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Table S1: Major, trace elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic analytical results for the mafic and plagiogranitic rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos; Table S2: SIMS and LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating results for the mafic, plagiogranitic and associated granitic host rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos; Table S3: Zircon in-situ Hf and O isotopic analytical results for the mafic and plagiogranitic rocks along the Song Ma tectonic zone in North Laos.

A novel passive integrated unit is proposed to increase the power density of a single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) driver in this paper. With the flexible multi-layer foil (FMLF) integration technique, such an integrated unit consists of two transformers, one resonant inductor and two resonant capacitors to reduce the volume of these passive components. The composition principle, flux analysis and parameter design of the proposes integrated device are introduced in detail, respectively. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed ideas are proved by the simulation results of a Maxwell model and a prototype for a 100W-100kHz single-stage LED driver.

Global spread of Zika virus in 2015 and 2016 highlighted the importance of surveillance to rapidly detect, report, and respond to emerging infections. We describe the lessons learned from the development and deployment of a web-based surveillance reporting system for Zika virus and other acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China. In less than 2 months, we customized the China Epidemiologic Dynamic Data Collection (EDDC) platform to collect, manage, and visualize data in close to real time. According to provincial and sentinel hospital staff requirements, the customized platform provided specific user authorization management, online/offline data collection, data quality control, and secure data transmission and protection and visualization tools. AFI case data and laboratory test results were entered through a web-based interface by hospital and provincial-level staff and saved on a China CDC server in Beijing. The dashboard visualized aggregate data by hospital, age, onset date, and laboratory test results. From June 2017 to December 2018, data from 768 patients with AFI were entered into the web-based surveillance system and visualized by hospital and provincial-level decision makers. Input from provincial and hospital staff was essential for developing the AFI case-reporting and feedback tools appropriate for specific settings and decision-making requirements. Web-based systems (eg, EDDC, data collection, and visualization tools that can be easily adapted to meet local surveillance needs) can help shorten time for system deployment, thereby strengthening global health security to rapidly detect and respond to emerging infections and outbreaks.

Species of the family Planctomycetes have a complex intracellular structure, which is distinct from that of the majority of non-Planctomycetes bacteria. At present, genomic evidence of the evolution of intracellular complexity is lacking, cognitions of Planctomycetes's intracellular structure mainly rely on electron microscope observation. As the presence of WD40 motifs in eukaryotic proteins probably links to intracellular complexity, bioinformatic studies were conducted to detect and enumerate WD40 motifs, WD40 domains, and WD40 motif-bearing proteins in the genomes of 11 Planctomycetes species, 2775 non-Planctomycetes bacteria, and 63 representative eukaryotes. Compared to non-Planctomycetes bacteria (average 5 WD40 motifs and 1 WD40 motif-bearing protein per genome), a large increase in the number of WD40 motifs in Planctomycetes species (average 116 WD40 motifs and 26 WD40 motif-bearing proteins per genome) was observed. However, the average number of WD40 motifs in Planctomycetes species was significantly lower than that of eukaryotes (average 584 WD40 motifs and 193 WD40 motif-bearing proteins per genome). The number of WD40 motif-bearing proteins was found to correlate with genome size and gene number. Most WD40 motif-bearing proteins of Planctomycetes species belonged to the categories of 'ribosome assembly protein 4' and 'eukaryotic-like serine/threonine protein kinase.' Collinearity analysis of amino acid compositions of Planctomycetes and eukaryotic WD40 motifs revealed that the sequences of the four anti-parallel β-sheets of WD40 motifs were conserved. However, a number of Planctomycetes WD40 motifs had increased size of the interval region of β-sheets D and A. Taken together, results of this study suggest a positive correlation between the number of WD40 motif-bearing proteins and the evolution of Planctomycetes species toward a complex intracellular structure similar to that of eukaryotes.

Figures S1-S4

Belt conveyor is widely used for material transportation over both short and long distances nowadays while the failure of a single component may cause fateful consequences. Accordingly, the use of machine learning in timely fault diagnosis is an efficient way to ensure the safe operation of belt conveyors. The support vector machine is a powerful supervised machine learning algorithm for classification in fault diagnosis. Before the classification, the principal component analysis is used for data reduction according to the varieties of features. To optimize the parameters of the support vector machine, this paper presents a grey wolf optimizer approach. The diagnostic model is applied to an underground mine belt conveyor transportation system fault diagnosis on the basis of monitoring data collected by sensors of mine internet of things. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the fault is up to 97.22% according to the mine site dataset. It is proved that the combined classification model has a better performance in fault intelligent diagnosis.

The early Paleozoic Kwangsian event, the first compressive orogeny after the Rodinia assemblage in the South China Block (SCB), is characterized by the angular unconformity between the Devonian and pre-Devonian sequences and widespread granitoids and small-volume mafic rocks. However, the mechanism triggering this event is highly debated and the associated mantle source is poorly known. Our recent investigations identified the occurrence of early Silurian high-Mg basalt–andesite–dacite in the Dashuang area along the northwestern Yunkai Domain in the SCB. This study presents a set of new zircon U–Pb geochronological, whole-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data for these volcanic rocks. They yield weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of c. 430–443 Ma, similar to the age-peaks of early–middle Paleozoic magmatism and metamorphism in the SCB. These volcanic rocks have high MgO, Cr and Ni contents and Mg-numbers. They also exhibit arc-like geochemical affinities with crustal-like Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, similar to the Neoproterozoic high-Mg basalt–andesite in the eastern SCB. Such signatures, combined with other geological observations, suggest that the Dashuang high-Mg rocks were derived from an ancient (probably early Neoproterozoic) mantle wedge source. The early Paleozoic intra-continental reactivation in response to late-orogenic extension triggered the melting of this palaeosubduction-modified mantle, which led to the formation of these volcanic rocks.

It has been generally accepted that the Neoproterozoic amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks along the Jiangnan orogenic zone created the united South China Block (SCB). However, its final oceanic consumption time and subsequent assemblage process remain controversial. This paper presents a set of new geochronological, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf-O isotopic data for the early Neoproterozoic mafic to felsic igneous rocks in the previously-mapped Chencai Group and the associated equivalents. Our data show that the compositions of these rocks plot into the fields of the subalkaline and alkaline series, and they can be geochemically subdivided into five groups. Group 1 has SiO2 = 56.68–63.97 wt.% and MgO = 2.31–8.90 wt.% with Mg-number of 42–69, resembling the high-Mg intermediate rocks. Their 87Sr/86Sr(t) ratios range from 0.7022 to 0.7043, eNd(t) from +3.0 to +5.5, eHf(t) from +4.9 to +7.7 and δ18O from 4.78‰ to 5.57‰, most likely showing their petrogenetic relevance to the interaction of young slab-derived fluids with the overlying refractory mantle. Group 2 with SiO2 of 63.68–74.89 wt.% shows high Sr, Ba, Sr/Y and (La/Yb)cn, but low Y and Yb, resembling high-silica adakites. Its arc-like elemental signatures and highly positive eNd(t) -eHf(t) values, along with δ18O vaules of 4.95–5.39‰, suggest its derivation from the recently-ponded mafic lower crust with a mantle wedge source similar to Group 1. Group 3 is characterized by the arc-like basaltic and andesitic rocks with SiO2 = 45.06–63.53 wt.%, MgO = 3.38–12.99 wt.%, 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.7032–0.7047, eNd(t) = +2.0 ∼ + 5.9, eHf(t) = +3.2∼+7.8, originating from a MORB-like source newly modified by slab-derived fluids. Group 4 has SiO2 = 44.55–52.46 wt.%, MgO = 3.34–8.07 wt.%, Nb = 18.2–55.0 ppm and Nb/La = 1.01–1.76. These rocks can be classified as the high-Nb OIB-like alkaline mafic rocks, and interpreted as the product of the enriched component-modified asthenosphere. Group 5 has similar elemental signatures to the Nb-enriched basalt, with SiO2 = 44.52–48.80 wt.%, Nb/La = 0.38–0.81 and Nb = 8.2–17.4 ppm, and 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.7032–0.7044 and eNd(t) = +2.7∼+5.5, suggestive of an origin from a mantle wedge source recently modified by both slab-derived and OIB-like components. Our zircon U-Pb geochronological results for the representative samples of five groups indicate that all the five groups formed at 830–859 Ma with a cluster age of ∼830–845 Ma in the early Neoproterozoic, identical to the deposited time of the Lengjiaxi Group and its equivalents. The coexistence of the 830–859 Ma high-Mg intermediate (Group 1) and high-Si adakitic (Group 2) rocks, arc-like basaltic and andesitic (Group 3) rocks, and high-Nb (Group 4) and Nb-enriched (Group 5) mafic rocks in the Chencai Complex suggests an early Neoproterozoic arc-trench setting and the ongoing of subduction until ∼830 Ma. The initial assemblage of the Yangtze with Cathaysia Blocks along the whole Jiangnan Orogen might be roughly synchronous (∼820–830 Ma). An early Neoproterozoic slab window model at subduction termination (∼830 Ma) is proposed, representing an improved understanding of the petrogenesis of the early Neoproterozoic Chencai igneous rocks.

Mafic-intermediate igneous rocks in the Bangxi-Chenxing tectonic zone of Hainan Island, South China, can be used to constrain the Paleotethyan tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia. This paper presents petrologic, geochronological, elemental and Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic data for Carboniferous basalts, Permian andesites and Triassic gabbro-dolerites in this zone. Zircon grains from these rocks have U-Pb ages of ∼330 Ma, ∼257 Ma and ∼240 Ma, respectively. The ∼330 Ma basalts contain 1400 Ma captured zircon grains, and display MORB-like geochemical characteristics with positive eNd (t) values of +5.86–+9.85, reflective of a MORB source with the input of a slab-derived component in a continental back-arc basin setting. The ∼257 Ma andesites contain older captured zircon grains, and have arc-like geochemical signature with weakly positive eNd (t) values of +0.26–+0.38, zircon eHf (t) values of −0.5–+1.4 and δ18O values of 6.35–7.16‰, which were derived from a metasomatized mantle wedge modified by the sediment-derived component in a continental arc setting. The ∼240 Ma gabbro-dolerites exhibit enrichment in LILEs, depletion in HFSEs, negative eNd (t)-eHf (t) values (−8.45 to −1.05 and −5.9 to −2.7, respectively) and crustal-like δ18O values (7.26–8.70‰), indicative of a post-collisional environment in response to the asthenosphere upwelling shortly after the closure of the Bangxi-Chenxing back-arc basin. The Carboniferous-Triassic mafic-intermediate igneous rocks thus record the Carboniferous-Permian arc-basin system and its Triassic closure. The Bangxi–Chenxing tectonic zone separated South Hainan from North Hainan and westerly extended to the Song Ma–Ailaoshan suture zone.

New U-Pb geochronological, elemental and Nd-Hf isotopic data for the metamorphic mafic rocks from the Baoban Complex in southwest Hainan provide new constraints on their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Magmatic zircons from the representative samples yielded weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1441–1424 Ma, representing their crystallization ages. These samples show subalkaline to alkaline characteristics and can be geochemically subdivided into three groups in spite of similar formation time. Group 1 has TiO2 of 2.85–3.18 wt.%, Nb of 20.5–21.6 ppm, Nb/U of 45–49, Nb/La of 1.22–1.37, eNd (t) of +6.8–+6.9 and zircon eHf (t) of +9.3–+12.7, suggestive of the derivation from OIB-like source. Group 2 shows Nb contents ranging from 1.0 ppm to 12.6 ppm, eNd (t) values from +5.5 to +5.9 and zircon eHf (t) values from +10.3–+12.4 with right-sloping REE-normalized pattern, indicative of an E-MORB source. Group 3 is characterized by negative Nb-Ta anomalies with Nb/La ratios of 0.51–0.88 and eNd (t) value of ∼+5.1, indicative of the derivation from a previously-metasomatized mantle source. The coeval mafic and felsic rocks in the Baoban Complex are geochronologically and geochemically comparable to the Mesoproterozoic intra-plate magma in southwest Laurentia. The Mesoproterozoic Baoban igneous rocks are generated in a syn-rift setting in response to the Columbia breakup. Southwest Hainan might connected with west Laurentia and Australia at ∼1.43 Ga.

When using Wide Band-gap Power Semiconductor Devices in power control and protection apparatus, the packaging of these devices faces unique challenges. These challenges include expected high overcurrent (for example, eight times nominal current, result from the IEC standard 60947) and high short circuit current through a relatively small chip area. This paper uses FEA simulation and laboratory testing to study bonding wire performance against the overcurrent in AC power control and protection applications and verify if bonding wires are a constraining factor in these applications.

Growing commercialization of SiC JFETs with low conduction losses is enabling their potential in non-traditional application spaces such as AC switchgear and controlgear. However, a key performance requirement such as surge current capability of these devices in AC circuits is generally not provided by their manufacturers in product documents. This paper presents the experimental validation of surge current capability of selected SiC JFETs for low voltage AC distribution system applications. Because AC electrical apparatus, such as power relays, contactors, and circuit breakers, have a different set of system parameters and requirements compared to traditional power converter applications, power semiconductor devices need to be validated for a different set of system requirements. In fact, robustness to inductive short circuit currents, inrush currents, short and long-time overload are some of the basic requirements for the utilization of WBG devices for these applications. In this paper, we compare the performance of different SiC JFETs under different types of AC waveform conditions.

In modern datacenter networks (DCNs), failures of network devices are the norm rather than the exception, and many research efforts have focused on dealing with failures after they happen. In this paper, we take a different approach by predicting failures, thus the operators can intervene and "fix" the potential failures before they happen. Specifically, in our proposed system, named PreFix, we aim to determine during runtime whether a switch failure will happen in the near future. The prediction is based on the measurements of the current switch system status and historical switch hardware failure cases that have been carefully labelled by network operators. Our key observation is that failures of the same switch model share some common syslog patterns before failures occur, and we can apply machine learning methods to extract the common patterns for predicting switch failures. Our novel set of features (message template sequence, frequency, seasonality and surge) for machine learning can efficiently deal with the challenges of noises, sample imbalance, and computation overhead. We evaluated PreFix on a data set collected from 9397 switches (3 different switch models) deployed in more than 20 datacenters owned by a top global search engine in a 2-year period. PreFix achieved an average of 61.81% recall and 1.84 * 10^-5 false positive ratio. It outperforms the other failure prediction methods for computers and ISP devices.

V1–xMoxO2 thin films were fabricated by nanolamination of VO2/MoO3 alternating layers using atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, in which tetrakis-dimethyl-amino vanadium(IV) [V(NMe2)4] and molybdenum hexacarbonyl(VI) [Mo(CO)6] were used as vanadium and molybdenum precursors, respectively. The dopant content of V1–xMoxO2 films was controlled by adjusting MoO3 cycle percentage (PMo) in ALD pulse sequence, which varied from 2 to 10%. Effects of PMo on V1–xMoxO2 crystal structure, morphology, semiconductor-to-metal transition properties, and optical transmittance were studied. A linear reduction of phase transition temperature (Tc) by approximately −11 °C/cycle % Mo was observed for V1–xMoxO2 films within PMo ≤ 5%. Notably, dramatic enhanced luminous transmittance (Tlum = 63.8%) and solar modulation (ΔTsol = 23.5%) were observed for V1–xMoxO2 film with PMo = 7%.

The Kuching zone, the most important tectonic boundary in Borneo, separates the Sibu zone in Central Sarawak from the Schwaner Mountains granitoids in SW Borneo. It potentially provides a key window for probing the paleo-Pacific subduction process. This paper presents new geochronological, elemental and Sr Nd isotopic data for the Pakong-Serabang and Serian mafic rocks, along with detrital zircon U Pb age-data for the associated greywacke in the Sarawak Kuching zone. These mafic rocks are dated at ~77–98 Ma and show distinctive geochemical signatures. The Pakong- Serabang mafic rocks are subalkaline basalt with SiO2 = 46.22–51.75 wt%, TiO2 = 0.49–2.42 wt% and MgO = 6.30–10.54 wt%. They exhibit MORB-like PM-normalized patterns with depletion in LILEs and HFSEs. Their 87Sr/86Sr(t) and eNd(t) range from 0.70285 to 0.70728 and + 7.4 to +9.4, respectively, originating from a slab-derived fluid-modified MORB-like source. The late Cretaceous Serian Volcanics are marked by SiO2 of 51.52–57.90 wt%, MgO of 3.50–5.06 wt% with mg-number = 36–46 and show arc-like geochemical signatures with (Nb/La)n = 0.37–0.47. They have 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.71188–0.71417 and eNd(t) = −11.1 ~ −7.3, and were derived from a mantle wedge with the input of recycled sedimentary components. The detrital zircon grains from the associated sandstones give similar age-spectra to those in East Peninsular Malaysia and SE Vietnam. Our data revealed a Cretaceous Kuching trench-arc system. In combination with other geological observations, it is concluded that NW Borneo to the southwest of the Sarawak Kuching zone was a part of the Indochina/East Peninsular Malaysia fragment in SE Asia prior to the Jurassic and re-activated as an active continental margin in the Cretaceous. Widespread accretionary orogenesis along the Kuching zone likely initiated at or before the early Cretaceous and ended no earlier than the latest Cretaceous in response to the westward subduction of the paleo-Pacific slab.

The Chang’an Au deposit is a large Au deposit located in the south of the Ailaoshan-Red River tectonic zone, southwestern margin of the South China block. The deposit exhibit characters similar to Carlin-type Au deposits in Nevada and Dian-Qian-Gui “Golden Triangle”, including tectonic evolution (deformed and rifted cratonic margins), orebody controlled by lithology and structure and invisible Au ionically bound in arsenian pyrite and pyrite. Mineralization is controlled by a strike-slip fault and occurs as barren milky quartz veins, disseminated gold-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite in the Early Paleozoic sandstone, siltstone and limestone. Gold is invisibly and ionically bound in arsenopyrite and pyrite or locally occurs as isolated native gold crystals (micron scale). Wall rock alteration includes sulfide, silicic, sericite and decarbonized alterations. Three hydrothermal mineralizing stages (I, II, III) can be identified: milky quartz-pyrite (I), quartz-sericite-pyrite-arsenopyrite (II) and dolomite-calcite-quartz (III). Different from those deposit in Dian-Qian-Gui, numerous plutons intruded in and around the mine. The syenite dikes are pyritized, thus, formed prior to the mineralization while lamprophyre dikes are unaltered and crosscut by the syenite dikes. The syenite dikes yielded zircon U − Pb ages of ca. 35.8 Ma and the lamprophyre yielded similar Ar-Ar age of ca. 36.6 Ma, largely constraining the age of Au mineralization. In situ S–Pb isotopic compositions for ore pyrite and arsenopyrite were measured by fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS. Sulfides from Chang’an show a uniform range from –6.4‰ to + 4.6‰, a typical characteristic of magmatic-derived S. Such sulfur isotopic compositions are similar to those of sulfides from Carlin-type Au deposits, but different from those of sulfides from orogenic-type deposit, which commonly exhibit a wide range of δ34S values. Pb isotopic ratios of pyrite and arsenopyrite are similar to those of the intrusive rocks in the deposit with more radiogenic Pb, suggesting that the metal is probably sourced from the coeval intrusive rocks and sedimentary wall rocks. Combined with the low Au concentrations of the sedimentary wall rocks, Au in the Chang’an deposit are probably sourced from the intrusive rocks. Differences between the Chang’an deposit and typical orogenic-type Au deposit include: (1) Orebodies in the Chang’an deposit exhibit transitional contact relationship with the host rocks and boundaries between them are defined by cut-off grade while these boundaries in typical orogenic-type deposits are clearly defined. (2) Sulfidized and decarbonized alterations are quite significant in the Chang’an deposit but commonly absent in typical orogenic-type deposits. (3) The Chang’an deposit have lower CO2 contents of ore-forming fluids and more shallow ore-forming depth relative to typical orogenic-type deposits. Based on the ore deposit geology, dating and isotopic data, the Chang’an mineralization is similar to typical Carlin-type gold deposit, formed by ore fluids originated from a deep magmatic S source in an post-collisional intracontinental setting at ca. 36 Ma.

The consumption of the East Paleotethyan Ocean was the final step in creating the united SE Asia continent. However, uncertainties remain as to the significance of Paleotethyan-associated granitoids and when ocean closure finally occurred in west Indonesia and Malaysia. This paper presents new U-Pb geochronological, petrologic, elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic results for granitoids from west Kalimantan, West Java, Bangka-Belitung and Peninsular Malaysia. These granitoids are geochemically subdivided into the Eastern and Main Range granites. The Eastern granites include the granitoids from west Kalimantan, West Java and East Peninsular Malaysia and are dated at ~256–207 Ma, ~208–207 Ma and ~289–217 Ma, respectively. They have eNd(t) = +0.2 ~ −9.1, with two-peaks of +0.1 and −5.6, (206Pb/204Pb)i = 18.64–19.49, (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.61–15.78 and (208Pb/204Pb)i = 38.56–39.47, and originated from a mixed source involving juvenile crust and Indochina basement. The Main Range granites occur in Bangka-Belitung (West Indonesia) and West Peninsular Malaysia, and have crystallization ages of ~226–198 Ma. They share the similar Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions with those in the South China and Inthanon Triassic granites, with 87Sr/86Sr(t) = 0.70725–0.72652, eNd(t) = −5.6 ~ −10.8, ∆8/4 = 28.1–109 and ∆7/4 = 13.7–23.6, and were derived from a meta-greywacke source. Our data reveals the development of the Paleotethyan-associated Permo-Triassic granitoids in West Java, Belitung and west Kalimantan. The Bentong-Raub suture forms the East Paleotethyan suture boundary in Peninsular Malaysia, and extends southwards into the easternmost Bangka-Belitung Islands (and even West Java). To the north, it links to the Inthanon-Changning-Menglian suture in NW Thailand and SW China. It is concluded that the temporal pattern of the East Paleotethyan Ocean in west Indonesia and Malaysia correlates with that in NW Thailand and SW China. Its evolution switched from subduction to assembly of the Indochina-East Malaysia and Sibumasu at ~230 Ma. The Eastern granites might reflect active margin processes in response to the eastward subduction of the Paleotethyan Ocean, and the Main Range granites represent the post-collisional igneous rocks.

Early Mesozoic volcanic rocks in northwestern Laos are rarely reported and important for investigating the Paleotethyan tectonic evolution and regional correlation in SE Asia. In this study, New zircon ages and whole-rock geochemical data are presented for the newly identified volcanic rocks in northwestern Laos. Twelve volcanic rocks yield zircon U–Pb ages of 228–234 Ma. The volcanic rocks in northwestern Laos contain basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, and rhyolite and can be geochemically subdivided into three groups. Both Group 1 and 2 samples belong to the calc-alkaline mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks. Group 1 has eNd (t) values of −0.52 to +1.20, eHf (t) values of +0.9 to +3.6 and δ18O values of 6.3–7.0‰. In contrast, Group 2 has lower eNd (t) values of −2.82 to −5.89 and eHf (t) values of −4.0 to +1.4 and higher δ18O values of 6.6–8.1‰ than Group 1. Group 3 samples are high-K calc-alkaline rhyolites with high eNd (t) (−0.08 to +0.74) and positive eHf (t) (+4.6 to +13.2) values. Geochemical characteristics suggest that the Group 1 and 2 samples were derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle modified by sediment-derived components, and Group 3 rhyolites were derived from partial melting of juvenile mafic rocks with a crustal component. Our results, along with the geological observations and reported ages suggest that the Late Triassic volcanic rocks in northwestern Laos were formed in a post-collisional setting, and provide the key studies for the connection between the Lancangjiang and Chiang Khong-Lampang-Tak zones.

Although high-speed railway (HSR) subgrades in cold regions are filled with coarse-grained soil (CGS), they still undergo frost-heaving displacement. The liquid water–vapour migration mechanism can explain the frost-heaving process; therefore, the characteristics of liquid water–vapour migration in CGS are investigated in this study. The results show that in CGS, vapour migration is dominant under unidirectional freezing and dynamic loading. The water redistribution in the frozen zone and freezing front is primarily caused by vapour migration, whereas that in the unfrozen zone is primarily caused by liquid water migration. The final migration height of liquid water and the amount of vapour migration are positively correlated with the amplitude and frequency of dynamic loading. Continuous pore-structure changes and soil-particle movement provide favourable conditions for vapour migration, which are amplified by increasing the dynamic loading amplitude or frequency. A pumping action produced by dynamic loading exists inside CGS. In the design and maintenance of HSR subgrades in cold regions, vapour migration merits careful consideration because it induces more than 50% of the frost-heaving displacement.

Combining first-principles accuracy and empirical-potential efficiency for the description of the potential energy surface (PES) is the philosopher’s stone for unraveling the nature of matter via atomistic simulation. This has been particularly challenging for multi-component alloy systems due to the complex and non-linear nature of the associated PES. In this work, we develop an accurate PES model for the Al–Cu–Mg system by employing deep potential (DP), a neural network based representation of the PES, and DP generator (DP-GEN), a concurrent-learning scheme that generates a compact set of ab initio data for training. The resulting DP model gives predictions consistent with first-principles calculations for various binary and ternary systems on their fundamental energetic and mechanical properties, including formation energy, equilibrium volume, equation of state, interstitial energy, vacancy and surface formation energy, as well as elastic moduli. Extensive benchmark shows that the DP model is ready and will be useful for atomistic modeling of the Al–Cu–Mg system within the full range of concentration.

Unsaturated coarse-grained soil (CGS) is typically used as fillings in high-speed railway subgrade. Herein, the frozen depth, external water intake, water content distribution, liquid water migration height, and frost-heaving process were investigated in vapour migration and liquid water–vapour migration modes. Liquid water–vapour migration characteristics under gravity, static load, and dynamic load were compared. Vapour migration is dominant in the CGS external water intake; vapour affects the frozen zone of CGS specimens. The frost-heaving duration under dynamic load is longer than under gravity and static load. More attention should be paid to the frost heaving induced by vapour migration.

In order to improve efficiency and reliability of data sharing, this paper investigates D2D multicast users clustering problem based on the social attributes of terminal equipment. A software-defined network (SDN) architecture is introduced to relieve the signaling and calculating pressures of base station. Besides, a social-aware K means clustering algorithm for D2D multicast communication that includes user equipments (UEs) clustering and core user selection is proposed under SDN architecture. Both physical distance and social distance between UEs are taken into account when performing D2D multicast clustering algorithm. In addition, the power of UE, storage space, social attribute and mobility properties are comprehensive considered when selecting core user in D2D multicast groups. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective in improving system utility and throughput performance and has a good robustness for D2D multicast clusters.

Hainan of Southeast Asia has been regarded as a key area for understanding the Late Paleozoic tectonic regime and amalgamation process of the Indochina with South China Blocks that are not well constrained. This paper presents a set of new geochronological, elemental, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Paleozoic Bangxi and Chenxing metabasites in Central Hainan. The geochronological data show that the representative samples yield the 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 328.1 ± 2.6 Ma and zircon U–Pb age of 330.7 ± 4.4 Ma, respectively. They are SiO2- and TiO2-poor, Al2O3-rich mafic rocks. The Chenxing samples are characterized by left-sloping chondrite-normalized REE and N-MORB-like multi-elemental patterns. The Bangxi samples have the E-MORB-like geochemical affinity. All samples show high e Nd(t) values ranging from +5.61 to +9.85. Such signatures suggest their origination of a MORB-like source with the input of subduction-derived components. Our investigation has verified the presence of the Carboniferous metabasites with both MORB- and arc- like geochemical affinities at the Bangxi-Chenxing area in Central Hainan. In combination with the available data from the Jinshajiang, Ailaoshan, and Song Ma suture zones, it is proposed for the development of a Carboniferous back-arc basin along the Ailaoshan–Song Ma and Central Hainan suture zones in response to the subduction of the Paleotethyan main Ocean.

Mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and precipitation isotope records for the Holocene were obtained from the analysis of the relative distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios of leaf waxes from a sediment core from Aweng Co on the western Tibetan Plateau (WTP). Our results indicate that the Indian monsoon mainly influenced Aweng Co during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, when summer insolation was at a maximum, the monsoonal influence was strong and the climate was warm and wet. Both the summer and winter insolation were relatively weak, and Aweng Co was cool and dry during the middle Holocene (6–3 ka), indicating a weakening of the Indian monsoon. The southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and relatively low atmospheric methane content may have contributed to the middle Holocene cooling on the WTP. During the late Holocene, with a further increase in winter insolation and decrease in summer insolation, the summer monsoon weakened and the MAAT on the WTP gradually increased. Depleted leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios during the late Holocene can be attributed to accelerated glacier melting because of the elevated MAAT.

Volcanic rocks preserved in the Lampang–Den Chai area in NW Thailand are important components of the giant Paleotethyan igneous belt. Constraining their age and petrogenesis is critical for better understanding their temporal-spatial relationship with the Lancangjiang igneous zone and the Paleotethyan tectonic evolution in SE Asia. The volcanic suite is constituted by intermediate to acid rocks with zircon U–Pb ages of 240.4 ± 1.7 Ma and 240.6 ± 1.9 Ma for the representative andesitic and rhyolitic samples, respectively. Volcanic sequence is dominated by calc-alkaline andesites, dacites and rhyolites. The andesitic and dacitic samples are characterized by high Mg# (37–57) and TiO2 (0.91–1.59 wt%), and can be classified as high-Mg series. They are enriched in LILEs and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs. Representative andesitic samples have 87Sr/86Sr (i) ratios of 0.70398–0.70567, eNd (t) values of +3.6–+3.9, zircon eHf (t) values of +2.8–+8.0 and δ18O values of 7.01–8.11‰, respectively. The rhyolitic samples are characterized by high Mg# (38–70) and low TiO2 (0.25–0.61 wt%). They are enriched in LILEs and LREEs, along with 87Sr/86Sr (i) = 0.70468–0.70645, eNd (t) = +2.0–+4.3 and zircon eHf (t) = +5.7–+13.6. Geochemical signatures suggest that the andesitic and dacitic samples might originate from a newly modified mantle source by slab-derived fluids and recycled sediments, and rhyolitic samples were derived from juvenile mafic crust. It is proposed that the Middle Triassic high-Mg volcanic rocks in the Lampang–Den Chai area formed in response to slab roll-back during transition of tectonic regime from subduction to continental collision between the Sibumasu and Indochina blocks. These rocks constitute part of the Chiang Khong–Lampang–Tak igneous zone, and can northerly link with the Lancangjiang igneous zone and southerly extend to the Chanthaburi, Malaysia and Singapore areas.

High quality VO2 films with precisely controlled thickness were grown on p-GaN/sapphire substrates by oxide molecular beam epitaxy (O-MBE). Results indicated that a distinct reversible semiconductor-to-metal (SMT) phase transition was observed for all the samples in the temperature dependent electrical resistance measurement, and the influence of VO2 layer thickness on the SMT properties of the as-grown n-VO2/p-GaN based nitride-oxide heterostructure was investigated. Meanwhile, the clear rectifying transport characteristics originated from the n-VO2/p-GaN interface were demonstrated before and after SMT of the VO2 over layer, which were attributed to the p-n junction behavior and Schottky contact character, respectively. Moreover, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the valence state of vanadium (V) in VO2 films was principally composed of V4+ with trace amount of V5+. The design and modulation of the n-VO2/p-GaN based heterostructure devices will benefit significantly from these achievements.

The tectonic transition from the palaeo-Tethyan to palaeo-Pacific dynamic domains in the South China Block (SCB) is still a matter of debate. The A-type granites collected from the southeastern SCB offered an opportunity to illustrate this tectonic transition. This article records a set of petrographic, geochronological, and geochemical data for the Wengong granitic pluton from the eastern Nanling Range. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating shows a crystallization age of 196.9 ± 4.4 Ma with eHf(t) values ranging from +2.1 to +7.7. The samples have high SiO2, Zr+Nb+Ce+Y, FeOt/MgO, Ga/Al, and Y/Nb and are depleted in Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf, Ba, Sr, Ti, and Eu, similar to those of the A2-type granite. Their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.70885 to 0.70983 and the eNd(t) values range from −2.9 to −1.1, close to those of the Early Palaeozoic mafic rocks in the southeastern SCB. The Wengong A2-type granite was derived from partial melting of the mafic rocks underplated into the lower crust during the Early Palaeozo...

Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-synthesized graphene is potentially an alternative for tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) transparent conductive films (TCFs), however its sheet resistance is still too high to meet many demands. Vanadium oxide has been widely applied as smart window materials, however, no study has been reported to use it as dopant to improve the conductivity of graphene TCFs. In this study, we firstly reported that VOx doping can effectively lower the sheet resistance of CVD-graphene films while keeping its good optical properties, whose transmittance is as high as 86–90%. The optimized VOx-doped graphene exhibits a sheet resistance as low as 176 Ω/□, which decreases by 56% compared to the undoped graphene films. The doping process is convenient, stable, economical and easy to operate. What is more, VOx can effectively increase the work function(WF) of the film, making it more appropriate for use in solar cells. The evolution of the VOx species annealed at different temperatures below 400 °C has been detailed studied for the first time, based on which the doping mechanism is proposed. The prepared VOx doped graphene is expected to be a promising candidate for transparent conductive film purposes.

The perovskite light-emitting diodes (Pe-LEDs) with the structure of Ag/Spiro-OMeTAD/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /TiO 2 /FTO were synthesized, where the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite layer was deposited by a two-step spin-coating process. A dominant near-infrared electroluminescence (EL) at 773 nm was detected from the Pe-LEDs under forward bias at room temperature. The origin and mechanism of the EL were discussed in comparison with the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and it was attributed to the radiative recombination of electrons and holes confined in the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 emissive layer. Moreover, the corresponding energy band diagrams was proposed to illustrate the carrier transport mechanism in the Pe-LED device.

To improve the stability of renewable power generation in micro-grid, a power decoupling control based virtual synchronous generator (PDVSG) is investigated in this paper. A micro-grid is decentralized and has non-synchronized generation units. By adding energy store systems, virtual synchronous generator control-based inverter can reduce the no-inertia impact in micro-grid. However, when the inverter changes between the grid-connected and islanding modes or executes the power command, the conventional VSG control may cause the inrush current or frequency oscillation issue. To address this problem, the excitation controller and prime motor controller are proposed for decoupling active/reactive power and suppressing frequency oscillation. In addition, the proposed VSG strategy does not introduce the steady-state error. The simulated and experimental results of conventional VSG and proposed VSG controllers are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.

Nonlinearities and external disturbances, like dead-time effect, the on-state voltage drop of the power device, and load variations, can lead to tracking errors in the output voltage of dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters. To address these issues, first of all, a generic dynamic model for DAB converters is proposed, which integrates the DAB circuit model with the phase-shift control scheme. Then, an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) based voltage control scheme for DAB converters is proposed to improve the output tracking accuracy and dynamic performance. Using the proposed power model, the design procedure of the UDE controller is significantly simplified. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations as well as experimental studies on a scale-down prototype are performed to demonstrate the enhanced tracking and disturbance rejection performance of the proposed controller.

In order to cultivate professional graduate students with the view of internationalization and development, this paper has explored the bilingual education reform of one of the most important courses of the electronic information major, digital communication theory. Firstly, this paper analyzes the key issues that need to be solved in the bilingual education reform of digital communication theory course with the consideration of the course's feature, and characteristics of school and students. And then, the objectives of bilingual education of digital communication theory have been analyzed in details. Finally, on the basis of the existing syllabus of digital communication theory, the teaching administrative processes and specific teaching methodologies are proposed for class teaching, after class study, bilingual teaching. The proposed teaching system can improve students' ability of learning theoretical knowledge, analyzing engineering problems, and tracking cutting-edge technology. The implementation of bilingual education of digital communication theory helps to cultivate high-level professional talents with global views, systematic theory and engineering knowledge.

Male-sterile plants provide an important breeding tool for the heterosis of hybrid crops, such as Brassicaceae. In the last decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel class of covalently closed and single-stranded endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have received much attention because of their functions as &ldquo, microRNA (miRNA) sponges&rdquo, and &ldquo, competing endogenous RNAs&rdquo, (ceRNAs). However, the information about circRNAs in the regulation of male-sterility and anther development is limited. In this study, we established the Polima cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) line &ldquo, Bcpol97-05A&rdquo, and the fertile line, &ldquo, Bcajh97-01B&rdquo, in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino, syn. B. rapa ssp. chinensis, and performed RNA expression profiling comparisons between the flower buds of the sterile line and fertile line by whole-transcriptome sequencing. A total of 31 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, 47 DE miRNAs, and 4779 DE mRNAs were identified. By using Cytoscape, the miRNA-mediated regulatory network and ceRNA network were constructed, and the circRNA A02:23507399|23531438 was hypothesized to be an important circRNA regulating anther development at the post-transcriptional level. The gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that miRNAs and circRNAs could regulate the orderly secretion and deposition of cellulose, sporopollenin, pectin, and tryphine, the timely degradation of lipids, and the programmed cell death (PCD) of tapetum cells, which play key roles in anther development. Our study revealed a new circRNA&ndash, miRNA&ndash, mRNA network, which is involved in the anther development of B. campestris, which enriched the understanding of CMS in flowering plants, and laid a foundation for further study on the functions of circRNAs and miRNAs during anther development.

Background Genic male sterility (GMS) line is an important approach to utilize heterosis in Brassica rapa, one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Northeast Asia. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of GMS remain to be largely unknown. Results Detailed phenotypic observation of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’, a B. rapa genic male sterile AB line in this study revealed that the aberrant meiotic cytokinesis and premature tapetal programmed cell death occurring in the sterile line ultimately resulted in microspore degeneration and pollen wall defect. Further gene expression profile of the sterile and fertile floral buds of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’ at five typical developmental stages during pollen development supported the result of phenotypic observation and identified stage-specific genes associated with the main events associated with pollen wall development, including tapetum development or functioning, callose metabolism, pollen exine formation and cell wall modification. Additionally, by using ChIP-sequencing, the genomic and gene-level distribution of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K27 were mapped on the fertile floral buds, and a great deal of pollen development-associated genes that were covalently modified by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were identified. Conclusions Our study provids a deeper understanding into the gene expression and regulation network during pollen development and pollen wall formation in B. rapa, and enabled the identification of a set of candidate genes for further functional annotation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Thermal control materials are employed to adjust the temperature of a spacecraft operating in deep space. The spectral emissivity is a crucial factor in evaluating the thermal radiative properties of such materials. An apparatus, composed of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), a sample cooling chamber and a mechanical modulation system was demonstrated to measure low temperature infrared spectral emissivity under vacuum. The mechanical modulation system, which includes a chopper and a lock-in amplifier, is employed to reduce the interference of background radiation during measurements. The limitation of the Fourier transform frequency on the chopper frequency can be eliminated by setting the FTIR on step-scan mode. The apparatus is separated into two parts and evacuated by different pumps. In this study, a high quality emission spectrum of a sample is measured by the apparatus. The spectral emissivity of thermal control materials are obtained in the wavelength range of 8 to 14 μm at 173 and 213 K. The combined standard uncertainty of the apparatus is 3.30% at 213 K.

A predictive optimization method for a four-terminal photovoltaic (PV) - battery hybrid microgrid is proposed in this paper. This hybrid system has a generation terminal, a battery energy storage terminal, an isolated dc-dc converter and an grid-connected converter (GCC) for load connection. The proposed optimization method aims to minimize the expense of hybrid system operation when grid-connected. The battery lifetime losses model, the PV panel losses model and the time-of-use electricity (TOU) prices are all considered in the optimization. A simulation is performed to verify the economic performance of the optimization method. Different optimization algorithms are compared in the simulation study to get the global optimum. The simulation results shows the benefit of the proposed daily optimization method. Some scenarios tested in the experimental study shows good transient performance.

Constructing a fingerprint database using the received signal strength is a widely used solution for indoor positioning to fit the positioning result online through matching the database with algorithm. Traditional fingerprint database construction methods are time-consuming and difficult to sample in special locations. In this paper, Kriging interpolation algorithm is proposed to interpolate or extrapolate fingerprint databases, in order to solve such problems, such as large workload, long time-consuming and difficult of sampling special features in the construction of fingerprint databases. The experiment is done using the Kriging algorithm and Inverse Distance Weighted algorithm to interpolate the database with 60% sampling points as known parameter. The experimental results show that the interpolation error of the Kriging algorithm is 4.49dBm, which is 5% lower than that by the Inverse Distance Weighted algorithm.

In recent years, promising deep learning based interatomic potential energy surface (PES) models have been proposed that can potentially allow us to perform molecular dynamics simulations for large scale systems with quantum accuracy. However, making these models truly reliable and practically useful is still a very non-trivial task. A key component in this task is the generation of datasets used in model training. In this paper, we introduce the Deep Potential GENerator (DP-GEN), an open-source software platform that implements the recently proposed "on-the-fly" learning procedure [Phys. Rev. Materials 3, 023804] and is capable of generating uniformly accurate deep learning based PES models in a way that minimizes human intervention and the computational cost for data generation and model training. DP-GEN automatically and iteratively performs three steps: exploration, labeling, and training. It supports various popular packages for these three steps: LAMMPS for exploration, Quantum Espresso, VASP, CP2K, etc. for labeling, and DeePMD-kit for training. It also allows automatic job submission and result collection on different types of machines, such as high performance clusters and cloud machines, and is adaptive to different job management tools, including Slurm, PBS, and LSF. As a concrete example, we illustrate the details of the process for generating a general-purpose PES model for Cu using DP-GEN., Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures

Bisimulations are a key notion to study the expressive power of a modal language. This paper studies the expressiveness of Game Description Language (GDL) and its epistemic extension EGDL through a bisimulations approach. We first define a notion of bisimulation for GDL and prove that it coincides with the indistinguishability of GDL-formulas. Based on it, we establish a characterization of the definability of GDL in terms of k-bisimulations. Then we define a novel notion of bisimulation for EGDL, and obtain a characterization of the expressive power of EGDL. In particular, we show that a special case of the bisimulation for EGDL can be used to characterize the expressivity of GDL. These characterizations not only justify the notions of bisimulation are appropriate for game description languages, but also provide a powerful tool to identify their expressive power.

This paper proposes a new hybrid modulation mode (HMM) to eliminate the zero-crossing distortion of grid current and enable reactive power provision for a H6 configuration PV (photovoltaic) grid-tied inverter. The common mode voltage, leakage current, and efficiency for the proposed approach are also analyzed. In order to improve grid frequency tracking a novel frequency self-adaptive proportional-integral-resonant (FSAPIR) controller is implemented which reduces error for changes in grid frequency. The proposed approach provides the basis for accurately adjusting the active and reactive current without error to improve the grid support capability of the inverter. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment verify the newly proposed modulation mode and controller.

AuPd nanoparticle-decorated graphene-coated ZnO nanorod (ZNR) array electrodes (ZNR@Gr/AuPd) were synthesized via electrostatic self-assembly followed by solution reduction methods. The morphologies of ZNR@Gr/AuPd were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which indicated that ZNR was well-coated by graphene with 3–5 layers and uniformly decorated with AuPd nanoparticles (about 5 nm). UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectra were obtained to analyze the optical properties. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties were also evaluated; the results indicated that the photocurrent density was 2.27 mA cm−2 at 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, which was 7.1 times that of bare ZNR. The sample also displayed enhanced PEC stability (91.3%), which prevented photocorrosion. Finally, a proposed PEC mechanism of ZNR@Gr/AuPd was illustrated to explain the charge transfer and the role of graphene and AuPd nanoparticles in the improvement of PEC performance and stability. The ZNR@Gr/AuPd electrode shows excellent PEC performance and stability, exhibiting promising potential in the generation of H2.

In underwater acoustic (UWA) adaptive OFDM system, the transmission parameters are adjusted on the basis of channel state information (CSI). Whereas in the temporal varying UWA channels, large propagation delay leads to that the actual CSI in transmission may different from the feedback CSI. In this paper, a multi-user OFDM bit loading scheme have been proposed with Markov chain based CSI prediction so as to achieve better match of channel states for efficient resources allocation. Markov chain based channel state space for each user is constructed by initial and statistical CSI, which can make full use of the sensed delayed CSI and channel statistics to predict the CSI at the moment of data transmission. And then, with the predicted CSI, optimal bit loading for multiple users can be determined for system performance improvement. The simulation results have shown that, with the proposed method, both the single and multiple users adaptive OFDM system can achieve better throughput in comparison to employing the delayed available feedback.

The South China Block (SCB) is tectonically bounded by the Tethyan and Pacific subduction zones and the Qinling-Dabie HP-UHP metamorphic zone. Triassic tectonic activity was a key phase in the tectonic history of the SCB and in creating the fundamental framework of East Asia. The geometry and kinematics of the Triassic deformation sheds light on the mechanism driving intra-continental orogenesis in the SCB. Our new field- and mapped- based structural analysis, along with thermo-chronological dating results, reveal two-stage distinct Triassic deformations in the southern SCB involving top-to-north dextral thrusting at ~250–225 Ma and NE-trending sinistral transpression at ~230–190 Ma. Early Triassic dextral transpression is marked by WNW-trending high-strain zones and thrust nappes/sheets, which might have been rooted beneath the Hainan-Yunkai basement along a low angle, middle-upper crustal basal detachment. It transformed from a thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belt to thin-skinned Jura-like patterns with northerly-propagating deformation. Late Triassic NE-trending sinistral transpression was accompanied by a series of the parallel folds and thrusts in the SCB interior, resulting in the development of the regional positive-flower geometry and reactivation of the pre-existing structures. Such signatures, in combination with the available geological, geochronological, and paleogeographic observations, suggest two-stage (early-middle and late Triassic) intra-continental orogenesis in the SCB, were controlled by the clockwise scissor-like closure of the Paleotethyan Ocean and its interactions with the adjoining blocks including deep-subduction beneath the North China Block and limited lateral extrusion due to the obstructing paleo-Pacific plate.

The Indochina block is one of a number of continental fragments that lay along or outboard of the East Gondwana northern margin. Its early Paleozoic tectonic nature and the relationship with East Gondwana remain poorly-known. This paper shows the general geology of northeastern Indochina and presents a set of new geochronological and geochemical data with respect to its early Paleozoic tectonics in East Laos. These results reveal early Paleozoic (~485-410 Ma) igneous activity in the northeastern Indochina, which are divisible into four geochemical groups. The ~450-434 Ma Group 1 and ~485-434 Ma Group 2 mafic-intermediate igneous rocks were derived from MORB-like and supra-subduction zone wedge source modified by the recycled-sedimentary components, respectively. The Group 3 rhyolites at ~424 Ma represent the melting products of juvenile mafic crust. The Group 4 granitoids and equivalent volcanics formed at ~485-407 Ma and were derived from crustal materials with variable input of juvenile crust. The detrital-zircon age-spectra are marked by peaks at ~560 Ma, ~960 Ma, ~1600 Ma, ~1850 Ma and ~2450 Ma for the pre-Silurian paragneiss in the NE Indochina, reflective its geographical proximity to the India-Antarctica segment of East Gondwana until the earliest Paleozoic. The age-peaks of ~447 Ma and ~780 Ma is additionally given for the detrital-zircon from the Silurian sandstones in the Truong Son zone. An accretionary assemblage model is proposed for the early Paleozoic tectonic pattern of the SW Indochina with Yangtze fragments. Such an orogenesis formed the part of the North Indo-Australie Orogen related to subduction of the Prototethyan Ocean and the subsequent accretion of Asian micro-continental fragments along the Peripheral East Gondwana until earliest Devonian.