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Introduction: Syndactyly is a common congenital deformity with an incidence of 1/2000–3000 with a male predominance. Several surgical approaches were described for various clinical presentations. Despite well-documented techniques in current literature, causes, and management of complications remain a topic of debate and often vary based on clinical experience. This study aims to outline our surgical outcome and compare the related complications to those reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: Patient data were extracted from the clinical database and a retrospective study was conducted on 55 patients who underwent syndactyly release. Standardized surgical interventions were performed and early postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Of 55 patients, 39 patients were male and 16 were female. The surgical release of 102 webs (63 hands-71 webs, 21 feet-31 webs) was performed. Gender is not a factor that affects the complication rates (P = 0.062, P > 0.05). Age at surgery over 2 years is associated with increased postoperative complications (P = 0.032, P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, the most frequent complication was web creep (7%). Conclusion: Our retrospective study, despite its limitations, provides valuable insights into achieving successful outcomes and guides future research.

Abstract Objective Exploration of the efficacy of treating large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children using umbilical double-port laparoscopy combined with extraperitoneal water injection. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 cases of primary unilateral large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children treated at our hospital from May 2018 to May 2023. Among them, 90 cases underwent umbilical double-port laparoscopic surgery combined with extraperitoneal water injection and high ligation of the hernia sac (Double-Port Group), and another 75 cases underwent conventional three-port laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac (Three-Port Group). The two groups were compared in terms of operation time, postoperative pain scores at 24 hours, hospital stay, incision complications, and recurrence within one year after surgery. Results Both groups successfully completed the surgery without any intraoperative complications. The pain score at 24 hours postoperatively was lower in the Double-Port Group compared to the Three-Port Group, and there was no statistically significant difference in operation time, hospital stay, and incision complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both groups were followed up for one year postoperatively; the Three-Port Group had one recurrence that was cured after further treatment, while there were no recurrences in the Double-Port Group. Conclusion Umbilical double-port laparoscopy combined with extraperitoneal water injection for the treatment of large indirect inguinal hernias in infants and young children has the advantages of being safe and reliable, with concealed and aesthetic incisions, and rapid recovery.

Abstract Background The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has been rising with approximately one third of these patients requiring mastectomy. Among breast reconstruction treatment options, the use of Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) for pre-pectoral breast implant surgery has proven effective with improved cosmetic outcome. However, due to high cost it cannot be regularly implemented in a developing country like Pakistan. An alternative to ADM, Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl™, Ethicon) mesh has been introduced in pre-pectoral breast reconstructive surgery which has shown to be almost 10 times lower in cost. We set out to determine the frequency of early postoperative complications when using Polyglactin 910 mesh for pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction surgery. Methods A single centre, retrospective, chart review was conducted, and a total 28 women were included in the study. Thirty-two pre-pectoral implant-based mastectomies with Polyglactin 910 mesh were performed. Early post-operative outcomes (within 12 months of procedure) including duration of antibiotic use, post-operative infection, implant displacement, flap necrosis, seroma formation, wound dehiscence, hematoma formation, capsular contracture and reconstruction failure, were recorded. Results Only 4 (12.5%) women experienced early post-operative morbidity. One patient developed a wound dehiscence, which eventually led to reconstruction failure and removal of the implant. Another patient had seroma formation and flap necrosis. None of the patients developed postoperative implant displacement, hematoma formation or capsular contracture in the early post-operative period. Conclusion This study reveals that early post-operative outcomes with Polyglactin 910 mesh in breast reconstructive surgery are few, thus making it a cost effective, reliable, and safe treatment option, especially in developing countries like Pakistan.

Abstract Background Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are slowly growing tumor, deriving from the vestibular component of cranial nerve VIII. Primary treatment modalities include microsurgery, radiosurgery, a combination of microsurgery and radiosurgery, and conservative treatment. The management of VS is a matter of debate, particularly in case of small tumors (less than 2 cm in diameter size). Methods We performed an institutional retrospective review of a consecutive series of 28 surgically treated patients suffering from VS, operated in our institution. Patients were assigned on the ground of the preoperative imaging in two groups: tumors with major diameter of extra-meatal portion measuring ≥ 3 cm (Group I, 16 patients) and tumors with major diameter

Abstract Background Treatment of complex wide neck internal carotid aneurysm is technically difficult with both surgical as well as endovascular therapy. In this study, we work with flow diverter device to construct vascular lumen which diverts the blood flow from aneurysm sac. Case presentation We report on two patients with two complex wide neck ruptured aneurysms located in the internal carotid artery associated with two small aneurysms who presented with severe headache and vomiting. All aneurysms were treated with single Surpass Evolve flow diverter (SE-FD) placement. Post-procedural clinical and angiographic outcomes were evaluated Conclusion This study shows that Surpass Evolve flow diverter is safe and validity for management of complex wide neck internal carotid artery aneurysm and able to terminate all blister aneurysms associated with the parent artery.

Abstract Background (Rationale/Purpose/Objective) Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used to temporary control non-compressible truncal hemorrhage (NCTH) as bridge to definitive surgical treatment. The dependence on radiography for safe balloon positioning is one factor that limits the extended use of REBOA in civilian and military pre-hospital settings. We aimed to determine standardized sex and age-based variable-distance catheter insertion lengths for accurate REBOA placement without initial fluoroscopic confirmation. Methods Contrast enhanced CT-scans from a representative sample of a Dutch non-trauma population were retrospectively analyzed. Intravascular distances were measured from the bilateral common femoral artery access points (FAAP) to the middle of the aortic occlusion zones and accompanying boundaries. Means and 95% confidence intervals for the distances from the FAAPs to the boundaries and mid-zone III were calculated for all (combined) sex and age-based subgroups. Optimal insertion lengths and potentially safe regions were determined for these groups. Bootstrap analysis was performed in combination with a 40-mm long balloon introduction simulation to determine error-rates and REBOA placement accuracy for the general population. Results In total, 1354 non-trauma patients (694 females) were included. Vascular distances increased with age and were longer in males. The iliofemoral trajectory was 7 mm longer on the right side. The optimal zone I catheter insertion length would be 430 mm. Optimal zone III catheter insertion lengths showed up to 30 mm difference, ranging between 234 and 264 mm. Statistically significant and potentially clinically relevant differences were observed between the anatomical distances and necessary introduction depths for each subgroup. Conclusion This is the first study to compare aortic morphology and intravascular distances between combined sex and age-based subgroups. As zone III length was consistent, length variability and elongation seem to mainly originate in the iliofemoral trajectory and zone II. The optimal zone I catheter insertion length would be 430 mm. Optimal zone III catheter insertion ranged between 234 and 264 mm. These standardized variable-distance insertion lengths could facilitate safer fluoroscopy-free REBOA in austere, pre-hospital settings.

Abstract Objective The ultrasonographic characteristics of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed, and a predictive nomogram model was constructed to provide an imaging basis for better clinical evaluation. Methods B-mode ultrasound was used to retrospectively analyze the imaging characteristics of regional lymph nodes and tumors. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for lymph node metastasis. LASSO regression analysis was performed to screen noninvasive indicators, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed for breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. Results A total of 187 breast cancer patients were enrolled, including 74 patients with lymph node metastasis in the positive group and 113 patients without lymph node metastasis in the negative group. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological type (OR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.44–14.6, p = 0.01), tumor diameter (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07–1.74, p = 0.012), spiculated margins (OR = 7.92, 95% CI: 3.03–20.67, p

Abstract Purpose To summarize the abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinicopathological data of patients with SPNs of the pancreas and analyze the accuracy of preoperative CT diagnosis and features. Materials and methods Between June 2006 and June 2023, CT images of 120 histopathologically proven SPNs in the pancreas were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen features, including age, sex, and CT-determined features, were included in a multiple stepwise regression analysis. The correlations between features and SPNs, including odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were evaluated. Results Among the 120 patients, the diagnostic accuracy of CT was 43.3%. The baseline CT results of patients with a correct diagnosis and misdiagnosis revealed significant differences in sex (P = 0.043), age (P = 0.004), boundary (P = 0.037) and encapsulation (P = 0.002) between the two groups. The preoperative imaging diagnostic accuracy was significantly greater in females than in males (47.9% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.043). The immunohistochemical indices did not significantly differ between the two groups. The results of univariate analysis revealed significant differences in sex (P = 0.048), age (P = 0.014), tumor length (P = 0.023), tumor boundaries (P = 0.039) and capsule type (P = 0.003). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that encapsulation was closely related to the diagnostic accuracy of CT (P = 0.04). Conclusions The accuracy of CT in the diagnosis of SPNs is low, but a length‒diameter ratio of the tumor approaching 1.0, encapsulation and clear boundaries are important CT-determined features. The capsule is an independent CT predictor in the diagnosis of SPNs.

Abstract Objective Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) accounts for 43.4% of oral cancers in China and has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether radiomics features extracted from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could predict overall survival (OS) in patients with TSCC. Methods The clinical imaging data of 232 patients with pathologically confirmed TSCC at Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from February 2010 to October 2022. Based on 2–10 years of follow-up, patients were categorized into two groups: control (healthy survival, n = 148) and research (adverse events: recurrence or metastasis-related death, n = 84). A training and a test set were established using a 7:3 ratio and a time node. Radiomics features were extracted from axial T2-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. The corresponding radiomics scores were generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen for independent factors affecting adverse events in patients with TSCC using clinical and pathological results. A novel nomogram was established to predict the probability of adverse events and OS in patients with TSCC. Results The incidence of adverse events within 2–10 years after surgery was 36.21%. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that hot pot consumption, betel nut chewing, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, drug use, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, Radscore, and other factors impacted TSCC survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the clinical stage (P 0.05) in the training and test sets, accurately predicting the risk of adverse events and survival. Conclusion The nomogram constructed using clinical data and MRI radiomics parameters may accurately predict TSCC-OS noninvasively, thereby assisting clinicians in promptly modifying treatment strategies to improve patient prognosis.

Abstract Background Surgeries for sarcomas in the abdominal wall require wide resections, often radical en bloc resections, which generate major defects involving a very complex repair. The combined use of porcine dermal xenografts, together with composite meshes, may assist in the repair of these defects with minimal complications. Method We present a series of 19 patients (10 males and 9 females), with a mean age of 53.2 years (range: 11–86 years) treated in the Sarcoma Unit of the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Histopathologically, there were four chondrosarcomas (21%), three Ewing sarcomas (15.7%), two desmoid tumours (10.5%), two undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (10.5%), two well-differentiated liposarcomas (10.5%), two leiomyosarcomas (10.5%), one synovial sarcoma, one dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, one fibromyxoid sarcoma (or Evans tumour), and one metastasis from an adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. All the patients were resected following surgical oncology principles and reconstructed by means of the combined use of a composite mesh acting as a neoperitoneum and a porcine dermal xenograft acting as an abdominal neofascia. Results The mean size of the defects generated after surgery for tumour excision was 262.8 cm2 (range: 150–600 cm2). After a mean follow-up of 38 months, six patients (31.5%) developed complications—two cases of wound dehiscence, one case of surgical wound infection, one case of graft partial necrosis, one case of anastomotic leak and one death due to multiorgan failure secondary to massive bronchoaspiration. Conclusion Surgeries for sarcomas of the abdominal wall require wide oncological resections, which generate major abdominal wall defects. The repair of these defects by means of the combined use of synthetic and biological meshes is a technique associated with minimal complications and excellent medium-term results.

Abstract Aims To explore rare and difficult cases of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) in children in a single centre, summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience and analyse the role of a computer-assisted surgery system (Hisense CAS), thus providing a new global vision and three-dimensional perspective. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data including the diagnoses and treatment processes, of children with UESL confirmed by histopathological examination in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2020. The relationship between the tumour volume and important blood vessels and between the liver volume and tumour volume, as well as other three-dimensional characteristics in the reconstructed three-dimensional model were analysed using Hisense CAS. The findings from this analysis can be used to aid in surgical decision-making and preoperative planning. Results Four children—3 girls and 1 boy—with UESL were included in the study. The age at onset ranged from 6 to 8 years. All four children presented with symptoms of abdominal discomfort, and abdominal masses were detected during physical examination. Owing to the wishes of their parents and the possibility that the disease was benign, all four children underwent one-stage radical surgery. For patient 1, a three-dimensional reconstruction was created during the initial diagnosis, which made accurate evaluation and planning of the preoperative procedure challenging. In patient 2, the tumour was located in the middle lobe of the liver and involved the first and second hepatic hilum. For patient 3, the pathological diagnosis of the tumour after surgery was challenging, but eventually, the diagnosis was confirmed through histochemistry and consultation with higher-level hospitals. Patient 4 had a giant tumour, which had a preoperative simulated future liver remnant volume (FLV) that was 21.0% of the total volume of the liver and tumour (TLTV). According to the standard liver volume (SLV) for children, the FLV was 77.0% of the SLV, making surgery feasible. All four children underwent complete resection, and only patient 4 experienced recurrence below the diaphragm 19 months after surgery. Currently, the 3-year overall survival rate is 100%, and the 3-year event-free survival rate is 75%. Conclusion UESL in children is rare, and the key to diagnosis and treatment is complete surgical resection. Through individualized three-dimensional surgical planning, accurate and complete resection of difficult and complex UESL in children can be achieved, leading to a favourable prognosis.

Abstract Purpose Although the potential association between autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been acknowledged, whether the clinicopathological features of PTC will be affected by thyroid autoantibodies remains unknown. Patients and methods We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association of thyroid autoantibodies with clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in 15,305 patients (including 11,465 females and 3,840 males) from 3 medical centers in the central province of China. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to analyze the association of thyroid autoantibodies with clinicopathological features of PTC. Results In total, out of the 15,305 patients enrolled in this study, 10,087 (65.9%) had negative thyroid autoantibodies, while 5,218(34.1%) tested positive thyroid autoantibodies. Among these individuals, 1,530(10.0%) showed positivity for TPOAb only, 1,247(8.2%) for TGAb only and a further 2,441(15.9%) exhibited dual positivity for both TPOAb and TGAb combined. Thyroid autoantibodies level demonstrated significant correlations with certain aggressive features in PTC. Specifically, TGAb level displayed a direct correlation to an increased likelihood of multifocality, bilateral tumor, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, as well as more than five affected lymph nodes. However, TPOAb level exhibited an inverse association with the risk associated with extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and more than five affected lymph nodes. Conclusion Elevated level of TGAb were positively correlated with the risk of aggressive features in PTC, while high level of TPOAb were inversely associated with the risk of extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis.

Abstract Introduction Up to 88% of sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) are negative. The 31-gene expression profile (31-GEP) test can help identify patients with a low risk of SLN metastasis who can safely forego SLNB. The 31-GEP classifies patients as low (Class 1 A), intermediate (Class 1B/2A), or high risk (Class 2B) for recurrence, metastasis, and SLN positivity. The integrated 31-GEP (i31-GEP) combines the 31-GEP risk score with clinicopathologic features using a neural network algorithm to personalize SLN risk prediction. Methods Patients from a single surgical center with 31-GEP results were included (n = 156). An i31-GEP risk prediction 10% risk. Using the i31-GEP to guide SLNB decisions could have significantly reduced the number of unnecessary SLNBs by 19.2% (30/156, p 10% had a similar SLN positivity rate (33.3%) as patients with T3-T4 tumors (31.3%). Conclusion The i31-GEP identified patients with

Abstract Background The efficiency of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in detecting the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients has been investigated in some works, but no consistent findings are obtained. Therefore, this work focused on evaluating the precise prognostic role of CONUT for HNC patients through meta-analysis. Methods The effect of CONUT on predicting the prognosis of HNC patients was evaluated through calculating combined hazard ratios (HRs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The correlations of CONUT with clinicopathological features of HNC patients were investigated through combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CIs. This study used the random-effects model in the case of significant heterogeneity; or else, we selected the fixed-effects model. Results There were eight articles involving 1,478 patients enrolled for the current meta-analysis. We adopted the fixed-effects model for OS and DFS analysis because of the non-significant heterogeneity. As demonstrated by our combined findings, high CONUT score could significantly predict the poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.55–2.44, p

Abstract Background Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis (IPE) accounts for less than 2% of all infective endocarditis patients. It is commonly associated with several predisposing factors, including intravenous drug use (IVDU) and congenital heart disease. The most common causative pathogens of IPE are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans. We report a Down’s syndrome patient with IPE and with no standard risk factors caused by the rare pathogen Acinetobacter spp. This led to respiratory failure and systemic infection due to septic pulmonary emboli. Early elective surgery was decided upon as the patient was no longer responding to medical therapy, and his clinical condition was worsening over time. Case presentation A 15-year-old male with Down syndrome and no underlying heart defect presented with a 3-month history of episodic fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed large vegetation on the pulmonary valve leaflet, another mobile mass at the pulmonary artery bifurcation, and severe pulmonary regurgitation. Serial blood cultures isolated Acinetobacter spp. Despite initial antibiotic therapy, the patient continued to have sepsis, unresolved vegetations, and developed life-threatening complications and respiratory distress, which convinced us to perform a pulmonary valve replacement surgery with a homograft. After surgery, the patient recovered and was discharged on the ninth postoperative day (POD). Conclusion This report highlights IPE’s diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, alongside the importance of a comprehensive cardiopulmonary workup in patients with unexplained fever, sepsis, and pulmonary symptoms, even without typical risk factors. Based on the patient’s aggravating condition despite medical treatment, early surgical intervention and pulmonary valve replacement were deemed crucial. However, there still needs to be a definitive guideline on when and how surgery should be performed in patients with complicated IPE, especially in pediatric patients.

Abstract Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is indicated for elderly patients who often have severe comorbidities and high operative risk. Despite many advantages, it carries the potential for both early and late complications. The literature reports mainly periprocedural problems. This case report describes a rare instance of ascending aortic rupture as a late complication following TAVI. Case presentation An 81-year-old male with severe aortic stenosis (AS) was a non-surgical patient due to a high operative risk (EuroSCORE II 14.08%) and comorbidities, including cardiovascular problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, myelodysplastic syndrome. During the TAVI procedure Medtronic CoreValve™ Evolut™ R-26 was implanted via the right femoral artery. Postoperative period elapsed without complications and the patient was discharged home. Six months later, the patient was re-admitted to the hospital on an emergency basis and transferred directly to the operating room due to ascending aortic rupture (EuroSCORE II 53.20%, GERAADA score 64.9%). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed aortic rupture with a multiple fresh blood reservoirs and thrombus around the ascending aorta originating from the spot where the nitinol frame of the TAVI valve was attached to the native aorta. Supracoronary excision of the ascending aorta with implantation of a vascular graft (Intergard Woven Graft 34 mm) was performed, preserving the earlier implanted TAVI valve. On the 9th day after surgery the patient’s general condition deteriorated, he suffered from circulatory and respiratory insufficiency. Furthermore, a gastrointestinal bleeding with the need for gastro-, and colonoscopy and multiple blood transfusions occurred. Patient developed urosepsis and acute renal failure with the need for hemodiafiltration. Despite intensive treatment, further deterioration of the medical condition of the patient. and finally the multiple organ failure was observed. Patient died on the 50th postoperative day. Conclusions TAVI is a safe method of treating severe AS, especially recommended for non-surgical candidates. Rupture of the ascending aorta is a rare but serious complication of TAVI that usually occur during or shortly after the procedure. This case report highlights the importance of post-procedural monitoring for such TAVI complications, even in the late period following TAVI, and if such complications occur, taking the risk to perform a life-saving operation.

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to explore the clinical value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysm. Methods The imaging data of 60 patients suspected of having aortic aneurysms who were examined in the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2017 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were used to examine the patients, and CTA image findings were collected and compared with DSA findings. Results There was no significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosing aortic aneurysms (P > 0.05) between DSA [98.33% (59/60)] and CTA [95.00% (57/60)]. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis of image features (e.g., typing, site, form) of aortic aneurysms (P > 0.05). Conclusion CTA can be used to successfully confirm if patients suffer from an aortic aneurysm; it produces quality images with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy and can be promoted in clinical practice.

Abstract Background Depression significantly impacts recovery and return to daily activities in cardiac surgery patients. Assessing and managing depressive symptoms before and after surgery are crucial for improving surgical outcomes and timely return to daily activities, including work. The objectives of this study were to examine differences in patients’ depression levels in relation to their return to daily activities in the early post-cardiac surgery period, and to assess predictors of delayed return to daily activities. Methods This single-centered study assessed return to independence, social participation, hobbies, and work in 100 cardiac surgical patients at 2 and 6 weeks post-surgery. Associations between depression levels and return to daily activities scores were evaluated. Results Higher Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores were significantly associated with delayed return to daily activities in all categories at both 2 and 6 weeks post-surgery. Specifically, higher depression score delayed return to independence and social participation at 2 weeks, and delayed return to independence, social participation, and return to work at 6 weeks. Conclusion Elevated depression scores are significantly associated with delayed return to daily activities post-cardiac surgery, indicating the importance of evaluating depression in cardiac surgical patients in the postend stage-operative period.

Abstract Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance examination technique for prenatal genetic diagnosis and clinical intrauterine treatment of fetal congenital cystic adenoma (CCAM) of the lung. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 108 pregnant women admitted to a certain hospital from January 2016 to January 2022 for pre natal examination and consultation on eugenics. The selected pregnant women were aged 20–40 and had a gestational age of 17–36 weeks. Ultrasound and MRI examinations were performed on 108 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Follow-up and investigation were conducted on the fetus after being diagnosed with CCAM. To analyze the results of prenatal genetic diagnosis, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) was used to analyze samples with pathogenic Copy Number Variants (CNV) and identify pathogenic genes. Finally, the imaging diagnosis results obtained through statistical software were analyzed, and the correlation between pathogenic genes and CCAM, as well as the clinical application value of MRI in fetal intrauterine treatment was explored. Results Among all cases, 68 fetuses were diagnosed with CCAM through ultrasound examination; 71 fetuses were diagnosed with CCAM through MRI examination. A total of 74 samples were confirmed as CCAM by autopsy and neonatal CT. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in diagnosing fetal congenital CCAM were higher than those of ultrasound examination. The expression of CCAM was positively correlated with DUSP22, PRSS1, and SHOX, with all R values greater than 0.8. The clinical decision curve showed that when the probability of fetal CCAM was less than 0.03, the prenatal genetic diagnostic model of MRI was not applicable; But when the probability of fetal CCAM was higher than 0.05, the auxiliary intrauterine treatment effect that MRI diagnostic methods achieved was significantly better than conventional diagnosis. Conclusion MRI is significantly better than ultrasound in the diagnosis of CCAM, which can effectively improve the sensitivity of diagnosis and provide accurate information for the eugenics of pregnant women, and has high clinical application value.

Abstract Background It is controversial whether pulmonary function testing should be performed routinely in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of our study was to focus on patients who have congestive heart failure, caused by left ventricular dysfunction or left-sided heart valve disease, and study the prognostic value of performing preoperative pulmonary function testing on their postoperative outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective propensity score matched study that included 366 patients with congestive heart failure who underwent cardiac surgery and had preoperative pulmonary function test. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 who had a normal or mild reduction in pulmonary function tests and group 2 who had moderate to severe reduction in pulmonary function tests. The postoperative outcomes, including pulmonary complications, were compared between the two groups. Results Pulmonary function tests were normal or mildly reduced in 190 patients (group 1) and moderately to severely reduced in 176 patients (group 2). Propensity matching identified 111 matched pairs in each group with balanced preoperative and operative characteristics. Compared to group 1, Group 2 had longer duration of mechanical ventilation [12 (7.5–16) vs. 9 (6.5–13) hours, p

Abstract Objective This study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes and disease-free survival (DFS) between pneumonectomy after immunochemotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods We retrospectively identified patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (n = 15) or chemotherapy alone (n = 12) in our single center between 2021 and 2023. The primary end point was 30-day major complications. The secondary end point was major pathologic response. Results There was no significant difference in operation time, blood loss and postoperative stay time between ICI (Received immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors) and Chemo cohort. There were also no difference in postoperative complications including complications > grade III, 90-day death and bronchial fistula. The pCR rate was 40.0% (6/15) in the ICI cohort versus 0.0% (0/12) in the chemo cohort (p = 0.020). The MPR or pCR rate was 60.0% (9/15) in the ICI cohort versus 8.3% (1/12) in the chemo cohort (p = 0.014). ICI cohort was associated with an improved overall 1, 2, and 3-year disease-free survival(DFS)compared with chemo cohort. At the same time, both patients received ICI and Chemo were grouped according to whether pCR occurred or not, and it was found that DFS in the pCR group was better than DFS in the non-pCR group. Conclusions Based on our results, we argue that compared with pneumonectomy after isolated chemotherapy, pneumonectomy after immunochemotherapy not added 90-day mortality, postoperative, morbidity, but improved DFS; thus, it should be the induction therapy choice for anatomically eligible centrally located lung cancers.

Abstract Background Open heart surgery, involving median sternotomy, may cause diminished chest wall motion and restrictive pulmonary function in the early postoperative period. Thoracic and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) exercises are often recommended after surgery but have not been evaluated regarding effect on lung volumes and oxygenation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of upper limb elevations, with or without simultaneous deep breathing, on lung function after cardiac surgery. Methods In a randomized 2 × 2 crossover trial, 22 adult patients (> 18 years old) were assessed during one of the first days after surgery in the spring of 2022 at Örebro University Hospital, Sweden. Exercises involving five bilateral upper limb elevations, performed either with simultaneous deep breathing (ROM-DB) or without (ROM), while sitting in an upright position at the edge of the bed, were evaluated. Peripheral oxygen saturation (Rad-5v; Masimo, Irvine, USA) was the primary outcome. Tidal volume and respiratory rate were recorded continuously during the exercises (Spiropalm; Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Heart rate, pain, exertion and dyspnoea were evaluated before and after the exercises. Results Both ROM-DB and ROM momentarily increased peripheral oxygen saturation (+ 1% ± 1, p = 0.004 and + 1% ± 1, p

Abstract Purpose We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features extracted from gross tumor volume (GTV) and peritumoral volumes (PTV) of 5, 10, and 15 mm to identify the tumor grades corresponding to the new histological grading system proposed in 2020 by the Pathology Committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). Methods A total of 151 lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as pure ground-glass lung nodules (pGGNs) were included in this randomized multicenter retrospective study. Four radiomic models were constructed from GTV and GTV + 5/10/15-mm PTV, respectively, and compared. The diagnostic performance of the different models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis Results The pGGNs were classified into grade 1 (117), 2 (34), and 3 (0), according to the IASLC grading system. In all four radiomic models, pGGNs of grade 2 had significantly higher radiomic scores than those of grade 1 (P

Abstract Background This case report documents the first worldwide use of the Hybrid System from Spectrum Medical in a heart transplant procedure, focusing on its safety and efficacy. Traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems often use an open reservoir, which increases the blood’s exposure to air, thereby heightening the risk of an inflammatory response and gas embolism. In contrast, the Hybrid System is designed to improve surgical outcomes by significantly reducing the blood-air interface. This system utilizes a dual-chamber cardiotomy-venous reservoir with a collapsible soft bag, effectively minimizing blood contact with air and foreign materials. However, it is important to note that there is currently no evidence supporting the use of this methodology specifically in heart transplants. Case presentation A 41-year-old male managed with a left ventricular assist device because of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent a heart transplant using the Hybrid System. The perioperative and postoperative data provided evidence of the system’s effectiveness. The selection of this patient was due to the absence of significant comorbidities unrelated to his primary cardiac condition, making him an ideal candidate to evaluate the system’s performance. Conclusion The Hybrid System is safe and efficient. The successful implementation in this case highlights its advantages over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass systems, suggesting a promising future in cardiac surgery. Further studies with routine cardiac surgery patients are required to validate these findings.

Abstract Background In recent years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a widely used treatment for low-risk elderly patients. As an alternative to TAVI via the femoral artery, transapical TAVI (TA-TAVI) is a better surgical choice for patients with severe vascular diseases. The J-Valve assists doctors in completing valve implantation easily using its positioning locator device, which prevents the self-leaflet from approaching the sinus wall. This function acts as coronary artery protection to avoid coronary occlusion. However, the clinical prognosis of J-Valve implantation for patients with aortic valve stenosis and low coronary openings is unclear. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary openings measuring ≤ 10 mm in height. All patients underwent TA-TAVI with J-Valve implantation. Patients were screened using preoperative computed tomography three-dimensional imaging of the aortic root, and the safety and efficacy of the procedure were evaluated. The collected indexes included patients’ general data, cardiac function, preoperative imaging parameters, intraoperative data and postoperative short-term prognosis. Results Of the 30 patients in the study successfully underwent TA-TAVI and J-Valve implantation. Two patients required temporary cardiopulmonary bypass assistance during the operation due to heart failure. The implant success rate was 100%, and there were no deaths within 30 days postoperatively. No patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative coronary artery occlusion. Postoperative echocardiography, physiological state and laboratory test results indicated that all patients recovered well. The electrocardiograms remained normal after TA-TAVI, and heart function improved within 30 days. Conclusion Transapical TAVI with J-Valve implantation is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with AS and a low coronary artery opening. Preoperative coronary artery evaluation and the locators of the J-Valve are crucial in preventing coronary artery occlusion. This treatment regimen provides beneficial outcomes and warrants further multi-centre clinical research in the future.

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate the differences between pre- and postoperative access conditions in percutaneous endovascular aortic repair (PEVAR). Methods Between December 2021 and October 2023, PEVAR was performed on 61 patients using the Perclose ProStyle (Abbott Vascular). Enhanced computed tomography and ankle-brachial index tests were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. The inner diameter and area of the iliofemoral artery were automatically measured, and the pre- and postoperative values were compared (114 legs). The same analysis was performed on 12 legs with previous groin operations; open surgical EVAR was performed in 9 legs, an endarterectomy of the femoral artery in 1, and a femoropopliteal bypass in the other leg. Results All patients were discharged without surgical site infections, lymphatic fistulas, or retroperitoneal haematomas. There were no significant differences between the pre-and postoperative inner diameter and inner area of the external iliac artery and common femoral artery. There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative ankle-brachial index tests. In 12 legs with a previous groin operation, the postoperative ankle-brachial index tests and inner diameter and area of the external iliac artery and common femoral artery were statistically equal to the preoperative values. Conclusions This study can support the safety of percutaneous endovascular aortic repair, even in patients with redo groin operations.

Abstract Background Aortic regurgitation with dilated annulus presents a technical challenge for conventional transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures. Case presentation We report a case of an 84-year-old frail patient with a history of breathlessness found to have severe aortic regurgitation and moderately impaired left ventricular systolic function. The patient underwent a successful TAVI procedure using the XL-Myval 32 mm transcatheter heart valve (THV) via an anterior right mini-thoracotomy with a direct aortic approach. The patient recovered well post-operatively with good hemodynamic resolution. Conclusions This first in human case highlights the efficacy and potential of applying innovative approaches, such as the new sizes of Myval THV and direct aortic access via anterior right mini thoracotomy, in addressing challenging anatomical variations in TAVI procedures with good outcome.

Цель. Оценить и сравнить эффективность и безопасность одномоментных и этапных чрескожных коронарных вмешательств и транскатетерных имплантаций аортального клапана. Методы. Поиск источников проводили в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и Cochrane Library по ключевым словам. Отобрали наиболее цитируемые исследования, содержащие данные о подходах к эндоваскулярному лечению пациентов с ишемический болезнью сердца и аортальным стенозом при помощи одномоментных и этапных чрескожного коронарного вмешательства и транскатетерной имплантации аортального клапана. Анализировали показатели выживаемости, осложнений и других конечных точек исследований, а также влияние очередности вмешательств на исходы лечения. Результаты. При поиске по ключевым словам в базах данных выявили 1 527 оригинальных источников, из которых в обзор включили 60: проспективные и ретроспективные исследования, а также последние рекомендации профессиональных сообществ по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям, данные статистики оперативных вмешательств и заболеваемости, фундаментальные работы. Приблизительно в 70 % случаев используют этапный подход, при котором сначала выполняют чрескожное коронарное вмешательство, а затем транскатетерную имплантацию аортального клапана. В большинстве работ при сравнении различных подходов не выявлено достоверной разницы по конечным точкам, в госпитальном периоде их частота, как правило, в пределах 3 %, а в отдаленном — до 30 %. Тем не менее при детальном анализе частоты определенных контрольных точек в ряде работ выявлены противоречия. Заключение. Несмотря на активное изучение результатов одномоментных и этапных чрескожных коронарных вмешательств и транскатетерных имплантаций аортального клапана, ответ на вопрос о том, какой подход лучше, не определен. Последовательность вмешательств не отражена в современных рекомендациях, большинство крупных работ носит ретроспективный характер, а их выводы неоднозначны. Необходимы дополнительные проспективные исследования, чтобы определить категории пациентов, которым та или иная очередность операций принесет наибольшую пользу. Поступила в редакцию 9 апреля 2024 г. Исправлена 19 мая 2024 г. Принята к печати 2 июля 2024 г. Финансирование Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Актуальность. Клиническая значимость параметров, характеризующих диастолическую функцию левого желудочка после операций на сердце, недостаточно изучена. Цель. Проверить гипотезу о взаимосвязи эхокардиографических параметров диастолической функции левого желудочка и тяжелого периоперационного повреждения миокарда. Методы. В ретроспективное когортное исследование включили 220 пациентов, перенесших изолированное коронарное шунтирование в условиях искусственного кровообращения. Анализировали степень диастолической дисфункции, характеристики трансмитрального кровотока (скорость раннего диастолического наполнения левого желудочка (пиковая Е) и отношение пиковой Е к скорости наполнения в систолу левого предсердия (E/A)), индекс объема левого предсердия, скорость трикуспидальной регургитации, среднюю скорость движения кольца митрального клапана (е’) и соотношение E/e’ согласно данным эхокардиографии до и после операции. Тяжелое повреждение миокарда (первичная конечная точка) определяли как концентрацию высокочувствительного тропонина I более 5 670 нг/л в первые сутки после операции. Результаты. Согласно результатам ROC-анализа, пиковая Е, превышающая 71 см/с, и E/A более 1,3 были ассоциированы с риском тяжелого повреждения миокарда. Кроме того, диастолическую дисфункцию 2-й и 3-й степеней выявили у 13,1 % пациентов с послеоперационным содержанием тропонина I менее 5 670 нг/л и у 42,9 % пациентов с уровнем более 5 670 нг/л (p = 0,009). Заключение. Послеоперационная степень диастолической дисфункции и параметры трансмитрального кровотока ассоциированы с прогностически неблагоприятным уровнем тропонина I. Поступила в редакцию 26 января 2024 г. Исправлена 31 июля 2024 г. Принята к печати 2 августа 2024 г. Финансирование Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Вклад авторов Концепция и дизайн работы: С.М. Ефремов Сбор и анализ данных: С.М. Ефремов, Р.Е. Шмидт, Т.А. Шмидт, А.В. Зырянова Статистическая обработка данных: С.М. Ефремов, Р.Е. Шмидт Написание статьи: С.М. Ефремов, Р.Е. Шмидт, А.В. Зырянова Исправление статьи: все авторы Утверждение окончательного варианта статьи: все авторы

Цель. Изучить результаты аутоартериальной реваскуляризации с использованием Y-композитных и in situ кондуитов внутренних грудных артерий в госпитальном периоде и через 1 год. Методы. В исследование включили 200 пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, которым выполнили коронарное шунтирование с марта 2018 г. по март 2021 г. Пациентов рандомизировали при помощи метода конвертов на 2 группы: в первой использовали аутоартериальные кондуиты из внутренних грудных артерий по методике in situ (n = 100); во второй — с формированием Y-композитных конструкций (n = 100). За первичную конечную точку исследования принимали повторную реваскуляризацию и количество больших неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий (англ. Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events, MACCE). Результаты. В уровне свободы от основных неблагоприятных сердечных и мозговых событий достоверной разницы не получили: 97,9 % (95% доверительный интервал 92,1–99,5) для группы in situ и 94,8 % (95% доверительный интервал 88,1–97,8) для группы Y-композитных конструкций, p = 0,24. Через 1 год свобода от повторной реваскуляризации составила для группы in situ 97,9 (95% доверительный интервал 92,0–99,4), для группы Y-композитных конструкций 97,9 % (95% доверительный интервал 91,9–99,4), p = 0,97. Достоверно значимую разницу получили в продолжительности операции, которая в группе in situ составила 235 [197,5; 252,5] против 252,5 [225; 290] мин в группе Y-композитных конструкций, p < 0,002. В группе Y-композитных конструкций инфекционные осложнения на грудине были достоверно значимо чаще, чем в группе in situ, p < 0,023. Заключение. Несмотря на гипотетические преимущества бимаммарного коронарного шунтирования с Y-образной конфигурацией, в результатах между группами in situ и Y-композитных конструкций нет существенных различий. Поступила в редакцию 7 ноября 2023 г. Исправлена 10 июня 2024 г. Принята к печати 24 июня 2024 г. Финансирование Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Вклад авторов Концепция и дизайн работы: А.К. Сабетов, Д.С. Хван, М.О. Жульков Сбор и анализ данных: А.К. Сабетов Статистическая обработка данных: А.А. Шаданов, А.К. Сабетов Написание статьи: А.К. Сабетов Исправление статьи: Д,А. Сирота, Д.С. Хван, А.М. Чернявский Утверждение окончательного варианта статьи: все авторы

Актуальность. Синдром гипоплазии левых отделов сердца — критический врожденный порок сердца, занимающий ведущее место в структуре смертности от врожденных пороков, несмотря на низкую распространенность (до 0,2 на 1 000 новорожденных). Цель. Представить комплекс хирургической, медикаментозной и амбулаторно-профилактической помощи новорожденным и детям первого года жизни с синдромом гипоплазии левых отделов сердца в стационарном и межстадийном периодах лечения. Методы. Методика состоит из 5 этапов: 1-й этап — раздельное суживание легочных артерий; 2-й этап — продленная инфузия простагландина Е1 и симптоматическая терапия (в том числе процедура Рашкинда по показаниям). Рекомендованная длительность этапа — не менее 18 дней — при необходимости увеличивается или уменьшается в зависимости от вида осложнений. В настоящем исследовании рекомендованную продолжительность соблюли 3 из 8 пациентов, в остальных случаях этап длился 9–15 дней; 3-й этап — операция Норвуда; 4-й этап — динамическое стационарно-амбулаторное наблюдение и лечение; 5-й этап — двунаправленный кавопульмональный анастомоз. Результаты. По предлагаемой методике пролечено 8 пациентов. Всем выполнили раздельное суживание с последующей операцией Норвуда без летальных исходов. В процессе динамического наблюдения 3 больным провели стентирование перешейка аорты после операции Норвуда. Один пациент умер по месту жительства. Шести больным выполнили двунаправленный кавопульмональный анастомоз без летальных исходов. Заключение. Предлагаемый подход многоэтапного лечения пациентов с синдромом гипоплазии левых отделов сердца позволяет улучшить непосредственные результаты операции Норвуда и снизить межстадийную летальность вследствие раннего выявления и устранения осложнений. Поступила в редакцию 19 января 2024 г. Исправлена 19 мая 2024 г. Принята к печати 22 мая 2024 г. Финансирование Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Вклад авторов Концепция и дизайн работы: А.А. Свободов, Е.Г. Левченко, Д.А. Горбань Сбор и анализ данных: А.А. Свободов, Е.Г. Левченко, Д.А. Горбань Статистическая обработка данных: А.А. Свободов, М.В. Макаренко Написание статьи: А.А. Свободов, М.Р. Туманян, А.И. Ким, Е.Г. Левченко, А.Ю. Эргашов, Д.А. Горбань Исправление статьи: А.А. Свободов, М.Р. Туманян, А.И. Ким, Е.Г. Левченко, Р.С. Гуласарян, Е.З. Голухова Утверждение окончательного варианта статьи: все авторы

Актуальность. Разработка гибридных протезов нового поколения призвана улучшить результаты хирургического лечения комбинированных поражений дуги и нисходящего отдела аорты. Цель. Оценка биосовместимости нового браншированного гибридного стент-графта. Методы. Разработанный гибридный стент-графт состоит из двух частей: сосудистой части и стент-графтовой части с дополнительной стентированной браншей для реконструкции левой подключичной артерии. Для оценки биологической совместимости имплантировали стент-графт 25 крупным свиньям в позицию нисходящего грудного отдела аорты. Оценивали операционную смертность, послеоперационные осложнения, результаты селективной ангиографии аорты и гистологического исследования через 6 мес. Результаты. Имплантация гибридного стент-графта во всех случаях прошла успешно, без осложнений. В раннем периоде погибли 3 животных, причинами смерти стали дыхательная недостаточность из-за баротравмы легкого, интраоперационное кровотечение и внезапная сердечная смерть. Остальные свиньи дожили до окончания срока наблюдения (6 мес.) без осложнений, после чего были выведены из эксперимента. Длительность перфузии посредством сонно-бедренного шунтирования составила 55 [50; 60] мин. Объем пропотевания крови через сосудистую часть протеза — 2,28 ± 0,23 мл/см2/мин. Объем кровопотери за первый час по дренажам — порядка 70,2 ± 8,9 мл. По данным ангиографии аорты через 6 мес. после операции, основное тело и ветви гибридного стент-графта полностью проходимы. Миграции, деформации или эндоликов не наблюдалось. Результаты анализа гистологических срезов показали наличие конфлюэнтного слоя неоинтимы, непрерывно и равномерно распространенного по всей луминальной поверхности кондуитов, включая боковые бранши и анастомозы. Неоинтима представлена слоями однонаправленных клеток фибробластного ряда, гиперплазирована, ее луминальная поверхность покрыта слоем эндотелиоцитов. Заключение. Продемонстрированы техническая возможность и безопасность применения нового гибридного стент-графта с дополнительной стентированной браншей. Поступила в редакцию 16 июля 2024 г. Исправлена 1 августа 2024 г. Принята к печати 15 августа 2024 г. Финансирование Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта № 22-15-20005 (соглашение № 22-15-20005 от 22.03.2022 г. с Российским научным фондом, соглашение № р-12 от 13.03.2023 г. с Министерством науки и инновационной политики Новосибирской области). Конфликт интересов Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Вклад авторов Концепция и дизайн работы: А.М. Чернявский, И.Ю. Журавлева, Д.А. Сирота, А.А. Шаданов Сбор и анализ данных: А.А. Шаданов, Д.А. Сирота, М.М. Ляшенко, С.В. Владимиров, Т.П. Тимченко, А.А. Докучаева, В.П. Бородин, А.К. Сабетов, Д.В. Хомушку, М.Н. Муртазалиев, Я.Л. Русакова, Е.В. Кузнецова Статистическая обработка данных: А.А. Шаданов Написание статьи: А.А. Шаданов, Д.А. Сирота Исправление статьи: И.Ю. Журавлева, Д.А. Сирота, А.М. Чернявский Утверждение окончательного варианта статьи: все авторы

Актуальность. Механические протезы клапанов сердца при всем многообразии моделей имеют общий недостаток: их форма и особенности строения запирающих элементов создают препятствие току крови. В основе конструкции механического протеза «МедИнж-СТ» (ЗАО НПП «МедИнж», Пенза, Россия) лежит принцип полнопроточности, что должно увеличить эффективную площадь отверстия клапана при сохранении тех же размеров импланта. Результаты применения данного типа протезов недостаточно изучены. В литературе имеются единичные публикации без сравнения с другими моделями. Цель. Сравнить непосредственные результаты протезирования аортального клапана полнопроточным и стандартным механическими протезами. Методы. В ретроспективное исследование включили 246 пациентов, перенесших протезирование аортального клапана механическим протезом с 2015 по 2021 г. Стандартный двустворчатый протез «МедИнж-2» имплантировали 134 пациентам, полнопроточный протез «МедИнж-СТ» — 112 больным. Для устранения исходных различий между группами провели псевдорандомизацию (propensity score matching). Первичная конечная точка — уровень транспротезного градиента. Результаты. После псевдорандомизации получили 2 группы по 90 человек в каждой. Госпитальная летальность в группах «МедИнж-СТ» и «МедИнж-2» составила 2,2 и 6,7 % соответственно (р = 0,178). В раннем послеоперационном периоде не выявили различий между группами в ремоделировании полости левого желудочка. В группе «МедИнж-СТ» отметили значимо более низкие транспротезные градиенты (средние градиенты 12,6 и 16,1 мм рт. ст., р

Актуальность. Миксома — наиболее распространенная доброкачественная опухоль сердца. В левом предсердии ее типичной локализацией является межпредсердная перегородка в области овальной ямки; любое другое расположение считается атипичным. Результаты хирургического лечения миксом достаточно изу­чены, однако нет данных о результатах лечения атипично локализованных миксом левого предсердия. Цель. Анализ результатов хирургического лечения атипично локализованных миксом левого предсердия с оценкой пред- и послеоперационных факторов риска, эмболических осложнений. Методы. Выполнен ретроспективный обзор результатов хирургического лечения атипично локализованных миксом левого предсердия (n = 52) в период с 2008 по 2022 г. Результаты. Нелетальные госпитальные осложнения развились у 15 пациентов (29 %). Госпитальная летальность составила 6 % (n = 3). Сравнительный анализ данных трансторакальной эхокардиографии перед операцией и на момент выписки продемонстрировал снижение конечного диастолического объема левого желудочка и уменьшение размеров левого предсердия к моменту выписки (p < 0,001). Факторы риска нелетальных осложнений на госпитальном этапе: хроническая сердечная недостаточность III функционального класса по классификации Нью-Йоркской ассоциации кардиологов (ХСН III ФК по NYHA) (p < 0,001), значение по шкале EuroSCORE II (p = 0,03). Факторы риска госпитальной летальности: пожилой возраст (p = 0,03), EuroSCORE II (p = 0,03). Выявлена связь между предоперационными эмболическими осложнениями и локализацией миксомы на задней стенке левого предсердия (p = 0,02), ворсинчатой формой миксомы (p

Background: Various physical phenomena come into use in medicine; however, to date, universal physical methods have not been developed to optimize the course of the wound healing at all treatment stages. In combustiology, the first stage of burn treatment is debridement; then it is important to create an optimal biological environment, normalize blood circulation, suppress pathogenic flora, and stimulate proliferative processes in the wound.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low-temperature argon plasma (LTAP) and ultrasonic cavitation in deep burn wound treatment based on clinical observations and cytological findings.Materials and methods: We studied impression smears from burn wounds of 36 patients with deep burns of various etiologies who were treated using LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation in the Thermal Injuries Unit at the Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) between 2022 and 2023.Results: We found that cytogram findings in the study area changed from the inflammatory type to the regenerative-inflammatory one on day 3-7 when LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation were used, while such change in the control area was observed only after 10 days of treatment. Thanks to the use of LTAP and ultrasound after necrosectomy for deep dermal burns, the wound preparation for autologous skin grafting takes less time than it does with standard methods of local burn wound care. Ultrasonic cavitation should be used in cases of severe exudation and slough, whereas LTAP should be used when reparative processes in a burn wound slow down.Conclusions: Burn wound treatment using ultrasonic cavitation and LTAP enables to prepare the wound surface for autologous skin grafting with a high engraftment rate. The procedure allows to effectively and atraumatically debride the wound and suppress pathogenic microflora. Further research is planned in patients with large deep burn wounds.

Calcification of the lower extremities arteries is an unfavorable factor for vascular surgery. Extensive lesions of the femoral segment are an indication for femoropopliteal bypass surgery. Calcification of the femoral arteries complicates the construction of a proximal anastomosis because it precludes clamping the arteries. In addition to technical difficulties in the construction of an anastomosis, significant calcification increases the risks of bleeding and embolic complications and the duration of surgery. In cases of total calcification of the femoral and iliac arteries, balloon occlusion during the construction of an anastomosis makes it possible to occlude the arteries without clamping, which reduces the risks of perioperative complications. We report a case of femoropopliteal bypass surgery in a patient with total calcification of the iliofemoral segment and occlusion of the superficial femoral artery.

Objective: To study and compare surgical risks and immediate effectiveness of surgical treatment in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB).Materials and methods: We examined immediate treatment outcomes of 1180 patients who underwent surgery for destructive MDRTB, pre-XDR-TB, and XDR-TB between 2011 and 2023. The patients were grouped: group 1 for patients with MDR-TB (744 cases) and group 2 for patients with pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB (436 cases). Moreover, patients were further subdivided based on the extent of surgery.Results: The complete clinical response, ie, cavity closure and elimination of bacilli (CV-, MBT-), was achieved in all 405 patients who underwent radical surgery, in 673 (97.1%) of 694 patients who underwent semiradical surgery, and only in 10 (12.3%) of 81 patients who underwent palliative surgery.Conclusions: The immediate outcomes of surgical treatment for MDR-TB were superior in all parameters compared with those for pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB; however, we found no significant differences when we evaluated treatment effectiveness in patients who underwent radical and semiradical surgery.

Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare congenital heart anomaly in which the right atrium is divided into 2 chambers by a membrane. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the degree of the right atrium separation and the presence of concomitant anomalies. We report a case of asymptomatic cor triatriatum dexter diagnosed during transthoracic echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Transthoracic echocardiography is a sensitive primary diagnostic tool for such congenital heart disease as cor triatriatum dexter.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system accompanied by neurodegeneration contributing to cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairment occurs in 40%-65% of patients with MS and can manifest even in the early stages of the disease.Objective: To evaluate cognitive dysfunction features in patients with MS.Materials and methods: The study included patients with MS (n=30; age, 40.8±9.74 years; disease duration, 9.67±6.96 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score, 4.76±2.11) and healthy individuals (n=30; age, 40.3±12.24 years). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).Results: Cognitive impairment in the group of MS patients was found in 73.3% of the cases. The mean MoCA, PASAT-3, and PASAT-2 scores of MS patients were 13.56%, 24.31%, and 29.48% lower than those in the control group, respectively. In women, the cognitive level in MS patients remains higher than in men. Analysis of the PASAT-3 and PASAT-2 results in MS patients did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the groups of patients aged 18-35 years and those aged 36-44 years and the groups of patients aged 18-35 years and those aged 45-59 years. The results of the MoCA and hearing tests in patients with higher and secondary education were not statistically significant. We found an inverse relationship between EDSS and PASAT-2 (R= −0.49; P< .05), EDSS and PASAT-3 (R= −0.37; P< .05). The most severe cognitive impairment was observed with high EDSS (7.5-9).Conclusions: We have identified features of cognitive functions in MS. Follow-up and therapy of MS patients require cognitive dysfunction assessment using appropriate scales.

Background: Although there is a significant incidence of spinal metastases and hematolymphoid tumors, the treatment strategy (decompression or decompression+stabilization surgery) for patients with impending spinal instability (Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score [SINS] values of 7-12) has not been clearly defined.Objective: To examine the rationale of decompression or decompression+stabilization surgery in patients with impending spinal instability (SINS values of 7-12) due to spinal metastases and hematolymphoid tumors and to assess treatment results within the specified range of SINS values.Materials and methods: The study included 92 patients with spinal metastases and hematolymphoid tumors who underwent surgery between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2022 at the National Medical Research Center for Oncology (Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation). The main inclusion criterion was SINS values of 7-12. All patients underwent palliative surgical treatment: either decompression and stabilization or decompression alone.Results: Stabilization of the spinal column was performed in 71 (77%) patients; in 21 (23%) patients, the affected segment was not fixed during surgery. Patients who underwent decompression had a higher rate of postoperative complications, with an increase in postoperative instability of the affected segment being the most significant. As for patients who underwent decompression + stabilization we found a moderate positive correlation between the lesion level and the number of fixed segments (r = 0.33, P< .05) and a weak negative correlation between the residual height of the vertebral body and the number of fixed segments (r = −0.26, P< .05).Conclusions: Stabilization in patients with impending spinal instability (SINS = 7-12) due to tumors is a more justified treatment strategy than decompression alone

Introduction: Hydatidiform mole with a normally developing fetus is a rare case associated with an increased risk of bleeding, preterm birth, preeclampsia, congenital anomalies, and intrauterine fetal death.Case report: We report a case of a twin pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a normal fetus. The pregnancy was conceived via in vitro fertilization. The complete hydatidiform mole was diagnosed during the first screening. We extended the pregnancy until 38 weeks’ gestation. Thanks to the control of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and dynamic ultrasound monitoring, the woman successfully gave birth.

Background: One-lung ventilation is used to improve surgical visualization and facilitate thoracoscopic manipulations; however, it induces ventilation/perfusion mismatch, exacerbating the inflammatory response that causes hypoxemia in the perioperative period. Opioid analgesics are the main analgesic drugs used during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), but their use is associated with adverse effects and higher risk of respiratory complications. Corrective measures to eliminate hypoxemia, reduce the inflammatory response, control pain, and minimize opioid-induced adverse effects are crucial in thoracic surgery.Objective: To study the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing lung damage and postoperative complications after VATS.Materials and methods: We examined 100 patients who underwent lobectomy via a thoracoscopic approach. The patients were grouped based on anesthetic management: group 1 (n = 50) with intraoperative dexmedetomidine and group 2 (n = 50) without it. We determined the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF and calculated PaO2/FiO2 and A-aDO2. We also assessed the postoperative pain intensity, need for trimeperidin promedol and tramadol, and incidence of postoperative complications.Results: During one-lung ventilation, patients from group 1 had higher PaO2/FiO2 values (P = .025). The A-aDO2 value was higher in group 2 (P = .006). After surgery, we found differences in the content of TNF and IL-8 (P < .001). Twenty-four hours after surgery, we recorded a more significant prevalence of the studied cytokines in group 2 (P < .001). There were no significant differences in the pain dynamics on the first postoperative day (P > .05). Opioid analgesics were less needed in group 1 than in group 2 (P < .001). The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine in thoracic surgery improves the oxygenation and reduces the percentage of intrapulmonary shunting by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the postoperative period, dexmedetomidine reduces the need for opioid analgesics, but does not affect the pain level or incidence of complications.

This article aims to review the literature regarding assessment of the gut microbiota effect on kidney stone formation. We sought to determine whether several specific gut bacteria or a wider number of members of the gut microbiota are responsible for this association based on the literature data. We conducted an extensive literature search (publications on kidney stones and gut microbiota dated 2013-2023) in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science Core Collection.A large number of earlier studies were focused on physical and chemical properties of crystals formed by kidney stones. In recent years as diagnostic technologies advance, there has been a tendency to study the association of the gut microbiota and the development of other unrelated diseases. Studies have emerged showing the gut microbiota effect on the development of urolithiasis, which suggests that stone formation can be prevented or caused by changing the structure of the gut microbiome. However, further research is needed to identify which genera or types of the gut microbiota break down oxalate and reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.

Toxoplasmosis of the brain is a pressing issue in the practice of neurologists and neurosurgeons. Most patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis are persons with AIDS. However, toxoplasmic encephalitis can develop in patients with any immunodeficiency conditions that lead to reactivation of toxoplasmosis infection in the central nervous system. Although cerebral toxoplasmosis is not a neurosurgical pathology, patients sometimes require neurosurgical interventions: diagnostic biopsy and lesion removal. Moreover, literature shows cases of removal of brain lesions initially mistaken for a brain tumor, which, as a rule, occurs when the patient’s HIV status is unknown and the severity of their condition does not allow for a comprehensive additional examination.This article reviews Russian and foreign publications on neurosurgical interventions in patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Introduction: The main disadvantage of bioprosthetic valves is the susceptibility of their leaflets to structural changes, leading to bioprosthetic valve dysfunction requiring a repeated surgical intervention. This group of patients is characterized by high comorbidity, which increases the risk of hospital mortality during repeated interventions. At the same time, low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the main independent predictor of adverse outcomes. Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation can be an alternative to an open intervention in patients with high surgical risk. However, this technique is often associated with prosthesis-patient mismatch due to a smaller effective orifice area of a bioprosthetic valve, as well as with the high incidence of intraventricular conduction disorders and/or the need for a pacemaker, preventing the LVEF recovery even in the late period after the procedure.Objective: To demonstrate the role of transluminal balloon valvuloplasty in staged surgical treatment of bioprosthetic aortic valve dysfunction. Case report: We present our experience of successful staged surgical treatment of biodegenerative dysfunction of a biological prosthetic aortic valve using balloon valvuloplasty followed by “open” repeated valve replacement in a patient at very high cardiovascular risk.Conclusions: This staged approach may be justified in patients with extremely low LVEF to minimize risks and improve surgical outcomes.

Introduction: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect in which there is no direct connection between pulmonary veins and the left atrium. Hospital mortality in patients with TAPVR, depending on the anatomical type of the defect, ranges from 14% to 35%. Without surgical correction, children with obstructive TAPVR die in the neonatal period. The mortality rate of children with nonobstructive TAPVR reaches 80% by the first year of life.Objective: To evaluate the capabilities of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac computed tomography (CT) in TAPVR diagnosis and surgical planning of its correction.Materials and methods: The study included 17 children with an initial diagnosis of TAPVR. The age of the patients was 28.5 (11; 91) days. All the infants underwent TTE; 15 patients underwent cardiac CT, and 4 patients, cardiac catheterization with conventional angiography. We evaluated and compared the capabilities of these methods in the diagnosis and determination of the TAPVR type and concomitant anomalies. All data were compared with conventional angiography findings and intraoperative data. The interval between TTE, cardiac CT, and angiography or open surgery was less than 5 days.Results: The accuracy of TTE in diagnosing TAPVR was not significantly inferior to that of cardiac CT (88% vs 100%); erroneous results of TTE were found in 2 patients with heterotaxy syndrome (right isomerism). Both methods showed 100% diagnostic efficiency in determining the TAPVR type. The accuracy of TTE in diagnosing obstructive TAPVR was 81.2%, whereas that of cardiac CT, 94%. There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic efficiency between CT and TTE in the diagnosis of TAPVR and its obstructive forms.Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the high efficiency of TTE in diagnosing TAPVR, determining its anatomical type, and identifying obstructive forms. This method has limited diagnostic capabilities in determining TAPVR in patients with heterotaxy syndrome and other congenital anomalies of the atria. Cardiac CT has proven to be a highly accurate tool in diagnosing TAPVR and determining obstructive forms and associated heart anomalies.Conclusions: In children with isolated TAPVR and normal arrangement of the organs (situs solitus) with good acoustic window, TTE is the initial and final tool for surgical planning of TAPVR correction. In children with TAPVR and concomitant heart defects, heterotaxy syndrome and other atrial anomalies, TTE should be supplemented by cardiac CT. Cardiac CT in children with TAPVR is an alternative to invasive cardiac catheterization with conventional angiography and should be a preferred diagnostic tool. Conventional angiography should be used in children with TAPVR for assessment of functional, not anatomical characteristics of the defect.

We discuss main challenges of much-debated endovascular treatment in patients with “false” bifurcation stenoses of the left main coronary artery. There are no convincing literature data on the rationale of planning complete bifurcation stenting using 2 stents and clear indications for this procedure. We highlight the importance of studying the effectiveness and safety of the complex routine use of various intravascular imaging during the left main coronary artery percutaneous coronary intervention. We analyzed observations in which a “false” bifurcation lesion can only be considered an ostial stenosis, which will affect the stenting strategy. We focus on the development of universal algorithms for performing endovascular interventions, including those using intravascular imaging which role at each stage of surgery should be additionally studied.

Leakage of intestinal anastomoses remains an issue in view of the increasing number of patients who need reconstructive interventions in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Researchers around the world are actively looking for methods of strengthening intestinal anastomoses. The literature presents various approaches to sealing intestinal anastomoses in experimental animals using allografts, biological sealants, polymer film materials, etc. This article classifies and analyzes innovative methods of strengthening intestinal anastomoses to prevent their leakage. We also describe a concept of developing polymer membranes for interventions on hollow organs and our experience in this field of work and making of medical devices at the premises of a university research laboratory.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The effectiveness of its standard treatment in some cases remains poor.We report a case of a patient with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C cryptogenic HCC whose life duration was 26 months after diagnosis.A 46-year-old woman, a former smoker, presented with elevated alpha-fetoprotein and a left liver lobe mass diagnosed as HCC. Pulmonary nodules (presumably metastatic) were previously found and remained stable. The left lobe of the liver was resected. Intrahepatic recurrence developed 1.5 months later. Lenvatinib+pembrolizumab therapy was prescribed and later switched to olaparib following the detection of somatic and germline BRCA1 mutation. The patient underwent a liver transplant and was prescribed a combination of tacrolimus and everolimus, later supplemented with extracorporeal photopheresis. Pulmonary nodules that were found to be metastases were treated with radiation therapy. A lethal outcome occurred 21.3 months after the transplant.The first literature review related to this case report discusses the problem of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy prior to a liver transplant. More than 100 patients have been described in 40 articles and 113 patients, in 2 multicenter studies. Although 16.7%-27.7% of patients developed rejection, such approach may be effective in downstaging the disease.

Malignant sinonasal tumors are rare and account for 1% of all neoplasms. Most of these carcinomas are poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors. Due to overlapping features, both young and experienced physicians encounter difficulties in their diagnosis. We present 2 cases of 2 tumors of the sinonasal tract, which belong to small round blue cell tumors: sinonasal small cell neuroendocrine tumor and esthesioneuroblastoma.