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201. Forward step down test - clinical rating is correlated with joint angles of the pelvis and hip: an observational study

Author

Smadar Peleg, Ruth Pelleg-Kallevag, Yuval Almog, Gideon Herman, Oren Nakdimon, Michal Arnon, and Gali Dar

Subjects
Clinical evaluation, Functional tests, Forward Step Down Test, Single leg squat, Visual observation, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Clinical methods for assessing quality of movement and functional tests are important to clinicians. Typical deviations from normal kinematics during the clinical test of Forward Step Down Test (FSDT) are pelvic tilt and hip adduction which are associated with the risk of knee pain. Objectives (1) to examine the correlation between clinical assessment of the FSDT and joint angle measurements of pelvis, hip, knee and ankle joints in males and females; (2) to examine the differences in joint angles between individuals rated as good, fair or poor in a FSDT performance test. Methods Ninety-two healthy individuals performing FSDT were video-taped with two-dimensional digital video cameras. The clinical assessment of the FSDT was rated by two experienced physical therapists as good, fair, or poor based on a Crossley et al. (2011) validated scale. Measurements of pelvic drop, hip adduction and knee valgus were taken using Image J software. Results Out of 177 lower limbs, 74 (37 in each limb) were clinically rated as “good/fair” (41.80%) while 103 (52 in the dominant leg and 51 in the non-dominant leg) were rated as “poor” (58.19%). No significant differences were observed between dominant and non-dominant legs or between males and females in clinical rating of the FSDT. Pelvic drop angle was significantly higher and hip adduction angle was significantly lower for “poor” clinical rating compared to “good/fair” in both dominant and non-dominant legs (p

Published
2023
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214. Clinical outcomes and bacterial characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex among patients from different global regions (CRACKLE-2): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study

Author

Wang, Minggui, Earley, Michelle, Chen, Liang, Hanson, Blake M, Yu, Yunsong, Liu, Zhengyin, Salcedo, Soraya, Cober, Eric, Li, Lanjuan, Kanj, Souha S, Gao, Hainv, Munita, Jose M, Ordoñez, Karen, Weston, Greg, Satlin, Michael J, Valderrama-Beltrán, Sandra L, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Stryjewski, Martin E, Komarow, Lauren, Luterbach, Courtney, Marshall, Steve H, Rudin, Susan D, Manca, Claudia, Paterson, David L, Reyes, Jinnethe, Villegas, Maria V, Evans, Scott, Hill, Carol, Arias, Rebekka, Baum, Keri, Fries, Bettina C, Doi, Yohei, Patel, Robin, Kreiswirth, Barry N, Bonomo, Robert A, Chambers, Henry F, Fowler, Vance G, Arias, Cesar A, van Duin, David, Investigators, Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network, Abbo, Lilian M, Anderson, Deverick J, Chew, Kean Lee, Cross, Heather R, De, Partha Pratim, Desai, Samit, Dhar, Sorabh, Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Diaz, Lorena, Dinh, AN Q, Eilertson, Brandon, Evans, Beth, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Garner, Omai B, Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl, Hanson, Blake, Herc, Erica, Jacob, Jesse T, Jiang, Jianping, Kalayjian, Robert C, Kaye, Keith S, Kim, Angela, Lauterbach, Courtney, Marshall, Steven H, McCarty, Todd, Munita, Jose, Ng, Oon Tek, Gutierrez, Jose Millan Oñate, Peleg, Anton, Salata, Robert A, Schmidt-Malan, Suzannah, and Smitasin, Nares

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Lung, Clinical Research, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Carbapenems, Cohort Studies, Humans, Klebsiella Infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Sounds, Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network Investigators, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a global threat. We therefore analysed the bacterial characteristics of CRKP infections and the clinical outcomes of patients with CRKP infections across different countries.MethodsIn this prospective, multicentre, cohort study (CRACKLE-2), hospitalised patients with cultures positive for CRKP were recruited from 71 hospitals in Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Colombia, Lebanon, Singapore, and the USA. The first culture positive for CRKP was included for each unique patient. Clinical data on post-hospitalisation death and readmission were collected from health records, and whole genome sequencing was done on all isolates. The primary outcome was a desirability of outcome ranking at 30 days after the index culture, and, along with bacterial characteristics and 30-day all-cause mortality (a key secondary outcome), was compared between patients from China, South America, and the USA. The desirability of outcome ranking was adjusted for location before admission, Charlson comorbidity index, age at culture, Pitt bacteremia score, and anatomical culture source through inverse probability weighting; mortality was adjusted for the same confounders, plus region where relevant, through multivariable logistic regression. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03646227, and is complete.FindingsBetween June 13, 2017, and Nov 30, 2018, 991 patients were enrolled, of whom 502 (51%) met the criteria for CRKP infection and 489 (49%) had positive cultures that were considered colonisation. We observed little intra-country genetic variation in CRKP. Infected patients from the USA were more acutely ill than were patients from China or South America (median Pitt bacteremia score 3 [IQR 2-6] vs 2 [0-4] vs 2 [0-4]) and had more comorbidities (median Charlson comorbidity index 3 [IQR 2-5] vs 1 [0-3] vs 1 [0-2]). Adjusted desirability of outcome ranking outcomes were similar in infected patients from China (n=246), South America (n=109), and the USA (n=130); the estimates were 53% (95% CI 42-65) for China versus South America, 50% (41-61) for the USA versus China, and 53% (41-66) for the USA versus South America. In patients with CRKP infections, unadjusted 30-day mortality was lower in China (12%, 95% CI 8-16; 29 of 246) than in the USA (23%, 16-30; 30 of 130) and South America (28%, 20-37; 31 of 109). Adjusted 30-day all-cause mortality was higher in South America than in China (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4·82, 95% CI 2·22-10·50) and the USA (aOR 3·34, 1·50-7·47), with the mortality difference between the USA and China no longer being significant (aOR 1·44, 0·70-2·96).InterpretationGlobal CRKP epidemics have important regional differences in patients' baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes, and in bacterial characteristics. Research findings from one region might not be generalisable to other regions.FundingThe National Institutes of Health.

Published
2022

215. Lower Bounds on Stabilizer Rank

Author

Peleg, Shir, Shpilka, Amir, and Volk, Ben Lee

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Computational Complexity
Abstract

The stabilizer rank of a quantum state $\psi$ is the minimal $r$ such that $\left| \psi \right \rangle = \sum_{j=1}^r c_j \left|\varphi_j \right\rangle$ for $c_j \in \mathbb{C}$ and stabilizer states $\varphi_j$. The running time of several classical simulation methods for quantum circuits is determined by the stabilizer rank of the $n$-th tensor power of single-qubit magic states. We prove a lower bound of $\Omega(n)$ on the stabilizer rank of such states, improving a previous lower bound of $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ of Bravyi, Smith and Smolin (arXiv:1506.01396). Further, we prove that for a sufficiently small constant $\delta$, the stabilizer rank of any state which is $\delta$-close to those states is $\Omega(\sqrt{n}/\log n)$. This is the first non-trivial lower bound for approximate stabilizer rank. Our techniques rely on the representation of stabilizer states as quadratic functions over affine subspaces of $\mathbb{F}_2^n$, and we use tools from analysis of boolean functions and complexity theory. The proof of the first result involves a careful analysis of directional derivatives of quadratic polynomials, whereas the proof of the second result uses Razborov-Smolensky low degree polynomial approximations and correlation bounds against the majority function.

Published
2021
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216. Turbulence and Capillary Waves on Bubbles

Author

Emanuel, Peleg and Feigel, Alexander

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

We present a link between the theory of deep water waves and that of bubble surface perturbations. Theory correspondence is shown analytically for small wavelengths in the linear regime and investigated numerically in the nonlinear regime. To do so, we develop the second-order spatial perturbation equations for the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and solve them numerically. Our code is publicly available. Studying capillary waves on stable bubbles, we recreate the Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectrum predicted by weak turbulence theory, putting wave turbulence theory to use for bubbles. In this investigation, it seems that curvature does not affect turbulent properties. Calculated bubble surface qualitatively responds to low gravity experiments. The link demonstrated opens new possibilities for studying several bubble phenomena, including sonoluminescence and cavitation, using the extensive tools developed in the wave turbulence framework.

Published
2021
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217. On information rates over a binary input channel

Author

Peleg, Michael, Michaeli, Tomer, and Shamai, Shlomo

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We study communication systems over band-limited Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels in which the transmitter output is constrained to be symmetric binary (bi-polar). In this work we improve the original Ozarov-Wyner-Ziv (OWZ) lower bound on capacity by introducing new achievability schemes with two advantages over the studied OWZ scheme which is based on peak-power constrained pulse-amplitude modulation. Our schemes achieve a moderately improved information rate and do so with much less sign transitions of the binary signal. The gap between the known upper-bound based on spectral constrains of bi-polar signals and our achievable lower bound is reduced to 0.93 bits per Nyquist interval at high SNR., Comment: in IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2021

Published
2021
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219. Fast two-beam collisions in a linear optical medium with weak cubic loss in spatial dimension higher than 1

Author

Peleg, Avner, Huynh, Toan T., and Nguyen, Quan M.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We study the dynamics of fast two-beam collisions in linear optical media with weak cubic loss in spatial dimension higher than 1. For this purpose, we extend the perturbation theory that was developed for analyzing two-pulse collisions in spatial dimension 1 to spatial dimension 2. We use the extended two-dimensional version of the perturbation theory to show that the collision leads to a change in the beam shapes in the direction transverse to the relative velocity vector. Furthermore, we show that in the important case of a separable initial condition for both beams, the longitudinal part in the expression for the amplitude shift is universal, while the transverse part is not universal. Additionally, we demonstrate that the same behavior holds for collisions between pulsed optical beams in spatial dimension 3. We check these predictions of the perturbation theory along with other predictions concerning the effects on the collision of partial beam overlap and anisotropy in the initial condition by extensive numerical simulations with the weakly perturbed linear propagation model in spatial dimensions 2 and 3. The agreement between the perturbation theory and the simulations is very good. Therefore, our study significantly extends and generalizes the results of previous works, which were limited to spatial dimension 1., Comment: 66 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021
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220. Membership Inference Attacks are Easier on Difficult Problems

Author

Shafran, Avital, Peleg, Shmuel, and Hoshen, Yedid

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and address in more detail models for image translation and semantic segmentation, including medical image segmentation. We show that reconstruction-errors can lead to very effective MIA attacks as they are indicative of memorization. Unfortunately, reconstruction error alone is less effective at discriminating between non-predictable images used in training and easy to predict images that were never seen before. To overcome this, we propose using a novel predictability error that can be computed for each sample, and its computation does not require a training set. Our membership error, obtained by subtracting the predictability error from the reconstruction error, is shown to achieve high MIA accuracy on an extensive number of benchmarks.

Published
2021

221. The Filtered Gaussian Primitive Diamond Channel

Author

Katz, Asif, Peleg, Michael, and Shamai, Shlomo

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We investigate the special case of diamond relay comprising a Gaussian channel with identical frequency response from the user to the relays and fronthaul links with limited rate from the relays to the destination. We use the oblivious compress and forward (CF) with distributed compression and decode and forward (DF) where each relay decodes the whole message and sends half of its bits to the destination. We derive achievable rate by using time-sharing between DF and CF. It is proved that optimal CF-DF time sharing is advantageous over superposition of CF and DF. The optimal time sharing proportion between DF and CF and power and rate allocations are different at each frequency and are fully determined.

Published
2021

222. Noisy Circumnutations Facilitate Self-Organized Shade Avoidance in Sunflowers

Author

Chantal Nguyen, Imri Dromi, Ahron Kempinski, Gabriella E. C. Gall, Orit Peleg, and Yasmine Meroz

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Circumnutations are widespread in plants and typically associated with exploratory movements; however, a quantitative understanding of their role remains elusive. In this study we report, for the first time, the role of noisy circumnutations in facilitating an optimal growth pattern within a crowded group of mutually shading plants. We revisit the problem of self-organization observed for sunflowers, mediated by shade response interactions. Our analysis reveals that circumnutation movements conform to a bounded random walk characterized by a remarkably broad distribution of velocities, covering 3 orders of magnitude. In motile animal systems such wide distributions of movement velocities are frequently identified with enhancement of behavioral processes, suggesting that circumnutations may serve as a source of functional noise. To test our hypothesis, we developed a Langevin-type parsimonious model of interacting growing disks, informed by experiments, successfully capturing the characteristic dynamics of individual and multiple interacting plants. Employing our simulation framework we examine the role of circumnutations in the system, and find that the observed breadth of the velocity distribution represents a sharp transition in the force-noise ratio, conferring advantageous effects by facilitating exploration of potential configurations, leading to an optimized arrangement with minimal shading. These findings represent the first report of functional noise in plant movements and establish a theoretical foundation for investigating how plants navigate their environment by employing computational processes such as task-oriented processes, optimization, and active sensing. Since plants move by growing, space and time are coupled, and dynamics of self-organization lead to emergent 3D patterns. As such, this system provides conceptual insight for other interacting growth-driven systems such as fungal hyphae, neurons and self-growing robots, as well as active matter systems where agents interact with past trajectories of their counterparts, such as stigmergy in social insects. This foundational insight has implications in statistical physics, ecological dynamics, agriculture, and even swarm robotics.

Published
2024
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234. Degree Realization by Bipartite Multigraphs

Author

Bar-Noy, Amotz, Böhnlein, Toni, Peleg, David, Rawitz, Dror, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Rajsbaum, Sergio, editor, Balliu, Alkida, editor, Daymude, Joshua J., editor, and Olivetti, Dennis, editor

Published
2023
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244. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in solid organ transplant recipients

Author

Kanj, Souha S., Francois (Jeff) Jabbour, Jean, Zhang, Fujie, Lok, Judith J., Salata, Robert A., Stryjewski, Martin, Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Oñate Gutierrez, Jose Millan, Cober, Eric, Richter, Susan, Anderson, Deverick J., Evans, Beth, Hill, Carol, Cross, Heather R., Baum, Keri, Arias, Rebekka, Fowler, Vance G., Jr., Ordoñez, Karen, Jacob, Jesse T., Li, Linghua, Kreiswirth, Barry N., Manca, Claudia, Chen, Liang, Desai, Samit, Herc, Erica, Cordova, Ezequiel, Rioseco, Maria, Vichez, Samuel, Sanchez, Marisa L., Valderrama, Sandra, Figueroa, Jairo, Arias, Cesar A., Dinh, An Q., Panesso, Diane, Rydell, Kirsten, Tran, Truc T., Hu, Fupin, Su, Jiachun, Jiang, Jianping, Wang, Minggui, Xu, Xiaogang, Yang, Yang, Munita, Jose M., Spencer, Maria, Alenazi, Thamer, Bonomo, Robert A., Marshall, Steven H., Rudin, Susan D., Huskins, Charles, Kerry, Patel, Robin, Schmidt-Malan, Suzannah, Revolinski, Sara, Wortmann, Glenn, Kalayjian, Robert C., Weston, Greg, Ostrowsky, Belinda, Patel, Gopi, Eiras, Daniel, Kim, Angela, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Salcedo, Soraya, Farrell, John J., Liu, Zhengyin, Henderson, Andrew, Paterson, David L., Xie, Qing, Kaye, Keith S., Gao, Hainv, Yu, Yunsong, Waters, Mary, Fries, Bettina C., Eilertson, Brandon, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Lee Chew, Kean, Smitasin, Nares, Tambyah, Paul Ananth, Gallagher, Jason C., Peleg, Anton, Leroi, Marcel, Li, Lanjuan, Komarow, Lauren, Ge, Lizhao, Evans, Scott, McCarty, Todd, Chambers, Henry F., Garner, Omai B., Abbo, Lilian M., van Duin, David, Lautenbach, Ebbing, Han, Jennifer H., Doi, Yohei, Wong, Darren, Hanson, Blake, Reyes, Jinnethe, Villegas Botero, Maria Virginia, Diaz, Lorena, Perez, Federico, Banerjee, Ritu, Dhar, Sorabh, Satlin, Michael J., Zong, Zhiyong, Boutzoukas, Angelique E., Dai, Weixiao, Grant, Matthew, and McCarty, Todd P.

Published
2024
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247. Association of COVID-19 Versus COVID-19 Vaccination With Kidney Function and Disease Activity in Primary Glomerular Disease: A Report of the Cure Glomerulonephropathy Study

Author

Ahn, Wooin, Appel, Gerald, Appelbaum, Paul, Babayev, Revekka, Chan, Brenda, D’Agati, Vivette Denise, Dogra, Samitri, Fernandez, Hilda, Gharavi, Ali, Hines, William, Husain, Syed Ali, Jain, Namrata, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Lin, Fangming, Marasa, Maddalena, Markowitz, Glen, Rasouly, Hila Milo, Mohan, Sumit, Mongera, Nicola, Nestor, Jordan, Nickolas, Thomas, Radhakrishnan, Jai, Rao, Maya, Sanna-Cherchi, Simone, Shirazian, Shayan, Stokes, Michael Barry, Uy, Natalie, Valeri, Anthony, Vena, Natalie, Foroncewicz, Bartosz, Moszczuk, Barbara, Mucha, Krzysztof, Perkowska-Ptasińska, Agnieszka, Ghiggeri, Gian Marco, Lugani, Francesca, Ambruzs, Josephine, Liapis, Helen, Baracco, Rossana, Jain, Amrish, Isa Ashoor, Aviles, Diego, Srivastava, Tarak, Ahn, Sun-Young, Devarajan, Prasad, Erkan, Elif, Claes, Donna, Stone, Hillarey, Mason, Sherene, Gbadegesin, Rasheed, Gomez-Mendez, Liliana, Yin, Hong (Julie), Cai, Yi, Jens, Goebel, Steinke, Julia, Weaver, Donald, Lane, Jerome, Cramer, Carl, Pan, Cindy, Paloian, Neil, Sreedharan, Rajasree, Selewski, David, Twombley, Katherine, Bowers, Corinna, Dreher, Mary, Kallash, Mahmoud, Mahan, John, Sharpe, Samantha, Al-Uzri, Amira, Iragorri, Sandra, Belsha, Craig, Alge, Joseph, Braun, Michael, Gomez, A.C., Wenderfer, Scott, Vasylyeva, Tetyana, Feig, Daniel, Fuentes, Gabriel Cara, Hannah, Melisha, Nester, Carla, Chishti, Aftab, Klein, Jon, Katsoufis, Chryso, Seeherunvong, Wacharee, Wong, Craig, Mathews, Nisha, Barcia, John, Swiatecka-Urban, Agnes, Bartosh, Sharon, Hunley, Tracy, Dharnidharka, Vikas, Gaut, Joseph, Laurin, Louis-Philippe, Royal, Virginie, Achanti, Anand, Budisavljevic, Milos, Self, Sally, Ghossein, Cybele, Peleg, Yonatan, Wadhwani, Shikha, Almaani, Salem, Ayoub, Isabelle, Nadasdy, Tibor, Parikh, Samir, Rovin, Brad, Chang, Anthony, Fatima, Huma, Julian, Bruce, Novak, Jan, Renfrow, Matthew, Rizk, Dana, Chen, Dhruti, Derebail, Vimal, Falk, Ronald, Gibson, Keisha, Hogan, Susan, Jain, Koyal, Jennette, J. Charles, Mottl, Amy, Poulton, Caroline, Saha, Manish Kanti, Fogo, Agnes, Sanghani, Neil, Kidd, Jason, Muthusamy, Selvaraj, Hou, Jean, Lemley, Kevin, Mika, Warren, Russo, Pierre, Denburg, Michelle, Kogon, Amy, Meyers, Kevin, Pradhan, Madhura, O’Toole, John, Sedor, John, Sethna, Christine, Vento, Suzanne, Atta, Mohamed, Bagnasco, Serena, Neu, Alicia, Sperati, John, Adler, Sharon, Dai, Tiane, Dukkipati, Ram, Fervenza, Fernando, Sethi, Sanjeev, Kaskel, Frederick, Brathwaite, Kaye, Reidy, Kimberly, Weisstuch, Joseph, Wu, Ming, Zhdanova, Olga, Heymann, Jurgen, Kopp, Jeffrey, Waldman, Meryl, Winkler, Cheryl, Krissberg, Jill, Lafayette, Richard, Fahmeedah, Kamal, Talley, Elizabeth, Hladunewich, Michelle, Parekh, Rulan, Avila-Casado, Carmen, Cattran, Daniel, Heather, Reich, Boll, Philip, Drexler, Yelena, Fornoni, Alessia, Blazius, Brooke, Hodgin, Jeffrey, Oliverio, Andrea, Hogan, Jon, Palmer, Matthew, Abromovitz, Blaise, Mortiz, Michael, Alpers, Charles, Jefferson, J. Ashley, Brown, Elizabeth, Sambandam, Kamal, Roehm, Bethany, Graff, John, Gillespie, Brenda, Kretzler, Matthias, Nast, Cynthia, Barisoni, Laura, Guay-Woodford, Lisa M., Wang, Chia-shi, Glenn, Dorey A., Helmuth, Margaret, Smith, Abigail R., Bomback, Andrew S., Canetta, Pietro A., Coppock, Gaia M., Khalid, Myda, Tuttle, Katherine R., Bou-Matar, Raed, Greenbaum, Larry A., Robinson, Bruce M., Holzman, Lawrence B., Smoyer, William E., Rheault, Michelle N., Gipson, Debbie, and Mariani, Laura H.

Published
2024
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249. Intolerance to uncertainty and self-efficacy as mediators between personality traits and adjustment disorder in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Kestler-Peleg, Miri, Mahat-Shamir, Michal, Pitcho-Prelorentzos, Shani, and Kagan, Maya

Subjects
Self-efficacy (Psychology) -- Research, Personality -- Health aspects, Epidemics -- Psychological aspects -- Israel, Uncertainty -- Psychological aspects, Psychological research, Adjustment disorders -- Risk factors, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

In April 2020, early in the COVID-19 outbreak, governments restricted public gatherings and ordered social distancing. These demands led to challenging adaptations, which in some cases resulted in mental health issues, including adjustment disorder. Guided by the transactional stress model, the current study aimed to examine the relations between personality traits and adjustment disorder in crisis situations and vagueness and the role of intolerance to uncertainty and self-efficacy in these relations. During Israel's first lockdown, 673 Israeli adults completed self-reported e-version questionnaires regarding Big Five personality traits, adjustment disorder, intolerance to uncertainty, self-efficacy, and background variables. The study was designed to examine the association between personality traits and adjustment disorder and the potential mediation of intolerance to uncertainty and self-efficacy in associations. The findings revealed that intolerance to uncertainty and self-efficacy mediated the association between personality traits and adjustment disorder. The results are consistent with the transactional stress model. They shed light on the role of intolerance to uncertainty and self-efficacy as cognitive mechanisms that promote the development of adjustment disorder. Recommendations for future studies and practice are discussed., Author(s): Miri Kestler-Peleg [sup.1] , Michal Mahat-Shamir [sup.1] , Shani Pitcho-Prelorentzos [sup.2] , Maya Kagan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411434.7, 0000 0000 9824 6981, School of Social Work, Ariel University, [...]

Published
2023
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250. Seeing is believing: Correlating optoelectronic functionality with atomic scale imaging of single semiconductor nanocrystals.

Author

Ossia, Yonatan, Levi, Adar, Chefetz, Nadav, Peleg, Amir, Remennik, Sergei, Vakahi, Atzmon, and Banin, Uri

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTOR nanocrystals, SCANNING transmission electron microscopy, QUANTUM dots, SEMICONDUCTOR quantum dots, OPTICAL properties, ELECTRIC fields, ELECTRON microscopes
Abstract

A unique on-chip method for the direct correlation of optical properties, with atomic-scale chemical–structural characteristics for a single quantum dot (QD), is developed and utilized in various examples. This is based on performing single QD optical characterization on a modified glass substrate, followed by the extraction of the relevant region of interest by focused-ion-beam–scanning electron microscope processing into a lamella for high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization with atomic scale resolution. The direct correlation of the optical response under an electric field with STEM analysis of the same particle allows addressing several single particle phenomena: first, the direct correlation of single QD photoluminescence (PL) polarization and its response to the external field with the QD crystal lattice alignment, so far inferred indirectly; second, the identification of unique yet rare few-QD assemblies, correlated directly with their special spectroscopic optical characteristics, serving as a guide for future designed assemblies; and third, the study on the effect of metal island growth on the PL behavior of hybrid semiconductor–metal nanoparticles, with relevance for their possible functionality in photocatalysis. This work, therefore, establishes the use of the direct on-chip optical–structural correlation method for numerous scenarios and timely questions in the field of QD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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