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Background and Objectives: The aim of our study was to test whether wide diameter (6 mm) implants perform differently from standard diameter (4 mm) implants in terms of marginal bone level and survival rate. Materials and Methods: Our sample comprised 72 patients who underwent surgery, a total of 80 implants were placed in the maxillary or mandibular molar region. Patients were divided into two groups according to the diameter of the implant, and were followed up for six years after the final setting of the prosthetics. In the test group, 40 implants with 6-mm diameter were inserted, in the control group, 40 standard diameter implants were inserted. Using panoramic radiographs, we investigated mesial and distal marginal bone levels around the implant fixtures. Results: After the first implant surgery, three implants, including one wide diameter and two standard diameter implants, failed due to lack of osseointegration. We did not note any fixture fracture during the six-year follow-up. After loading, we observed a six-year survival rate of 97.29% with no statistically significant difference from standard diameter implants, with a survival rate of 94.87%. Conclusions: This study shows that 6-mm diameter implants may be considered in the presence of adequate alveolar ridge width in the posterior maxillary and mandibular regions.

Objective. To establish a rapid objective method for detection fatigue of air traffic controllers (ATCs) to meet fatigue management requirements. Methods—A fatigue detection method established by combining a modified psychomotor vigilance test scene with the test of the percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time (PERCLOS). The subjects’ PERCLOS value, reaction time and error rate during detection were simultaneously obtained and integrated into the fatigue value. The detection time was compressed to 5 min and the result obtained just completed detection. The established method was applied to a field test at one area control unit in China. 19 ATC volunteers were recruited and divided into two groups as a test group before duty and a fatigue control group after duty. The detection results indicated that the method was valid to detect out ATCs’ fatigue from work and was suitable to control work environment. Conclusions—The rapid method of fatigue detection for air traffic controllers before duty was successfully developed, which would serve as an effective tool for air traffic controller fatigue management.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two complementary mandibular repositioning splints (SVED and MORA) designed after a preliminary patients’ posture-stabilometric evaluation in treatment for temporomandibular myofascial pain (TMP) using the Pain-Intensity Numeric Rating Scale (PI-NRS) assessment. Eighty-six consecutive sportive non-agonistic subjects with TMP were randomly divided in two groups. Forty-two wear mandibular repositioning splints designed by a posture-stabilometric evaluation, thus constituting the test group. The other 44 subjects were not subjected to any treatment, thus represented the control group. To record pain intensity, subjects in both groups were asked to fill in a PI-NRS which ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). In the test group, PI-NRS was assessed three times: before starting therapy (t0), after 4 months (t1) and after 8 months (t2) of treatment. Instead, in the control group PI-NRS was recorded during the first visit (t0) and after 8 months (t2). The Friedman test showed a statistically significant decrease in PI-NRS mean scores after 4 (t1) and 8 (t2) months from the start of the gnathological therapy with mandibular repositioning splints, (p &lt, 0.001) in test group. There is enough evidence to assess that occlusal splint therapy for mandibular repositioning (MORA and SVED) designed through a posture-stabilometric evaluation could be considered in the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain.

The δ13C value of blood is a novel proposed biomarker of added sugars (AS) intake. AS prediction equations using either a single- (δ13C) or dual-isotope model (δ13C and δ15N) were previously developed in an adult population with high AS intake living in southwest Virginia (reference group). The purpose of this investigation was to test the δ13C single- and δ13C and δ15N dual-isotope prediction equations for AS intake in adults with a lower mean AS intake and different demographic characteristics (test group). The blood samples for the reference (n = 257 for single-isotope, n = 115 for dual-isotope) and test groups (n = 56) were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N values using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry and were compared to reported dietary AS intake. When the δ13C single-isotope equation was applied to the test group, predicted AS intake was not significantly different from reported AS intake (mean difference ± standard error = −3.6 ± 5.5 g, Z = −0.55, p = 0.51). When testing the dual-isotope equation, predicted AS was different from reported AS intake (mean difference ± SEM = 13.0 ± 5.4 g, Z = −2.95, p = 0.003). δ13C value was able to predict AS intake using a blood sample within this population subset. The single-isotope prediction equation may be an alternative method to assess AS intake and is more objective, cost-feasible, and efficient than traditional dietary assessment methods. However, more research is needed to assess this biomarker with rigorous study designs such as controlled feeding.

Background and Purpose. This study established a suitable animal model of ovariohysterectomy; characterized the course and pattern of vaginal healing after ovariohysterectomy; and compared healing obtained after closure of the vaginal cuff with a novel cuff-closure device (Zip-stitch® clips) and VICRYL® sutures. Research Design and Study Sample. This prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded animal study was conducted in 27 mongrel hounds according to an IACUC-approved protocol. Each animal underwent ovariohysterectomy followed by vaginal cuff closure with Zip-stitch or VICRYL. At two or six weeks, animals were sacrificed for gross and histological analysis. Data Collection. The primary endpoint was the difference in the fraction of vaginal cuff healed six weeks after application of the closure device. Secondary endpoints included histopathologic cellular and tissue responses, including inflammation, necrosis, infection, and vascular and muscle changes. Results. In the test group, there were two distinct locations where fibrotic or granular tissue fusion between the anterior and posterior vaginal walls was observed: in tissue “captured” by a clip or in tissue around the clip. The fraction of the vaginal cuff healed was similar in animals treated with Zip-stitch clips and those treated with sutures at six weeks (68±10% vs 67±18%; P=.148, test for non-inferiority) after surgery. The test article performed similarly or better than the control article in terms of the intensity or extent of the secondary endpoints. Conclusions. Subject to further confirmation, this study supports Zip-stitch clips as a method to maintain immediate post-operative approximation of the vaginal cuff leading to healing but did not achieve statistical significance in its primary endpoint.

Objective: Investigate whether machine learning can predict pulmonary complications (PPCs) after emergency gastrointestinal surgery in patients with acute diffuse peritonitis.Methods: This is a secondary data analysis study. We use five machine learning algorithms (Logistic regression, DecisionTree, GradientBoosting, Xgbc, and gbm) to predict postoperative pulmonary complications.Results: Nine hundred and twenty-six cases were included in this study; 187 cases (20.19%) had PPCs. The five most important variables for the postoperative weight were preoperative albumin, cholesterol on the 3rd day after surgery, albumin on the day of surgery, platelet count on the 1st day after surgery and cholesterol count on the 1st day after surgery for pulmonary complications. In the test group: the logistic regression model shows AUC = 0.808, accuracy = 0.824 and precision = 0.621; Decision tree shows AUC = 0.702, accuracy = 0.795 and precision = 0.486; The GradientBoosting model shows AUC = 0.788, accuracy = 0.827 and precision = 1.000; The Xgbc model shows AUC = 0.784, accuracy = 0.806 and precision = 0.583. The Gbm model shows AUC = 0.814, accuracy = 0.806 and precision = 0.750.Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms can predict patients' PPCs with acute diffuse peritonitis. Moreover, the results of the importance matrix for the Gbdt algorithm model show that albumin, cholesterol, age, and platelets are the main variables that account for the highest pulmonary complication weights.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in determining the changes in the pulpal blood flow (PBF) during post-traumatic period of the traumatised permanent teeth. Methods: 88 teeth of 44 patients (mean age 10.30 ± 2.38) were recruited according to the eligibility criteria and divided into two groups: test group (44 traumatised teeth) and control group (44 sound and healthy teeth). The measurement of PBF was performed, using a LDF monitor. Results: The analysis of the LDF outcomes in function of diagnosis indicated that the measurements of the traumatised teeth were significantly higher than those of non-traumatised teeth (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusions: LDF application provides dentists with fundamental benefits in terms of an early and precise investigation of PBF. In addition, LDF is a useful monitoring tool for revascularization of traumatised teeth and reliable objective diagnostic indicator of pulp vitality. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number: NCT04967456).

Introduction: Active aging is a process of optimizing of opportunities for health, participation, and safety to improve the quality of life as people age. Therapeutic exercises to strengthen muscles are especially important for the elderly, and the results of such exercises are positive in people with functional limitations. The aim of the study was to assess functional mobility of people in the 3rd age of life after programmed therapeutic exercises.Methods: The prospective study included two groups of 130 respondents over the age of 65 who came to the “Centre for Healthy Aging” in Novo Sarajevo in the period from September 1, 2014, until March 1, 2015. Using the time up and go test (TUG), the basic functional mobility was assessed and it represents the minimum time the respondent needs to get up from the armchair, walk a distance of three meters, turn around, and sit back in the armchair. We tested the respondents at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the study, which lasted for 6 months.Results: Analysis of the gender structure of the control and the test groups, using the Chi-square test, found a statistically significant difference, and in the test group, there were more female subjects than in the control group, χ2 = 50.620; p = 0.001. Analysis of the functional mobility of the respondents of the test groups using the TUG at the end of the study found that the respondents of the test group needed statistically significantly less time to perform the test (8.84 seconds) compared to the control group (9.59 seconds) and test Group B (9.41 seconds), F = 4.711; p = 0.041.Conclusion: Programmed therapeutic exercise leads to a significant improvement in functional mobility of persons in the 3rd age of life.

The objectives of the study were to 1. determine the pre-test and post-test level of blood pressure among patients with Hypertension in experimental and control group.2. assess the efficacy of Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation exercise on blood pressure among patients with Hypertension in experimental group.3. Associate the selected socio demographic variables with the level of blood pressure in experimental group. Hypothesis H0: There will not be a significant difference between pre and post test level of blood pressure after Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation exercise among patient with Hypertension in experimental and control group. H1: There will be a significant decrease in the level of blood pressure after Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation exercise among patient with Hypertension in experimental group. H2:There will be significant association between post test levels of blood pressure with selected demographic variables in experimental group. H01: There will not be significant association between post test levels of blood pressure with selected demographic variables in experimental group. Review of literature was organised based on review related to Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation and Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure. The tool was validated by experts and found to be valid for the study. Sampling Technique: Sample was selected by using non probability convenience sampling method. Results: the data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. After the detailed analysis this study leads to following conclusions, longer day of intervention shows significant decrease in the level of blood pressure. Major findings show that there is significant decrease in the level of blood pressure after Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation exercise among patient with Hypertension in experimental group. It was statistically significant at (P

Aim: To examine whether or not non-secretion of ABH substances and non-tasting of PTC are risk factors exhibiting positive interactions for tuberculosis. Methodology: A total of 210 individuals comprising 110 tuberculosis patients (test group) and 100 apparently healthy subjects (control group) participated in this study. Secretors and non-secretors were determined among the study participants by haemagglutination inhibition test and Tasters and non-tasters were determined using phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste strips (0.0143 mg/strip). Results: Of the 110 tuberculosis patients, 65 (59.1%) and 45 (40.9%) were secretors and non- secretors respectively while 49 (44.5%) were tasters and 61 (55.5%) were non-tasters. Of the 100 control subjects, 78% and 22% were secretors and non-secretors respectively while 67% and 33% were tasters and non-tasters respectively. Non-secretors of ABH substances were significantly more associated with test patients than controls (X2 = 8.62, df = 1, p = 0.002). Non-tasters of PTC were significantly more associated with test patients than controls (X2=10.68, df=1, p=0.001). When combined, secretors and tasters were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (X2=13.44, df=1, p

Objective: To compare 6-months outcomes of the modified minimally invasive Ponto surgery (m-MIPS) to both the linear incision technique with soft tissue preservation (LIT-TP), and original MIPS (o-MIPS) for inserting bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHIs). Study design: Exploratory pilot study with one test group and two historical control groups. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: In the test group, 24 patients (25 implants) were prospectively included. Each control group comprised 25 patients (25 implants) who participated in previously conducted clinical trials. Interventions: The test group received a BAHI using m-MIPS. The two control groups underwent surgery using the LIT-TP and o-MIPS, respectively. Main outcome measures: Implant survival, implant stability, and surgery-related variables were compared between the test and control groups. Soft tissue status, skin sensibility, and subjective numbness were compared between m-MIPS and LIT-TP only. Results: Implant survival was comparable between m-MIPS and LIT-TP, whereas implant stability measurements were slightly lower for m-MIPS. M-MIPS resulted in comparable adverse skin reactions and skin sensibility, significantly reduced surgical time and slightly improved subjective numbness, compared with LIT-TP. Between m-MIPS and o-MIPS, no statistically significant differences in implant survival, implant stability and surgical time were observed. Conclusions: A trend toward lower implant loss rates after m-MIPS was observed, when compared with o-MIPS. M-MIPS seems to be a good alternative to LIT-TP for inserting BAHIs, since most clinical outcomes were either comparable or slightly better for m-MIPS. Upon deciding on which technique to use, larger studies on implant survival should be performed. Furthermore, other aspects such as costs, training aspects and surgical experience should be evaluated.

We aim to find a biomarker that can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM). The RNA sequencing data of CM was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and randomly divided into training group and test group. Survival statistical analysis and machine-learning approaches were performed on the RNA sequencing data of CM to develop a prognostic signature. Using univariable Cox proportional hazards regression, random survival forest algorithm, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in the training group, the four-mRNA signature including CD276, UQCRFS1, HAPLN3, and PIP4P1 was screened out. The four-mRNA signature could divide patients into low-risk and high-risk groups with different survival outcomes (log-rank p < 0.001). The predictive efficacy of the four-mRNA signature was confirmed in the test group, the whole TCGA group, and the independent GSE65904 (log-rank p < 0.05). The independence of the four-mRNA signature in prognostic prediction was demonstrated by multivariate Cox analysis. ROC and timeROC analyses showed that the efficiency of the signature in survival prediction was better than other clinical variables such as melanoma Clark level and tumor stage. This study highlights that the four-mRNA model could be used as a prognostic signature for CM patients with potential clinical application value.

This study aims to determine the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode laser treatments on IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Twenty-six generalized aggressive periodontitis patients were enrolled in the study. We performed three treatment models: “scaling and root planning (SRP-only),” “SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG laser,” and “SRP + diode laser.” Each experimental quadrant was randomly allocated to the control group or the test group. The IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay. When the baseline and post-treatment IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were compared, the most significant difference was observed in the SRP + Er,Cr:YSGG group and the least difference was observed in the SRP-only group. The use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser as an addition to the conventional mechanical periodontal treatment was found to be more successful than the diode laser + SRP use in aggressive periodontitis treatment.

Patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases often have antibodies that are directed against multiple nuclear antigens called as antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Two testing methods i.e. ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) techniques are used to detect these antibodies. Though ELISA is a cheaper method, IF is a preferred method for detection of ANA. In our study we have compared these two techniques for their diagnostic performance. Both the testing methods were applied on 155 samples. Of these, 135 samples were from test group and 20 samples were controls (negative and positive controls). Of the 135 test samples, IF yield positive results in 25(18.51%) cases and was found negative in 110(81.49 %) cases. Positive results were found by ELISA in 20(14.81%) cases and negative in 115(85.19 %) cases. Samples showing positive results with both methods were 18(13.33%) and samples showing negative results with both methods were 108(80.0%). 07(5.18%) cases that gave negative results by ELISA were found to be positive by IF. 02(1.48%) samples that were found to be positive by ELISA were negative by IF. Sensitivity & specificity of ELISA was compared with IF and was found to be 90.0% and 93.9% respectively. From this study it can be concluded that for testing ANA, IF is better than ELISA. Keywords: IF (Immunofluorescence), ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), ANA (Antinuclear Antibodies).

Locating clandestine graves is often a significant challenge for law enforcement and other investigators. A number of search techniques can be employed including visual assessments, canines, geophysical techniques, and imaging, often depending on the location/terrain, case information, and available resources. Dowsing is believed by some to be a reliable method for locating underground items of interest including water, oil, ore, and even graves; others, however, consider the practice to be controversial or even pseudoscience. Here we assess the ability of dowsing rods (wielded by previously inexperienced dowsers) to locate buried bones using a controlled blind test. Assemblages of bones were buried in three of nine holes. A control group of participants was asked to identify which holes they believed to contain bones by visual inspection, and a test group was asked to identify which holes they believed to contain bones using dowsing rods. Results indicate that neither method had a significant relationship with the true location of the bones (Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient –0.19 for the control group and 0.00 for the test group), and that there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.36). In this study, dowsing was not found to be a reliable method of detecting buried bones. Some practitioners continue to advocate dowsing or other scientifically questionable search methods, even charging investigators or families substantial fees for these services. It is therefore important that such techniques are well-understood and rigorously tested, and that investigators seek and employ methods that are appropriate and valid.

The paper presents studies on a prototype of a virtual mirror application, intended to aid the design process of individualized orthopedic supplies, such as limb orthoses or prostheses. The application is a part of an automated design and manufacturing system, relying on 3D scanning and 3D printing for manufacturing of supplies adjusted to specific patients. The application itself is divided into two parts: the configurator and the mirror. The paper presents briefly a concept, a prototype application based on Kinect sensor and studies on a small group of patients, as well as results of a survey study. Certain inaccuracies of Kinect sensor were detected in the tests, preventing smooth user experience with the mirror. However, the presented approach was viewed in a favorable way by the test group – the concept of a virtual mirror is a promising solution that should be utilized in the design process of individualized orthopedic supplies. On the basis of observations and surveys, recommendations for future development were formulated.

Background A shallow vestibule, insufficient keratinized tissue width and pulling of marginal gingiva may be associated with gingival recession, plaque accumulation and gingivitis. Conventional techniques for treatment of gingival recession use autogenous or allogenic grafts. However, these methods result in soreness at the donor site and pose an economic burden, which may cause patients to withdraw from treatment. Alternative therapy is currently not available to treat such patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in periodontal tissue at the mandibular incisors after vestibuloplasty, focusing on functional improvement of the existing soft tissue with no grafting. Material and methods Thirty patients with a shallow vestibule, minimal keratinized tissue width (KTW; ≤1 mm), gingival recession (REC) and pulling of gingiva underwent modified Kazanjian vestibuloplasty were included into the test group, whereas 27 patients did not undergo any surgery (control group). The probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession depth (GRD), and KTW were assessed at baseline and 12 months post-surgery. Results The mean KTW, GRD and CAL values improved in the test group. A significant increase in mean KTW value (1.17 ±1.22 mm, p = 0.0406) was detected in the test group, while the control group showed a further reduction in mean KTW value (0.13 ±0.45 mm). The mean GRD value decreased from 2.09 ±1.78 mm to 1.22 ±1.46 mm (p = 0.0087) in the test group, whereas in controls the mean GRD value increased from 1.95 ±1.29 mm to 2.34 ±1.44 mm (p = 0.0164). The mean KTW value at 3, 6 and 12 months compared to baseline showed an increase in the test group, and the mean GRD and CAL values exhibited the potential to improve. Conclusions Sites treated with vestibuloplasty showed increased KTW, improvement in the gingival margin and CAL gain, whereas untreated sites showed continuous deterioration of the evaluated parameters. Vestibuloplasty may be recommended for patients avoiding major surgery for which functional improvement in tissue alone would provide a sufficient therapeutic outcome.

PiekorzZuzanna,KwiatkowskiDamian, LewandowskiAndrzej. Stretching and injuries in men undertaking running training.Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(6):11-22. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.06.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.06.001 https://zenodo.org/record/4896055 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2021; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.05.2021. Revised: 21.05.2021. Accepted: 03.06.2021. Stretching and injuries in men undertaking running training 1Zuzanna Piekorz (ORCID: 0000-0002-2881-1521), 1Damian Kwiatkowski, 1Andrzej Lewandowski (ORCID: 0000-0003-0123-6608) 1Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Corresponding author:Andrzej Lewandowski, Chair Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, ul. Świetojańska 20, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland Tel./ fax +48 52 585-54-16, fax: ext. 119, E-mail: andrzej.lewandowski@cm.umk.pl Acknowledgments: The research was carried out as part of its statutory activities of the Department of Basic of Physical Culture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University. Ethics: A permission to conduct this study was obtained from the Bioethics Committee of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (no. KB 787/2014). All men were informed about the purpose of the study, type and duration of the effort, and the possibility to withdraw from the study without giving any reason. Each potential participant granted a voluntary consent for participation in the study. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Abstract word count: 339 Text-only word count: 2570 Number of tables: 3 (tables) Number of figures: 4 (figures) Keywords:running - men - running workout - competition - stretching - injuries Summary Introduction.Physical activity appears in men’s life from the very beginning of their existence, however over last few decades it has become more popular as an amateur sport and recreation. One of the simplest form of physical activity considered as sport is running. Runners very often begin workouts thinking about improving their health but it comes with a risk of getting injured. There are however a lot of factors which can prevent injuries to occur. One of them is doing stretching exercises. The purpose of the study is to validate if stretching exercises can lower the risk of suffering an injury by men beginning a running workouts. In this study it was assumed that doing additional stretching exercises lowers the risk of suffering an injury and is common in people training long-distance running. Materials and Methods.182 men who do running workouts in the city of Bydgoszcz were examined with the use of author’s original questionnaire. It concerned sociodemographic data, running-related issues, stretching and the aspects of sports injuries. Statistics.Ordinal scales were analyzed with nonparametric rank tests, such as the Mann-Withney test, while the nominal scales were tested with nonparametric tests from the Pearson's chi-squared test group. Results.It was found that the largest group of runners are men aged about 32 years, doing running workouts as a part of amateur sport. Of all the subjects, 31% of runners declared the use of additional stretching training. People running with greater frequency and volume, expressed in kilometers, more often decide to undertake stretching exercises. 70% of tested athletes suffered a running-related injury. There was no significant effect of stretching on reducing the risk of injury to runners. Conclusions.Stretching is not very popular among running enthusiasts. Greater running experience and high training loads are factors that make runners decide to use additional stretching exercises more often. The lack of significant differences in the frequency of injuries of competitors using and not undertaking stretching does not allow an unequivocal assessment of its impact on reducing the risk of injury in runners.

The objective of this research is to model the effect of increasing the freeway posted speed limit on entry ramp speed-change lane crash frequency. The entry ramps along I-85, I-77, I-277, and I-485 in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States were considered to collect data, identify critical predictor variables, develop safety performance functions (SPFs) by severity, and validate the SPFs. Data for 76 and 20 entry ramp speed-change lanes (reference and comparison groups) were used for modeling and validation/calibration, respectively. The Negative Binomial log-link distribution-based models were the best-fit as the crash data are over-dispersed. The traffic volume, the speed difference between the freeway and the ramp, and the ramp configuration are significant predictor variables to estimate total, property damage only (PDO), and non-incapacitating and possible injury crash frequency at entry ramp speed-change lanes. The Empirical Bayes (EB) method was then applied to examine the effect of increasing the freeway posted speed limit on 48 entry ramp speed-change lanes (treatment/test group) on I-485. The findings from the EB method-based analysis indicate that there was a decrease in the total, non-incapacitating and possible injury, and PDO crash frequencies at 18, 37, and 18 (38%, 77%, and 38%) of the selected 48 entry ramp speed-change lanes after the increase in the freeway posted speed limit on I-485. An increase or no change in the total, non-incapacitating and possible injury, and PDO crash frequencies was also observed at some entry ramp speed-change lanes after the increase in the freeway posted speed limit on I-485.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:15:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of an exclusively developed latex membrane, to act as physical barrier to aid wound healing, epithelization, and pain in the palate region after free gingival graft harvesting. Latex membranes were physically, chemically, and mechanically characterized before application. Twenty-four patients (age 30–70 years, mean 45 years), requiring free gingival graft were sequentially selected, and randomly divided in two groups according to type of protection utilized on the donor site, control group (14 patients)- The wound in palate was covered with acrylic plate and surgical cement only and test group (10 patients) - The wound in palate was covered with the experimental latex membrane. The palate region was evaluated on the surgery day and 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after the surgical procedure for wound healing area, epithelization, bleeding, and self-reported pain (VAS). Wound reduction between periods was calculated, as percentage. The membrane had smooth surface, high elasticity, and nanoscale porosity, as expected for biomedical application. At 15 days, control group patients presented a fully healed wound, while mean wound closure was 98.6 % in the latex group. At 30 days, both groups presented complete wound closure. Also, at 30 days, there was no significant epithelization difference between the groups, and all patients in both presented fully epithelized wounds. As for bleeding, at 7 days it was positive for 21.4 % of the patients in the control group, while it was already negative for all patients in the latex group. Regarding reported pain, VAS values were larger in the control group, although with no statistical significance. Latex membranes did not delay the healing of the palate or caused visible adverse effects (i.e. allergies, discomfort, or injury to the patient), when compared to the control group. School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Diagnosis and Surgery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology

Inserting zygomatic implants is a challenging surgery and requires special care and great precision. Piezoelectric surgery offers several advantages: more precise bone cutting with improved intraoperative visibility and a low temperature increase. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether ultrasonic instruments can be as effective as standard drilling instruments for zygomatic implant surgery in terms of clinical outcomes. Ninety-two patients with atrophic maxilla were included in the study. Implant sites were prepared with the ultrasonic technique (test group = 47 patients) or traditional drilling (control group = 45 patients). In total, 368 zygomatic implants were inserted (202 with the extrasinus technique, 77 with the sinus slot technique, and 89 with the Brånemark technique). Complete arch provisional prostheses were delivered 3 to 5 hours after the surgical operations. The mean follow-up after surgery was 24 months (range = 12-32 months). The primary outcome evaluations were based on implant survival rates and postoperative complications. Operative time and surgeon's stress were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Implant survival rate was 100% in the test and 98.89% in the control group. Postoperative complications were seen in 9 patients (4 in the test and 5 in the control group); the difference was not statistically significant. Operative time was longer in the test group; however, surgeons were more comfortable using ultrasonic instruments. Within the limitations of this preliminary study, the ultrasonic technique was a feasible alternative to traditional drilling for zygomatic implant surgery.

Objective The objective of the present study was to examine the clinical and immunological parameters in samples collected from the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of machined titanium (M) abutments compared to titanium abutments with a laser-microtextured surface (LMS) on dental implants. Material and methods A total of 40 patients with one titanium implant, half of them (n=20) provided with a M abutment (control group) and the other half (n=20) with LMS abutments (test group), were included in the study. Clinical parameters pocket probing depth (PD), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), radiographic bone loss (RBL), clinical attachment level (CAL), mucosal recession (MR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and width of keratinized mucosa (KM) were evaluated. The peri-implant sulcus fluid was analyzed for cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 via flow cytometry. Results Clinical evaluation demonstrated no significant difference of PD (mean LMS = 3.50 mm/SD 0.95 mm vs mean M = 3.45 mm/SD 0.76 mm (p=0.855)), MR (mean LMS = 0.30 mm/SD 0.57 mm vs mean M = 0.35 mm/SD 0.67 mm (p=0.801)), CAL (mean LMS = 3.60 mm/SD 1.14 mm vs mean M = 3.55 mm/SD 0.89 mm (p=0.878)), and KM (mean LMS = 2.03 mm/SD 1.08 mm vs mean M = 2.13 mm/SD 0.92 mm (p=0.754)) between LMS and M abutments. LMS abutments showed less BOP than M abutments (26.7% vs 30.8%), but statistically not significant (p = 0.2235). Radiographic bone loss (mean LMS = 0.22 mm/SD 0.44 mm vs mean M = 0.59 mm/SD 0.49 mm) was reduced in the test group in comparison with the control group (p=0.016). In the collected PICF, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α (median LMS = 180.8 pg/ml vs M = 200.9 pg/ml (p=0.968)) and IL-1β (median LMS = 60.43 pg/ml vs M = 83.11 pg/ml (p=0.4777)) were lower, and the levels of IL-6 (median LMS = 180.8 pg/ml vs M = 200.9 pg/ml (p.7 pg/ml vs M = 178.7 pg/ml (p=0.3306)) were higher in the test group, though not significantly. The levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased in the test group (LMS median = 0.555 pg/ml vs M median = 0.465 pg/ml (p=0.0365)). IL-1β showed a significant correlation to radiologic bone loss (p=0.0024). The other variables IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 had no significant correlation to radiological bone loss. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, titanium implants provided with laser-microtextured surface abutments seem to demonstrate less pro-inflammatory and more anti-inflammatory activity and to show reduced radiographic bone loss compared to machined titanium abutments. Clinical relevance The use of laser-microtextured surface abutments might have the potential to support peri-implant tissue health.

Background High-energy tibial plateau fractures are challenges in treatment with controversy over operative stabilisation, especially for fractures with metaphyseal-diaphyseal dissociation. Treatment with percutaneous or minimally invasive direct reduction techniques, usually associated with circular external fixation, has generated interest although there is no consensus regarding the type of external fixation to be used. Aim This study aims to compare the two hybrid circular external fixation mountings used to treat the high-energy tibial plateau fractures. Methods Two different groups of hybrid circular external fixation frame mountings were assembled using composite tibiae with proximal metaphyseal osteotomies simulating tibial plateau fractures with metaphyseal-diaphyseal dissociation. The standard all-wire frame mounting was assembled, and the comparison frame mounting had the distal K-wires replaced with half-pins. Both groups were tested through cyclic loading between 300 and 1000 N for 10,000 cycles. Interfragmentary linear and rotational displacements were analysed. Results The standard frame mounting behaved similarly to a classic Ilizarov frame, allowing greater axial movement (mean, 3.76 ± 0.26 mm in the standard group and 3.02 ± 0.23 mm in the test group) and smaller mediolateral displacement compared with the test frame (mean, 0.17 ± 0.16 mm compared to 0.56 ± 0.12 mm). The test frame behaved more similarly to a linear external fixator and provided greater axial stability, similar anteroposterior displacement, and lower mediolateral stability. Despite these differences, in both groups the axial displacement was greater than the prejudicial nonaxial movements. Conclusion Increasing the number of half-pins and decreasing the number of K-wires in hybrid circular external fixation generate frames that tend to behave more similarly to the linear external fixators. How to cite this article Cardoso GS, Amorim R, Penha FM, et al. Biomechanical Analysis of the Behaviour at the Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Junction of Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures Using Two Circular Fixator Configurations. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2020;15(3):138-145.

Background This study aimed to verify the efficacy of two elastodontic devices in overjet (OJ) and overbite (OB) reduction during treatment with the Equilibrator Series II (Eptamed) and Occlus-o-Guide (Sweden & Martina) devices. Method Sixty patients aged 7–15 years were enrolled in the study, and were divided into test and control groups. The test group included 30 patients (14 males, 16 females; mean age, 10.66 ± 2.12 years) treated with the EQ (Equilibrator) Series II. The control group included 30 patients (15 males, 15 females; mean age, 10.76 ± 2.52 years) treated with the Occlus-o-Guide. The two groups exhibited the same orthodontic features. The orthodontic criteria were: skeletal and dental class II malocclusion (divisions 1 and 2); and the presence of OJ and OB. Evaluation of OJ and OB was performed at two timepoints: T0 (before starting therapy) and T1 (after 1 year). Results At T0, OJ and OB were similar for the two groups; however, at T1, both OJ and OB were significantly lower with the Eptamed device compared to the Occlus-o-Guide device (p = 0.0019). Conclusions Elastodontic devices improve orthodontic outcomes by aiding orthodontic patient management, diagnosis, and treatment planning, reducing the risk relapse acting on the whole organism and the rehabilitation of the tongue.

Dissotis rotundifolia is a broad spectrum medicinal plant that has received worldwide recognition. This study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Dissotis rotundifolia on plasma glucose and creatinine level in normal albino rats. A total of 6 albino wistar rats each weighing 150g were assembled and randomly divided into 2 groups (control and tests) consisting of 3 rats each. The control group received pelleted growers mash and distilled water all through the period of experiment while the test group received 2ml/kg body weight of extract twice daily. Blood samples was collected into lithium heparin bottle for creatinine and sodium oxalate tube for glucose determination. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20. Results showed a significant increase in the mean plasma glucose and creatinine levels in rats treated with Dissotis rotundifolia compared with normal control group. This suggests a deleterious effect of Dissostis rotundifolia at the investigated dosage and thus, may not be safe for oral consumption. Hence, there is need for further studies in this regard in order to ascertain the safety of Dissostis rotundifolia.

Aim To compare the treatment planning decisions made by undergraduate and postgraduate dental students before and after training on the use of the Dental Practicality Index (DPI).Methodology One hundred and eight undergraduate and postgraduate dental students were randomly assigned to test (DPI) or control groups. The baseline knowledge was assessed in the first session; both groups were shown 15 clinical scenarios and asked to assign one of four treatment plan options (no treatment, simple treatment, complex treatment or extract). The most appropriate treatment plan had been agreed by a consensus panel of experienced dentists. The test group was then trained on the use of the DPI. In the second session, both groups were shown the same clinical scenarios again in a different order and asked to assign one of the four treatment plan options. Both groups completed the confidence questionnaire.Results Training with the DPI improved the test (DPI) group mean scores from 9.1 in the first session to 10.3 out of 15 in the second session, which was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.005) when compared to the control group mean scores of 8.9 in the first session to 9.2 out of 15 in the second session. The mean confidence score of the students was 6.5 out of 10. There was no correlation between self-reported confidence scores of the students and the treatment planning result scores.Conclusions The DPI aids in the systematic assessment and appropriate treatment planning of dental restorative problems by dental students.

A pleasant touch reduces psychoemotional stress via the oxytocin mechanism due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Our research is aimed to reveal the correlations between the subjectively perceived pleasantness of touch, the antioxidant potential of saliva, and salivary oxytocin. A total of 56 healthy volunteers aged 18-38 years participated in the study. The control group consisted of 24 volunteers. The participants were subjected to tactile stimulation using a specially designed protocol. They ranked the touch pleasantness on a scale from 1 to 10. Heart rate variability and low-frequency/high-frequency ratios from the power spectral density of ECG were determined to assess psychoemotional relaxation. Salivary oxytocin and antioxidant capacity were quantified before and after the touch test. We found a significant increase in salivary antioxidant potential and oxytocin after pleasant tactile stimulation for the participants compared to the control group. The difference in antioxidant capacity values before and after the test positively correlated with mean pleasantness in the touch test (r = 0.57) and the difference in heart rate variability (r = 0.67); it negatively correlated with the difference in low-frequency/high-frequency ECG band ratio (r = -0.59). Oxytocin ratio positively correlated with the difference in antioxidant capacity values (r = 0.47). As a result of tactile stimulation, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary oxytocin was found in the test group compared to the control group. These findings support further studies of the effects of pleasant touch on hormonal and oxidative metabolism.

Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for the detection of focal skeleton/bone marrow uptake (BMU) in patients with Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) undergoing staging with FDG-PET/CT. The results of the AI in a separate test group were compared to the interpretations of independent physicians. Methods: The skeleton and bone marrow were segmented using a convolutional neural network. The training of AI was based on 153 un-treated patients. Bone uptake significantly higher than the mean BMU was marked as abnormal, and an index, based on the total squared abnormal uptake, was computed to identify the focal uptake. Patients with an index above a predefined threshold were interpreted as having focal uptake. As the test group, 48 un-treated patients who had undergone a staging FDG-PET/CT between 2017-2018 with biopsy-proven HL were retrospectively included. Ten physicians classified the 48 cases regarding focal skeleton/BMU. Results: The majority of the physicians agreed with the AI in 39/48 cases (81%) regarding focal skeleton/bone marrow involvement. Inter-observer agreement between the physicians was moderate, Kappa 0.51 (range 0.25-0.80). Conclusion: An AI-based method can be developed to highlight suspicious focal skeleton/BMU in HL patients staged with FDG-PET/CT. Inter-observer agreement regarding focal BMU is moderate among nuclear medicine physicians.

Objective: An increase in the appearance of chest pain among children is observed globally. The authors present various reasons for their appearance. As can be seen from numerous observations, the majority of cases are not related to the pathology of the circulatory system. Increasingly, studies on the causes of chest pain in children show their association with musculoskeletal disorders.Aim: of the work was assessment of body posture in children with chest pain using the Diers Formetric 4D system.Methods: The study involved a group of 184 female and male children, aged 7–12 years. The study group consisted of 64 patients with chest pain. The children from this group were diagnosed with functional chest pain by a cardiologist. The control group consisted of 120 patients without chest pain. The study included the assessment of body posture using the DIERS Formetric system.Results: The analysis of the results obtained during the study showed that among the children with chest pain, there are statistically significant irregularities in the parameters determining body posture compared to the control group.Comparing the study group with the control group, there is a statistically significant difference in the lateral deviation of VPDM (rms) (mm) (p = 0.001). Both children from the test group aged 9–10 and 11–12 obtained higher results than their peers from the control group. In the group of the youngest children in terms of the lateral deviation of VPDM (rms) (mm), increasing the number of children under study would contribute to significant differences in this variable.In the study group, among children aged 9–10 years, there were also statistically significant abnormalities regarding trunk imbalance and pelvic skewness compared to the children of the same age in the control group.Conclusions: Irregularities in the parameters determining body posture may cause chest pain in children.

Background Postural asymmetry is natural and expected during postural assessment. Besides, there are conditions that exacerbate the difference between right and left side views, such as Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS). However, the photogrammetric postural assessment on sagittal plane is usually performed using only one side view. This study aimed testing if there are differences between the right and the left-side views in photogrammetric postural assessment of adults on sagittal plane. Methods Patients with and without scoliosis were assessed and were grouped into Control Group (CG) and Positive Adam's test Group (PAG) according to Adam's forward bending test. After screening, participants were assessed using the right and the left-side views according DIPA© protocol. Descriptive and inferential analysis were made using Paired t Test and Independence Chi-square Test (χ2). Results Significant differences were found between right and left side views to knee angle and head position angle to overall sample. The mean difference was low, about 1° on head position and 2.6° on knee angle and did not affect the classification of body segments. Conclusion We conclude that the postural assessment on sagittal plane of adults without IS can be performed using only one side view, becoming the photogrammetric postural assessment an easy-to-use tool.

Background: Insulin is an essential therapy for treating diabetes, but many patients lack standard insulin injection skills. Purpose: We developed a standard training procedure based on a new simulation tool. Then we conducted a study to investigate the effect of this standard training on the ability of diabetic patients to inject themselves with insulin. Methods: After follow-up, a total of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus were included. These patients needed insulin therapy depending on their condition and had not previously learned insulin injection. We randomly divided them into the intervention group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases). The control group was trained on insulin injection before being discharged according to the traditional method, and the intervention group was trained based on an improved simulation tool. All participants were trained as individuals or groups. Finally, we evaluated the learning effects of both groups. Results: The time spent at the training stage in the intervention group was shorter than the control group. We found that after applying simulation devices to mimic operations, the learning time for patients was reduced. The first subcutaneous injection success rate was 73.33% in the intervention group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group by 46.67%. The score of the first subcutaneous injection and pre-discharge score in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. One month later, the score for injection skills in the 2 groups was higher than that before discharge, and the score in the trial group was still higher than that in the control group. The incidence of subcutaneous fat hyperplasia in the trial group was lower than that in the control group (3.3% vs 15%, P

The conventional denture base resins had many drawbacks. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of incorporation of silver nanoparticles on mechanical properties of light-cured resin material. Materials and Methods: Specimens of acrylic resin (control group) and acrylic resin reinforced with 2% silver nanoparticles (test group) were evaluated for mechanical properties such as impact strength, transverse strength, modulus of elasticity, and deflection. Unpaired t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mechanical properties of light cure reinforced with silver nanoparticles were significantly higher than conventional light-cured resin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The incorporation of silver nanoparticles into light-cured resin increases the mechanical properties making it more stronger material.

The aim. Detect the relationship between sympathetic activity, secretory alpha-amylase (sAA) indices and mediators of the immune system in healthy young volunteers (18-20 years) with correction drinking behavior (use pure water of 35 ml/(kg body weight)). Materials and methods. A randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study, which was carried out in 3 stages (09/20/2014; 08/11/2014; 12/13/2014) into 3 groups (test, placebo and control). The material used was saliva, in which IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 were detected by ELISA and the activity of alpha-amylase (sAA) was determined colorimetrically on an automatic analyzer; the level of sympathicotonia was determined by calculating the Kerdo-index. Results. A decrease in the activity of sAA test and placebo groups to the second stage, and the preservation of this trend in these groups by the end of the study, in contrast to the increase in its activity in the control group. The ratio of IL-1β/IL-6 at the third stage (MCC, p = 0.048) in the test and placebo groups (146.66 and 111.61, respectively) exceeded (by 3 times and 2.4 times respectively) this indicator control group. In a subpopulation with a predictor of inflammatory diseases (PID) of the oral cavity (IL-1β ≥ 212 pg/ml) of the experimental group, the average IL-1β decreased to the third stage by 27% (from 247.7 pg/ml to 194.4 pg/ml), in the placebo group, a similar decrease was 31.5% (from 243.24 pg/ml to 184.96 pg/ml), while in the control the level of IL-1β remained at the same level (about 250 pg/ml), p > 0.05. By the end of the research, the Kerdo index showed a predominance in the test group of participants with parasympathicotonia (66.67%), while in the placebo group this figure was 58.33%, and in the control 50%. Conclusion. The obtained data suggest an immunomodulatory effect of the use of 35 ml/(kg body weight) of pure water (clean by the physical method) against a decrease in sympathicotonia.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. leaves soup. Methods: Subchronic oral toxicity tests were carried out for 28 days in female Wistar rats using conventional methods. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, namely, one control group and three test groups with each extract being given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1000 mg/kg BW, and 3000 mg/kg BW, and one group satellite control and satellite test group with doses of 3000 mg/kg BW were carried out for 14 days after 28 days of treatment to see the effects of reversibility. All rat groups were observed for behavior, development of BW, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine serum, ratio of liver and lung organs to BW, and histology of liver and lung. Results: The macroscopic observation of rat’s lung and rat weight ratio did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). In addition, the ratio of liver volume to BW was significantly different between the doses of 1000 mg/kg BW and 3000 mg/kg BW with satellite groups 3000 mg/kg BW (p0.05). However, creatinine serum had the highest increase at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW and a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. Reversibility effects were not seen after 14 days of the past day given Sauropus androgynous soup for 28 days in female Wistar rats. Conclusion: The given of S. androgynous soup for 28 days for female Wistar rats did not show any specific toxicity effect so that its use was relatively safe for the consumption under 30 days. This study is expected to be the information source about the safety profile of S. androgynus leaves soup consumption.

Objective: Evaluation of the potential of combined multivariate chemometric methods for seeking markers of lung cancer. Methods: Statistical methods such as Mann-Whitney U test, discriminant function analysis (DFA), factor analysis (FA) and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to evaluate the obtained data from GC/MS analysis of exhaled breath. Results: The total number of compounds identified by GC/MS in human breath was equal to 88. The statistical analysis indicates seven analytes which have the highest discriminatory power. Cross validation of the obtained model shows that the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 91.23%, while for the test group the sensitivity and specificity were both 86.36%. Conclusion: The application of combined statistical methods allowed to reduce the number of compounds to significant ones and indicates them as markers of lung cancer.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of modified crosslinking (M-CXL) in the treatment of purulent corneal ulcers, including those of mixed etiology. # Methods The M-CXL method consists of simultaneous cross-linking and frequent instillations (FI) of anti-infective solutions. We observed 36 patients (37 eyes) with purulent corneal ulcers (PCU) of various etiologies. The test group included 24 patients (24 eyes) who received 1–2 sessions of M-CXL with active conservative therapy. In the control group (12 patients, 13 eyes), only active conservative therapy was performed. # Results Complete reduction of the purulent process was achieved in 18 (75%) eyes in 29.6 ± 9.38 days in the test group; and in 8 eyes (61.5%) in 50.4 ± 15.9 days in the control group. The efficiency of M-CXL ranged from 100% to 66.6% depending on depth and width (square area) of the infiltration in question. In cases where infiltration affected the entire stromal thickness, the M-CXL efficacy sharply decreased to 66.6%, even with its small ( 7 mm, the clinical effect of M-CXL was absent or insufficient. # Conclusion In 75% cases, M-CXL showed complete reduction of PCU. Comparing with control groups, the duration of treatment in the test group decreased 42% (P less than 0.05). In infiltrations over a wide area affecting all the layers up to the Descemet’s membrane, resorbtion of the purulent focus was not achieved. However, it’s spread and purulent fusion were sufficiently suspended, thereby allowing therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty to be performed with a smaller graft diameter.

In the Anzunbaengi (Triticum aestivum) whole wheat flour mixture group, some herbs (A [white], B [yellow], C [black], D [blue], and E [red]) were added. The physicochemical properties were compared to the strong flour and whole wheat flour mixture groups. The dry gluten content of the control group (strong flour) was 13.5±0.4%, and the content in the whole wheat flour test group was slightly lower in value than the control group. The final viscosity, breakdown, and setback values of the dough were 248.4±0.8, 104.8±0.9, and 103.1±2.9 RVU, respectively. The breakdown was significantly different in the control and whole wheat flour groups. The setback value of the dough was increased by 30 RVU in the whole wheat flour test group compared to the control group by 103.1±2.9 RVU, but there was no significant difference between the test group samples. The consistency of the control dough was 500±10 FU, and the whole wheat flour test group was significantly increased to 585±10~599±10 FU, respectively. The absorption rate was about 2% higher in the whole flour test group than in the control group (66.2±0.3%). The pH of the control paste gradually decreased with fermentation time, and the results of whole wheat flour test group were similar (5.78±0.12~5.88±0.12). As the fermentation time increased, the volume of dough was increased and the result was slightly lower in the whole wheat flour test group than in the control group.

Dual localization of SLN in breast cancer patients using isotope & dye is the best-approved modality with limitations such as high cost of radioactive materials, complex logistic preparations & scheduling issues, especially in developing countries. We investigated the feasibility & accuracy of a novel technique for SLN localization using silver wire insertion or liquid charcoal injection guided by CT lymphography. 120 patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer were enrolled. In the test group, SLN was localized using preoperative CTLG guided injection of liquid charcoal or by placing a 3 cm silver wire. In addition, intraoperative SLN mapping was performed using methylene blue dye followed by searching for the SLN localized by both methods. In the control group, SLN was localized by the blue dye only. Feasibility, accuracy, detection rates, and number of SLNs retrieved were reported as well as matching between the LN detected with the CTLG and that detected with the dye technique. SLN could be detected in 59 out of 60 patients (98.3%) in the test group and in 54 out of 60 patients (90%) in the control group (P = .057). In self-controlled analysis of the test group comparing CTLG only to dye only was significant (P = .050). Comparing charcoal to silver wire in detection was statistically insignificant (P = .5). This novel method can offer advantages which are as follows: being more accurate than the dye alone, saving operative time, abandoning complex logistic preparations for the radioisotope, and solving the problem of timing.

Aim To evaluate the superiority of coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) when used in combination with a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) for root coverage of multiple adjacent gingival recessions. Materials and methods Participants with at least 2 upper adjacent teeth exhibiting gingival recession depth ≥2 mm were recruited and randomized to CAF with (test) or without (control) CMX, respectively. Mean and complete root coverage, amount of keratinized tissue (KTw), gingival thickness (GThick) and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results Twenty-four patients providing 61 gingival recessions were analysed. After 1 year, gingival recession depth decreased from 2.3 ± 0.7 to 0.3 ± 0.4 mm in the CAF + CMX group (2.0 ± 0.8 mm meanRC) and from 2.6 ± 1.0 to 0.6 ± 0.3 mm in the control group (2.0 ± 1.1 mm meanRC). No difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.2023). Nineteen (63%) of the test and 16 (52%) of control defects showed complete root coverage (p = 0.4919). GThick greatly increased in the test group (0.5 mm; 0.2-0.8 mm, 95% CI; p = 0.0057). No difference between the two groups was observed for KTw (p = 0.5668) and PROMs. Conclusion At 1 year, CAF + CMX provided similar root coverage to CAF alone, but a significant increase in gingival thickness.

OBJECTIVES To compare the three-dimensional changes in quantity and morphology following clinical adjustment of a posterior single implant crown between chairside digital workflow (test) and hybrid digital workflow (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 33 participants were included for single-tooth replacement with screw-retained crowns in posterior sites of either the maxillary or mandible. A total of 17 participants were carried to a chairside digital workflow, receiving monolithic lithium disilicate (LS2)-crowns (test), while the remaining 16 participants were fitted with CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia superstructures and hand-layered ceramic veneering crowns (control). As each crown underwent intraoral scanning (3Shape TRIOS Color, 3Shape), 3D digital models were rendered. These scans were taken both before and after try-in. Clinical adjustment dimensional changes were measured by superimposing the optical scans of models within a reverse software (Geomagic Control 2014). Adjustment counts and amounts (from vertical dimension) between two workflows were assessed and compared. Time consumption was recorded for efficiency analysis. RESULTS All patients were successfully treated in both groups. The median maximum vertical adjustment (taking both occlusal and interproximal surfaces into consideration) was 237 μm ± 112 in the test group and 485 μm ± 195 in the control group (p

A significant body of literature testifies to the effectiveness of role-play gaming and simulations as pedagogical methods in political science. Many of these studies involve students with a Western background. In contrast, little research exists on the teaching of political science in China and none on the effectiveness of simulations for teaching Chinese students. This study seeks to investigate the efficacy of role-play simulations as a method for teaching comparative politics to Chinese students. The study examined the levels of long-term knowledge retention, enthusiasm towards political science, and self-reported learning outcomes in two groups of students. A test group, students who had completed at least one political science course, participated in a politics-based role-playing simulation; the control group, students who had completed the same political science course, did not participate in a comparable game. The test group displayed significantly better self-reported learning outcomes and significantly better knowledge retention than the control group (albeit at the 90 percent level).

The English proficiency of Chinese college students is mainly constrained by their low interest in English learning. The English educators in Chinese colleges must improve the initiative of their students to learn English. This paper attempts to create a college English teaching platform based on computer networking technology. Taking flipped classroom as the theoretical basis of college English education, the author introduced the concept and development of flipped classroom, and verified the feasibility of applying the theory in English teaching. To provide the media for flipped classroom, a college English teaching platform was built on the browser/server (B/S) structure, and used to promote the information-based English teaching in colleges. The functional modules and main interfaces of the platform were illustrated one by one. The flipped classroom-based B/S teaching platform was adopted for one semester by a college in Hunan Province. The class using this platform was taken as the test group, and another class without using the platform as the control group. The English scores of the two groups were compared, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed platform. Our research demonstrates the value of flipped classroom, and the proposed teaching platform helps improve the efficiency of college English teaching.

Purpose To compare the accuracy of a chairside fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printed surgical template with that of a light-cured template for implant placement. Materials and methods Twenty standard mandibular resin models with missing teeth 36 and 46 were selected. Surgical templates were fabricated using a chairside FDM 3D-printer (test group) or a light-curing 3D printer (control group) (n = 20/group). Forty implants were placed by a clinician blinded to group allocation. The angular, 3D, mesiodistal, buccolingual, and apicocoronal deviations at the implant base and tip between preoperative design and postoperative implant position were recorded. Results The mean angular (test vs control groups: 3.22° ± 1.55° vs 2.74° ± 1.24°, p = 0.343) and 3D deviations at the implant base (test vs control groups: 0.41 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.35 ± 0.11 mm, p = 0.127) and tip (test vs control groups: 0.91 ± 0.34 mm vs 0.75 ± 0.28 mm, p = 0.150) were similar. The mesiodistal, buccolingual, and apicocoronal deviations at the implant base and tip also did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions For single tooth gap indications, implant placement with an FDM 3D-printed surgical template was as accurate as that with a light-cured template, and more efficient.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of guided inquiry-based science teaching materials (BAIPABIT) on the ability to argue junior high school students. This research was conducted in class VII of Suralaga 1 Public Middle School in the odd semester 2018/2019 academic year. The sample of 43 students was divided into two research classes, the control class and the experimental class. The type of research used is an experimental study with pre testpost test group design. Data analysis on the effectiveness of BAIPABIT on students 'ability to argue by using normalized gain indexes and students' classical completeness. The results showed that the N-Gain score in the control class was 30.77% and the experimental class was 57.57% and the classical completeness analysis showed that the classical completeness of the control class was 33.33% and the experimental class was 72.73%. This proves that guided inquiry based science material (BAIPABIT) is more effective in improving the ability to argue junior high school students than teaching materials commonly used by teachers. Kata Kunci : Science Teaching Materials, Guided Inquiry, Argument ability

Aim or purpose: Dental caries is a preventable disease that affects the quality of life and overall health. Cariogenic carbohydrates are the main cause. Proper toothbrushing with toothpaste helps in caries prevention. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of acid neutralizer toothpaste and regular toothpaste on salivary pH in a group of Egyptian children.Materials and methods: Twenty children with mixed dentition were randomly allocated either to the control or test group. Saliva samples were collected from each child for baseline pH measurement using pH meter. Children were instructed to drink 200ml of juice and saliva samples were collected. They brushed their teeth with either Colgate maximum cavity protection with sugar acid neutralizer toothpaste® (test group) or the Colgate total toothpaste® (control group) then saliva samples were collected again. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.Results: For both groups, there was a drop in pH levels after drinking juice. The mean pH value dropped from 6.90±0.29 to 6.78±0.43 for the test group and from 7.01±0.38 to 6.88±0.59 for the control group. After brushing, the mean pH values elevated for both groups. The mean pH for the test and control groups was 7.24±0.28 and 7.26±0.30 respectively after brushing. There was a statistically significant difference between the pH levels within each group before and after brushing. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups.Conclusion: Toothbrushing after drinking juice results in elevation of the pH level which may be helpful in reducing dental caries.

Estradiol production varies cyclically, changes in levels are hypothesized to affect the voice. The main objective of this study was to investigate vocal acoustic and auditory-perceptual characteristics during fluctuations in the levels of the hormone estradiol during the menstrual cycle. A total of 44 volunteers aged between 18 and 45 were selected. Of these, 27 women with regular menstrual cycles comprised the test group (TG) and 17 combined oral contraceptive users comprised the control group (CG). The study was performed in two phases. In phase 1, anamnesis was performed. Subsequently, the TG underwent blood sample collection for measurement of estradiol levels and voice recording for later acoustic and auditory-perceptual analysis. The CG underwent only voice recording. Phase 2 involved the same measurements as phase 1 for each group. Variables were evaluated using descriptive and inferential analysis to compare groups and phases and to determine relationships between variables. Voice changes were found during the menstrual cycle, and such changes were determined to be related to variations in estradiol levels. Impaired voice quality was observed to be associated with decreased levels of estradiol. The CG did not demonstrate significant vocal changes during phases 1 and 2. The TG showed significant increases in vocal parameters of roughness, tension, and instability during phase 2 (the period of low estradiol levels) when compared with the CG. Low estradiol levels were also found to be negatively correlated with the parameters of tension, instability, and jitter and positively correlated with fundamental voice frequency.

BACKGROUND The implant design and the surgical technique are important parameters that can be modified to improve the implant primary stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the apical part of an implant on the implant stability of implants placed in Type II dense bone by novice and experienced clinicians. METHODS Implants with a progressive thread design (3.5 mm diameter, 11 mm length) were used. A total of 80 osteotomies were prepared in dense bone samples (quality Type II) by two clinicians with different levels of experience (novice and experienced) under the same surgical protocol. Two experimental groups were prepared. In the test group (apical stability), 40 implants were inserted with only 3 mm of the apical portion of the implant within the bone and without lateral contact between the residual implant length and the osteotomy walls. In the control group (full implant stability), 40 implants were inserted with full contact between the osteotomy walls and the implant surface. The stability of both groups (test and control) was evaluated using a resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (implant stability quotient [ISQ] values). Statistical comparisons between the groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn post-test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The results did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in terms of primary stability between implants placed by novice or experienced clinicians in dense bone. The control group showed significantly higher ISQ values compared with the test group (P < 0.001). The apical implant stability contributed to ≈ 30% and 43% of the entire implant stability for novice and experienced clinicians, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The apical portion of an implant plays a fundamental role in the entire implant stability and is independent on the clinician's experience. However, precise implant site preparation to guarantee apical implant anchorage is recommended.

INTRODUCTION: Histology teaching in India and in other developing countries has not changed much over the past decades and has not joined the global movement of using virtual microscopy (VM). Many factors may have contributed to this academic inertia—including curricular requirements for traditional microscopy (TM) skills, assessments that are heavily based on TM, and unfamiliarity with modern technology among faculty, as well as infrastructural shortcomings. This study is aimed at overcoming these roadblocks by using a blended approach combining VM with TM in a tradition-centered curricular setting. METHODS: For validation of this approach, the authors conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with a crossover design on first year medical students at the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India. Examination scores and responses of a student group taught with VM as an adjunct to TM were compared with a student group taught with TM only. RESULTS: The test group had significantly better results when compared to the control group for knowledge-based tests (p = 0.012; analysis of co-variance) and for an unannounced visual-based test conducted 1 month later (p = 0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). Feedback collected from students showed highly favorable responses to the use of VM for teaching histology. CONCLUSION: This study should encourage Indian medical colleges and schools in other developing countries to start using VM as a supplementary approach for their histology education programs. Furthermore, as the Medical Council of India recommends the introduction of new competency-based integrated curriculum in India starting in 2019, the use of VM may facilitate more effective learning in the new scenario. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2018/04/012928 ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40670-019-00759-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This study aimed to explore the deformation of medial femoral cartilage in normal adults according to gait conditions. Overall, 76 normal adults without degenerative arthritis or a knee injury on medical history were randomly assigned into control, flatland walk, slope walk, and stepper walk groups. The control group was rested for 30 min, the test group performed flatland walking, 16° slope walking, and stepper walking, respectively. The thickness of medial femoral cartilage before and after gait was evaluated through ultrasound test. Compared with the control group, a significant difference was noted for medial femoral cartilage deformation before and after gait in all the three groups. Comparison of the medial femoral cartilage deformation among the groups revealed a significant difference between the control group and the flatland walk, slope walk, and stepper walk groups (P0.05). After a 30-min walk, the thickness of medial femoral cartilage was reduced, and a difference in deformation was noted according to gait conditions. The thickness of medial femoral cartilage was reduced more in the stepper walk and slope walk groups, wherein more load operates on the knee, than the flatland walk group.