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This paper questions Turkey’s “soft power” capacity in the Arab world and Middle East region. It attempts to analyse the role of the different actors involved in the projection of Turkey’s “soft power” vis-à-vis the Arab world. The paper distinguishes between public/governmental and private/non-governmental agents producing “soft power” and examines the interaction between them. The analysis first focuses on the conceptual framework that underlies Turkey’s paradigm shift from hard power to cultural, or “soft,” power in the Middle East. In particular, it examines the key elements of the “strategic depth” theory, or the so-called “Davutoğlu doctrine,” and shows how a new vision for Turkey’s international role and cultural attractiveness has been formulated. The paper then examines the tools and instruments used to project Turkey’s cultural power in the Middle East: in particular, the export of soap operas [diziler] to the Arab world and the launching of an Arabic-language TV channel (TRT Al Arabiyya). The author attempts to identify the actors involved in each of these strategies. Finally, the paper offers an assessment of the real impact of Turkish soap operas and TRT channel in the Middle East. It stresses the limits of Turkey’s “soft power” in the region both in terms of conceptual/theoretical relevance and contextual efficacy, and examines the impact of the Arab uprisings on Turkey’s projection of soft power vis-à-vis the region. The author concludes that Turkey’s cultural power has thus far produced limited outcomes and has had few tangible positive effects in increasing Turkey’s general power capacity in the Arab world.

This paper introduces a semi-analytical model based on the spectral analysis method for the simulation of transient conductive-convective heat flow in an axisymmetric shallow geothermal system consisting of a double U-tube borehole heat exchanger embedded in a soil mass. The proposed model combines the exactness of the analytical methods with an important extent of generality in describing the geometry and boundary conditions of the numerical methods. It calculates the temperature distribution in all involved borehole heat exchanger components and the surrounding soil mass using the fast Fourier transform, for the time domain; and the complex Fourier and Fourier-Bessel series, for the spatial domain. Numerical examples illustrating the model capability to reconstruct thermal response test data together with parametric analysis are given. The CPU time for calculating temperature distributions in all involved components, pipe-in, pipe-out, grout, and soil, using 16,384 FFT samples, for the time domain, and 100 Fourier-Bessel series samples, for the spatial domain, was in the order of 3 s in a normal PC. The model can be utilized for forward calculations of heat flow in a double U-tube geothermal heat pump system, and can be included in inverse calculations for parameter identification of shallow geothermal systems.

The results of five thermal response tests (TRTs) are presented. Three of the tests were carried out consecutively on the same borehole to illustrate the importance of allowing artificially imposed thermal gradients to dissipate prior to commencement or re-commencement of a test following testing issues. The two remaining tests carried out on separate boreholes confirm the results obtained by the first(uncompromised) of the initial three tests. The testing regime demonstrates the necessity of careful performance of TRT’s and shows the variation in costs/required borehole length which may occur if testing problems occur on site. Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology CHECK FOR PUBLISHED VERSION WHEN UN-EMBARGOING 12 month embargo from 1 Feb 2012 -- JG

International audience; In general, explicit numerical schemes are only conditionally stable. A particularity of lattice Boltzmann multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) schemes is the presence of free (“kinetic”) relaxation parameters. They do not appear in the transport coefficients of the modelled second-order (macroscopic) equations but they have an impact on the effective accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The simplest uniform choice (the well known BGK/SRT model) is often inadequate, and therefore a compromise in the complexity of the model is sought. For this purpose, the von Neumann stability analysis is performed for the d1Q3 two-relaxation-time (TRT) advection–diffusion model. The extended optimal (EOTRT) model, which relates the two collision times such that the most stable scheme is set by a suitable choice of the equilibrium parameters, equal for any Peclet number, is then developed. This extends the very recently derived optimal subclass (OTRT) to larger combinations of “physical” and “kinetic” collision rates. Next, we provide the necessary and/or sufficient stability limits on the EOTRT subclass for a wide range of velocity sets, with and without numerical diffusion, and delineate the interesting choices of free equilibrium weights for the d2Q9 and d3Q15 models. The BGK/SRT model is without advanced advection properties; we prove (for minimal stencil schemes d1Q3, d2Q5 and d3Q7) that the non-negativity of the equilibrium distribution is necessary for its stability in the advection-dominated limit. Beyond the EOTRT and BGK/SRT subclasses of the TRT model, blind choices of the “ghost” collision number may result in quite unstable schemes, even for positive equilibrium. However, we find that the d1Q3 stability curves govern the advection properties of the multi-dimensional models and a fuller picture of the TRT stability properties begins to emerge.

We analyze the intrinsic impact of free-tunable combinations of the relaxation rates controlling viscosity-independent accuracy of the multiple-relaxation-times (MRT) lattice-Boltzmann models. Preserving all MRT degrees of freedom, we formulate the parametrization conditions which enable the MRT schemes to provide viscosity-independent truncation errors for steady state solutions, and support them with the second- and third-order accurate ("linear" and "parabolic", respectively) boundary schemes. The parabolic schemes demonstrate the advanced accuracy with weak dependency on the relaxation rates, as confirmed by the simulations with the D3Q15 model in three regular arrays (SC, BCC, FCC) of touching spheres. Yet, the low-order, bounce-back boundary rule remains appealing for pore-scale simulations where the precise distance to the boundaries is undetermined. However, the effective accuracy of the bounce-back crucially depends on the free-tunable combinations of the relaxation rates. We find that the combinations of the kinematic viscosity rate with the available "ghost" antisymmetric collision mode rates mainly impact the accuracy of the bounce-back scheme. As the first step, we reduce them to the one combination (presented by so-called "magic" parameter ? in the frame of the two-relaxation-times (TRT) model), and study its impact on the accuracy of the drag force/permeability computations with the D3Q19 velocity set in two different, dense, random packings of 8000 spheres each. We also run the simulations in the regular (BCC and FCC) packings of the same porosity for the broad range of the discretization resolutions, ranging from 5 to 750 lattice nodes per sphere diameter. A special attention is given to the discretization procedure resulting in significantly reduced scatter of the data obtained at low resolutions. The results reveal the identical ?-dependency versus the discretization resolution in all four packings, regular and random. While very small ? values overestimate the drag measurements several-fold on the coarse grids, ? 1 may overestimate the permeability at the same extent. In low resolution region we provide practical guidelines, extending previously known solutions for the straight/diagonal Poiseuille flow. Analysis of the high-resolution region reveals the collapse of the solutions obtained with all the considered ? values with the average rate of -1.3, followed by their common, smooth, first-order convergence with the rate of -1.0 as the best, towards the reference solutions provided by the "parabolic" schemes. High-quality power-law fits estimate that the bounce-back would reach their accuracy (obtained at about 200 nodes per sphere) for two-order magnitude higher grid resolution. The parametrization conditions enable the MRT LBE to provide viscosity-independent truncation spatial errors.These schemes are supported with the high-order accurate boundary conditions confirmed in touching arrays of spheres.The effect of free relaxation rates on drag-force computations is examined for bounce-back and high-order conditions.Random and regular packings demonstrate identical numerical errors for various relaxation rates and resolutions.For low resolution we provide practical guidelines while high resolutions revealed first-order convergence to reference drag.

International audience; Using as a benchmark the porous flow in a square array of solid or permeable cylindrical obstacles, we evaluate the numerical performance of the two-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method (TRT–LBM) and the linear finite element method (FEM). We analyze the bulk, boundary and interface properties of the Brinkman-based schemes in staircase discretization on the voxel-type grids typical of porous media simulations. The effect of flow regime, grid resolution, and TRT collision degree of freedom is assessed. In coarse meshes, the TRT may outperform the FEM by properly selecting . Further, FEM is more oscillatory, a defect virtually suppressed in TRT with an improved strategy IBF and implicit accommodation of interface/boundary layers.

1920'li yıllardan itibaren dünya ve Türkiye yeni bir kitle iletişim aracıyla tanışmıştır. Yeni olduğu kadar etkili ve güçlü olan bu kitle iletişim aracı radyodur. Özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı'nda etkisini ve gücünü ortaya koyan radyo, herkesin olduğu gibi siyasal iktidarların, baskı gruplarının vs. ilgi odağı olmuştur. Türkiye, bu etkili kitle iletişim aracını kullanmaya başlamak konusunda, öncü ülkelere oranla çok geç kalmamıştır. 1927 yılından itibaren ülkemizde de radyo yayını yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin siyasal ortamında radyo daima önemli bir rol oynamış, özellikle, çok partili hayata geçiş döneminde, üzerinde çok büyük tartışmalar yaşanmıştır. 27 Mayıs 1960 Devrimi'nin ardından hazırlanan 1961 Anayasası ile bazı kurumlara özerklik tanınmış, böylece siyasal iktidarların etki ve baskısından uzak tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Özerklik verilen kurumlardan birisi de TRT Kurumu olmuştur. Özerk TRT Kurumu 1964 yılında faaliyetlerine başlamış, özerkliğini fiilen 12 Mart 1971 muhtırasına kadar, yasal olarak da Şubat 1972 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür. Bu dönem, Türkiye'nin siyasal ortamıyla birlikte, TRT'nin gelişimi bakımdan çok özel bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, özerk TRT kurumunun, 7 yıl boyunca ortaya koyduğu gelişme ele alınmış, Türkiye'nin bu dönemdeki siyasal ortamı da göz önünde tutularak, TRT'nin özerkliği konusunda yaşanan tartışmalar incelenmiştir. Siyasi partilerin, ulusal gazetelerin tutumlarının yanı sıra, TRT'nin kendi iç tutumu da incelenerek, TRT'nin yıpranma ve özerkliğinin kaldırılma sürecinde yaşananlar ortaya konulmuştur.

İletişim alanında, her geçen gün hem teknolojik hem de yönetim anlayışı bakımında pek çok değişim yaşanmaktadır. Radyo ve televizyon alanını yönetmek için hemen her ülkede birtakım kavgalar, tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Radyo ve televizyonun ne kadar güçlü kitle iletişim aracı olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu tartışmaları doğal karşılamak gerekir. Her ülke toplumsal yapısına uygun olarak söz konusu tartışmaları bir sonuca bağlamış ya da bağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 1960'larda dile getirilmeye başlanan değişim istemlerinin, 1990'da başlayan fiili durumlarla nasıl gerçekleştirildiği araştırılmıştır. Fiili durumun başladığı dönemde ortaya çıkan, radyo televizyon alanını düzenlemeye yönelik yasa önerileri değerlendirilerek, yeni yasanın ne gibi temel özellikler taşıması gerektiği saptanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimini beş ana bölümde incelemektedir. Birinci bölüm Türkiye'de televizyon yayıncılığının nasıl başladığını özetlemektedir, ikinci bölümde, özel televizyon yayıncılığından önceki dönemin analizi yapılarak, TRT ve TRT'nin siyasi iktidarlarca nasıl kullanıldığı anlatılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, Türkiye'deki kablolu televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimi özetlenmektedir. Dördüncü ve beşinci bölümlerde ise, özel televizyon yayıncılığının başlangıcı ve sonrasına dair gelişmelerin analizi yapılmaktadır.

RESUMEN: Esta tesis analiza el uso de dos áridos naturales - caliza y silícea- y reciclados -escoria de horno de arco eléctrico (EAE) y (RCD)- en morteros empleados como relleno geotérmico. El árido mejoró las propiedades mecánicas y térmicas del mortero. Los áridos calizo, silíceo y EAE aumentaron la conductividad térmica del mortero a medida que se aumentó su proporción de uso, no así el RCD, que la redujo para proporciones mayores de árido-cemento en peso mayores a dos. Además, cualquiera de los áridos estudiados mejoró la durabilidad frente al hielo-deshielo del mortero resultante. No se observó un daño significativo debido a los ciclos de hielo-deshielo del Mortero resultante. Para comprobar la influencia de los rellenos analizados en laboratorio, se construyeron 4 intercambiadores geotérmicos, uno por cada relleno inyectado. Los 4 tests de respuesta térmica (TRT) realizados permitieron eliminar la influencia de la temperatura ambiente en la conductividad térmica del terreno estimada, pudiéndose determinar que los rellenos no influyeron en la eficiencia final de los intercambiadores ensayados. ABSTRACT:This thesis analyzes the use of two natural - limestone and silica - and recycled aggregates – electric arc furnace (EAF) and construction and demolition waste (CDW) – as the main material of geothermal grouting mortars used in closed loop ground heat exchangers (CLHGE). The addition of any aggregate type used to the grout increased its thermal conductivity. More than its proportion of use. However, CDW aggregate water absorption caused a thermal conductivity reduction for its highest proportion of use analyzed. It was also observed that any aggregate use improved mortar freeze-thaw durability, compared with neat cement. Finally, four different thermal response tests (TRT) were performed in four CLGHE, each containing a different grout, to determine the influence of the grouting material on the borehole thermal efficiency. The TRT analysis permitted the removal of the ambient temperature influence on the predicted ground thermal conductivity. However, no significant influence of the grout used on the borehole thermal resistance was observed.

International audience; Numerical models that solve transport of pollutants at the macroscopic scale in unsaturated porous media need the effective diffusion dependence on saturation as an input. We conducted numerical computations at the pore scale in order to obtain the effective diffusion curve as a function of saturation for an academic sphere packing porous medium and for a real porous medium where pore structure knowledge was obtained through X-ray tomography. The computations were performed using a combination of lattice Boltzmann models based on two relaxation time (TRT) scheme. The first stage of the calculations consisted in recovering the water spatial distribution into the pore structure for several fixed saturations using a phase separation TRT lattice Boltzmann model. Then, we performed diffusion computation of a non-reactive solute in the connected water structure using a diffusion TRT lattice Boltzmann model. Finally, the effective diffusion for each selected saturation value was estimated through inversion of a macroscopic classical analytical solution

An introduction into the theory and experimental background of particle physics and the ATLAS detector is given. The transition radiation tracker (TRT) which is vital to the particle tracking and identification is then described giving particular creedence to the calibration. The automation of this calibration is explained. The second half of this thesis and the central part dwells on the analyses searching for beyond Standard model physics at the ATLAS detector using same-sign dilepton pairs (e±e±, e±μ± , μ±μ± ) during both the 7 TeV and 8 TeV data taking periods at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In both searches no significant excess from the standard model (SM) was seen. Limits were set on the fiducial cross-section for new physics as a function of invariant mass. Exclusion limits are also derived for a specific model of doubly charged higgs boson production and are seen to improve from the 7 TeV analysis to the 8 TeV analysis. Frågorna som partikelfysiker ställer är samma frågorna som folk har ställt under hela mänsklighetens tid på jorden, nämligen: Var kommer vi från? Vad är det som bygger upp det universum som vi ser? Hur håller allting ihop? Fysiker, historiens stora tänkare och hobbyfilosofen i pubben har alla funderat över de här frågorna (vissa mer än andra). Partikelfysiker försöker hitta svaret från perspektivet av universums minsta beståndsdelar, partiklar. Under de senaste hundra åren ha vi förstått mer och mer av de små partiklarna som bygger upp allt vi ser från igelkottar till planeter, hur de interegarar med varandra och vilka krafter som håller universum samman. Denna skattkista av kunskap, experiment och teori heter Standardmodellen. Standardmodellen (SM) har varit grymt bra på att förutsäga och förklara i princip allting som vi ser från experiment. Upptäckten av Higgsbosonen var den sista delen av pusslet. SM är inte det sista kapitlet i vår historia. Det vet vi fysiker väl, oavsett hur vacker och kraftfull den är, så vet vi att den inte är komplett. Det finns vissa frågor som skrika efter att bli besvarade: • Hur ska vi förena gravitationskraften med de andra krafterna i Standardmodellen? (Gravitationskraftens styrka är enormt mycket mindre än de andra tre krafterna: Den svaga, starka och elektromagnetiska. Därför är den försummad i SM.) • Varför har Higgsbosonen den massa som den har ? (Hierarkiproblemet) • Varför har vi bara tre generationer av partiklar? Varför har partiklarna den massa och de kopplingskonstanter som vi observerar? • Varför finns det mer materia än antimateria i universum? • Hur passar mörk materia in i SM? • Finns det någon energiskala där alla krafter förenas? Det finns oändligt många olika teorier som försöker svara på de här frågorna. Alla de teorier som försöker utöka och bygga på SM kallas för Beyond Standard Model (BSM) fysik. Vissa modeller löser mer än en av frågorna men nästan alla leder till flera nya partiklar eller krafter som borde kunna observeras direkt eller indirekt i experiment. Ett experiment som försöker besvara vilka BSM-modeller som är rätt (kanske ingen) är ATLAS-detektorn vid Large Hadron Collider (LHC). I princip är experimentet väldigt enkelt. Kollidera två protoner vid otroligt hög energi (så att de färdas nära ljusets hastighet) i mitten av ATLAS- detektorn. Einstein visade under tidigt 1900-tal hur energi och materia är releterade, så tanken med högenergikollisioner är att ju högre energi desto mer massiva partikler kan skapas. Förhoppningsvis kan vi observera en ny partikel eller kraft som en eller flera av BSM-modellerna förutsäger. LHC är begränsad av sin maxenergi (14 TeV) vilket betyder att den bara är känslig för de BSM-modeller som förutsäger partikla eller krafter lägre än denna energi. Det finns många sätt att observera dessa hypotetiska partiklar i vår ATLAS-detektor. De absolut flesta sönderfaller till lättare partiklar som existerar i SM, till exempel elektroner och my- oner. Man kan konstruera en specifik analys för att leta efter en bestämd modell eller designera en analys som letar efter en stor mängd av olika modeller. I den här avhan- dlingen har den senare metoden använts. Många BSM-modeller förutspår partiklar som sonderfaller till par av leptoner med samma laddning (e±e± , e± μ± , μ±μ±). Dock finns det inte så många processer i SM som leder till sådana par. Följaktligen finns det en bra chans att observera ny fysik om den existerar. Så min förskningsuppgift var att leta igenom mil- jarder av kollisioner för att hitta de kollisioner där par av leptoner med samma laddning observerades i detektorn. Därefter kan man uppskatta hur många sådana kollisioner man förväntar sig från processer i SM och jämföra det med hur många kollisioner man faktiskt observerar. För varje leptonpar kan man rekonstruera massan av moderpartikeln. Nu kan man undersöka i olika massregimer om man har observerat en statistiskt signifikant skill- nad mellan Standardmodellens förutsägelse och datan från ATLAS. Som jag kommer att visa i det här avhandlingen, ingen statistiskt signifikant skilljnad observerats mellan Standardmodellens förutsägelse och experimentell data. Det betyder att man, med en viss sannolikhet, kan säga att ingen ny fysik som leder till par av leptoner med samma laddning existerar under en viss energi. Så även om ingen ny fysik upptäcktes tack vara min förskningsuppgift så har vi lyckats begränsa eller utsluta vissa teorier och däremed tagit ett litet steg närmare upptäckten av ny fysik.

Desarrollo de algoritmo de Matlab para interpretación de ensayo trt (thermal response test)

The Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) is the outer most tracking detector of the ATLAS experiment. In addition as functioning as atracking detector, it is capable of providing particle identificationinformation through the emission and subsequent absorption and detection of transition radiation. Below the effort of simulating transition radiation production and detector response is discussed, withemphasis on the data/simulation agreement and tuning. © 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The 3D description of the soil structure at the pore scale level can help to elucidate the biological functioning of soil. The water-air distribution in the 3D-pore space is of particular interest because it determines the diffusion pathways of nutrients and the localisation of active soil microorganisms. We used the Shan-Chen interparticle-potential approach to simulate spontaneous phase separation in complex academic and real 3D-porous media using the advanced TRT lattice Boltzmann scheme. The equation of state and phase diagram were calculated and the model was verified using hydrostatic laws. The 3D pattern of water/air interface in two complex academic pore geometries was accurately computed. Finally, 3D maps of static liquid-gas distribution were simulated in a real 3D X-ray computed tomography image obtained from an undisturbed soil column sampled in a silty clay loam soil. The simulated soil sample of 1.7 cm3 was described at a voxel-resolution of 60 μm. The range of the simulated saturations (from 0.5 to 0.9) was in a good agreement with the expected saturations calculated from the phase diagram.

Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığı, "Halk için yapılan, halk tarafından finanse edilen ve halk tarafından kontrol edilen, bilgilendirmeyi, eğitmeyi ve eğlendirmeyi amaçlayan, ülkenin coğrafi olarak tümünü kapsamak ve ülkenin tüm kesimlerine yayın hizmeti götürme sorumluluğuna sahip yayıncılıktır?. Kamu hizmeti yayıncılığı kavramının geçmişi İngiliz Yayın Kurumu BBC'nin (British Brodcasting Corparation) kuruluş yıllarına dayanır. Bu kavramı BBC'nin ilk Genel Müdürü John Reith ortaya atmıştır. Diğer Avrupa ülkeleri de kendi öznel koşullarına göre değişiklikler yaparak kamu yayın kurumlarını kurmuşlardır. Türkiye'de kamu yayıncılığı Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu tarafından yapılmaktadır. 1964 yılında hizmet vermeye başlayan TRT, 2007 tarihinden itibaren kamu yayıncılığı noktasında birçok ilke imza atmakla birlikte; kamu hizmeti yayıncılığını özel kanallarla rekabet edebilir bir hale getirebilmenin çabası içerisindedir. Yeni açılan tematik ve farklı dil ve lehçelerdeki televizyon ve radyo kanallarıyla birlikte izlenebilirlik oranı her geçen gün artmaya başlayan TRT'nin, yönetim açısından da siyasi iktidardan bağımsız bir yapıya kavuşması gerekmektedir. Bakanlar Kurulu'nun kararı ve Cumhurbaşkanınca onaylanmasıyla ataması yapılan TRT Genel Müdürü'nün siyasal iktidardan ne kadar bağımsız olduğu kuşku götürmemektedir. Sadece iktidar değil, muhalefet partilerinin de TRT yayınlarına, kendi siyasi propagandalarına ne kadar yer verdiğini gözlemleyip, medya aracılığıyla, iktidara gelmeleri halinde TRT'de ne gibi değişiklikler yapabileceklerine ilişkin üstü kapalı eleştirileri de kamuoyu tarafından da iyi bilinmektedir. Böyle bir ortamda ve bir şekilde siyasal iktidarın veya muhalefetin baskısını üzerinde hisseden bir kurumun, mutlak manada kumu yayıncılığı yapması mümkün gözükmemektedir. Kamu yayıncısı olan TRT'nin siyasal iktidardan tam anlamda bir bağımsızlığı olmadığı sürece, şeffaf ve objektif bir kamu yayıncılığından söz edilemeyeceği bir gerçektir., Public Broadcasting is the broadcasting which is made for the public, public-funded and controlled by the people, aims to inform, educate and entertain the public and has the responsibility to cover all of the country geographically and to bring the broadcasting service to all segments of the country." The history of the concept of public broadcasting dates back to the foundation of the BBC ( British Broadcasting Corporation ). This concept was introduced by the BBC's first Director General, John Reith. Other European countries have established their own public broadcasting institutions by adjusting according to their subjective conditions. Public broadcasting in Turkey has been being performed by Turkish Radio and Television Corporation TRT. Having started service in 1964, TRT has been breaking grounds regarding public broadcasting since 2007.It has also been trying the public broadcasting to be capable to compete with private channels. It is necessary that TRT, which their ratings started to increase day by day as new channels and radio stations which are thematic and broadcasts in different languages open, be independent from the government in terms of administration. It is undoubted that how much the TRT General Director ,who is appointed through the cabinet decree and the approval of the President, is independent from the political power.It is well known by public opinion that not only government, but also the opposition parties have been watching TRT to observe how much TRT includes their political propaganda in its broadcasts and criticizing implicitly that they will make changes at TRT in case of their power.In such a case,it doesn?t seem possible for TRT which feels pressure of government and oppositon, to make public broadcasting in absolute terms. It is a fact that a transparent and objective public broadcasting can?t come into question unless the public broadcaster TRT is not independent from the political power entirely.

A thermal response test is a controlled in situ test during which a known quantity of heat energy is injected into a closed loop heat-exchanger pipe while the heat dissipation rate into the surrounding ground is monitored. Results from a test can be interpreted to determine a number of ground thermal parameters that are vital design requirements for any medium- to large-scale ground-source energy system. This paper describes the design and construction of a low-cost thermal response test rig and compares the results obtained from a test using the constructed rig and a commercially built rig in order to evaluate the accuracy of the constructed equipment. The thermal response test rig is designed in accordance with the following principles: keep construction costs low, improve the cost-efficiency of thermal response test testing by incorporating remote data transmission capability and ensure attainment of sufficient accuracy to satisfy the design requirements of ground-source energy systems. Analysis of data collected by the thermal response test rigs results in a calculated thermal conductivity of 1·9 W/mK in both cases. This value falls within the range expected for the tested geological formation and confirms the accuracy of both test rigs.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de televizyon yayıncılığının başlangıcından günümüze kadar olan süreç incelenmiştir. Yayıncılığın gelişimi dönem dönem ele alınmış, radyo yayıncılığından televizyon yayıncılığına geçiş süreci anlatılmıştır. Kamu hizmeti yayıncılığı söylemi ile kurulmuş olan TRT'nin yapısı ortaya konulmuş, siyasi yapı kurum arasındaki ilişkiler örneklerle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. TRT ana haber bültenleri incelenmiş, bu incelemeden çıkan verilerle kurumun söylemine yönelik sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. TRT haberciliğini temel aldığım çalışmada, TRT'nin kamu yayıncılığı yapıp yapmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. Haber yayınları açısından bu zamana kadar protokol haberciliğinden öteye geçemeyen TRT, her ne kadar büyük bir ilerleme kaydetmişse de bu özelliğinden kurtulamamıştır. TRT, Avrupa ve ABD'deki kamu yayıncılığı kurumlarıyla kıyaslandığında hem kurumsal yapı hem de yayın felsefesi olarak benzerlerinin çok gerisindedir. Askeri ve siyasi baskılar altında çok az gelişme kaydedebilen TRT için, hem yasa hazırlamakla yükümlü olan siyasi otoritenin adımları, hem de demokratik ve etik olarak gelişmiş bir toplum, büyük önem arz etmektedir., In this study, we reviewed the history of television broadcasting in Turkey from the beginning to the present. Developmental stages in digital broadcasting have also been mentioned. The process of evolution in broadcasting with passage from radio broadcasting to television broadcasting was described. The structure of TRT which was set up with the aim of public service broadcasting was demonstrated with examples to explain the relationship between corporate and political structure. Main news bulletins presented in TRT were examined. Data obtained as a result of this analysis were used to draw conclusions about the discourse of the corporate. This study which dwells upon TRT broadcasting seeks to reveal whether TRT does public broadcasting. TRT which cannot go beyond protocol journalism in terms news broadcasting cannot get rid of this character, tough it has made steps forward recently. Compared with its European and US counterparts, TRT falls far short in terms of both corporate structure and philosophy of broadcasting. Steps to be taken by the political authority to pass new laws and ethically, democratically and financially developed society are crucial for TRT which has developed very little under military and political pressures up to now.

Introduction: Tinnitus is a major symptom in medical daily practice with a prevalence in general population estimated to be around 1O to 15%. Nearly 2O% of these persons report significant impact of tinnitus in their lives with interference in personal, professional and social functioning, forcing them to search health care advice. The usual specialized management, as done by otolaryngologists, does not include a psychosomatic evaluation in the initial assessment, as there is not enough scientific evidence to justify such intervention.Hypothesis: Chronic tinnitus sufferers, with great impact on quality of life, will benefit from a combined interdisciplinary approach with both otolaryngological and psychosomatic inter- ventions (IMPETUS Protocol).Methods: Portuguese version of Mini-TQ (Mini-TQ-pv) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), from O to 1O, were administered consecutively to the first 55 patients assessed for the first time with chronic tinnitus (> 6 mo) in the Tinnitus Outpatient Clinic of the Otolaryngology Department. Patients with Mini-TQ-pv scores above 7I24 were randomly divided in two branches - one group was referred to Psychosomatic evaluation while the other kept the exclusive Otolaryngological intervention.For comparison of quantitative variables in the same subgroup of the sample it was used the non parametric test of Wilcoxon.Results: The sample consisted of 55 patients, 34 women and 21 men. Mean age was 62,18 years (range, 38-82 yr). Initial Mini-TQ-pv and VAS scores were respectively 14,65±5,595 and 5,93±1,73O. In the group of patients submitted to the combined interdisciplinary (otolaryngological and psychosomatic) approach there was a statistically significative reduction of the Mini-TQ-pv scores (16,74±4,7O3 to 14,O7±5,158, p 6 meses) que recorreram à Consulta de Acufenos. Os doentes com score no Mini-TQ-pv superior a 7/24 foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: um grupo de doentes foi referenciado à Consulta de Medicina Psicossomática e depois reavaliado por ORL e o outro grupo recebeu apenas o tratamento habitual da Consulta de Acufenos de ORL. Para comparação de variáveis quantitativas no mesmo subgrupo da amostra usou-se o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon.Resultados: A população estudada consistiu em 55 indivíduos, 21 do sexo masculino e 34 do sexo feminino, com uma média de idades de 62,18 anos (38 a 82 anos), e scores iniciais de Mini-TQ de 14,65±5,595 e VAS de 5,93±1,730.Verificou-se uma diminuição do score do Mini-TQ (16,74±4,703 para 14,07±5,158) e da intensidade dos acufenos em VAS (6,15±1,791 para 5,37±1,690) estatisticamente significativa (p

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2010, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2010, Türk halk müziği alanında, gerek resmi kurumlar ve gerk özel kişisel derleme çalışmaları yapılarak, kültür mirasamızın bugünlere kadar ulaşması sağlanmıştır. Halkın bu önemli değerlerinin kaybolması önemli ölçüde engellenmiştir. Üzerinde titizlikle durulması gereken önemli bir noktada, derlenen bu mirasın korunması, kayıt altına alınmasıdır. Ezgilerin kayıt altına alınması aşamasında, müzik, söz, usül, çalgı, ses (şan) unsurlarının çok dikketlice incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Ne yazıkki çok önemli üstadlar tarafından derlenen ve notaya alınan eserlerde dahi bazı yanlışlıkların olduğu görülmektedir. Bu da o zamanki bilgi, teknolojik şartlar ve eğitimle ilgilidir. Yaptığımız çalışmada; kişiler değil eserler dikkate alınarak Türk halk müziğimize, bilimsel bir bakış açısı getirilmiştir. Bu araştırmamızda farlı bölgelerden 48 eser seçilerek taranmış, usül, söz, ezgi yanlışlıkları anlaşılır bir dille anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. THM repertuarındaki usül sıkıntıları, TRT sanatçıları, konservatuarlar ve öğretim elemenları tarafından da kabul edilmektedir. Yıllardır TRT Kurumu, bir okul ve en önemli icra merkezi olarak kabul edildiğinden, bu kurumdaki kayıtlarda, en önemli referans kaynağı olumştur. Ancak bu önemli kurumda çok ciddi kayıt hatalarını (nota, CD) titizlikle incelemeden, bunları gerek nota ve gerek CD haline getirerek, yanlışlıkların tüm ülkeye dağılmasına sebep olmuştur. TRT Kurumu gibi konservatuarlarda bu konuya titizlikle eğilememiş, sorunlu notaları düzeltip yayınlamaya geçememişlerdir. TRT THM repertuarının çoğunda usül hatası yoktur. Ancak bu, diğerlerini de göz ardı etmemizi sağlamamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda görülecektir ki; her eser en ince ayrıntısına göre, yöresel özelliklerde dikkate alınarak analiz edilmiş, önemli bulgulara ulaşılmış ve çözüm yolları anlatılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın alanla uğraşan kişi ve kurumlara yararlı olmasını dilerim., It is provided to continue our cultural heritage until today by composition studies that were made by government agencies and also by private and personnel studies on the area of Turkish folk music. Loosing of these important values of public were significantly prevented. Protection of these compositions that are our heritage and taking them under records are important subjects that must be paid great attention. Music, words, style, instruments and sound (voice) elements must be examined carefully during process of taking tunes under record. Unfortunately, some failures are seen even in works that are prepared and taken to musical note by very important masters. This is related with information, technologic conditions and education of that period. In our study; we brought a scientific approach to our Turkish folk music by taking works into condition instead of persons. In this study, 48 works from different areas were examined and their style, word and tune failures were tried to be explained with a straightforward language. Type problems in THM (Turkish Folk Music) are also accepted by TRT artists, conservatory and instructors. As TRT has been accepted as a school and the most important performance centre for years, the records in this institution was taken as the most important source of reference. But making musical notes and CD without examining these records which have serious record failures (note, CD) in this important institution has caused to widen failures to whole country. Conservatories also did not pay enough attention to this subject like TRT and did not correct the failures and published them. There is not a style failure in most of TRT THM repertory. But this causes us to ignore others too. As you will see at the end of our study, each work was analysed in a detailed way by focusing on regional features, and so important findings were achieved and their solution ways were explained. We hope this study will be useful for person/institutions that are interests in the area., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000437, 1920'li yıllardan itibaren dünya ve Türkiye yeni bir kitle iletişim aracıyla tanışmıştır. Yeni olduğu kadar etkili ve güçlü olan bu kitle iletişim aracı radyodur. Özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı'nda etkisini ve gücünü ortaya koyan radyo, herkesin olduğu gibi siyasal iktidarların, baskı gruplarının vs. ilgi odağı olmuştur. Türkiye, bu etkili kitle iletişim aracını kullanmaya başlamak konusunda, öncü ülkelere oranla çok geç kalmamıştır. 1927 yılından itibaren ülkemizde de radyo yayını yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin siyasal ortamında radyo daima önemli bir rol oynamış, özellikle, çok partili hayata geçiş döneminde, üzerinde çok büyük tartışmalar yaşanmıştır. 27 Mayıs 1960 Devrimi'nin ardından hazırlanan 1961 Anayasası ile bazı kurumlara özerklik tanınmış, böylece siyasal iktidarların etki ve baskısından uzak tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Özerklik verilen kurumlardan birisi de TRT Kurumu olmuştur. Özerk TRT Kurumu 1964 yılında faaliyetlerine başlamış, özerkliğini fiilen 12 Mart 1971 muhtırasına kadar, yasal olarak da Şubat 1972 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür. Bu dönem, Türkiye'nin siyasal ortamıyla birlikte, TRT'nin gelişimi bakımdan çok özel bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, özerk TRT kurumunun, 7 yıl boyunca ortaya koyduğu gelişme ele alınmış, Türkiye'nin bu dönemdeki siyasal ortamı da göz önünde tutularak, TRT'nin özerkliği konusunda yaşanan tartışmalar incelenmiştir. Siyasi partilerin, ulusal gazetelerin tutumlarının yanı sıra, TRT'nin kendi iç tutumu da incelenerek, TRT'nin yıpranma ve özerkliğinin kaldırılma sürecinde yaşananlar ortaya konulmuştur., World and Turkiye met a new mass communication tool in 1920's. This new and also powerful tool was radio. Especially during World War II radio showed its effects and power, and so, it became the focus of interests of parties-in-power, compression groups etc. Turkiye was not so late to start to use this mass communicaton tool as compared to countries which used it primari-ly. Since 1927, radio have been listened in our country. Radio has always have an important role in political state of Turkiye. Especially during the passage to multi-political parties life there was great arguments on radio. After the revolution in May 27, 1960, a new constitution was prepared in 1961, with which, autonomy was giyen to some organizations. By this autono-my, those organizations were tried to be kept from the pressure of parties-in-power. TRT was one of these organizations. Autonom TRT organization started to work in 1964 and had its autonomy until the memorandum on March 12, 1971, in application. But legally, its autonomy continued until February 1972. This period has an important role, together with Turkiye's politi-cal state, for the development of TRT. In this study the development of autonom TRT during this seven years was followed, and also by considering the political state of Turkiye during this peri-od, the discusions about the autonomy of TRT were examined. Besides the behaviors of political parties and national newspapers, the internal behavior of TRT was also examined, and so, the deformation and completion of autonomy stages were stated by this study.

To detect particles produced in a collision, the particles must interact in some way with the detector matter. This interaction disturbs the particles and the optimum would be to have complete vacuum in the detectors but with vacuum in the detectors there is nothing that can register the particles. Therefore the amount of material must be minimised within the detectors. The positioning of the detecting elements must often be extremely accurate. The tolerances in stability and position of the detecting elements in modern particle detectors are usually in the order of a few micro meters. These extreme requirements in stiffness and low mass of the structures often leads to well optimised light weight supporting structures. This thesis is a study of the mechanical behaviour of the supporting structures in two types of particle detectors. The first part is a study of the deformation of wheels in the TPC of the HARP project. The second part of the thesis is a static and dynamical study of the barrel support structure in the TRT that is a inner part of the large ATLAS detector which will begin to run in 2005. Validerat; 20101217 (root)

Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000420, İletişim alanında, her geçen gün hem teknolojik hem de yönetim anlayışı bakımında pek çok değişim yaşanmaktadır. Radyo ve televizyon alanını yönetmek için hemen her ülkede birtakım kavgalar, tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Radyo ve televizyonun ne kadar güçlü kitle iletişim aracı olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu tartışmaları doğal karşılamak gerekir. Her ülke toplumsal yapısına uygun olarak söz konusu tartışmaları bir sonuca bağlamış ya da bağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 1960'larda dile getirilmeye başlanan değişim istemlerinin, 1990'da başlayan fiili durumlarla nasıl gerçekleştirildiği araştırılmıştır. Fiili durumun başladığı dönemde ortaya çıkan, radyo televizyon alanını düzenlemeye yönelik yasa önerileri değerlendirilerek, yeni yasanın ne gibi temel özellikler taşıması gerektiği saptanmaya çalışılmıştır., From the point of technological developments and administirative approaches, many changes have been observed from day to day. To manage broadcasting, there are many arguments in almost all countries. These arguments may be accepted as natural when consider the powerful-ness of mass communication tools in broadcasting. Each country has solved or tried to solve such arguments such that, solutions are suitable to the pablic structures. Some changing demands for broadcasting were started to be said in 1960; in Turkey, in this study, how there demands were supplied with de facto (without a legal regulation), started in 1990's, were researched. Legislation proposals, related to the regulation of broadcasting, that were proposed during de facto periods were examined and the required properties of the new legislation were tried to be determined in this study.

Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000391, Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimini beş ana bölümde incelemektedir. Birinci bölüm Türkiye'de televizyon yayıncılığının nasıl başladığını özetlemektedir, ikinci bölümde, özel televizyon yayıncılığından önceki dönemin analizi yapılarak, TRT ve TRT'nin siyasi iktidarlarca nasıl kullanıldığı anlatılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, Türkiye'deki kablolu televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimi özetlenmektedir. Dördüncü ve beşinci bölümlerde ise, özel televizyon yayıncılığının başlangıcı ve sonrasına dair gelişmelerin analizi yapılmaktadır., This study examines the development of TV broadcasting in Turkey, in five main parts. The first part provides brief infornation about how TV broadcasting started in Turkey. The period before private broadcasting is analysed ili the second part, providing information regarding the public radio and television institution, TRT (The Radio and Television Institution of Turkey), and how it has been used as a medium of propaganda by the governments. The third port summarizes the cable TV brodcasting in Turkey. The forth and the fifth parts analyse how private TV broadcasting started and the developments therealter.

Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Konzeption und Realisierung des hybriden FPGA/CPU-basierten Prozessorsystems ATLANTIS als Triggerprozessor für das geplante ATLAS-Experiment am CERN. Auf der Basis von CompactPCI wird eine enge Verknüpfung zwischen einem Multi-FPGA-System und einer Standard-CPU umgesetzt. Das System ist in der Rechenleistung skalierbar und flexibel nutzbar. Dies wird durch die Aufteilung in spezifische FPGA-Boards für die Algorithmenausführung und I/O-Funktionalität und durch einen integrierten Privat-Bus erreicht. Die Untersuchungen mit dem ATLANTIS-System beziehen sich auf zwei Kernstellen der 2. Triggerstufe (LVL2). Zum einen soll die Ausführung zeitkritischer B-Physik-Triggeralgorithmen beschleunigt werden. Der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit als Funktionsnachweis durchgeführte Benchmark des Full-Scan-TRT-Algorithmus hat gezeigt, daß die Ausführung gegenüber einer Standard-CPU um einen Faktor 5.6 beschleunigt werden kann. Als zweite ATLAS-Anwendung werden mit dem ATLANTIS-System Studien zu den Readout-Systemen durchgeführt. Für Untersuchungen im LVL2-Prototypensystem ist eine dauerhafte Installation des ATLANTIS-Systems am CERN vorgesehen. Der universelle Charakter von ATLANTIS zeigt sich in weiteren Anwendungen, die für das System entwickelt werden und deren Umsetzung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit unterstützt wurde: Das sind Triggeraufgaben bei Experimenten an der GSI/Darmstadt, die beschleunigte Ausführung von 2D/3D-Bildverarbeitungsanwendungen und die Simulation von N-Körper-Systemen in der Astrophysik. Die Anwendungsentwicklung kann mit der standardisierten Hardwarebeschreibungssprache VHDL durchgeführt werden. Alternativ dazu kann die in Mannheim entwickelte Sprache CHDL benutzt werden. Die Entwicklungs-Tools werden durch das ATLANTIS-Betriebssystem ergänzt., This thesis describes the conception and implementation of the hybrid FPGA/CPU based processing system ATLANTIS as trigger processor for the proposed ATLAS experiment at CERN. CompactPCI provides the close coupling of a multi FPGA system and a standard CPU. The system is scalable in computing power and flexible in use due to its partitioning into dedicated FPGA boards for computation, I/O tasks and a private communication. Main focus of the research activities based on the usage of the ATLANTIS system are two areas in the second level trigger (LVL2). First, the acceleration of time critical B physics trigger algorithms is the major aim. The execution of the full scan TRT algorithm on ATLANTIS, which has been used as a demonstrator, results in a speedup of 5.6 compared to a standard CPU. Next, the ATLANTIS system is used as a hardware platform for research work in conjunction with the ATLAS readout systems. For further studies a permanent installation of the ATLANTIS system in the LVL2 application testbed is forseen. The versatility of the system appears in the various applications which are planned or already implemented: These are trigger applications in the field of heavy ions physics experiments at the GSI/Darmstadt, 2D/3D image processing applications and n-body simulation in astrophysics. Application development for ATLANTIS can be done either by using the standardised hardware description language VHDL. And it is alternatively supported by CHDL, a programming system developed at Mannheim. The ATLANTIS operating system supplements the software tools.

The study treats the advantage of using a mobile equipment for measuring the thermal resistance in a borehole, to determine the thermal properties of the entire borehole system. Suggestions for further development of the equipment are given in the study. The equipment is technically very simple. It basically consists of a pump, a heater and temperature sensors for measuring inlet and outlet temperature of the borehole. The equipment is set up on a small trailer to make it easily transported between boreholes. The response test takes one week to execute, so the test is fully automatized. The equipment has been tested at two cooling systems for telephone stations in Stockholm, and the results from the measurement accurately estimate the thermal properties of the borehole systems. The mobile equipment for a thermal response test is a valuable tool for improving the economical potental of underground thermal energy systems. Validerat; 20101217 (root)

TRTViewer is the dedicated software tool for monitoring of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) performance at dif- ferent electronics levels: individual channels, readout chips or electronic boards. It can use several sources of input information – from direct DAQ stream or raw data files to ROOT files with processed analysis histograms. Using TRTViewer one can quickly estimate the TRT operational parameters – occupancy, efficiency, timing, reveal problematic regions with noisy, dead or inefficient channels, check calibration uniformity, etc. This tool is widely used by shifters in ATLAS Control Room and also by TRT experts during electronics installation, tuning, operation control and express-offline data analysis.

Flow through porous media at low Reynolds numbers has been studied in detail with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for applications such as groundwater flow, pollution transport or adsorption processes. In contrast to that, medium to high Reynolds number flow through porous media, which occurs in many areas of industrial engineering, has not yet widely been investigated on a microscopic level by detailed numerical simulations.In this paper, we focus on air flow through a porous medium, because our far goal entails the simulation of acoustic excitations from the turbulent flow leaving the porous medium. We validate the LBM at Reynolds numbers beyond the limit of Darcy's law, and compare the results of direct numerical simulation with those achieved by applying a Smagorinsky-type large eddy turbulence model. For this, we performed flow simulations through a generic (periodic) porous medium at a variety of resolutions to investigate the effect of LES modelling at lower mesh sizes, where the subgrid scale effects become important.