integraron un proyecto de extensión de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Toledo-PR. Los parámetros antropométricos pre y post test medidos fueron: Masa Corporal; Estructura; para calcular el IMC; Se realizaron circunferencias (Abdominal y Cintura y Cadera), y cálculo de proporciones (Relación Cintura y Cadera y Relación Cintura-Estatura), y pruebas bioquímicas en laboratorio de análisis clínicos de 8 a 12 horas (Glicemia, Colesterol y Triglicéridos). Las intervenciones se realizaron durante tres días, con una duración de una hora, durante 24 semanas, divididas en dos días de entrenamiento combinado. El análisis de datos utilizó recursos de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: El programa de ejercicios mostró una reducción significativa en los parámetros antropométricos del sexo masculino, en la circunferencia abdominal y en la RCC en ambos sexos, en la flexibilidad en el sexo masculino y en los niveles de colesterol en el sexo femenino. Conclusión: Se destacó la importancia del ejercicio físico, promoviendo efectos beneficiosos para los adolescentes. Sin embargo, si el programa tuviera un equipo interdisciplinario/multiprofesional, los resultados serían más efectivos. Introduzione: i dati attuali a livello nazionale mostrano che il 60% dei brasiliani è in sovrappeso. Pertanto, i programmi di trattamento del sovrappeso e dell'obesità diventano un'esigenza attuale nell'ambito della sanità pubblica. Obiettivo: verificare gli effetti di un programma di esercizio fisico su parametri antropometrici e variabili biochimiche in adolescenti sovrappeso e obesi. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio è stato caratterizzato come uno studio clinico pragmatico condotto con 18 partecipanti adolescenti, tra i 12 ei 17 anni di entrambi i sessi, che hanno aderito a un progetto di estensione di un'università privata nella città di Toledo-PR. I parametri antropometrici pre e post test misurati sono stati: Massa corporea; Struttura; per il calcolo del BMI; Le circonferenze (Addominale e Vita e Fianchi), il calcolo dei rapporti (Rapporto Vita e Fianchi e Rapporto Vita/Altezza) e i test biochimici sono stati eseguiti in un laboratorio di analisi cliniche da 8 a 12 ore (Glicemia; Colesterolo; e Trigliceridi). Gli interventi si sono svolti nell'arco di tre giornate, della durata di un'ora, per 24 settimane, suddivise in due giornate di formazione combinata. L'analisi dei dati ha utilizzato risorse da statistiche descrittive e inferenziali. Risultati: Il programma di esercizi ha mostrato una significativa riduzione dei parametri antropometrici del sesso maschile, della circonferenza addominale e del WHR in entrambi i sessi, della flessibilità nel sesso maschile e dei livelli di colesterolo nel sesso femminile. Conclusione: è stata evidenziata l'importanza dell'esercizio fisico, che promuove effetti benefici per gli adolescenti. Tuttavia, se il programma avesse un team interdisciplinare/multiprofessionale, i risultati sarebbero più efficaci. Introdução: Dados atuais de abrangência nacional dão conta que 60% dos brasileiros estão acima do peso. Assim, programa de tratamento do sobrepeso e da obesidade passam a ser uma necessidade atual dentro do escopo da saúde pública. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico sobre parâmetros antropométricos e variáveis bioquímicas em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Materiais e métodos: O estudo caracterizou-se como um ensaio clínico pragmático realizado com 18 participantes adolescentes, entre 12 a 17 anos de ambos os sexos, que ingressaram em um projeto de extensão de uma universidade particular na cidade de Toledo-PR. Os parâmetros antropométricos pré e pós-teste mensurados foram: Massa Corporal; Estrutura; para o cálculo do IMC; Circunferências (Abdominal e Cintura e quadril), e cálculo das relações (Relação cintura e quadril e Relação cintura estatura), e os exames bioquímicos foram realizados em um laboratório de análises clínicas de 8 a 12 horas (Glicemia; Colesterol; e Triglicerídeos). As intervenções ocorreram em três dias, com duração de uma hora, durante 24 semanas, divididas em dois dias de treinamento combinado. A análise dos dados utilizou recursos da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: O programa de exercícios apresentou redução significativa nos parâmetros antropométricos de cintura do sexo masculino, na circunferência abdominal e no RCQ em ambos os sexos, na flexibilidade do sexo masculino e nos níveis de colesterol do sexo feminino. Conclusão: Ressaltou-se importância do exercício físico, promovendo efeitos benéficos para os adolescentes. No entanto, se o programa tivesse uma equipe interdisciplinar/multiprofissional os resultados seriam mais efetivos.

Background Functional decline is expected over time in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Intense exercise (RPE ≥ 5-7/10), incorporating motor learning principles, may be beneficial. Purpose:The purpose of this case report is to describe the feasibility and longitudinal effects after individuals with PD participated in multiple, 3.5-day, intensive exercise programs called Movement Camp (Camp). Methods Developed based on the principles of skill, capacity, and motivation, the Camp was offered four times (spring 2014-spring 2017) over the course of three years. Camp consisted of 3.5 days, with approximately 5.5 hours of exercise per day. The four participants on whom we are reporting were selected because they participated in three or more Camps, thus providing longitudinal data. Participants rotated through high-intensity, one-hour exercise stations targeting balance, endurance, gait, upper extremity function and three 30-minute group training sessions. Balance (Mini-BESTest), endurance (six-minute walk test), gait speed, and function (five times sit-to-stand) were examined. Results Testing was completed prior to, post, and six weeks post intervention. Over three years, participants maintained or improved performance on most measures. Conclusion The outcomes of this case report suggest that brief, intensive exercise based on motor learning principles is feasible and may maintain or improve function in persons with PD over three years.

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy has been on the rise globally, leading to increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A diagnosis of GDM often leads to pregnancy and infant-related complications. Regular exercise may have the potential to prevent GDM. However, evidence surrounding the utility of exercise during pregnancy as an effective risk reduction intervention has been mixed. This clinical inquiry examined the role of regular exercise during pregnancy in preventing GDM in both obese and normal-weight women and analyzed specific aspects of exercise that make it an effective preventive measure. The review of evidence included 3 meta-analyses, 3 systematic reviews, and 1 umbrella review. Findings identified several components of an exercise program that can reduce GDM risk. Specifically, an exercise intervention of 40- to 60-minute sessions 3 times per week beginning as early as possible during pregnancy and continuing with good adherence over the course of pregnancy yielded clinically significant results. Adhering to a similar exercise routine before pregnancy also was shown to be protective against GDM for all women, but especially so for women who are overweight or obese.

To describe the variability during weekly performance on physical function tests during a 12-week individualized exercise program for patients with breast cancer and to test if the expected improvements in physical function surpass the minimally clinically important difference (MCID), after accounting for week-to-week variance. Twenty-five participants, 19 years and older living with breast cancer within 2 years of their initial diagnosis, were recruited. Some participants were undergoing active treatment, while others completed their treatment. The intervention was an individualized exercise session twice a week, for 1 h each session, for a total of 12 weeks. Main outcomes tested included the 6-min walk test and chair stand test. A significant average improvement was observed in the 6MWT (p

To evaluate the availability and characteristics of exercise training during hemodialysis in Brazil and to identify the reported barriers to exercise program implementation and maintenance. All dialysis units were assessed for eligibility using the database of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. Each dialysis unit was contacted by telephone and the questions were administered. In dialysis units with exercise training, questions related to personnel involved, exercise components, and program delivery were included. Additionally, the barriers to exercise program implementation and maintenance were evaluated. This study included 261 dialysis units that responded to the survey. Forty-one dialysis units reported exercise training during hemodialysis in Brazil (prevalence of 15.7%). We identified 66 physiotherapists and 10 exercise physiologists in dialysis units with exercise training. Resistance training was the most common program component (92.7%). Hypotension (90.5%) and muscle cramps (85.7%) were the most common adverse events reported. In dialysis units with exercise training, poor patients' adherence to exercise was the most commonly reported barrier. The most prevalent barrier in dialysis units that tried or never tried to implement the exercise programs was a lack of resources. The number of dialysis units that have exercise training during hemodialysis in Brazil is low, and the most common program component is resistance training. A lack of resources was the most prevalent barrier in dialysis units that tried or never tried to implement the exercise programs.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of paralysis in infancy and childhood. There is evidence that the integration of hydrotherapy in the treatment program can significantly contribute to the rehabilitation of children and young people with CP by improving their functional limitations and overall, their quality of life. The purpose of this review was to present recent research data on the contribution and efficacy of hydrotherapy in the rehabilitation of children and young adults with CP. The Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched with the following keywords: cerebral palsy, hydrotherapy, rehabilitation. This review included 11 articles. The results of our research show that hydrotherapy, both as an individual treatment and in combination with a standard land-based exercise program, can significantly contribute to the improvement of gross mobility, the improvement of exercise endurance and the improvement of the quality of life of people with CP. Ideal dosage of hydrotherapy programs, according to the research included in the review is 2-3 sessions per week for more than six weeks. However, it should be noted that the literature is still limited and further research is needed.

BACKGROUND: Overweight is defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that produces risk to health .The childhood overweight is epidemic, accelerating throughout the world and the fundamental cause of overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and expended. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study was to find the effect of high intensity exercise program on cardiovascular endurance in overweight children. METHODOLOGY: Quasi experimental study, pre and post test type, Study duration is 4weeks at Sree Sankara balavidhyalaya school pallikarani. Thirty overweight children were divided into two groups Group A=15, Group B= 15.Both Group A and Group B performed six minute walk test and distance walked in6- minute was measured and recorded Group A:high intensity exercises were taught to them along with that diet chart was given. Group B:The diet chart was given to them. After 4 weeks the post test was conducted and the data were analyzed. The outcome measure vo2 max was calculated by 6 -minute walk test. RESULTS: The post test mean value of Group A is20.3 and Group B is 17.58, statistical result shows that there was significant change in mean values between pre and post test. Thus both Group A and Group B mean values shows statistical significance p

The objectives of this study are to study and test the effect of using the effect of the single leg and double leg bounding exercise program (BEP) on the improvement of physical agility, strength, balance, and leg muscle power. The subjects of this study were 42 students of Physical Education class 2017 STKIP PGRI Jombang.This type of research is quantitative with quasi-experimental techniques. Sampling using the Solvin formula and purposive sampling technique. The process of taking data from the initial test and the final test uses the leg dynamometer test to determine leg muscle strength, side step test for agility, force plate test for leg muscle power, and balance beam test for balance.The results of the study on the normality and homogeneous tests showed normal and homogeneous data results with a significance value above 0.05. The mean difference test was carried out using the paired test and the Manova test. The method of increasing the agility, strength, balance and leg muscle power has a significant improvement with the two experimental methods.The conclusion of this study is that the bounding exercise program can significantly increase the agility, strength, balance and leg muscle power. However, from the two exercises the increase was greater in the group using the single leg bounding type of exercise.

Background Daily decisions to exercise may be influenced by day-to-day changes in affective attitudes (AA) and instrumental attitudes (IA) toward exercise. However, the within-day association between AA, IA, and exercise behavior has received little attention. Purpose To examine the effects of more temporally proximal (daily) AA and IA on daily exercise behavior beyond traditionally assessed distal (at the beginning of an exercise program) AA and IA. Methods In the context of a 3-month exercise promotion program (N = 50), distal AA and IA were assessed at baseline. Ecological momentary assessment was used to assess proximal AA, IA, and exercise each day. Results Between-subject differences in distal AA (OR = 1.28, p = .03) and distal IA (OR = 1.34, p = .01) were predictive of average likelihood of exercise each day over the 3-month period. Within-subject differences in proximal AA (OR = 1.19, p = .007), but not proximal IA (OR = 1.11, p = .18), predicted exercise each day beyond the between-subjects effects of distal AA and IA. Exploratory analysis revealed an interaction, such that the within-subjects impact of proximal AA on daily exercise was most evident among individuals who held more negative distal AA at baseline (OR = 0.80, p < .0001). Conclusions Attitude type (affective versus instrumental) and temporality (distal versus proximal) are important to consider in attempts to predict and understand exercise behavior. In addition to targeting change in distal attitudes, exercise interventions should target changes in daily AA to impact exercise later in the same day.

Background: Cigarette smoking is the major cause of premature death. It accounts for 28% of all cardio vascular diseases and 40% of respiratory diseases as it is associated with impaired pulmonary function. Exercise is an effective and low cost of treatment which can promote good health of a smoker. Research indicates that individuals who maintain an exercise program are more likely to give up smoking than those who quit exercising. Methodology: 150 subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups Group A (resistance exercises) and Group B (Walking). The exercises protocol was given for six weeks. Pre post PEFR and VO2 max was calculated. Results: both the groups showed improvement post intervention (p

Background. The main aim of this study was to estimate the effect of physical activities (PA) on cognitive functions (CF) in cognitively impaired older adults divided according to the impairment severity. Methods. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCT). We focused on the effect of exercise on CF in intervention groups and control groups separately in people with cognitive impairment across three levels - borderline intact, mild, and moderate cognitive impairment separately. Results. Data from 40 studies involving 1,780 participants from intervention groups and 1,508 participants from control groups were analyzed. 37.0% of intervention groups presented a statistically significant beneficial effect of PA on CF, while 5% presented a statistically significant harmful effect of PA on CF. 40.0% of the control groups showed a significant decrease in CF. 54.3% interventions had a statistically significant beneficial effect (Hedges’ g > 0). However, there was a great variability between the studies in terms of exercise program description and cognitive impairment of the subjects. Conclusions. Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairment. The positive effect is stronger in people with a mild level of cognitive impairment.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercicios fisicos e educacao alimentar e nutricional (EAN) nos indices glicemicos, antropometricos e composicao corporal de mulheres com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia. Metodologia: Participaram do programa 12 mulheres adultas e diabeticas, atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia de Santo Antonio de Goias - Goias. As participantes foram submetidas a um protocolo de exercicio combinado, com duracao de 12 semanas, composto por 3 sessoes de treinamento semanal de 60 minutos de duracao cada. As sessoes de treinamento tinham uma fase de aquecimento de 10 minutos constituida de caminhada ou corrida, fase de exercicios de 20 minutos de treinamento aerobio (TA) seguido por 25 minutos de treinamento contra resistido (TCR). As atividades de EAN aconteceram a cada 15 dias, durante os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2019, e foram construidas a partir do diagnostico levantado sobre o consumo alimentar das participantes. Antes e apos a intervencao foram coletados a glicemia de jejum (GJ), variaveis antropometricas, de composicao corporal e consumo alimentar. Resultados: O indice de massa corporal (p=0,018), o consumo de energia total (p=0,045) e carboidratos (p=0,012) reduziram apos a intervencao, e o ângulo de fase (p=0,046) aumentou apos a intervencao. Nao houve alteracao do percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,100). Conclusao: Os exercicios fisicos e a EAN adotados nao melhorou os indices glicemicos das participantes diabeticas atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia, porem levou a uma melhora do ângulo de fase.