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Simple Summary: Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly affecting rectal and anal development in companion animals, with its occurrence in cats being poorly documented. This study investigated Type IV Atresia Ani (which includes a recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats, focusing on surgical intervention as the primary treatment. Over 2 years, nine female cats with Type IV Atresia Ani were analyzed for age, body condition, and fistula length. Statistical analysis revealed that a body condition score of 3, an age range of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm influenced fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development during the perioperative period. Incidence of this condition was 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated. Cats with a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula size of 1 to 2 mm showed better surgical outcomes. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors' knowledge. Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly in companion animals affecting rectal and anal development. Its incidence in cats remains unreported. This retrospective study aimed to characterize age, body condition, fistula size, and perioperative outcomes in Type IV Atresia Ani (with recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment. Conducted over 2 years, the study included nine female cats diagnosed with Type IV Atresia Ani and recto-vaginal fistula undergoing surgery. Statistical analysis used the R program (version 4.2.1) with Rstudio®® extension. Significant results were observed at a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. The condition had an incidence of 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated over a 2-year period. The findings suggest that a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm correlated with better surgical outcomes, reducing the likelihood of fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development, and enhancing defecation awareness during the perioperative period. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors' knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In a groundbreaking procedure, our team successfully performed surgery on a young Ragdoll cat with a rare type of heart defect known as an infundibular muscular ventricular septal defect, which is a hole between the two lower heart chambers. This condition, if left untreated, can lead to severe heart problems. Therefore, the surgery was performed using a method called cardiopulmonary bypass, which is quite unusual in cats. This approach involved stopping the heart temporarily to repair the defect safely. Despite being a challenging situation, in which an adjacent structure was unintentionally damaged intraoperatively, resulting in a temporary complication that was treated non-surgically, the cat recovered well. By 490 days postoperatively, the cat was healthy with only a minor residual defect, showing that the heart had nearly returned to its normal size. This case highlights a promising surgical option for treating similar heart defects in cats, which can potentially improve their quality of life significantly. Therefore, with proper surgical treatment, even in cases of severe congenital heart disease in cats, owners will be able to live with their cats without the need for numerous medications. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can lead to congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, particularly in patients with large shunts. However, no surgical treatment for feline VSD has been reported. Here, we elucidated the first surgical correction of an infundibular muscular VSD in a one-year-old Ragdoll cat, atypically located and classified under the Soto classification rather than the standard Kirklin classification, through cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass—a method rarely used in feline cardiac surgery. Detailed echocardiography revealed that the defect required intervention owing to left heart and main pulmonary artery enlargement. Despite the VSD being located on the contralateral side, as anticipated in the preoperative examinations, the choice of median sternotomy allowed for the successful closure of the defect. Conversely, the insertion of two cannulas into the ascending aorta resulted in damage to the adjacent thoracic duct, causing transient chylothorax, which was resolved with conservative treatment. Cardiac arrest induced by a cardioplegic solution facilitated the surgical procedure, although it leads to anemia in cats. However, on postoperative day 490, the patient exhibited only minor residual shunting, with normalized heart size, and remained healthy. This technique appears to be a viable treatment option for congenital heart disease in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a sacrococcygeal epidural (ScE) of 0.25% bupivacaine in preventing sympathetic nervous system activation on feline ovariectomy. During the intraoperative period, traditional hemodynamic variables (heart rate, systolic and median blood pressure, and respiratory rate) and Parasympathetic Tone Activity monitoring were used to assess the activation of the sympathetic nervous system after ScE of 0.25% bupivacaine. This study indicates that implementation of ScE reduces the rise of common hemodynamic variables but does not prevent sympathetic nervous system activation during feline ovariectomy. The ovariectomy (OVE) procedure can trigger somatosensory and visceral peritoneal nociception. Sacrococcygeal epidural (ScE) anesthesia may complement or replace systemic analgesia used for feline OVE, reducing opioid consumption and their related undesirable adverse effects and consequently reducing or completely blocking the sympathetic nervous system activation during this procedure. The present study aimed to evaluate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system resulting from adding an ScE injection of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.3 mL kg−1) in feline OVE and identify whether this translates to hemodynamic variables stability. A Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) monitor was applied given that it performs analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) detecting changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, making it a good tool for detecting activation of the sympathetic nervous system during the study. Two groups of animals were evaluated in five perioperative times, namely, the control group (CG) (n = 18) with systemic analgesia alone and the sacrococcygeal epidural group (ScEG) (n = 20) with 0.25% bupivacaine combined with systemic analgesia. Thirty-eight female cats were selected. All animals assigned to CG and ScEG were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (20 μg kg−1 IM) and methadone (0.2 mg kg−1 IM). General anesthesia was induced with propofol IV ad effectum and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Heart rate, non-invasive systolic and median blood pressure, respiratory rate, and instantaneous parasympathetic tone activity were recorded. Compared to systemic analgesia alone (CG), sacrococcygeal epidural (ScEG) reduced the rise of common hemodynamic variables but did not prevent sympathetic nervous system activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated. Methods: Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture. Results: Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress. Conclusions: Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The cat represents an importantmodel in order to investigate basic physiological knowledge of salivary secretion as well as pharmacokinetics of active substances. Objective: The aim of the study was to review in which diagnostic application areas saliva testing is routinely used and in which areas it could be further explored in the future. Materials and methods: Literature relevant to the research question was collected in March 2022 using the Pubmed database. Results: The diagnosis of infectious diseases in cat saliva is one of the most important fields of application. Saliva diagnostics may also indicate dental diseases, allergies or kidney and other metabolic diseases. Sexual and stress hormones can also be measured in cat saliva. A number of clinically relevant allergens in cat saliva that may cause allergies in humans has been investigated and described, in addition to infectious agents that can be transmitted from cats to humans. Conclusions: Saliva testing in cats can be useful in many areas, including the detection of infectious diseases, allergies and dental disease. However, it is far from being used to its full potential within veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors describe a case of presumptive feline subcutaneous fat sclerosis, a condition reported only once previously (in 1987) and diagnosed with postmortem examination. We describe radiographic, computed tomography scan and histopathological findings, and partial response to oral methylprednisolone and Vitamin E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited data on whether neutering a cat affects its risk of contracting feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). A group of cats must be sampled and data collected to examine whether a correlation exists between disease prevalence and neuter status. This comparative study aimed to determine whether the neuter status of cats affected the rates of FIV positivity among the stray cat population of a north London RSPCA hospital. Data were collected from the RSPCA's 'Stray Cat Archives 2019' and stored in Microsoft Excel. The data were analysed using Minitab 15 software. Of 869 stray cats admitted into the hospital, 433 were tested for FIV and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) using the combined MEGACOR FASTest. Of the cats tested, 20% tested positive for FIV and, of these FIV-positive cats, 89% were entire males. The results indicate that entire male cats are substantially more predisposed to being infected with FIV than neutered male cats, entire female cats and neutered female cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a potentially fatal tick-borne zoonosis caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). In addition to tick bites, animal-to-human transmission of SFTSV has been reported, but little is known about feline SFTSV infection. In this study, we analyzed data on 187 cats with suspected SFTS to identify biomarkers for SFTS diagnosis and clinical outcome. Body weight, red and white blood cell and platelet counts, and serum aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were useful for SFTS diagnosis, whereas alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum SFTSV RNA levels were associated with clinical outcome. We developed a scoring model to predict SFTSV infection. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to reveal the relationship between disease severity and viral strain. This study provides comprehensive information on feline SFTS and could contribute to the protection of cat owners, community members, and veterinarians from the risk of cat-transmitted SFTSV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement adhesion plays a crucial role in driving safety, while traditional test methods exhibit some limitations. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of asphalt pavement texture characterization and adhesion assessments, this paper uses three-dimensional (3D) laser technology to detect the continuous point cloud data of road surface and reconstruct the 3D topography of pavement texture. On this basis, a volume parameter Volume of peak materials (Vmp) is innovatively proposed to comprehensively characterize the 3D spatial characteristics of road surface texture. The correlation analysis between the proposed Vmp and the traditional adhesion evaluation index Transversal Adhesion Coefficient (CAT) is conducted, and then refined graded adhesion prediction models based on the proposed Vmp are proposed. Results show that the proposed volume parameter Vmp can reliably and accurately characterize the asphalt pavement texture by considering more structural properties of the road surface texture. According to the research findings of this paper, it is feasible to achieve rapid and correct assessment of asphalt pavement adhesion using 3D laser detection technology by comprehensively considering the 3D characteristics of the road surface texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The "Five Freedoms" concept has shaped the development and implementation of animal welfare assessments. This study aimed to analyze the determinants that impact the understanding of animal welfare among individuals who own cats in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires and interviews were used in this study to gather data from cat owners. One hundred cat owners in Banyuwangi Regency took part in the study. The classification considered factors such as gender, age, education level, occupation, income, and number of cats. The questionnaire passed both validity and reliability tests and was thus deemed suitable for data measurement. The Chi-square test was employed to investigate relationships within the dataset. Results: A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was established between cat owners' level of education, occupation, monthly household income, and their grasp of animal welfare, with the number of cats in their household being a determinant factor. Some cat owners in Banyuwangi undervalue veterinarians' role in treating and preventing feline health issues. The cat owners' understanding of animal welfare was unaffected by their age or gender. 59% of the cat owners had a low understanding level, 22% had a moderate understanding level, and 19% had a high understanding level. Conclusion: In Banyuwangi Regency, 59% of cat owners lack understanding of animal welfare concerns. An owner's educational background, job, income, and whether they own a cat impact their comprehension of animal welfare principles. Limited awareness of animal welfare and veterinarians' roles exists in Indonesia. It is crucial to educate government officials, veterinarians, and regional leaders about animal welfare for the sake of sustainability. A complete understanding of this topic demands rigorous research, comprehensive studies, and reproducibility. Equally important is effective publicity for the cat population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of Sporothrix, studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti-Sporothrix immunity has been little explored in cats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophil oxidative burst in the blood of cats with sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis included in the study were treated with itraconazole (ITZ) alone or combined with potassium iodide (KI). The neutrophil oxidative burst was evaluated through a flow-cytometry-based assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 (background) and stimulation with Zymosan and heat-killed Sporothrix yeasts. The cure rate was 50.0% in cats under treatment with ITZ monotherapy and 90.9% in cats treated with ITZ + KI (p = 0.014), endorsing the combination therapy as an excellent alternative for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Higher percentages of Sporothrix-stimulated neutrophils were associated with good general condition (p = 0.003). Higher percentages of Sporothrix- (p = 0.05) and Zymosan-activated (p = 0.014) neutrophils before and early in the treatment were related to clinical cure in ITZ-treated cats. The correlation between oxidative burst and successful use of KI could not be properly assessed given the low number of failures (n = 2) in this treatment group. Nasal mucosa involvement, typically linked to treatment failure, was related to lower percentages of activated neutrophils in the background at the treatment outcome (p = 0.02). Our results suggest a beneficial role of neutrophils in feline sporotrichosis and a positive correlation between neutrophil activation and the cure process in ITZ-treated cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific data regarding outcome of cats with high‐grade and large granular lymphocyte alimentary lymphoma (HGAL and LGL, respectively) treated with multi‐agent chemotherapy are scarce. The aims of this multi‐centric, retrospective study were to describe the outcome of cats with HGAL and LGL treated with COP‐ or CHOP‐based chemotherapy and to identify potential prognostic factors. Cats with a cytological or histological diagnosis of HGAL or LGL lymphoma treated with COP‐ or CHOP‐based protocol as first‐line chemotherapy were included. Data regarding diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow‐up were collected. Fifty‐seven cats treated with CHOP (n = 37) or COP (n = 20) protocols were included. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were observed in 20%, 22%, 36% and 22% of cats, respectively, for an overall response rate of 42%. Median progression‐free interval (PFI) was 148 days and overall median survival time (OST) was 131 days. Cats achieving CR, PR or SD showed significantly longer PFI (p <.01) and OST (p <.015) compared with cats with PD. Other positive prognostic factors in multi‐variate analysis were rescue treatment (p <.001) and absence of lymph node involvement (p <.03). Negative prognostic factors were diffuse infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract (p =.035) and infiltration of a non‐haematopoietic organ (p <.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningiomas are the most common feline primary brain tumours, and calvarial hyperostosis (CH) is frequently documented in association with this neoplastic entity. The clinical significance of and mechanisms driving the formation of CH in cats with meningiomas are poorly understood, although tumour invasion into the skull and tumour production of cytokines and enzymes have been implicated as causes of CH in humans. This retrospective study investigated relationships between signalment, MRI or CT imaging features, histopathologic tumour characteristics, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme concentrations, tumour expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and progression free survival times (PFS) following surgical treatment in 27 cats with meningiomas with (n = 15) or without (n = 12) evidence of CH. No significant differences in breed, age, sex, body weight, tumour grade, tumour volume, peritumoral edema burden, ALP isoenzyme concentrations, tumour Ki‐67 labelling indices or MMP‐2 or MMP‐9 expression and activity, or PFS were noted between cats with or without CH. There was a trend towards higher serum (p =.06) and intratumoral (p =.07) concentrations of IL‐6 in cats with CH, but these comparisons were not statistically significant. Histologic evidence of tumour invasion into bone was observed in 5/12 (42%) with CH and in no (0/6) cats without CH, although this was not statistically significant (p =.07). Tumour invasion into bone and tumour production of IL‐6 may contribute to the formation of meningioma associated CH in cats, although larger studies are required to further substantiate these findings and determine their clinical relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract diseases are common in cats, and often require surgical reconstruction. Here, to explore the possibility of urinary tract reconstruction in cats using in-body tissue architecture (iBTA), biosheets fabricated using iBTA technology were implanted into the feline bladder and the regeneration process was histologically evaluated. The biosheets were prepared by embedding molds into the dorsal subcutaneous pouches of six cats for 2 months. A section of the bladder wall was removed, and the biosheets were sutured to the excision site. After 1 and 3 months of implantation, the biosheets were harvested and evaluated histologically. Implantable biosheets were formed with a success rate of 67%. There were no major complications following implantation, including tissue rejection, severe inflammation, or infection. Urinary incontinence was also not observed. Histological evaluation revealed the bladder lumen was almost entirely covered by urothelium after 1 month, with myofibroblast infiltration into the biosheets. After 3 months, the urothelium became multilayered, and mature myocytes and nerve fibers were observed at the implantation site. In conclusion, this study showed that tissue reconstruction using iBTA can be applied to cats, and that biosheets have the potential to be useful in both the structural and functional regeneration of the feline urinary tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of adding phytosterols to diets on cat safety and weight loss. Palatability test: 12 Chinese field cats were selected for the double-bowl palatability test, fed diets containing 0 and 0.15% phytosterols respectively, and the preferred diets and feed intake were determined, with a test period of 2 d. Safety test: 20 healthy adult Chinese field cats were randomly divided into 3 groups, fed diets containing 0, 0.15% and 1.50% phytosterols respectively, and fed and drank freely. The test measured feed intake, body weight change and blood index, the test cycle is 28 d. Weight loss effect test: using the safety test to determine the appropriate amount of phytosterol additive 0.15%, selected 12 overweight and obese Chinese field cats, randomly divided into 2 groups, respectively, added 0, 0.15% phytosterol in the diet, according to the body weight of the metabolic energy calculation and energy-limiting feeding. The test measured feed intake, body weight change and blood indexes, and the test period was 30 days. The results of the palatability test showed that phytosterols did not affect the cat's feed intake (P>0.05), and the diet with added phytosterols was chosen first more frequently than the control diet (P<0.05). The results of the safety test showed that the addition of 0.15% and 1.50% phytosterols to the diets did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the physiological status, feed intake, body weight, as well as blood routine and blood biochemistry indexes of the adult cats compared with the control group. The results of the weight loss test showed that the addition of 0.15% phytosterols to the diet accelerated the rate of weight loss in cats from day 10 onwards compared with the control group (P<0.05). The addition of 0.15% phytosterols to the diet reduced the serum triglyceride level of cats by 17.3% at day 30 com‐ pared with day 0. The addition of 0.15% phytosterols to the diet reduced the body condition score of cats by 17.3% compared with day 0. The addition of 0.15% phytosterols to the diet reduced the body condition score of cats by 17.3% compared with day 0. Sterols resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the body condition score of cats. In conclusion, the addition of 0.15% phytosterols to cat diets did not differ palatability; the addition of 0.15% and 1.50% phytosterols to cat diets has good safety; the addition of 0.15% phytosterols to cat diets can increase the rate of weight loss, and improve body condition scores in obese cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myelolipoma of the spleen is a benign tumour rarely described in cats. These masses typically do not spread to other organs, but their growth can push or displace surrounding tissues and lead to pain or discomfort. In this report we describe a cat that presented to the veterinarian with a history of poor appetite and weight loss. Following thorough diagnostic investigations, presenting complaints were attributed to the intra-abdominal growth of a splenic mass. The mass was removed surgically, but the patient died in the recovery period. This case report highlights the need for careful assessment of a risk–benefit ratio when approaching this rare form of neoplasm in cats. Myelolipoma is a benign, typically inert neoplasm of uncertain aetiology that is rarely reported in cats. Although commonly asymptomatic, in some cases, myelolipomas can cause abdominal discomfort or present with rupture and haemorrhage. Here, we describe a rare case of a splenic myelolipoma in a Domestic Long Hair cat in which, after extensive diagnostic investigations, clinical signs of hyporexia and weight loss were attributable to the presence of an intra-abdominal mass. The patient was treated by splenectomy and unexpectedly died during the post-operative period. Although splenectomy appears to be a sensible intervention in symptomatic patients, the optimal management of splenic myelolipomas in cats remains unknown. The risk–benefit ratio of surgical management needs to be carefully considered, and therapeutic intervention should be tailored individually to each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a very common coronavirus (FCoV) infectious disease in the feline population. FIP infection is a cause of death in cats and is widespread in domestic cats. FIP can have an acute or chronic clinical form, also known as effusive or non-effusive FIP, respectively. The typical lesion found in the acute form is an effusion in the thoracic and/or abdominal cavities, while collection in the pericardial sac is rare. The chronic form is characterized by pyogranulomatous necrotizing lesions in organs such as the kidney, liver, intestine, lung, eyes, skin, and central nervous system. FIP does not represent a zoonotic risk. The reported case is an uncommon pyogranuloma found in the myocardium in a cat with clinical heart dysfunction. The most important histopathological finding was the myocarditis/myocardial necrosis associated with the presence of S gene-mutated FCoV (M1058L biotype). This is the first described case of myocarditis in an FCoV/FIP M1058L biotype-positive cat. An 8-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Emergency Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the Department of Veterinary Science of the University of Parma (Italy) from the Parma municipal multi-cat shelter, during the winter season (January 2023), for lethargy, anorexia, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia. At the VTH, upon cardiologic examination, an increase in heart rate, under normal blood pressure conditions, was detected. Signalment, clinical history, basal metabolic panel (BMP), ultrasound investigations, and cytological findings were all consistent with a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP was confirmed in the effusive abdominal fluid by a molecular genetic test (real-time PCR for feline coronavirus RNA). The molecular genetic investigation also detected an FCoV S gene single-nucleotide mutation: biotype M1058L. At necropsy, an effusive collection was recorded in the abdomen, thoracic cavity, and pericardium sac. White parenchymal nodules, of about 1 mm diameter, were found on the surface and deep in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and heart. Histopathology revealed the typical FIP pyogranulomatous vasculitis and IHC confirmed the presence of the FIP virus (FIPV) antigen. The most relevant histopathological finding was the myocarditis/myocardial necrosis associated with the presence of the S gene-mutated FCoV (M1058L biotype). This is the first case of myocarditis in a cat positive for the FCoV/FIP M1058L biotype. Further studies are necessary to support the mutated FCoV M1058L biotype, as an uncommon, but possible, causative pathogen of myocarditis in FCoV/FIP-positive cats. Studies including several FCoV/FIP M1058L-positive cases could allow us to make a correlation with heart gross pathology, histopathology, and immunolocalization of the FCoV/FIP M1058L biotype in the myocardium. The investigation will potentially allow us to determine the effective tropism of the FCoV/FIP M1058L biotype for myocardiocytes or whether myocardiocyte lesions are evident in the presence of concomitant causes related to the patient, its poor condition, or external environmental distress such as cold season, and whether the aforementioned concomitant events are correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has caused such problems as the poor coloration of grape skin and the decreased production of high-quality berries. We investigated the effect of synephrine (Syn) on anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin accumulation in cultured grape cells treated with Syn at concentrations of 1 mM or higher showed no significant difference, indicating that the accumulation was concentration-independent. On the other hand, anthocyanin accumulation was dependent on the compound used for treatment. The sugar/acid ratio of the juice from berries treated with Syn did not differ from the control. The expression of anthocyanin-biosynthesis-related genes, but not phytohormones, was increased by the treatment with Syn at 24 h or later. The Syn treatment of cultured cells increased SOD3 expression and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production from 3 to 24 h after treatment. Subsequently, the expression of CAT and APX6 encoding H2O2-scavenging enzymes was also increased. Treatment of cultured cells with Syn and H2O2 increased the expression of the H2O2-responsive gene Chit4 and the anthocyanin-biosynthesis-related genes mybA1 and UFGT 4 days after the treatment and increased anthocyanin accumulation 7 days after the treatment. On the other hand, the treatment of berries with Syn and H2O2 increased anthocyanin accumulation after 9 days. These results suggest that Syn increases anthocyanin accumulation through H2O2 production without changing phytohormone biosynthesis. Syn is expected to improve grape skin coloration and contribute to high-quality berry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra-abdominal adhesion is a common complication after abdominal surgery and causes many complications. Inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress are effective in creating adhesions. Several methods have been invented to prevent intra-abdominal adhesions, none of which have been approved yet. In this study, we investigated the anti-abdominal adhesions effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi. It is an experimental study. Forty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and abdominal surgery was performed in all of them to induce adhesion: group 1, control (with surgery and without active ingredient); group 2, chitosan gel injection in the abdominal area before suturing the site (as anti-adhesive); group 3, administration of alcoholic extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi at a dose of 40 mg/kg; group 4, administration of alcoholic extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi at a dose of 80 mg/kg; group 5, administration of alcoholic extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi at a dose of 120 mg/kg, for a week. Then, with deep anesthesia in rats, tissue samples were taken for histological studies and determination of the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) by biochemical analyses, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). The decrease in intra-abdominal adhesion index indicates the positive effect of the Dracocephalum kotschyi extract, which is confirmed by these results: MDA decreased compared to the control group, SOD and CAT was increased after prescription Dracocephalum kotschyi extract especially in DC120mg/kg. Gene expressions for two inflammatory markers were reduced in total groups compared to the control group. Dracocephalum kotschyi extract can reduce the adhesion index by reducing inflammatory factors and increasing antioxidant markers in rat models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the neonicotinoid insecticide Thiacloprid on oxidative stress, genotoxic, and immunotoxic biomarkers in Galleria mellonella. The effects of neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid on antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, hemocyte number, micronucleus frequency of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae at different doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 µg) and periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs) were explored. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 5, 10, and 15 µg thiacloprid doses compared to the control and negative control in all periods tested, while significantly decreased at 20, 25, and 30 µg doses. Catalase (CAT) activity showed significant increases at 5, 10 and 15 µg thiacloprid doses at 24 and 96h compared to the control and negative control. MDA concentrations showed significant increases in all periods compared to the control and negative control. At 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th, total hemocyte count (THC) decreased significantly at all doses except 5 µg thiacloprid concentration. During all the tested periods, there was a significant increase in the number of micronuclei, particularly at high doses of thiacloprid (20, 25, and 30 µg) compared to both the control and negative control. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between MDA and the number of micronuclei, while other markers showed a negative correlation with micronucleus (MN). These results suggest that high doses of thiacloprid induce significant increases in micronuclei formation and are positively correlated with MDA levels, indicating oxidative damage and genotoxicity caused by thiacloprid exposure in the tested organism. Overall, our findings suggest that the measured parameters can be considered reliable biomarkers to demonstrate oxidative damage from thiacloprid exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have unveiled a multitude of allergen molecules (AMs) associated with animal sensitizations, revealing significant cross‐ and co‐sensitization patterns among these seemingly distinct allergens. Method: We investigated the sensitization profiles of 120 children, sensitized to at least one of the 14 AMs from cat, dog, or horse using the Alex test, employing correlations and hierarchical clusters to explore relationship between sensitizations. Results: Sensitizations to Fel d 1, Can f 4/5, and Equ c 4 differ from other cat, dog, and horse AM sensitizations, suggesting they may represent genuine sensitizations for their respective animals. High correlations were observed among various AMs, including lipocalins (Can f 1/2/6, Fel d 4/7, and Equ c 1), serum albumins (Fel d 2, Can f 3, and Equ c 3), and uteroglobins (Fel d 1 and Can f_Fd1). Hierarchical clustering of sensitizations identified two similarity clusters and one dissimilarity cluster, providing an estimation of the likelihood of cross‐reactivity. Additionally, our method facilitated speculation regarding cross‐, co‐, or genuine sensitization. Moreover, we noted a potential increase in the number and level of sensitized animal AMs concurrent with increased sensitization to other aeroallergens with advancing age. No significant difference was detected for the presence or absence of various types of allergic comorbidities. Conclusion: Correlations and hierarchical clustering can unveil the extent and magnitude of cross‐, co‐, and genuine sensitization relationships among animal AMs. These insights can be leveraged to enhance artificial intelligence algorithms, improving diagnostic accuracy through the integration of other measures of sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1‐year‐old European shorthair male cat with a normally developed penis was subjected to genetic, endocrinological and histological studies due to unilateral cryptorchidism. The blood testosterone level was typical for males, while the level of anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) was very low. Surgical removal of internal reproductive organs was followed by a histological study, which revealed inactive testicles with neoplastic changes and derivatives of Mullerian ducts. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal XY sex chromosome complement and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Y‐linked genes (SRY and ZFY). Although the level of AMH was low, two normal copies of the AMH gene were found using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Analysis of the coding sequences of two candidate genes (AMH and AMHR2) for persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) in the affected cat and in control male cats (n = 24) was performed using the Sanger sequencing method. In the affected cat, homozygosity was found for three novel missense variants in Exon 1 (one SNP) and Exon 5 (two SNPs) of AMH, but the same homozygous genotypes were also observed in one and two control cats, respectively, whose sex development was not examined. Three known synonymous variants with homozygous status were found in AMHR2. We conclude that the DNA variants identified in AMH and AMHR2 are not responsible for PMDS in the affected cat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five dogs and two cats with a diagnosis of double-chambered right ventricle or primary infundibular stenosis were referred to undergo a combined cutting balloon and high-pressure balloon technique. At admission five cases were asymptomatic, one had a history of syncope and one had signs of right-sided congestive heart failure. Each patient underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiogram, thoracic radiographs, an angiogram and the combined interventional procedure. Median diameter of the right mid-ventricular stenosis was 4 mm (range 2–8.7 mm) in dogs, and it measured 1.9 and 2 mm in cats. Under general anesthesia initial dilation with an 8-mm × 2-cm cutting balloon was performed from a left external jugular vein approach followed by dilation with a high-pressure balloon (1.5:1 balloon diameter-right outflow tract diameter ratio). In one dog and the two cats the procedure was not completed due to technical issues. In the other four dogs the median intracavitary proximal chamber pressure decreased from 100 mmHg (range 70–150 mmHg) before the procedure to 57 mmHg (range 45–70 mmHg) post-dilation. Long-term follow-up (from six months to two years) showed complete or partial reverse remodeling of the proximal chamber with a median residual pressure gradient below 80 mmHg (range 46–75 mmHg) for all four dogs. This case series shows that this procedure should be considered in dogs with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In cats, the procedure might be feasible, if additional guidewire inventory were available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies report that rapidly repeated sensory stimulation can evoke LTP-like improvement of neural response in the sensory cortex. Whether this neural response potentiation is similar to the classic LTP induced by presynaptic electrical stimulation remains unclear. This study examined the effects of repeated high-frequency (9 Hz) versus low-frequency (1 Hz) visual stimulation on visually-evoked field potentials (VEPs) and the membrane protein content of AMPA / NMDA receptors in the primary visual cortex (V1) of cats. The results showed that repeated high-frequency visual stimulation (HFS) caused a longterm improvement in peak-to-peak amplitude of V1-cortical VEPs in response to visual stimuli at HFS-stimulated orientation (SO: 90°) and non-stimulated orientation (NSO: 180°), but the effect exhibited variations depending on stimulus orientation: the amplitude increase of VEPs in response to visual stimuli at SO was larger, reached a maximum earlier and lasted longer than at NSO. By contrast, repeated low-frequency visual stimulation (LFS) had not significantly affected the amplitude of V1-cortical VEPs in response to visual stimuli at both SO and NSO. Furthermore, the membrane protein content of the key subunit GluA1 of AMPA receptors and main subunit NR1 of AMPA receptors in V1 cortex was significantly increased after HFS but not LFS when compared with that of control cats. Taken together, these results indicate that HFS can induce LTP-like improvement of VEPs and an increase in membrane protein of AMPA and NMDA receptors in the V1 cortex of cats, which is similar to but less specific to stimulus orientation than the classic LTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This retrospective study includes 20 cats and 90 dogs brought to the Surgical Clinic of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal Hospital with various diseases between January and June 2023. In addition to routine eye examinations, neuro-ophthalmological examinations (nystagmus, strabismus, pupillary light reflex, palpebral reflex, corneal reflex, menace reflex, dazzle reflex) were performed on the patients, and the results of neuro-ophthalmological and routine eye examinations were evaluated retrospectively. Of the cats examined, 55% had pathology on routine ophthalmologic examination and 45% had pathology on neuro-ophthalmologic examination. Pathology was detected in 52.22% of dogs on routine ophthalmologic examination and 22.22% on neuro-ophthalmologic examination. One dog with microphthalmia could not be examined. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of neuroophthalmological diseases in dogs and cats. This study showed that many neuro-ophthalmological diseases are likely to be overlooked during the examination, and diagnosis may be difficult. Therefore, neuroophthalmological examinations should be added to routine ophthalmological examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the role of carbohydrates in the nutrition of dogs and cats. It explains that while dogs and cats do not have a nutritional requirement for carbohydrates, they are still important in pet food processing and can serve as a source of glucose. The article discusses different types of carbohydrates, their physiological properties, and the impact of processing on their digestibility. It emphasizes the importance of providing adequate carbohydrates in pet diets, especially during certain life stages. The article also highlights the potential health benefits of dietary fibers, including promoting glycemic control and maintaining gastrointestinal health. It introduces the concept of prebiotics and their role in improving gut health. The production of short-chain fatty acids by gut microbes is mentioned as a key benefit of fiber consumption. The document concludes by stating that further research is needed to understand the effects of food processing and optimal inclusion levels of dietary fibers in companion animal nutrition. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Veterinary Case Reports is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Veterinary Case Reports is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus in the family Retroviridae that infects domestic cats resulting in an immunodeficiency disease featuring a progressive and profound decline in multiple sets of peripheral lymphocytes. Despite compelling evidence of FIV-associated immunopathology, there are conflicting data concerning the clinical effects of FIV infection on host morbidity and mortality. To explore FIV-associated immunopathogenesis and clinical disease, we experimentally inoculated a cohort of four specific pathogen-free kittens with a biological isolate of FIV clade C and continuously monitored these animals along with two uninfected control animals for more than thirteen years from the time of inoculation to the humane euthanasia endpoint. Here, we report the results obtained during the late asymptomatic and terminal phases of FIV infection in this group of experimentally FIV-infected cats.

Spontaneously arisen hereditary diseases in domestic animals provide an excellent opportunity to study the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two 4-month-old sibling domestic short haired kittens with dry dark debris around the eyes, nose, and ears, dark crusting on the legs and a thin poor hair coat. Skin biopsies revealed abnormal sebaceous gland morphology with lack of normal sebocyte arrangement and differentiation. Hair follicles had a distorted silhouette, interpreted as a change secondary to the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia. Whole genome sequencing on both affected kittens and 65 genetically diverse feline genomes was performed. Filtering for variants that were present in both kittens but absent from the control genomes revealed a homozygous missense variant in SOAT1, encoding sterol O-acyltransferase 1. The protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters, an essential component of sebum and meibum. The identified SOAT1:c.1531G > A variant is predicted to change a highly conserved glycine residue within the last transmembrane domain of SOAT1, p.Gly511Arg. In mice, variants in Soat1 or complete knockout of the gene lead to the "hair interior defect" (hid) or abnormal Meibomian glands, respectively. SOAT1:c.1531G > A represents a plausible candidate variant for the observed sebaceous gland dysplasia in both kittens of this study. The variant was not present in 10 additional cats with a similar clinical and histopathological phenotype suggesting genetic heterogeneity. SOAT1 variants should be considered as potential cause in hereditary sebaceous gland dysplasias of humans and domestic animals.

Positioning head tilt (PHT) is a dynamic neurologic sign that occurs when the head tilts in the opposite side of a voluntary lateral turn of the head. Notably, a head tilt is absent when the head is held stationary or when the animal is moving forward. PHT is thought to be caused by a lack of inhibitory input to the vestibular nuclei due to dysfunction of the cerebellar nodulus and uvula (NU). NU dysfunction is proposed to not only be caused by pathologies that affect the NU itself, but also by reduced input of proprioceptive information from the spindles of cervical muscles. As an example of the former, it has been noted in dogs with hypoplasia of the cerebellar nodulus and uvula (NU), dogs with lysosomal storage diseases, and in a dog with a cerebellar tumor. As an example of the latter, it has been observed in feline cases of hypokalemic myopathy and myasthenia gravis. In this study, we describe and discuss our observations of PHT in one dog and four cats with lesions affecting the peripheral vestibular apparatus bilaterally.

ABSTRACT Background Cardiac troponin I, a particular biomarker, is released into the bloodstream in response to myocardial injury. Objectives To evaluate perioperative changes in high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) concentration during ovariohysterectomy in cats undergoing three different anaesthesia protocols. Methods Twenty‐one female mixed‐breed cats owned by clients aged (2.2 ± 0.7 years) and weight (3.2 ± 0.5 kg) were included in our study. The cats were divided into three groups: propofol–isoflurane (PI) group (n = 7), xylazine–ketamine (XK) group (n = 7) and xylazine–isoflurane (XI) group (n = 7). After pre‐anaesthetic propofol (6 mg/kg IV) was administered to cats in Group PI, a mask was placed, and anaesthesia was maintained with 3.0% isoflurane in oxygen. Cats in Group XK underwent general anesthetization with xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM) and, 10 min later, ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg IM). Cats in Group XI were administered xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM), and then anaesthesia (3.0% isoflurane and oxygen) was continued with a mask. Blood samples were collected from all cats; preoperatively and postoperatively at 0 and 12 h (Pre‐, Post‐0 h and Post‐12 h, respectively). Serum hs‐cTnI concentrations were measured with the Advia Centaur TnI‐Ultra. Results In all 21 cats, hs‐cTnI concentration increased at Post‐0 h and 12 h measurement points compared to Pre‐. In the XK group, hs‐cTnI concentrations exhibited a significant increase at the Post‐0 h (51.30 ng/L) and Post‐12 h (157.70 ng/L) time points compared to Pre‐ (6.70 ng/L) (p

ABSTRACT Background Understanding the nature of inflammatory responses in cats with bacterial and viral infections is essential for accurately managing the infection. This study aimed to investigate the diversities of inflammatory responses between bacterial and viral infections in cats to figure out their role in the pathophysiology of these infections. Methods Seventy‐five owned cats were included in the study. The evaluations were performed based on three groups: healthy control, bacterial infection group (those with bronchopneumonia and gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infections) and viral infection group (21 with feline coronavirus [FCoV], 3 with feline leukaemia virus [FeLV] and 1 with feline calicivirus), each containing 25 individuals. Total and differential leukocyte counts, C‐reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) concentrations were assessed in the blood samples collected from sick and healthy animals. Results No statistically significant difference was noted in serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 concentrations of the infected cats (p = 0.996, p = 0.160 and p = 0.930, respectively). Serum TGF‐β concentration in the viral infection group was reduced compared to the healthy control (p = 0.001). In contrast, WBC count and IL‐6 and CRP concentrations were increased in the cats with bronchopneumonia, gastrointestinal tract infections and urinary tract infections compared to the healthy control and viral infection groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion This study revealed significant differences between bacterial and viral infections regarding the fashion of inflammatory responses in cats, and the relevant data will undoubtedly contribute to the management and control of feline infectious diseases, rendering the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Domestic cats (Felis Catus) are often exposed to stimuli that have the potential to negatively impact their welfare. These can include situations such as veterinary visits, travel, changes to their home environment, and interactions with unfamiliar people or pets. Cannabidiol (CBD)-infused pet products have grown in popularity in recent years, as pet owners search for ways to calm and relax their pets. However, research into the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in cats is limited and investigations into its efficacy are in their infancy. The present study aimed to explore the effect of a single 4 mg/kg bodyweight dose of a THC-free CBD distillate on measures of stress in cats when experiencing a composite stress-paradigm, consisting of cat carrier travel and exposure to a novel person within an unfamiliar environment. Physiological and behavioural indicators of stress were collected pre-, during, and post-testing. No significant effect of CBD was observed on serum cortisol, IgA, or glucose, either before or immediately after the stress-paradigm (all p > 0.05). This was true despite cortisol being shown to significantly increase post-test for both treatments (both p 0.05). Overall, no influence of CBD was observed in cats, suggesting further research into appropriate dosage, delivery matrices, and other conditional factors, such as individual coping styles, should be considered.

Key message Here, we report a case of zoonosis pulmonary Pasteurella multocida infection with a tree‐in‐bud appearance. In cases showing a tree‐in‐bud appearance on chest CT images, pulmonary P. multocida infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients with pets.

Locomotion in mammals is directly controlled by the spinal neuronal network, operating under the control of supraspinal signals and somatosensory feedback that interact with each other. However, the functional architecture of the spinal locomotor network, its operation regimes, and the role of supraspinal and sensory feedback in different locomotor behaviors, including at different speeds, remain unclear. We developed a computational model of spinal locomotor circuits receiving supraspinal drives and limb sensory feedback that could reproduce multiple experimental data obtained in intact and spinal-transected cats during tied-belt and split-belt treadmill locomotion. We provide evidence that the spinal locomotor network operates in different regimes depending on locomotor speed. In an intact system, at slow speeds (

A two-year-old neutered male Turkish Angora cat presented with respiratory signs, including chronic snoring sounds and dyspnea with open-mouth breathing. Nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) was diagnosed based on endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). An attempt was made to break down the membrane, causing stenosis in the nasopharynx through balloon dilation using a valvuloplasty balloon dilation catheter (12 mm × 3 cm) and retroflexed endoscope. The balloon size was selected according to the identified diameter of the stenotic site on nasopharyngeal CT images. The balloon was inflated with radiographic contrast medium and maintained for 2 min; the similar procedure was repeated four additional times. The stenotic membrane was excised after balloon dilation. Topical Mitomycin C (MMC) was then administered to the stenotic region. After 2 weeks, an additional MMC application was repeated to prevent recurrence. The cat remained free of clinical signs without recurrence for 12 months after the most recent procedure. In this study, effective treatment results were obtained using a combination of balloon dilation, membrane excision, and topical MMC for membranous nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat.

Skull stripping is a fundamental preprocessing step in modern neuroimaging analyses that consists of removing non-brain voxels from structural images. When performed entirely manually, this laborious step can be rate-limiting for analyses, with the potential to influence the population size chosen. This emphasizes the need for a fully- or semi-automated masking procedure to decrease man-hours without an associated decline in accuracy. These algorithms are plentiful in human neuroimaging but are relatively lacking for the plethora of animal species used in research. Unfortunately, software designed for humans cannot be easily transformed for animal use due to the high amount of tailoring required to accurately account for the considerable degree of variation within the highly folded human cortex. As most animals have a relatively less complex cerebral morphology, intersubject variability is consequently decreased, presenting the possibility to simply warp the brain mask of a template image into subject space for the purpose of skull stripping. This study presents the use of the Cat Automated Registration-based Skull Stripper (CARSS) tool on feline structural images. Validation metrics revealed that this method was able to perform on par with manual raters on >90 % of scans tested, and that its consistency across multiple runs was superior to that of masking performed by two independent raters. Additionally, CARSS outperformed three well-known skull stripping programs on the validation dataset. Despite a handful of manual interventions required, the presented tool reduced the man-hours required to skull strip 60 feline images over tenfold when compared to a fully manual approach, proving to be invaluable for feline neuroimaging studies, particularly those with large population sizes.

Abstract Introduction: This study, part of a larger research project assessing the political views of people with pets (dogs and cats), investigates the political views and life satisfaction of women without children who own cats. The research aims to provide insights into this group’s perspectives on current issues, including abortion rights and voting intentions for the 2024 US presidential election. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in August 2024, involving 236 American women cat owners without children, recruited through Prolific, an online marketplace for survey respondents. The survey assessed the sample’s demographics, life satisfaction using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), concerns about current events, views on abortion, political affiliation, and voting intentions. Results: Participants mean SWLS score was 18.64 (SD = 7.74), comparable to other adult populations. The majority identified as liberal (71%) and Democrat (54%). This population’s top concerns included healthcare, abortion rights, climate change and environment, and government ethics. A total of 88.1% believed abortion should be legal in all or most circumstances. Regarding the 2024 election, 86.4% plan to vote, with 72.9% of those planning to vote indicating they support the Harris/Walz ticket. Discussion/Conclusion: The findings suggest that childless women with cats are a politically engaged population with predominantly liberal views. While study limitations include lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the sample, this research provides valuable insights into the political leanings and life satisfaction of an often-stereotyped group.

Abstract A 12‐year‐old male domestic cat with multiple subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) presented with a 2‐week history of pruritus and raw/bleeding skin from self‐trauma at Kagoshima University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological analyses revealed intertumoral heterogeneity among tumour locations based on the mutation status of KIT. In addition, the expression pattern of KIT was characterized. After failed treatment with vinblastine (2.0–2.2 mg/m2, intravenous administration, two doses in total) or nimustine (25 mg/m2, intravenous administration, two doses in total), toceranib (2.2–2.6 mg/kg, orally administered, every other day) was administered to treat recurrent MCTs harbouring the KIT exon eight internal tandem duplication mutation, achieving a complete response. However, toceranib resistance developed 2 months after treatment initiation. Subsequent PCR analysis was conducted to identify the mutational status of KIT in each MCT and to detect the presence of secondary mutations associated with the acquisition of toceranib resistance. Secondary KIT mutations (c.998G>C and c.2383G>C), which were not initially detected in tumour cells at diagnosis, were identified after the development of resistance to toceranib. This indicates that the tumour cells in feline MCTs in the same case have diverse characteristics. Our findings encourage further investigation into the development of therapeutic strategies for feline MCTs, particularly focusing on the heterogeneous nature of KIT/KIT and overcoming acquired resistance to toceranib.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)