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In this work, we demonstrated that the 5-nm-thick HfAlOx negative capacitance transistor (NCFET) with optimized Al doping can achieve a minimum 33 mV dec−1 subthreshold swing (SS), an ultralow Ioff of 7.44 fA μm−1, and a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.9 × 108. The NC switching with sub-60 mV dec−1SS can be implemented from VDS = 0.2 V to 0.8 V due to an ultralow off-state leakage current. The experimental results reveal that well-controlled Al doping in HfAlOx not only reduces off-state leakage of the transistor, but also improves the ferroelectric NC effect to achieve a sub-60 mV dec−1 switching under a favorably low sub-1 voltage. This scaled HfAlOx NCFET with optimized Al doping and fluorine defect passivation shows the great potential for the application of low power logic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An online cross-sectional survey examined the relationships between the demographic characteristics, personal values, trust in sources of nutrition information and the use of convenience food outlets among middle-class household food providers in the Asia-Pacific region.Methods: The survey was administered to 3945 household food providers in Melbourne, Singapore, Shanghai, Vietnam and Indonesia in late 2013. Information about demographics, personal values, trust in sources of nutrition information and use of convenience food outlets was elicited. Exploratory factor analysis, two-step clustering and logistic regression were employed.Results: The analyses found that the use of convenience food outlets was positively related to hedonist values and trust in food industry sources of nutrition information. However, lesser use of convenience food outlets and trust in health sources of nutrition information was associated with traditional (community-oriented) values.Conclusions: Further replication and extension of these findings would be useful. However, they suggest that improvements in the quality of foods sold in convenience food outlets combined with stronger regulation of food marketing and long-term food education are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prominent finding in recognition memory is that studied items are associated with more variability in memory strength than new items. Here, we test 3 competing theories for why this occurs--the encoding variability, attention failure, and recollection accounts. Distinguishing among these theories is critical because each provides a fundamentally different account of the processes underlying recognition memory. The encoding variability and attention failure accounts propose that old item variance will be unaffected by retrieval manipulations because the processes producing this effect are ascribed to encoding. The recollection account predicts that both encoding and retrieval manipulations that prefer-entially affect recollection will affect memory variability. These contrasting predictions were tested by examining the effect of response speeding (Experiment 1), dividing attention at retrieval (Experiment 2), context reinstatement (Experiment 3), and increased test delay (Experiment 4) on recognition perfor-mance. The results of all 4 experiments confirm the predictions of the recollection account and are inconsistent with the encoding variability account. The evidence supporting the attention failure account is mixed, with 2 of the 4 experiments confirming the account and 2 disconfirming the account. These results indicate that encoding variability and attention failure are insufficient accounts of memory variance and provide support for the recollection account. Several alternative theoretical accounts of the results are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]