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This study explores the variety of income generating activities, along with corresponding distances that homeless and marginally housed persons travel to engage in the activities. Altogether 24 individuals are interviewed, and ethnographic field observations occur over several months to increase rapport. The qualitatively gathered data were used in ArcGIS to calculate travel distances. These income generating activities that persons engaged in were commonly forms of shadow work; the varied types of income generating activities and corresponding mobility considerations are discussed.

Valerie Tagwira’s debut novel The Uncertainty of Hope, set in Harare in 2005, depicts the city on the brink of collapse, characterized by the effects of economic crisis and political violence against the urban poor. Political marginalization of the working classes and gender-based violence intersect and diminish the prospects for the social and spatial mobility of the urban poor. In this article I apply the lens of flânerie to the pedestrian movements of Tagwira’s protagonist Onai Moyo, an impoverished woman who makes a living by selling vegetables on Harare’s streets. In order to make a case for Onai’s ‘flânerie against all odds’, I revisit Walter Benjamin’s theorization as well as recent scholarly engagements with flânerie in non-European settings. By giving her protagonist a gaze traditionally associated with a European middle-class urbanity of the 19th century, Tagwira expands a tradition of city writing/walking and, like other contemporary engagements with flânerie, also breathes new life into a concept often pronounced inappropriate or unproductive for readings of non-European literature.

The Compendium Isotoporum Medii Aevi (CIMA) gathers more than 50 000 isotopic measurements for bioarchaeological samples located within Europe and its margins dating between AD 500–1500. This volume of isotopic data, together with collected supporting information, offers multiple research opportunities. This is illustrated here using novel Bayesian modelling methods on selected case studies to reconstruct medieval human lifeways (i.e. human subsistence, spatial mobility), animal management practices, and paleo-environmental conditions. We also discuss how the integration of isotopic data with other types of archaeological and historical data can improve our knowledge of historical developments throughout medieval Europe.

Location-aware information is now commonplace, as the ubiquity and pervasiveness of technology enabled its generation and storage at large scale. These data constitute a rich representation of entities’ whereabouts and behavior as they move on the map. Although several studies reported considerable predictability of such mobility patterns, several factors may impose significant changes on moving behavior. Being able to detect these changes can benefit several applications. In this article, we formalize and address the problem of detecting mobility drifts in mobility patterns. This problem is particularly challenging due to the noisy and incomplete nature of the data. We design non-parametric tests and present two algorithms to detect mobility drifts when the putative drift point is known in advance and there is no previous knowledge about the existence of potential changes, and we need to search for the most likely drift point rigorously. To evaluate our algorithms, we perform an extensive experimental study with real-world data coming from a variety of scenarios, such as geo-tagged social media data and GPS traces of connected vehicles. The results show the effectiveness of our algorithms, being able to identify existing drift points on spatial mobility patterns correctly.

In the past few years, the transport infrastructure of Sudan has radically changed. New roads, transport hubs, or means of transport have had a significant impact on the culture of travelling, and many of the older institutions connected with the phenomenon are things of the past now. One of those dying out phenomena is ferry crossing on the Nile. It was not long ago that a ferry was the basic means of transport throughout the riverine area of Sudan. It was the way of transporting people and goods, both along the river and across it. Today, because of the new era of modern motorways and bridges, its time is coming to an end. What can we learn about the Sudanese travel practices from the perspective of the Nile ferry? This is a fundamental question I will provide an answer to. In the paper I refer to the field observations made in the Northern Sudan in the village of ad Ghaddar in 2013.

The proposed material is devoted to the sociological analysis of spatial mobility of students of a large industrial city. The article attempts to determine the theoretical and methodological boundaries of spatial mobility and fit it into the modern sociological discourse. Spatial mobility as an individually designed and socially determined phenomenon is associated with the process of constructing identity. Spatial identity is a dynamic nonlinear process, because, firstly, an individual simultaneously acts as a representative of different in composition, number and properties social groups and communities (including virtual); secondly, in the context of globalization and the expansion of cosmopolitan ideology, the coordinates and boundaries of space as the fundamental basis of the individual's self-consciousness are blurred. The authors of the article focus on the study of factors and conditions that determine the readiness for mobility, the choice of the vector of spatial movement, as well as the evaluation of the attractiveness of the city as a place of residence and the implementation of students needs. The researchers characterize the dialectical and multifaceted choice of the desired and ideal place for young people to live, which becomes the basis for the participation of cities in the global competition for human resources. The lack of competitive advantages (opportunities for professional and personal self-realization, favorable environment, high income level of citizens, quality of life, developed leisure infrastructure) becomes a factor in the outflow of young people to more attractive areas. The authors use the materials of a sociological study (2019), the object of which were the students of Ekaterinburg. Based on a standardized survey of students attended by 250 people (101 boys and 149 girls), as well as 8 in-depth interviews with 4 girls and 4 boys, the paper argues that the factors of attractiveness of the city are conditions conducive to upward vertical mobility. The most attractive factors for choosing the vector of spatial mobility are economic (including professional), environmental and social and cultural stability, which creates conditions for the successful implementation of life plans, manifestations of initiative and innovative activity. Choosing a city for the realization of their interests, students are guided by the ability of the territory to provide opportunities for informal interaction and freedom in the choice of everyday practices. These indicators form the basis for the formation of spatial identity through the symbolization of places, urban events and the experience of "collision" with the city.

This article—based on a national data set ( N = 173)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual homicides and their spatial mobility. The study combines the location of the crime scene and the offenders and victims’ residences in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the homicides fall within the categories of offender mobility and total mobility. Our results show the validity of the distance decay function, with over 70% of homicides occurring within 10 km of the offender’s residence. It appears that under certain circumstances, sexual murderers perceive their surroundings as a safe place to commit a homicide. Finally, the study proposes a four-category spatial typology of sexual homicide.

Altres ajuts: German Research Foundation (VI 711/1-1)4) BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that spatial mobility has an impact on and is driven by family dynamics and gender relations. In contexts where family diversity and complexity have increased and gender inequalities persist, it is particularly urgent that we advance our understanding of decisions regarding spatial mobility and of its patterns and outcomes, in relation to families and gender. CONTRIBUTION: This special collection highlights the importance of and presents novel findings on the interplay between spatial mobility, family dynamics, and gender relations. It unites new research perspectives that expand existing horizons with rigorous and innovative empirical studies. Contributions to this special collection deal with a number of underresearched areas that include, but are not restricted to, non-coresident family ties and gender differences in willingness to move, circular mobility patterns, and the nonlabour market outcomes of family migration. The insights contained in the articles in this collection not only clarify concrete associations but also offer roadmaps for revealing the mechanisms that explain them.

The role of the spatial mobility of skilled individuals and knowledge workers on the innovative capacity of the recipient region has largely been highlighted, measured and proved in the literature, by positing a direct link from mobility to innovation. This paper enters this literature by explicitly examining and verifying whether innovation generated by inventors’ mobility is enough to enhance growth and whether such link depends on the innovative context. In fact, areas in which inventors can more easily enter, integrate and complement existing consolidated knowledge bases can be more easily affected by incoming inventors.

Background: Interregional job offers are an important mechanism of social mobility as they provide both career chances and opportunities to avoid unemployment. We know from the literature that couples have difficulties seizing these opportunities due to the unequal distribution of costs and benefits between partners. Consequently, couples generally show a lower willingness to move for a job offer for one of the partners. However, very little is known about the differences between men and women in assessing the attractiveness of a job-related household move. Objective: Focusing on all cohabitating couples, we address whether there are gender differences in willingness to move for a better job offer and how those differences can be explained. Methods: We employ a large household survey from Germany that includes a factorial survey experiment addressing willingness to move for a hypothetical job offer. Results: We find that (a) within couples, women show a lower willingness to move than men, but single women do not differ from single men; (b) variables resulting from standard theories on mobility contribute to the explanation of willingness to move; and (c) gender differences persist even after controlling for these variables. Conclusions: Women show a lower willingness to move for a job when they are living with a partner in a household, and this cannot be sufficiently explained by standard theories of household and family migration. Only gender norms contribute significantly to the explanation of these differences between sexes. Consequently, women are disadvantaged when considering interregional job offers Contribution: Our findings reveal that interregional job offers contribute to gender inequality by hampering the career options of coupled women. A comparison with early results from the United States reveals that this seems to be a general pattern that cannot be explained by standard household migration theories.

The aim of this study was to examine the spatial mobility of homeless people in urban areas, exploring homeless mobility, its drivers, limits and links to personal attributes, and whether there is an association between the extent of spatial activity and an individual’s housing situation. To our knowledge, there has been no prior exhaustive attempt to explore the spatial mobility of homeless people using Global Positioning System (GPS) location devices. The theoretical background of the research was based on time-geography approaches. The research used a mixed method approach involving participatory GPS mapping. Spatial mobility was measured by GPS location devices. GPS tracking made it possible to capture the precise location of a person in time and space, and subsequently to identify the daily and weekly mobility rhythms of such people. The GPS data were further contextualised by conducting interviews with homeless people and asking about their daily mobility. The groundwork for the interviews resulted in printed maps of the participants’ daily spatial mobility (n = 598). The combination of time-location data and ethnographic methods presented several technical and organisational difficulties, but the pilot study provided valuable knowledge about the everyday-life mobility of homeless people in cities. A novel understanding of the links between homeless mobilities, urban commons and the life conditions of homeless people can inform current welfare policies relating to the poor.

Les sciences de gestion se sont relativement peu attachées à analyser les relations complexes entre organisation et mobilités spatiales. Cet article propose un agenda de recherche sur cette thématique en croisant les apports de travaux récents abordant, dans le champ des sciences de gestion, les mobilités spatiales sous un angle plus organisationnel et processuel, avec les avancées réalisées ces dernières années en géographie et en sociologie. Dans cette perspective, nous invitons les chercheurs en sciences de gestion à compléter les travaux existants en investiguant la manière dont les mobilités spatiales humaines peuvent influer sur l’action collective organisée., So far, little attention has been given, in the field of Management and Organization Studies (MOS), to the analysis of the complex relationships between organization and spatial mobilities. The main aim of the present article is to propose a research agenda on this topic. To this end, we combine the insights from references in MOS apprehending spatial mobilities through an organizational and processual lens with recent developments in geography and sociology. We therefore invite MOS scholars to complete existing works by examining how spatial mobilities may affect organized collective action., Las ciencias de la gestión y la administración han mostrado, en general, poco interés en analizar las relaciones complejas entre organización y movilidad espacial. Este artículo propone una agenda para la investigación en torno a este tema, a través del análisis comparativo entre publicaciones recientes que abordan, en el campo de las ciencias de la gestión, las movilidades espaciales desde un ángulo más organizativo y de proceso, conjugado a los avances realizados durante estos últimos años en geografía y en sociología. Desde esta perspectiva, queremos invitar a los investigadores en ciencias de la gestión a completar los trabajos existentes a partir de la investigación sobre cómo las movilidades espaciales humanas pueden influir en la acción colectiva organizada.

This paper investigates how working location influences jobseekers' subsequent spatial job search. Further, it is assessed to what extent mobility between working regions is associated with wage growth. The results show that the working region functions as a prominent geographical anchor around which the new job search is focused. The jobseekers that do find a job far away from their old working region receive a small wage premium, but this premium disappears if selectivity is taken into account. It is concluded that employees demonstrate substantial stickiness to their working locations, and that this is motivated by asymmetry in search costs. No evidence was found that mobility between working regions in itself affects wages.

The relationship between spatial mobility and place attachment has always been an important part of the psychology of place. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the context of international migration. Thus, this paper brings together the existing scholarship on place attachment and migration studies in order to discuss the development of place attachment among settled migrants, focusing on the example of Poles living in London and Oslo. Drawing on 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews, it is argued that people's bonding with a new place of residence could be described more adequately as a dynamic process rather than through static typologies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that different aspects of place attachment, namely place dependence, place discovered, place identity, and place inherited, often coexist and may emerge gradually in the process of adaptation to a new urban setting.

Using a dataset of 3540 economists working in 2007 in 125 of the best academic centers in 22 countries, this paper presents some evidence on spatial mobility patterns in Spain and other countries conditional on some personal, department, and country characteristics. There are productivity and other reasons for designing a scientific policy with the aims of attracting foreign talent (brain gain), minimizing the elite brain drain, and recovering nationals who have earned a Ph.D. or have spent some time abroad (brain circulation). Our main result is that Spain has more brain gain, more brain circulation and less brain drain than comparable large, continental European countries, i.e., Germany, France, and Italy, where economists have similar opportunities for publishing their research in English or in their own languages. We suggest that these results can be mostly explained by the governance changes introduced in a number of Spanish institutions in 1975-1990 by a sizable contingent of Spanish economists coming back home after attending graduate school abroad. These initiatives were also favored by the availability of resources to finance certain research-related activities, including international Ph.D. programs. Carrasco and Ruiz-Castillo acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MEC (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) through Grants No. ECO2015-65204-P and ECO2014-55953-P, respectively, as well as Grants MDM 2014-0431 from the MEC, and MadEco-CM (S2015/HUM-3444) from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid to their economics department

This article develops mobility mapping as a valuable space-related instrument to tackle the lack of attention to the meanings of places and everyday spatial mobility in the process of refugee settlement. Referring to two consecutive case studies carried out with asylum seekers and recognized refugees in rural Germany, we discuss the surplus of this tool considering both peculiarities in implementation and the opportunities of analysis of respondent-generated maps. Experiences from this trial research point out ways of implementing a tool that focuses on the graphic and visual dimension of knowledge creation. Relying on principles of participatory research, this tool can help to diminish power asymmetries between the researcher and the participant and acknowledge individuals’ competencies in terms of language. Depending on the aim of the study, the empirical data generated can be analysed both as a product and as a process. Results indicate added value by revealing the importance of spatial dimensions in asylum seekers’ and refugees’ life-worlds, encompassing the construction of individually important places as well as spatial mobility and accessibility. For practitioners, the implementation of the tool provides an opportunity to enhance participant-oriented planning and capacity building, such as in terms of networks and infrastructures, that addresses both individuals’ needs and spatial structures.

Orientador: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A tese apresenta reflexões de pesquisa sobre camponeses baianos ¿ em sua expressiva diversidade ¿, suas dinâmicas e reconfigurações territoriais, notadamente no município de Bom Jesus da Lapa (BA). A pesquisa tem o objetivo de compreender os processos socioterritoriais, identitários e classificatórios que permitiram a reconfiguração territorial de antigas fazendas de gado no Velho Chico em um "mosaico" de formas espaciais (acampamentos, assentamentos, quilombos e áreas de posseiros). Esta pesquisa encontra consonância nos estudos recentes sobre a diversidade dos camponeses no Brasil, quando se ampliam as investigações sobre os sujeitos sociais no campo brasileiro, articulando a relação entre diversidade de sujeitos e universalidade da questão agrária brasileira. Neste sentido, partiu-se para a leitura da realidade tendo como base de análise a manifestação e permanência da questão agrária no país, aqui entendida como um conjunto de feixes das forças sociais que configuram o campo brasileiro. A partir da realidade da Fazenda Curralinho, registrada em 1735, temos a articulação de três grandes conceitos: o conceito de experiência, para atentar às relações de produção e vivência dos sujeitos e grupos sociais; memória e identidade, conformadas na experiência e são substratos da vida em sociedade; e dessas, a constituição de múltiplas territorialidades, subjacentes à ação humana. O que se pode revelar é que as relações de dependência no interior da Fazenda Curralinho duraram até a década de 1970/1980, quando ao ser desmembrado desarticulou a relação de dependência, ensejando novas formas de relação social e as resistências cotidianas se tornaram resistências públicas, com um caráter contestatório eminentemente territorial. Favorecidos pelo crescimento da bandeira da "reforma agrária" dos anos de 1980, os antigos agregados conseguiram construir uma ponte entre a situação de conflito e a bandeira da luta pela terra, permitindo inserir-se na construção do Movimento CETA, da Conaq em Bom Jesus da Lapa e da Central Regional Quilombola. Todos estes movimentos tiveram a assessoria da Comissão Pastoral da Terra e foi nessa conjuntura que se permitiu que nas terras da antiga fazenda de gado pudesse se configurar um território diverso, expressando a multiplicidade de sujeitos sociais do campo. Ademais, compreende-se que a dinâmica das classificações e identidades sociais e étnicas está atrelada à inserção dos grupos sociais em escalas mais amplas, isto é, para além do local onde a luta na/pela terra e por territórios se expressam. A pesquisa foi realizada com vasta pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, cartográfica e um intenso trabalho de campo, tendo a pesquisa participante e a etnografia como base teórico-metodológica Abstract: This thesis presents a research analysis on Bahian peasants - in their expressive diversity - their dynamics and territorial reconfigurations, notably in the municipality of Bom Jesus da Lapa (BA). This research aims to understand the socio-territorial, identity and classificatory processes that allowed the reconfiguration of old cattle farms in the Old Chico in a "mosaic" of spatial forms (camping settlements, settlements, quilombos and squatter areas). This research is consistent with the recent studies on the diversity of peasants in Brazil, when these investigations are extended to the social subjects in the Brazilian rural area, articulating the relation between the diversity of subjects and the universality of the Brazilian agrarian question. In this sense, we set out to read the reality having as basis of analysis the manifestation and permanence of the agrarian question in the Country, here understood as a set of parcels of the social forces that make up the Brazilian agrarian field. From the reality of the Curralinho Farm, registered in 1735 ¿ and its dismemberment in the 1930¿s into the Carnaíba Farm - we have the articulation of three great concepts: the concept of experience, to enlighten the production and experience relations of the subjects and social groups; Memory and identity, conformed in experience and are substrates of life in society; And from these concepts the constitution of multiple territorialities, underlying human action. What can be revealed is that the relations of dependence within the Curralinho Farm lasted until the decade of 1970/1980, when being dismembered, it disrupted the relation of dependence, giving rise to new forms of social relation, and the daily resistances became public resistances, with an essentially territorial contestatory character. Favored by the growth of the "agrarian reform" banner of the 1980s, the former clusters succeeded in building a bridge between the conflict situation and the banner of the struggle for land, allowing them to insert themselves in the construction of the CETA Movement, of Conaq in Bom Jesus da Lapa and of the Quilombola Regional Center. All these movements had assistance from the Pastoral Land Commission and it was at this juncture that in the lands of the old cattle farm a diverse territory was made possible to be configured, expressing the multiplicity of social subjects of the agrarian territory. In addition, what can be understood is that the dynamics of classifications and social and ethnic identities are linked to the insertion of social groups in broader scales, that is, beyond the place where the struggle for land and territories are expressed. The research was carried out with a long bibliographical, documentary, cartographic research and an intense field work, with participant research and ethnography as a theoretical-methodological basis Doutorado Ciências Sociais Doutor em Ciências Sociais CNPQ 141051/2012-4

Orientador: Marta Maria do Amaral Azevedo Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como tema a mobilidade espacial entre os Guarani. O estudo de caso foi feito na Reserva Te¿ýikue, município de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul. As questões principais trabalhadas são a concepção guarani de mobilidade espacial e como ocorrem esses deslocamentos no espaço/tempo. Os Guarani concebem um território como próprio e amplo, abrangendo regiões em vários países, e é neste espaço que ocorrem esses deslocamentos. As comunidades e famílias estabelecem redes sociais pautadas pelas relações de parentesco e afinidade; a mobilidade espacial guarani está, portanto, associada ao estudo de sua territorialidade e cosmologia Abstract:This study was based on the spatial mobility research at the TI Te¿ýikue, Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul. The main questions of this study are the Guarani notion of spatial mobility and how these displacements occur in space/time. The Guarani conceive a territory as their own and extensive, covering areas in several countries and it is in that space that the displacement occurs. The communities and families establish social networks guided by family relations and affinity; the Guarani spatial mobility, therefore, is directly associated with the study of their territoriality and cosmology Doutorado Filosofia Doutora em Demografia

Orientador: Álvaro de Oliveira D'Antona Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Neste trabalho, foi analisada a maneira como as regras previstas para regulamentação em Unidades de Conservação podem afetar a mobilidade e a distribuição espacial da população que vive no interior de tais unidades, a partir do contexto da Reserva Extrativista Auati-Paraná (RESEX-AP) - Unidade de Conservação Federal, localizada no estado do Amazonas. As especificidades dessa pesquisa acabaram por elencar uma série de questões difíceis de serem respondidas somente através de fontes secundárias, como os dados cadastrais do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade e do censo demográfico, fazendo-se necessária a incorporação das análises de outras diferentes fontes de dados, como os dados primários originados a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada em 2015. A partir dessas informações, observou-se que a dinâmica populacional da RESEX-AP está sujeita a diferentes contextos. O primeiro se refere a uma mobilidade sazonal, justificada pelas características ambientais da reserva, em que a mobilidade se explica pelo nível do rio, influenciando no deslocamento dos moradores para as áreas urbanas e para comunidades na própria RESEX, situadas na terra firme. O segundo contexto se refere à migração de moradores, justificada pelas características socioeconômicas predominantes na reserva, nas quais os moradores enfrentam condições precárias de educação, saúde e de meios de transporte para escoar a produção agrícola. Tais contextos fazem parte das principais conclusões deste trabalho e demonstraram que a mobilidade e a distribuição espacial da população nessa área não têm sido afetadas pelas regras ambientais. As regras serviriam para conter conflitos e pressão sobre os recursos. A fragilidade em promover o bem-estar dos moradores, associada à sazonalidade do ambiente, é o que influenciaria na mobilidade e na distribuição espacial na RESEX-AP e é também justificativa para a conexão existente entre o rural e o urbano. Dessa forma, a dinâmica que se percebe vem ocorrendo antes mesmo dessa área haver se tornado uma Unidade de Conservação: as populações tendem a deixar a reserva por outros fatores, não explicitamente relacionados à sua criação. Conhecer esses fatores é um caminho para assegurar políticas ambientais direcionadas à criação de Unidades de Conservação. O caso da RESEX-AP traz a reflexão sobre o papel dessas áreas na dinâmica demográfica da Amazônia e demonstra que, no histórico de ocupação da Amazônia, essa categoria de UC contribuiu para conter o êxodo, mas influenciou outras dinâmicas que precisam ser consideradas nos estudos de população Abstract: In this work, it was analyzed how the rules for regulation in Conservation Units (UC) can affect the mobility and spatial distribution of the population living inside these units, from the context of the Auati-Paraná Extractive Reserve (RESEX-AP), a Federal Conservation Unit, located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The specificities of this research ended up listing a series of difficult questions to be answered through only secondary sources, such as the registration data of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and the Demographic Census data, making it necessary to incorporate the analyses of other different data sources, such as the primary data originated from a field survey conducted in 2015. From the information collected in this research, it was observed that the population dynamics of RESEX-AP is subject to different contexts. The first refers to a seasonal mobility, justified by the environmental characteristics of the reserve, where mobility is explained by the level of the river, influencing the displacement of the residents to the urban areas and to communities in the RESEX itself, located on the mainland. The second context refers to the migration of residents justified by the socioeconomic characteristics prevailing in the reserve, in which residents face precarious conditions in education, health and also means of transportation to dispose of their agricultural production. These contexts are part of the main conclusions of this study and have demonstrated that the mobility and the spatial distribution of the population in this area have not been affected by environmental rules. The rules would serve to contain the conflicts and the pressure under the resources. The fragility in promoting the well being of the residents associated to the seasonality of the environment is what would influence the mobility and spatial distribution in the RESEX-AP and is what would also justify the connection between the rural and the urban areas. In this way, the dynamics that have been perceived occurred even before this area became a Conservation Unit: populations tend to leave the reserve for other factors, not explicitly related to the creation of the reserve. Knowing these factors is a way to ensure environmental policies aimed to the creation of Conservation Units. The RESEX-AP case reflects the role of these areas in the demographic dynamics of the Amazon and shows that, in the Amazon occupation history, this category of UC contributed to contain the exodus, but influenced other dynamics that need to be considered in the population studies Doutorado Demografia Doutora em Demografia FAPEAM

Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Nesta tese, analiso processos sociais de mobilidade espacial e de circulação mercantil da força de trabalho, considerando, em especial, as transformações decorrentes da chamada acumulação flexível do capital e as características que essas transformações assumem frente a aspectos específicos de formações dependentes como o Brasil. Para tanto, dando prosseguimento a investigações anteriores sobre as condições de constituição e reprodução social da pequena produção rural, por um lado, e, por outro, sobre as especificidades do exército de reserva nas formações dependentes, foram analisados dados de uma nova etapa de pesquisa de campo realizada junto a trabalhadores de um grande projeto da indústria da mineração na Amazônia Oriental. Fruto de um plano estratégico global da empresa Vale, o grande projeto em questão foi composto pela construção de uma megamina e de uma usina metalúrgica entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, visando explorar as reservas das Serras da Onça e do Puma, situadas em região limítrofe dos municípios de Ourilândia do Norte, Tucumã e São Felix do Xingu, no estado do Pará, norte do Brasil. Nesse sentido, em um primeiro momento, analiso características das frentes de expansão, dos grandes projetos e das morfologias sociais de deslocamento de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras nestas cidades, assim como das respectivas trajetórias de circulação da força de trabalho que parte deles estabelece em várias regiões do país, principalmente nas empresas terceirizadas e subcontratadas, nas empresas agropecuárias, no mercado informal remunerado por dia de trabalho ou tarefa e no emprego doméstico. Em seguida, considerando tais trajetórias junto a tendências globais de transformações no mundo do trabalho, analiso os processos de aceleração e amplificação da circulação mercantil da força de trabalho que vêm ocorrendo nas últimas décadas e que estão, ao menos no caso brasileiro, diretamente relacionados a um regime de superexploração do trabalho. Por fim, concluo que esses processos implicam em uma maior aproximação entre o exército ativo e o exército de reserva e, portanto, em uma nova condição imposta à classe trabalhadora. Abstract: In this thesis, I analyze social processes of spatial mobility and labour-power circulation, considering, in particular, the transformations arising from the so-called flexible accumulation of capital and the characteristics that these transformations assume against specific aspects of dependent formations such as Brazil. In order to carry out previous research on the conditions for the constitution and social reproduction of the small rural production, on the one hand, and on the other, on the specificities of the reserve army in the dependent formations, data were analyzed for a new research stage of fieldwork held together with workers of a large mining industry project in the Eastern Amazon. As a result of Vale's global strategic plan, the major project in question consisted of the construction of a megamine and a metallurgical plant between 2007 and 2010, in order to explore the reserves of the Onça and Puma mountain ranges, located in the region bordering the municipalities of Ourilândia do Norte, Tucumã and São Felix do Xingu, in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. In this sense, in the first instance, I analyze the characteristics of the fronts of expansion, the large projects and the traffic of workers attracted and then expelled from the cities that receive these flows, as well as the respective social morphologies of displacement and trajectories of circulation of the labour-power that part of them establishes in several regions of the country, mainly in outsourced and subcontracted companies, in the agricultural companies, in the informal market remunerated by day of work or task and in the domestic employment. Then, considering these trajectories along with global trends of transformations in the world of work, I analyze the processes of acceleration and amplification of the mercantile circulation of the labour-power that have been occurring in the last decades and are, at least in the Brazilian case, directly related to a regime of super-exploitation of labour-power. Finally, I conclude that these processes imply a closer approximation between the active army and the reserve army and, therefore, in a new condition imposed on the working class Doutorado Ciências Sociais Doutor em Ciências Sociais FAPESP 2011/22692-6

Orientadores: Sávio Machado Cavalcante, Arlete Moysés Rodrigues Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: O objetivo geral desta tese foi o de analisar, problematizar e evidenciar a condição socioespacial da classe trabalhadora e seu tempo de deslocamento no processo de urbanização e reprodução social na metrópole de São Paulo, para desvelar o cotidiano da mobilidade perversa vivida e percebida a partir de quatro determinações econômicas, políticas e sociais que configuram sua condição espacial de vida. A primeira determinação analisada parte das segregações socioespacial, étnico-racial e urbana que influenciam o tempo de deslocamento de trabalhadores(as) das periferias, caracterizadas por meio das relações de classes, raça e espaciais apreendidas por meio da análise dos resultados da Pesquisa Origem-Destino de 2017, Mapa da Desigualdade 2019 e de experiências de trabalhadores(as) precarizados(as) por meio de grupos focais e questionários apresentadas ao longo da tese e dos processos sociais que fundamentam tal determinação oriunda da tríplice segregação. A segunda determinação analisada parte do processo de urbanização rodoviarista e da dinâmica do tempo de rotação do capital, mediada pela análise da ferrovia na estruturação urbana dos subúrbios e das rodovias na periferização, para entender a crise de mobilidade urbana enfrentada pela classe trabalhadora nos deslocamentos na contemporaneidade. Na terceira, analisamos a dinâmica das leis do valor na relação entre valorização imobiliária e expansão do transporte e do sistema metroferroviário por meio do Plano Integrado de Transportes Urbanos, ao mostrar como a transferência de valor da maquinaria ônibus impacta no preço da tarifa e a urgência da tarifa zero. Por fim, na quarta determinação, analisamos as condições de reprodução da classe trabalhadora com base nas diferentes condições espaciais entre as classes, ao analisar o transporte como mediador entre produção e reprodução e mostrar como as desigualdades estruturais perpassam o espaço urbano e a vida cotidiana, por meio de relatos vividos dos grupos focais que mostram o fazer-se da classe trabalhadora nos deslocamentos: vendedores ambulantes autointitulados marreteiros de trem; das vilas operárias e favelas oriundas da urbanização; e a trajetória das trabalhadoras domésticas na reprodução de toda a sociedade Abstract: The general objective of this thesis was to analyze, problematize and highlight the socio-spatial condition of the working class and their time spent in the process of urbanization and social reproduction in the metropolis of São Paulo, to unveil the daily perverse mobility experienced and perceived from four economic, political and social determinations that shape their spatial condition of life. The first determination analyzed part of the socio-spatial, ethnic-racial and urban segregations that influence the time of displacement of workers from the peripheries, characterized by the relationships of classes, race and space apprehended through the analysis of the results of the Origin-Destination Research 2017, Map of Inequality 2019 and experiences of precarious workers through focus groups and questionnaires presented throughout the thesis and the social processes that underlie this determination arising from the triple segregation. The second determination analyzed starts from the urbanization process of the road and from the dynamics of the capital rotation time, mediated by the analysis of the railway in the urban structuring of the suburbs and of the highways in the periphery, to understand the crisis of urban mobility faced by the working class in the displacements in the city contemporaneity. In the third, we analyze the dynamics of the laws of value in the relationship between real estate valuation and expansion of transport and the metro-rail system through the Integrated Urban Transport Plan, by showing how the transfer of value of bus machinery impacts the price of the fare and the urgency zero tariff. Finally, in the fourth determination, we analyze the reproductive conditions of the working class based on the different spatial conditions between the classes, by analyzing transport as a mediator between production and reproduction and showing how structural inequalities permeate urban space and everyday life, through lived reports from the focus groups that show the making of the working class in commuting: street vendors self-styled train dealers; working-class villages and slums from urbanization; and the trajectory of domestic workers in the reproduction of the whole society Doutorado Sociologia Doutor em Sociologia CAPES 88882.329287/2019-01

BackgroundIn this study, we analyze the association of social isolation in the first phase of the pandemic with perceived stress among residents of Poland and Italy with a look at how these populations adjust to and comply with implemented regulations, guidelines, and restrictions.Materials and MethodsInternet survey with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and questions regarding mobility patterns, attitude, and propensity to adjust toward the implemented measures and current health condition was made among Polish and Italian residents (Cronbach’s alpha 0.86 and 0.79, respectively). The sample size was 7,108 (6,169 completed questionnaires in Poland and 939 in Italy).ResultsThe Polish group had a higher stress level than the Italian group (mean PSS-10 total score 22,14 vs 17,01, respectively;p< 0.01). There was a greater prevalence of chronic diseases among Polish respondents. Italian subjects expressed more concern about their health, as well as about their future employment. Italian subjects did not comply with suggested restrictions as much as Polish subjects and were less eager to restrain from their usual activities (social, physical, and religious), which were more often perceived as “most needed matters” in Italian than in Polish residents.ConclusionHigher activity level was found to be correlated with lower perceived stress, but the causality is unclear. Difference in adherence to restrictions between Polish and Italian residents suggests that introducing similar lockdown policies worldwide may not be as beneficial as expected. However, due to the applied method of convenience sampling and uneven study groups, one should be careful with generalizing these results.

Testing individual motivations for social activity in violation of the mandated lockdown regime is a challenging research topic for evolutionary psychology. To this purpose, we analyzed twenty popular weekly routes and the potential impact of sex and relationship status (single versus coupled) on the reported level of spatial-social activity during the quarantine in Russia between March and June 2020 (N = 492). Our study revealed a significant difference between men’s and women’s mobility: men, in general, tend to exhibit substantially higher spatial activity. The results have shown that individuals living on their own have more social interactions with friends and exhibit more profound spatial mobility via public transport. On the other hand, spatial activity of coupled individuals of both sexes were mostly devoted to solving a list of economic and matrimonial tasks. At the same time, men already cohabiting with a partner leave their homes for dating purposes more frequently than single men and women. We interpret these findings in the sense that both individual and sex-specific differences in observed sociality could be a result of a fine-tuned adaptive populational response to a contemporary virus threat, predominantly rooted in the evolution of behavioral strategies in the reproductive and economic spheres of each sex. Indeed, unlike women, coupled men have been preserving highly risky and intense social behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Orientador: Marcos César Ferreira Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como proposta analisar o uso e ocupação do solo em períodos anteriores e posteriores à construção da Rodovia dos Bandeirantes (SP-348) - inaugurada em 1978 - na área sudoeste do município de Campinas, no Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se fotografias aéreas, imagem de satélite e o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) como ferramentas para a análise do espaço geográfico. A análise do uso e ocupação do solo permitiu constatar que a Rodovia dos Bandeirantes atua como uma barreira física, interferindo no arranjo da malha urbana local, na configuração da urbanização e na morfologia da rede de ruas. Campinas é considerado hoje um pólo de atração no interior paulista, mas seu espaço é constituído pela desigualdade e segregação sócio espacial. A área sudoeste do município apresenta características bem distintas das outras: constituída de terras de baixa fertilidade natural, e, portanto, de preço menor, há vários loteamentos horizontais e verticais destinados à população de baixa renda. Sua malha urbana é descontínua, permeada por glebas e lotes vazios, com carência em infraestrutura para atender a população. A Rodovia dos Bandeirantes, construída como via expressa bloqueada, agrava esses problemas, pois se instalou nesta região do município como uma barreira física que impede a circulação local, e limitou a acessibilidade entre os bairros do entorno e a rodovia e entre estes bairros e o restante da malha urbana de Campinas. Para este estudo, partiu-se do pressuposto da cidade como expressão do processo de produção da sociedade sob o desenvolvimento capitalista; a partir da propriedade privada são definidos os vários usos do espaço urbano, determinados por disputas entre os vários segmentos, baseadas no preço da terra e no acesso diferenciado à propriedade privada. Considerou-se como pressupostos metodológicos o sítio e a situação, assim como o espaço urbano que pode ser abordado sob a ótica das redes geográficas, e que a passagem do tempo produz formas distintas de substituição e evolução local destas redes, revelando que a cidade deve também ser compreendida a partir da forma espacial do uso do solo construído no tempo Abstract: The present study proposes to perform an analysis of land use in the time periods before and after the construction of Bandeirantes Highway (SP-348) - inaugurated in 1978 - in the southwest area of Campinas municipality, in the state of São Paulo, using aerial photographs, satellite image and Geographic Information System (GIS) as tools for analysis of geographic space. This land use analysis revealed that the Bandeirantes Highway acts as a physical barrier, interfering in the arrangement of the local flow patterns, in the configuration of urbanization, and the morphology of the street network. The city of Campinas is currently considered a pole of attraction for the interior of São Paulo State; however this space is marked by social inequality and spatial segregation. The southwest area of the city has considerably different characteristics from the remainder of the municipality: due to the low natural fertility of the soil, real estate has a relatively lower price, with several horizontal and vertical housing developments intended for low income population. There are discontinuities in the urban development, permeated by empty lots, with a lack of infrastructure to meet the needs of the population. The Bandeirantes Highway, built as an express highway with restricted access points, exacerbates these problems since its installation in this region of municipality has acted as a physical barrier that impedes local circulation and limits access between the highway and surrounding neighborhoods, and between these neighborhoods and the rest of the urban area of Campinas. The study began with the assumption of the city as an expression of the production processes of society under capitalist development; private property defines the various uses of urban space, determined by disputes among the various segments, based on the price of land and the unequal access to private property. It was considered as methodological assumptions the site and the situation, and also that urban space can be approached from the perspective of geographical networks, and the passage of time produces distinct forms of replacement and local evolution of these networks, revealing that the city should also be understood from the spatial form of the land use constructed over time Mestrado Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial Mestra em Geografia

Orientador: Michael McDonald Hall Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A presente dissertação aborda a imigração japonesa para o estado São Paulo entre 1908 e 1922. Tal recorte cronológico refere-se ao período que o governo paulista financiou parte das passagens daqueles que decidiram deixar o Japão e se dirigiram para as lavouras de café do estado. Um vez que a imigração nipônica é caracteriza pela vinda de trabalhadores e, portanto, trata-se de uma história que implica em operar com conceitos como classes e luta de classes, para a base teorica foram utilizados autores da história social inglesa. Especificamente foi abordada a relação das políticas migratórias e a autonomia dos migrantes, suas possibilidades de ação e reação, mesmo quando condicionadas por conjunturas sociais e políticas impostas. A presente pesquisa procurou evidenciar como mesmo em um cenário desfavorável, em que classes dominantes faziam o possível para controlar a mão-de-obra, havia a possibilidade de reação por parte de imigrantes. Para os japoneses, tais reações poderiam assumir aspectos de descontentamento aberto ou, de maneira mais discreta, através de atitudes cotidianas, como troca de fazendas, intercambio de informações entre trabalhadores e busca de melhores salários em outras ocupaçãoes. Mais do que simples ações do dia a dia, tais atos se tornavam um obstáculo para a realização dos objetivos de fazendeiros, especialmente quando multiplicadas por centenas de imigrantes. Trabalhadores deixando seus empregos afetavam a função principal do sistema de imigração, a saber: promover saturação do mercado de trabalho, que reduzia os salários e diminuia a capacidade de barganha dos colonos. Tendo em vista tal situação, na presente dissertação procuramos entender a relação de imigrantes japoneses com as classes dominantes de São Paulo, abordando atos de desafio aberto, mas sem descartar formas de resistência cotidiana, em especial a própria mobilidade espacial dos colonos ao se afastarem tanto de sua pátria quanto do sistema cafeeiro paulista para buscar melhores oportunidades e condições de vida Abstract: This thesis analyses Japanese immigration to São Paulo State between 1908 and 1922. This periodization refers to the period when part of the cost of passage was paid by the government, aiming to benefit immigrants who were coming to work in the coffee plantations. Considering the coming of the Japanese as part of the system to obtain a labor force (therefore, a history in which class and class struggle are essential concepts), English social history provides a theoretical basis for the analysis. Specifically, the objective was to investigate immigrant autonomy, the possible of actions and reactions, even when these initiatives occurred in a given social and political context. Therefore this thesis tried to point out how, even in a system in which the labor force was closely controlled, there was in some degree a possibility of immigrants seeking their own interests. To the Japanese, these kinds of actions could be expressed as open revolts or, in more discrete ways, in resistance through everyday actions, for example, going to work on other plantation, seeking better salaries and exchanging information. Those initiatives, more than daily activities, also represented a constant struggle and imposed barriers to the fazendeiros and the Sao Paulo ruling class, especially when multiplied by many immigrants. Workers leaving their jobs affected directly the main goal of the immigration; namely, flooding the labor market to promote lower wages and to undermine collective bargaining. Regarding this situation, the thesis investigates the relation between Japanese immigrants and the ruling class, focusing on acts of open defiance like strikes, and everyday forms of resistance, as the colonos moved away from their birthplaces and coffee plantations, seeking better opportunities and living conditions elsewhere Mestrado História Social Mestre em História

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatial mobility of a major part of the population in many countries. For most people, this was an extremely disruptive shock, resulting in loss of income, social contact and quality of life. However, forced to reduce human physical interaction, most businesses, individuals and households developed new action lines and routines, and were gradually learning to adapt to the new reality. Some of these changes might result in long-term changes in opportunity structures and in spatial preferences for working, employment or residential location choice, and for mobility behavior. In this paper we aim to extend the time-geographic approach to analyzing people’s spatial activities, by focusing on health-related geographical mobility patterns during the pandemic in Sweden. Starting from a micro-approach at individual level and then looking at an aggregate urban scale, we examine the space-time geography during the coronavirus pandemic, using Hägerstrand’s time-geography model. We utilize a massive but (location-wise) fuzzy dataset to analyze aggregate spatiotemporal impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic using a contemporary time-geographical approach. First, we address micro-level behavior in time-space to understand the mechanisms of change and to illustrate that a temporal drastic change in human mobility seems to be plausible. Then we analyze the changes in individuals’ mobility by analyzing their activity spaces in aggregate using mobile phone network data records. Clearly, it is too early for predicting long-term spatial changes, but a clear heterogeneity in spatial behavior can already be detected. It seems plausible that the corona pandemic may have long-lasting effects on employment centers, city roles and spatial mobility patterns.