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The objective of this study was to measure the influence of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of Micro and Small Enterprises. The research assumed a quantitative methodological perspective, with a non-experimental, descriptive, correlational and explanatory design. A 29-item questionnaire was used to collect information from a convenience sample of 213 companies. The results of the study show that there are two sections that significantly explain organizational performance, structural capital and human capital. Therefore, the development of these two variables will be able to achieve better results. Likewise, the correlation coefficient indicates a moderate level of association between the intellectual capital variable and its dimensions, with the organizational performance variable (r=0.322) with a significance of p-value= 0.000. For this reason, it can be concluded that, if these companies efficiently manage their intellectual resources, they will be able to promote a successful organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates whether intellectual capital and its components (human, relational, innovation, and process capitals) have meaningful information on firm value. Full sample consists of 148 listed Turkish manufacturing firms over the period of 2005-2017. We show that our extended Ohlson models explain the substantial part of the unexplained variation in firm market values. Specifically, we find that higher levels of measures of human capital, relational capital, process capital, innovation capital, and overall intellectual capital are directly associated with higher stock prices. Furthermore, we find that intellectual capital and its components have lagged effects on market values of firms, and human capital has a moderating effect on the relationship between other intellectual capital components and firm market values. Our main finding still holds when we re-estimate our model by addressing potential endogeneity issues and alternative conditions. Based on our findings, we recommend firm managers to do convenient resources planning on these components to raise the firm's value. Moreover, we recommend accounting standards setters to create a separate financial reporting standard, which includes detailed information on these components that are value-relevant in making business valuation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital is a term frequently used to describe intangible assets (INTC). This study intends to examine the impact of three components of intellectual capital, that is, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, on corporate performance (CP) of non-financial listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). This study uses quantitative secondary data spanning from 2012 to 2019, collected from annual published reports of the companies. The quantitative data analysis has been done by using the Fixed Effects Model (FEM). This research shows that each of the INTC dimensions studied has a significant positive relationship with corporate performance in Pakistan. This study will assist non-financial firms in their policy formulation related to capital structuring, which will assist them to enhance their performance. The management of non-financial firms will also benefit from this study as they can take corrective actions on their existing policies and procedures and make them competent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economy Culture & Society is the property of Journal of Economy Culture & Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although several prior studies have examined associations between firm social capital and environmental sustainability, the links between relational resources (i.e., relational capital and ties strength), environmental knowledge integration, and environmental performance have yet to be well established at the micro‐level. This study, therefore, aims to determine (1) how environmental knowledge integration serves as a mediating mechanism for the relationship between relational capital and environmental performance and (2) how this impact differs at different levels of ties strength. A quantitative approach has been adopted to examine the main hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM) technique. Two groups of actors were surveyed, including chief executive officers (CEOs) and financial officers of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In total, 216 survey responses were gathered, suggesting a response rate of 73.22%. Our findings suggest that environmental knowledge integration is a vital mediating mechanism for the relationship between relational capital and SMEs' environmental performance. Also, we find that ties strength moderates the indirect effect of relational capital on SMEs' environmental performance via environmental knowledge integration. Our empirical evidence provides recommendations for SMEs' managers and policymakers to promote environmental sustainability in the emerging market context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to determine which dimensions of intellectual capital influenced restaurants' strategic reaction to the coronavirus crisis. The analysis focuses on 227 restaurants that are listed on TripAdvisor as "the best restaurants from Iasi (Romania)". Data are collected from the annual reports and companies' websites. The relationship between the dependent variable (restaurants' reaction to the coronavirus pandemic) and the independent variables (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) is tested using binomial logistic regression. The results prove that the structural and relational capital can predict restaurants' strategic decisions in the time of crisis. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications; on the one hand, they expand the literature regarding restaurants' intellectual capital and on the other hand, they facilitate managers' understanding of how company's intellectual capital influences their strategic decisions during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial oriented companies either small and medium enterprises (SMEs) scales are demanded not only be capable of producing goods and services, but also must be competitive in innovation, information systems, knowledge, organizational management, and human resources. To carry out these purposes, the companies must be able to manage their intellectual capita in well manner. This study aims to examine the effect of elements of intellectual capital consisting of human capital, structural capital and relational capital on the entrepreneurial oriented SMEs in Padang. Sampling method deployed the Slovin Formula with a total of 100 sampled SMEs with a margin of 10%. The results of this study empirically proved that there were significant effects of the elements of intellectual capital i.e. human capital, structural capital and relational capital toward entrepreneurial orientation.Perusahaan berorientasi wirausaha, baik dalam skala usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) tidak hanya harus menghasilkan barang dan jasa, tetapi juga kompetitif dalam inovasi, sistem informasi, pengetahuan, manajemen organisasi, dan sumber daya manusia. Untuk menjalankan tujuan tersebut, perusahaan tersebut harus mampu mengelola intellectual capital degan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh unsur-unsur modal intelektual yang terdiri dari modal manusia, modal struktural dan modal relasional terhadap orientasi kewirausahaan pada UKM di Padang. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan Rumus Slovin dengan sampel sebanyak 100 UKM dengan margin 10%. Hasil penelitian ini secara empiris membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari unsur-unsur modal intelektual yang terdiri dari modal manusia, modal struktural dan modal relasional terhadap orientasi kewirausahaan.

The present study aims to assess the relationship between intellectual capital and competition in the audit market.The audit market concentration index is used to measure competition in the audit market, calculated according to three auditor concentration indices, client concentration and competition pressure. The study period is from 2013 to 2017, during which 705 firm-years is selected among the listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange as the sample of the study and is tested using the panel method.The results indicate a negative and significant relationship between human, structural, and relational capital and auditor concentration. There is a positive and meaningful relationship between relational and structural capital and client concentration and a negative and significant relationship between human capital and client concentration. Furthermore, the relationship between structural and relational capital and competition pressure of rivals is positive and meaningful. The relationship between human capital and the competition pressure of competitors is negative and significant.This paper enables the firms to lower their auditors' fees by employing exert and experienced people in making the best use of intellectual capital. This paper also causes the wise people to benefit from all production capacities of the firm. It enhances products' sales to increase the competition in the audit market and sometimes lower clients' costs for audit fees.

Abstract. Intellectual capital is an important topic that has been viewed as one of the most value increase of company resources and key capitals in entrepreneurial development. This study aims to design a model for measuring intellectual capital. The previous models are reviewed and indicators for measuring are extracted. The population is 1104 managers and experts of 13 firms of Iran Transfo Company and 285 samples were selected randomly classified from companies. Data were collected by questionnaire, and we use structural equation modelling for the analysis. Our proposed intellectual capital model includes 5 aspects of human, structural, customer, the relational and systemic capital. All aspects have significant positive relationship with each other. Structural, relational and customer capital had the most intense relationships in the model and systemic and human capital were in fourth and fifth respectively. Keywords: Customer capital, human capital, intellectual capital, relational capital, structural capital

Nowadays, the creative industry contributes a lot to the economic growth. Reliable human resources support the organizational success. This study investigates the employees’ innovative behavior, which is assumed to be influenced by intellectual capital. This aspect consists of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. This survey-based research studied the creative industry employees for four months in data collection and four months for analysis and interpretation of data processing results. This study used a quantitative method to answer the proposed hypothesis. The samples were 243 employees of the creative industry in Bandung, Cimahi, Bandung Regency, and West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. For processing the data and testing the hypotheses, the research employed the Partial Least Square-SEM. The results show that there is a compelling effect on human capital, structural capital, and relational capital on innovative behavior. The R-squared value of 0.46 indicates the overall impact. This research suggests some aspects that escalate the innovative behavior. The first aspect is skill enhancement, which leads to the raising of human capital. Next, providing the facilities and infrastructure for internet network connections builds the structural capital. Moreover, offering sources of raw materials needed by employees prompts the relational capital. By carrying out those efforts, the employees’ innovative behavior can increase optimally. Research on intellectual capital currently focuses on the performance of the company and dynamic capabilities. Currently, focus on processes of intellectual capital is still in an emerging stage. This study pursues to fulfill the theoretical gap regarding the intellectual capital in which the focus of the research is on innovative behavior in the creative industry.

ABSTRACT: The current economic trend worldwide is for an industrial economy based on tangible assets to convert into a non-tangible economy based on intellectual capital. Lately, a multidimensional view of intellectual capital and its implications on innovation performance have generated renewed research interests. Based on these facts, the relationship amongst different antecedent factors such as culture and trust on intellectual capital components was analysed. In addition, a correlation among intellectual capital components (as non-tangible assets) and innovation performance for the banking sector was established. The positivism philosophy, deductive approach and quantitative methods were used as the research methodology to accomplish the research objectives. In this process, a questionnaire survey and purposive sampling technique were used to collect the responses from 364 employees of the Iraqi commercial banks. The obtained data were analysed statistically using the SPSS v25 and AMOS v24 software. The results revealed a significant impact of culture and trust (antecedent factors) on various intellectual capital components. Furthermore, a strong connection between these antecedent factors and intellectual capital components was evidenced, confirming the study hypotheses. Interestingly, intellectual capital components were found to enhance significantly the innovation performance of the banks, leading to better competitive advantages. In addition, it provided evidence on the impacts of inter-relationships amongst human, structural and relational capitals. Consequently, the study provides academicians and practitioners valuable insights into and guidance on how developing intellectual capital enhances competitive performance, especially in the context of Iraqi commercial banks.

This study examines the foundational concepts of social capital as operative in liaison librarianship. Participants were interviewed and asked a series of open-ended questions aimed at soliciting responses about the foundational aspects in question, including motivations to engage, trust, trustworthiness, shared values, relationship dynamics, influence, and network growth. The focus of the analysis is the interviewee's responses and statements about their own personal interaction with faculty as well as their reflections on their relationships. Responses were categorized and coded as shared commitment , interrelational dynamics , and network positionality. The findings raise intriguing dynamics for liaison librarianship in the 21st century as academic libraries are challenged to broaden their reach and services and demonstrate increasing return on investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venture capital investment has serious conflicts of interest and information asymmetry. Venture capitalists often make investment decisions on the basis of the passion of entrepreneurs, including enthusiasm and preparedness, in the process of interacting with them. Most of the previous research on relational capital have focused on the cooperative relationship between suppliers and buyers. However, the role of relational capital in the process of partnership between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs has not been revealed. On the basis of signaling theory, we explore the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and venture capitalists' willingness to invest. We also examine the mediating and moderating roles of relational capital. This study takes 79 projects between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs as samples for empirical analysis to verify our hypothesis. Results show that entrepreneurs' enthusiasm and preparedness have a significant positive impact on venture capitalists' willingness to invest. Relational capital plays a mediating role between entrepreneurial passion and venture capitalists' willingness to invest. Relational capital positively moderates the relationship between preparedness and venture capitalists' willingness to invest but has no moderating effect between enthusiasm and venture capitalists' willingness to invest. Results deepen the understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurs' passion and venture capitalists' willingness to invest, which has guiding significance for venture capital practice in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to confirm the thesis that structural capital (SC) is a framework for intellectual capital (IC) in an organization, which allows proper configuration of intangibles. Therefore, in the resource-based view, it determines its strategic character. Realizing such a goal, the author pays attention to the nature of relations and connections of individual components of IC, indicating that the SC is the key factor creating intangible assets of the organization as a source of gaining competitive advantage. The reason for taking up this issue is that, despite years of discussion in the field of IC, there are still unanswered questions concerning the management of an organization's IC, especially its planning and development. The defined knowledge gap concerns the source of strategic characteristics of IC, which, according to the resources-based view, are its rarity, originality, and the inability to be substituted or copied. The ability to shape the strategic value of intangibles makes this source itself a strategic resource and identifying it can change the way we understand IC. To achieve the paper's aim and fill the knowledge gap, the author asks whether SC can provide the characteristics of IC mentioned above and whether the strategic character of IC can be achieved independently of SC. The review and theoretical considerations are based on the analysis of the literature on IC and selected issues that are not directly related to IC, but of which the subject touches on the intangible assets commonly considered to be components of IC, such as the issue of functional stupidity, knowledge management, or resource theory. As a result of the analysis of features and characteristics of SC, the author concludes that SC is responsible for the efficient use of relational capital and human capital potential and thus is a strategic factor shaping IC as a source of achieved competitive advantage. The topic has important practical implications because by confirming the strategic role of SC, indicates the sources of effective creation of IC and its potential. The discussion also identifies directions for further research on this issue, especially the operationalization of IC and its analysis in organizations' internal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Administration Quarterly / Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiebiorstwie is the property of SGH Warsaw School of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective - Corporate concern for the environment is an important stakeholder demand. A company is obliged to preserve the environment with various investments, one of which is green intellectual capital to maintain the sustainability of the company, especially for companies that carry out their business activities in countries that are in conditions of high pollution such as Indonesia. The importance of green intellectual capital investment information for stakeholders can be seen from the value relevance of the information. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of investment in green intellectual capital, which consists of the following dimensions: human, structural, and relation to value relevance. Methodology/Technique -- This study will explain the causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variables through hypothesis testing based on the theory that has been formulated with data that obtained and tested through quantitative panel data testing. Findings - The results of a survey of 515 samples of data from a population of 183 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019 found that green intellectual capital with its three dimensions had a significant positive effect on value relevance. This study also proves that green structural intellectual capital has influenced more on value relevance than human and relation intellectual capital. Novelty - The measurement of variables is green intellectual capital and value relevance in this study develops previous research with related government conditions and regulations in Indonesia. Green intellectual capital investment is measured by using content analysis from disclosures in annual reports and sustainability reports, and value relevance is measured by the Olhson model with beta correction by the stock market in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Venture capital investment has serious conflicts of interest and information asymmetry. Venture capitalists often make investment decisions on the basis of the passion of entrepreneurs, including enthusiasm and preparedness, in the process of interacting with them. Most of the previous research on relational capital have focused on the cooperative relationship between suppliers and buyers. However, the role of relational capital in the process of partnership between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs has not been revealed. On the basis of signaling theory, we explore the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and venture capitalists’ willingness to invest. We also examine the mediating and moderating roles of relational capital. This study takes 79 projects between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs as samples for empirical analysis to verify our hypothesis. Results show that entrepreneurs’ enthusiasm and preparedness have a significant positive impact on venture capitalists’ willingness to invest. Relational capital plays a mediating role between entrepreneurial passion and venture capitalists’ willingness to invest. Relational capital positively moderates the relationship between preparedness and venture capitalists’ willingness to invest but has no moderating effect between enthusiasm and venture capitalists’ willingness to invest. Results deepen the understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurs’ passion and venture capitalists’ willingness to invest, which has guiding significance for venture capital practice in China.

Abstract Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a very important role in supporting the national economy, MSMEs are considered as strong and resilient businesses from the global crisis. Although the development of MSMEs is currently experiencing quite rapid development, it cannot be separated from several obstacles. One of the constraints experienced by MSMEs is the lack of effective knowledge management and the ineffective use of technology. This is something that must be improved by MSME actors in order to increase their business. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and digital marketing on the performance of MSMEs. The population in this study were all food and beverage MSME managers assisted by the Satrya Emas program in Pasuruan Regency. The sample required is 138 respondents. The research method used is quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis approach. This study uses the SPSS 22 program. The results of this study indicate that the human capital variable (X1) partially has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs (Y) with tcount 4.865 > ttable of 1.977 and sig value of 0.001 ttable of 1,977 and sig value of 0.003 < 0.05, the relational capital variable (X3) partially has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs (Y) with tcount of 6.014 > ttable of 1.977 and sig value of 0.004 < 0, 05, and the digital marketing variable (X4) partially has a significant effect on the performance of MSMEs (Y) with tcount 4.177 > ttable 1.977 and sig value 0.004 ttabel sebesar 1,977 dan nilai sig 0,001 < 0,05, variabel structural capital (X2) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM (Y) dengan thitung 3,591 > ttabel sebesar 1,977 dan nilai sig 0,003 < 0,05, variabel relasional capital (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM (Y) dengan thitung 6,014 > ttabel sebesar 1,977 dan nilai sig 0,004 < 0,05, dan variabel digital marketing (X4) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja UMKM (Y) dengan thitung 4,177 > ttabel sebesar 1,977 dan nilai sig 0,004 < 0,05. Kata Kunci: Modal Manusia, Modal Struktural, Modal Relasional, Pemasaran Digital, UKM

The way in which managers perceive their organization's intellectual and social capital has an impact in shaping their choices and how they lead change. The aim of the study was to explore how the managers of a trade union framed the role of its intangible assets in a context of organizational change. A qualitative approach was used; 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the leaders of a trade union and then analyzed using the method of thematic analysis. Particular attention was paid to the metaphors the managers used to narrate change. The hypothesis underlying this approach is that metaphors are a meaningful resource in that they can convey how organization and its intangible assets are framed. In the results, three “root metaphors” are illustrated—the trade union seen either as a system of domination, an organism, or a culture—together with the consequences of each of these images for the perception and value attributed to the trade union's intangible assets. In conclusion, implications for changing management practices and for further research are discussed.

This study aims to clarify the impact of intellectual capital in its three dimensions: human, structural and relational on the quality of higher education. These five most important dimensions, reliability, security, concreteness, responsiveness and empathy. to achieve this study based on a descriptive and analytical approach. The questionnaire is also used as the main means of data collection, which is distributed to a sample of 40 faculty members (permanent and temporary) at the Faculty of Economics, Business and Management at Tahri Mohammed University. 39 of them are collected and unloaded. Data via SPSS. The study achieved a set of results. The most important is that intellectual capital has a strong impact on the quality of higher education at the Faculty of Economics, Business and Management at Tahri Mohammed Bechar University, and that intellectual capital contributes to the development of the quality of education. But this result is still dependent on the college's willingness to maintain the type of human investment and to develop it through effective management in a way that helps design and implement an integrated strategic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the "problem of emotions" in a person as an organizational entity. It also analyzes and contributes the constructs of Emotional Intelligence (EI), Emotional Capital (EC), Relational Capital (RC) and Intellectual Capital (IC) based on the application of the TECER scale. The TECER scale (Test of Emotional Capital and Relational Capital) was designed and applied to a sample of 892 graduates and university students, collecting cognitive, emotional and relational information. The operational models ICom2 (Intellectual Capital Model) and EIom2 (Emotional Intelligence Model) were formulated for the treatment IC and EI as well, and through a process of hypothesis contrast a set of hypotheses was validated, considering as the basis of the research the contributions obtained from the literature review and from a bibliometric and altmetric analysis. Finally, multivariate analysis techniques were applied to formulate cluster models, multidimensional scaling, principal components and discriminant analysis, which allowed improving the operational models and proposing recommendations for the improvement of the constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: at present, innovation in organizations is demanded in an unprecedented way. Although intellectual capital (CI) has been identified as one of its triggers, one step forward is to understand the role that other variables have in this relationship. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the mediating function of absorptive capacity (CA) in the relationship between CI and organizational innovation in higher education institutes in southern Tamaulipas. Method: from the 31 existing higher education institutes in southern Tamaulipas, those with less than 50 employees were selected, reducing to 27 schools. In this institutions, 92 teacher questionnaires were applicated in the first semester of 2020 to later apply a structural equations model with the PLS technique. Results: the evidence confirms the mediating role of CA in the relationship between CI and organizational innovation. Likewise, the results allow to observe a positive and significant effect of the CI and CA variables on organizational innovation. Discussion: the result broadens the knowledge of the mediating function that CA has in the relationship between CI and organizational innovation, in the same way it suggests that to the extent that this effect of CA can be controlled, innovation could be favored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The way in which managers perceive their organization's intellectual and social capital has an impact in shaping their choices and how they lead change. The aim of the study was to explore how the managers of a trade union framed the role of its intangible assets in a context of organizational change. A qualitative approach was used; 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the leaders of a trade union and then analyzed using the method of thematic analysis. Particular attention was paid to the metaphors the managers used to narrate change. The hypothesis underlying this approach is that metaphors are a meaningful resource in that they can convey how organization and its intangible assets are framed. In the results, three "root metaphors" are illustrated—the trade union seen either as a system of domination, an organism, or a culture—together with the consequences of each of these images for the perception and value attributed to the trade union's intangible assets. In conclusion, implications for changing management practices and for further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics (57942221) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study empirically investigates the joint effects of relational capital and green supply chain management on financial performance. The hypotheses are empirically tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrap methods based on data collected from 308 manufacturing companies in China. The results show that supplier and customer relational capital improve financial performance indirectly through supplier and customer green management, respectively. Internal relational capital improves financial performance indirectly through internal and supplier green management but has no significant indirect effect through customer green management. The results enrich the literature by providing insights into the synergic effects between relational capital and green supply chain management and by providing empirical evidence of the antecedents and consequences of green supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the environment on the link between intellectual capital and ambidextrous innovation. The environment has been considered taking into account the technological turbulence and the market turbulence. Using a questionnaire survey approach, data were obtained from 155 directors representing Tunisian SMEs. Two main theoretical implications were highlighted. The first is the extent of the intellectual capital contribution, with its human, organizational and relational components, to the reading of the ambidextrous innovation within the organization. The second is the moderating role of environmental turbulence. From a practical side, the study tried to reap the intellectual capital benefits and the intermediate effect of environmental turbulence to improve the manager's yields in term of innovation. Interestingly, results show that human capital affects ambidextrous innovation. It influences radical innovation more than incremental innovation. Relationship capital promotes only incremental innovation. Organizational capital influences ambidextrous innovation. Its effect on incremental innovation is greater than on radical innovation. Both technological and market turbulences moderate negatively the human capital effect on incremental innovation. Counter to our expectations, however, environmental turbulence does not moderate the interrelationships selectively between relational capital, organizational capital and ambidextrous innovation. The present study is one of the few studies conducted in Tunisia investigating the field of intellectual capital and the first studying its effect on the ambidextrous innovation in a turbulent environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing by means of Digitalization the Forth Industrial revolution stipulates the new opportunities for business and societies related to the usage of the enterprise’ Intellectual capital. Possessing the similar nature as the trends mentioned the very resource results to become a basic one it to provide a qualitative transformation of the mode of performance of the enterprises. The analysis of such tendencies, their interpretations in the specialized papers and the determination of the prospective directions of their further investigation relevant for both practitioners and scholars constitute an object of the present article. The analysis realized operated with various research methods of general type (analysis, synthesis, etc.) and the specific ones (content analysis, comparativistic tools and others). Their application proved the relevance of the integral approach towards the enterprise’ Intellectual capital under Digitalization to determine correctly its impact over the organizational performance in a whole. The authors revealed the insufficiency to limit the investigation with the exposure of main layers of the recourse formed these before the digitalization trend as well as its new element due to the trend mentioned and constituted in terms of Network capital only. Nowadays the more and more attractive to scholars’ research topicality considers poorly the effects of relationship mechanisms between various layers and elements of intellectual capital to impede the identification of the causal relationship while their interaction and its overall total with the intellectual capital contribution to the business and society development. Such an analysis constitutes a perspective direction for the further research of the subject.

Research background: Currently the topic of a company’s intellectual capital is being widely investigated by various researchers. Nevertheless, only a small number of studies on the company’s intellectual capital impact on its market value were conducted. What is more, the concept of a company’s intellectual capital itself is not unified. There are some discrepancies in defining a company’s intellectual capital, unifying structural model of the company’s intellectual capital, and harmonizing the research methods and models of how to evaluate a company’s intellectual capital. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to examine various scientific approaches of the company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value of a respective company; to prepare a model of company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value. What is more, the aim of this article is to check and test the model effectiveness using an example of the Baltic States listed companies. Methods: Data on 58 Baltic States’ companies that are listed in Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange were taken as the basis of the research. Based on four component model (human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, relational capital) a set of indicators for assessing company’s intellectual capital was formed. Expert evaluation was used in order to assign weights for different structural parts of intellectual capital. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to find out what factors are the most significant for a company’s intellectual capital. In order to find out how specific elements affect company’s intellectual capital, a pair-wise multiple correlation and regression analysis were used. An average comparison method was used to reveal differences between companies of different countries. Findings & Value added: The study contributes to the Baltic States’ knowledge on intellectual capital. It was detected that it is appropriate to use human capital, structural capital, juridical capital, and relational capital structural parts as components of company’s intellectual capital while investigating its impact on market value of a respective company. According to the obtained results, the model of a company’s intellectual capital and its impact on the market value was created, optimized, and its validity checked using exploratory factor analysis. The model was used to test the Baltic States listed companies and how their intellectual capital affects the market value. It was identified that intellectual capital in the listed companies of the Baltic States has a positive impact on their market value. Nevertheless, the study revealed that intellectual capital structural parts do not equally affect the market value of listed companies. The findings support the conclusion that human capital and relational capital have the greatest influence on the market value of listed companies. Companies where structural capital comprises the largest proportion of intellectual capital had lower levels of intellectual capital aggregated index, which could be examined in future studies.