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Parts can be supplied from warehouses to assembly lines via several production-order-independent and -dependent parts supply strategies. Order-dependent parts supply strategies sequencing, kitting and batch supply share enough similarities that allow joint modelling in picking order planning and execution, whereas line stocking, just-in- time, just-in-sequence and just-in-sequence kit supply require separate modelling. Joint modelling is the precondition for setting up a software system in industrial practice, covering multiple parts supply strategies efficiently. With similar input--output relations and process steps, joint algorithms can be used. This work presents insights from a software system for sequencing, kitting and batch supply implemented in the automotive industry. The main process steps modelled are order-dependent part requests determination, bundling of part requests to picking orders, scheduling and release, and picking and transportation execution. Given the prevalence of assembly lines, sharing knowledge about successful modelling of parts supply strategies is crucial both for practitioners and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate the impact of allowable human energy expenditure (HEE) of order pickers on the throughput of workers in manual order zone picking systems MOP. The method used in this research is the Monte Carlo simulation, used while considering many human and job factors. The results showed that a worker's gender and an item's weight have little effect on the HEE. On the other hand, body weight, walking speed, distance travelled, and the targeted zone significantly impacted the HEE, rest allowance, and throughput. For example, male pickers at a weight of 75 kg can move up to speed to 1 m/s and pick up items weighing up to 5 kg without reaching the allowable HEE rate, equal to 4.3 kcal/min, and, thus, no rest is needed. Female pickers at a weight of 75 kg reach the allowable HEE rate, equal to 2.6 kcal/min, at a very low speed of approximately 0.1 m/s when picking up items up to 5 kg, and, thus, frequent rest is needed, which leads to low throughput. To increase the throughput of female pickers, they can be assigned to pick up lighter items. Utilising Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the HEE in MOP while considering many factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the optimal control of a parabolic initial-boundary value problem of Allen–Cahn type with dynamic boundary conditions. Phase field systems of this type govern the evolution of coupled diffusive phase transition processes with nonconserved order parameters that occur in a container and on its surface, respectively. It is assumed that the nonlinear functions driving the physical processes within the bulk and on the surface are double well potentials of logarithmic type whose derivatives become singular at the boundary of their respective domains of definition. For such systems, optimal control problems have been studied in the past. We focus here on the situation when the cost functional of the optimal control problem contains a nondifferentiable term like the $ L^1 $-norm leading to sparsity of optimal controls. For such cases, we derive second-order sufficient conditions for locally optimal controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cation ordering/disordering features in perovskite-like oxides LnBaMn2O6−δ where Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm were studied by means of a combination of thermogravimetry and X-ray powder diffraction techniques in a wide range of temperatures. Variation in lanthanide size was shown to be an effective route for the shift in temperature of ordering and disordering. As a result, it was found coexistence of three different phases which can be obtained separately: disordered cubic Ln0.5Ba0.5MnO3–δ, and ordered kinds of LnBaMn2O6−δ having δ ≈ 0 or 1.0. The respective ambient conditions around stability boundaries for the whole studied phases were successfully determined. Additionally the main reasons for inducing ordering as well as disordering processes were clarified by the use of in-situ XRD and DSC methods. A combination of the experimentally obtained data with the results of limited studies reported in literature allows one to organize the available information about double manganites giving some explanation of ordering processes as well as appropriate conditions used to obtain oxides with desired ordering degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces a high level speed control method for the coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles (AVs) in roundabout scenarios. The aim of the control method is to guarantee collision-free motion of the AVs, and similarly, to minimize their traveling time. In the method a priority-based ordering process of the AVs is used, which enforces the time-efficient motion of the AVs. The collision-free motion is guaranteed through an optimization-based method including control input constraints. The ordering process and the optimization form a low complexity solution, which requires low computation effort. The proposed control strategy is involved in the high level of a hierarchical control structure. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is illustrated by simulation examples and Hardware-in-the-Loop demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variational auto-encoders (VAE) have been widely used in process modeling due to the ability of deep feature extraction and noise robustness. However, the construction of a supervised VAE model still faces huge challenges. The data generated by the existing supervised VAE models are unstable and uncontrollable due to random resampling in the latent subspace, meaning the performance of prediction is greatly weakened. In this paper, a new multi-layer conditional variational auto-encoder (M-CVAE) is constructed by injecting label information into the latent subspace to control the output data generated towards the direction of the actual value. Furthermore, the label information is also used as the input with process variables in order to strengthen the correlation between input and output. Finally, a neural network layer is embedded in the encoder of the model to achieve online quality prediction. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated by two real industrial process cases that are compared with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the existence and development of informal judicial practices in the Belgian legal order. It starts with the observation that the Belgian legal system is already highly formalized and suggests two reasons for that. Further, it shows that despite this rather high degree of existing formalization, important informal practices have nevertheless taken shape. However, over time the legislature intervenes, often as a reaction to some kind of external catalyst, and formalizes those previously informal aspects of the Belgian judicial system. This article therefore describes the Belgian legal order as a process of incremental and reactive formalization, taking place between the judiciary and the legislature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the asymptotic properties of the ordinary least squares estimator (LSE) of the coefficient ρ in a stationary autoregressive process of order one with negatively associated innovations. Under appropriate conditions, consistency and asymptotic normality are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litchi is a highly favored fruit with high economic value. Mechanical automation of litchi picking is a key link for improving the quality and efficiency of litchi harvesting. Our research team has been conducting experiments to develop a visual-based litchi picking robot. However, in the early physical prototype experiments, we found that, although picking points were successfully located, litchi picking failed due to random obstructions of the picking points. In this study, the physical prototype of the litchi picking robot previously developed by our research team was upgraded by integrating a visual system for actively removing obstructions. A framework for an artificial intelligence algorithm was proposed for a robot vision system to locate picking points and to identify obstruction situations at picking points. An intelligent control algorithm was developed to control the obstruction removal device to implement obstruction removal operations by combining with the obstruction situation at the picking point. Based on the spatial redundancy of a picking point and the obstruction, the feeding posture of the robot was determined. The experiment showed that the precision of segmenting litchi fruits and branches was 88.1%, the recognition success rate of picking point recognition was 88%, the average error of picking point localization was 2.8511 mm, and an overall success rate of end-effector feeding was 81.3%. These results showed that the developed litchi picking robot could effectively implement obstruction removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, few methods for understanding machine learning model's outputs have been developed. SHAP and LIME are two well-known examples of these methods. They provide individual explanations based on feature importance for each instance. While remarkable scores have been achieved for individual explanations, understanding the model's decisions globally remains a complex task. Methods like LIME were extended to face this complexity by using individual explanations. In this approach, the problem was expressed as a submodular optimization problem. This algorithm is a bottom-up method aiming at providing a global explanation. It consists of picking a group of individual explanations which illustrate the global behavior of the model and avoid redundancy. In this paper, we propose CoSP (Co-Selection Pick) framework that allows a global explainability of any black-box model by selecting individual explanations based on a similarity preserving approach. Unlike submodular optimization, in our method the problem is considered as a co-selection task. This approach achieves a co-selection of instances and features over the explanations provided by any explainer. The proposed framework is more generic given that it is possible to make the co-selection either in supervised or unsupervised scenarios and also over explanations provided by any local explainer. Preliminary experimental results are made to validate our proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we establish a rigorous gradient flow structure for one-dimensional Kimura equations with respect to some Wasserstein--Shahshahani optimal transport geometry. This is achieved by first conditioning the underlying stochastic process to nonfixation in order to get rid of singularities on the boundaries, and then studying the conditioned Q-process from a more traditional and variational point of view. In doing so we complete the work initiated in [Chalub et al., Acta Appl. Math., 171 (2021), pp. 1--50], where the gradient flow was identified only formally. The approach is based on the energy dissipation inequality and evolution variational inequality notions of metric gradient flows. Building up on some convexity of the driving entropy functional, we obtain new contraction estimates and quantitative long-time convergence towards the stationary distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we define a convoluted fractional Poisson process of order k (CFPPoK), which is governed by the discrete convolution operator in the system of fractional differential equations. Next, we obtain its one-dimensional distribution by using the Laplace transform of its state probabilities. Various distributional properties, such as probability generating function, moment generating function and moments, are derived. A special case of CFPPoK, (say) convoluted Poisson process of order k (CPPoK) is studied and also established Martingale characterization for CPPoK. We further derive the covariance structure of CFPPoK and investigate the long-range dependence property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resourcefulness of crowdsourcing can be used to handle a wide range of complex macro-tasks, such as travel planning, translation, and software development. Multi-phase tasks are a type of macro-task that consists of several subtasks distributed across multiple sequential phases. Due to the recent work's disregard for the task's sequential correlation, it is difficult for them to handle multi-stage tasks effectively. This work bridges this gap. We call this novel approach Hint, which incorporates task design, pre hoc worker coordination, and post hoc crowd work coordination. Starting with the task interface design, Hint makes workers aware of the relationship between phases in order to improve their processing abilities. Second, pre hoc coordination of workers is to organize the workers to do the tasks to lower the monetary costs required to meet a specific quality standard. Third, post hoc coordination of crowd work is through a decision tree-based coordination strategy. Extensive tests are carried out on real-world datasets to validate the desirable qualities of the suggested mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical events at ink intersections are largely understudied. Chemical imaging techniques and multivariate analyses applied to this problem thus far lack the performance characteristics to make confident conclusions about these processes. This deficiency leads to subjective and controversial deposition order determinations in forensic investigations. In this comprehensive report, 44 unique crossings involving laser toners and stamps, as well as felt‐tip, rollerball, gel, and ballpoint pen inks, were imaged with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), using a 50‐μm X‐ray spot size and 100‐μm steps. The specificity and surface sensitivity of XPS enabled the objective visualization of the inks' chemistry upon deposition via spatial elemental distribution in‐situ. Signal intensity and atomic concentration were mapped for each element detected. Discrimination was possible in 100% of written and printed inks analyzed, and the relationship between the elemental concentration profile in each intersection was compared with the known sequence. Formation of ink layers, mixing, and separation of ink components by way of electrostatic forces were observed. Insights into the known complexity of ink intersection processes were revealed and highlight the need for understanding the chosen analytical technique's information depth and for complementary analyses to increase sequencing confidence. We also provide evidence that these processes invalidate the utility of principal component analysis for analyzing ink intersections. However, sequencing accuracy was 84% for all samples analyzed, and its success was highly dependent on the presence of physical features (i.e., thick coatings and embossed regions). In some intersection types, especially toners, the features exposed with XPS imaging enabled a sequencing accuracy of 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chatbot, or else a conversational agent (CA), is a technology that is used in order to imitate the process of a conversation between a human being and a software application for supporting specific services. The utilization of this technology has been increasing considerably over the past five years, particularly in education where CAs are mostly utilized as teaching assistants that provide educational content. This paper aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by systematically reviewing the support provided by chatbots both to educational institutions and their students, investigating their capabilities in further detail, and highlighting the various ways that this technology could and should be used in order to maximize its benefits. Emphasis is given to analyzing and synthesizing the emerging roles of CAs, usage recommendations and suggestions, student's desires, and challenges recorded in the literature. For this reason, a systematic literature review (SLR) was carried out using the PRISMA framework in order to minimize the common biases and limitations of SLRs. However, we must note that the SLR presented has specific limitations, namely using only Scopus as a search engine, utilizing a general search query, and selecting only journal articles published in English in the last five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the processing accuracy of silicon nitride ceramic balls and to investigate the mechanism of forming ceramic balls by flexible support grinding method, a new cone-type flexible support grinding method with controlled deflection motion of grinding disc is proposed. Based on the new grinding method, a simulation model is established to deeply analyze the influence of the deflection motion of the grinding disc on the grinding trajectory and force state of the silicon nitride ceramic balls. Orthogonal experiments were conducted on a new cone-type flexible support grinding platform built to further analyze the effect of grinding disc motion characteristics on ball formation. Simulation and experimental results show that under the flexible support grinding method, As the increases of grinding disc deflection angle, the standard deviation of ball trajectory uniformity decreased from 43.58 to 35.49, the maximum contact force increased to 4 times the initial value, the average ball diameter variation increased from 1.466 µm to 2.382 µm, and the batch diameter variation increased from 4.98 µm to 10.27 µm. The lower grinding disc deflection motion is beneficial to optimize the grinding trajectory, but increases the unevenness of the ball force, which is not conducive to improving the average ball diameter variation and batch diameter variation of silicon nitride ceramic balls. In the actual process, the angle of deflection of the grinding disc must be controlled to within 0.02°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field study examined the automatic speech recognition (ASR) of voice‐directed computerized systems for order selectors employed in large industrial settings (e.g., fulfillment centers, distribution centers, warehouses, and manufacturing plants). Voice‐directed systems for order selection require selectors to listen to instructions via a headset and speak into a microphone, directing each worker to select products for store orders throughout the facility. Originally, ASR used voice recognition that required "voice enrollment" (voice setup) for each worker plus a trainer's time required as part of the setup. Voice setup generally averaged about 60 min for both the worker and the trainer. Lately, a newer technology now utilizes "speech recognition," which eliminates voice enrollment altogether. This study measured order selector voice setup times between voice recognition and speech recognition in five facilities. In two distribution centers where speech recognition was implemented, all voice setup hours for all order selectors (n = 55) plus the trainer's time were eliminated. This amounted to a total savings of 110 h. Moreover, using speech recognition becomes a recurring saving for each new employee entering the organization. Now the focus of training is shifted from voice setup to immediately training workers to select orders via voice, an ergonomic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a promising memetic algorithm (MA) for an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with grey processing times by using a simple dispatching rule in the local search phase of the proposed MA. Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposes a MA for an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem where the objective is to minimize the sum of weighted completion times of jobs with uncertain processing times. In the optimal schedule of the problem's single machine version with deterministic processing time, the machine has a sequence where jobs are ordered in their increasing order of weighted processing times. The author adapts this property to some of their local search mechanisms that are required to assure the local optimality of the solution generated by the proposed MA. To show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, this study uses other local search methods in the MA within this experiment. The uncertainty of processing times is expressed with grey numbers. Findings: Experimental study shows that the MA with the swap-based local search and the weighted shortest processing time (WSPT) dispatching rule outperforms other MA alternatives with swap-based and insertion-based local searches without that dispatching rule. Originality/value: A promising and effective MA with the WSPT dispatching rule is designed and applied to unrelated parallel machine scheduling problems where the objective is to minimize the sum of the weighted completion times of jobs with grey processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affirmative action policies are often implemented through reserve systems. In this study, we demonstrate that reserve systems face widespread misunderstanding by the public. This misunderstanding can lead individuals to support policies that ineffectively pursue their interests. To establish these claims, we present 1,013 participants in the Understanding America Study with choices between pairs of reserve systems. Participants are members of the group receiving affirmative action and are financially incentivized to choose the system that maximizes their chance of admission. Using this data, we apply a novel approach to identifying the rate of uptake of different decision rules used by participants. We find that participants rarely use a fully optimal decision rule. In contrast, we find that many choices—40% in our primary estimates—are rationalized by a nearly correct decision rule, with errors driven solely by failing to appreciate the importance of processing order. Failing to account for processing order causes individuals to fail to distinguish between two policies that achieve different degrees of affirmative action: policies that provide nonbinding minimum guarantees of the number of spaces allocated and policies that provide spaces over-and-above what would be allocated absent a reserve. Confusion about the importance of processing order helps to explain otherwise surprising decisions made in field applications of reserve systems. We discuss implications for managers and policy makers who are trying to implement reserve systems and who are accountable to the public. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: The authors thank the National Science Foundation and the Wharton Behavioral Laboratory for financial support. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4669. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper investigates the logistics management in the e-grocery sector. It contrasts the key issues faced by practitioners and the topics addressed in the academic literature, to identify potential misalignments between research and practice and propose avenues for future efforts. Design/methodology/approach: This work adopts a twofold methodological approach. From an academic perspective, a systematic literature review (SLR) is performed to define the topics addressed so far by scholars when analysing e-grocery logistics. From a managerial perspective, a Delphi study is accomplished to identify the most significant issues faced by logistics practitioners in the e-grocery context and the associated significance. Findings: The study develops a conceptual framework, identifying and mapping the 9 main logistics challenges for e-grocery along 4 clusters, in the light of a logistics-related revision of the SCOR model: distribution network design (area to be served, infrastructures), order fulfilment process (picking, order storage, consolidation, delivery), logistics-related choices from other domains (product range, stock-out management) and automation. These elements are discussed along three dimensions: criticalities, basic and advanced/automation-based solutions. Finally, the main gaps are identified – in terms of both under-investigated topics (order storage and stock-out management) and investigated topics needing further research (picking and automation) – and research questions and hypotheses are outlined. Originality/value: This paper provides a threefold contribution, revolving around the developed framework. First, it investigates the state of the art about e-grocery logistics, classifying the addressed themes. Second, it explores the main issues e-grocery introduces for logistics practitioners. Third, it contrasts the two outcomes, identifying the misalignment between research and practice, and accordingly, proposing research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates of the onset times of P phases from active source experiments can effectively be used in developing wavespeed models, and the large number of recordings typical of such experiments incentivizes the development of automated approaches to generate these estimates. The simplicity and repeatability of an airgun source such as that used in the 2016 Pisagua/Iquique Crustal Tomography to Understand the Region of the Earthquake Source (PICTURES) project in northern Chile suggested that a straightforward application of waveform cross-correlation would suffice for arrivals recorded by a network of inland seismic stations, but did not work well due to significant variations in waveform morphology. For similar reasons, the machine learning application PhaseNet also did not work well. Application of an alternative algorithm typically used in passive source investigations that is indifferent to waveform morphology, the Regressive ESTimator (REST) autopicking package, also proved unsatisfactory, largely because the limited spectral bandwidth of the airgun source and the frequent occurrence of local seismicity led to numerous false picks. This motivated the development of a new approach, named CORREL, that is a hybrid of REST and cross-correlation, with the addition of a constraint in the form of a polynomial function based on the REST picks that provides a reasonable prediction of an onset time. Compared to the results obtained originally from REST and simple waveform correlation, the application of CORREL to the PICTURES data both significantly increased the number of arrivals estimated and greatly reduced the number of outliers. The combination of techniques retains the precision afforded by cross correlation while taking advantage of the accuracy afforded by absolute time picking. The predictive polynomial also provides CORREL a better means to discriminate true shots from the abundant natural seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the large amount of data generated by society has led to a dependency on data analysis and visualisation tools. Therefore, the objective of this research was to implement a cloud-based tool to improve the visualisation of data obtained from 4G network simulation on smart meters. Two stages were carried out in order to analyse and process the data using a cloud-based tool to support data visualisation and to understand and facilitate effective decision-making. This resulted in a remarkable 27.39% increase in average data quality, thanks to the authenticity and reliability of the data obtained through the 4G LTE network on smart meters. It also had a significant impact on the percentage of data read and displayed, with an increase of 63.70%. Finally, the percentage of useful data when applying the tool in the cloud also increased by 47.30%. This allows end users to visualise and understand the behaviour of electricity meters with an LTE network through a customised dashboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic and English texts are encrypted using an innovation cryptology method. An innovated cipher method deals with two languages, Arabic and English, and belongs to substitution cipher family. The core idea of the innovated method is to use coordinates system on x-axis and y-axis completely. The method supports mono-alphabetic substitution cipher and Polygram substitution cipher. In the mono-alphabetic substitution cipher, the encryption process consists of two steps, the first step is text encryption via x- axis and second step is text encryption via y- axis. This means multiple level of ciphering. The obtained cipher text is decrypted by two methods; the first decryption method is the reverse order of the encryption process (decryption via y- axis then decryption via x- axis). The second decryption method is decryption via origin point. In the decryption process, the second decryption is faster than first decryption method. In the Polygram substitution cipher, the plaintext is encrypted as blocks, each block contains three letters, and each letter in the block is encrypted by different way according to scheduling reflection types stored in vector that shifted at each time. The practical experiments show that the innovated cryptology method is faster than all substitution cipher methods for encryption and decryption processes. The innovated cryptology method is more effective than all substitution cipher methods since it's mathematical model depends on coordinates system instead of algebraic operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Burgers' equation is an important mathematical model used to study gas dynamics and traffic flow, among many other applications. Previous analysis of solutions to Burgers' equation shows an infinite stream of simple poles born at t=0+ , emerging rapidly from the singularities of the initial condition, that drive the evolution of the solution for t>0. We build on this work by applying exponential asymptotics and transseries methodology to an ordinary differential equation that governs the small-time behaviour in order to derive asymptotic descriptions of these poles and associated zeros. Our analysis reveals that subdominant exponentials appear in the solution across Stokes curves; these exponentials become the same size as the leading order terms in the asymptotic expansion along anti-Stokes curves, which is where the poles and zeros are located. In this region of the complex plane, we write a transseries approximation consisting of nested series expansions. By reversing the summation order in a process known as transasymptotic summation, we study the solution as the exponentials grow, and approximate the pole and zero location to any required asymptotic accuracy. We present the asymptotic methods in a systematic fashion that should be applicable to other nonlinear differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3Al powders with different order degrees were fabricated by a high-energy ball milling process and ordering transformation process. The order degree of the Fe3Al powders with plate structures can be tuned by the calcination temperature. It is found that the order degree of the obtained Fe3Al powders affects the magnetic properties. When the sample is calcined at 500 °C, the obtained Fe3Al contains the most DO3 superlattice structure with an order degree of 40.2%, thus exhibiting the best magnetic properties. Moreover, the best impedance matching ratio and attenuation constant are also achieved, leading to the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance. When the thickness is 1.35 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth with RL ≤ − 10 dB is as wide as 7.2 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flora Lewis invites us to reason about the following sentence, '“Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things.” (Flora Lewis) Confirmed Processes: It has been confirmed that learning is the only life-long process that will never stop happening in one form or another, whatever path it takes to gain knowledge. Nowadays, where becoming a global citizen has become a necessity, the need to learn foreign languages arises. This process not only creates a passageway for life, but opens doors along this path. It has been confirmed that learning processes are contacts during which we receive, register, classify, reinforce, compare, reason, synthesize, accept, contradict, internalize sets of knowledge, execute cultivated behaviors, maintain attitudes, lobby, self-actualize within our socio-cultural environments and in foreign socio-cultural and linguistic environments. It has been confirmed that there is a variety of learning. In order for the learning process to be effective, it is important to find the right methods to accomplish the learning. These techniques and methods are "investigated" from time to time to verify if they are still appropriate for the learning process or if there is a need to experiment with new methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self- and cross-excitation in point processes are commonly captured in the financial econometrics literature using a multivariate exponential memory kernel. In this article, the exponential assumption is relaxed and the resultant non-parametric memory kernel is estimated by a method based on second-order cumulants. The estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed and performs well under simulation. An empirical application based on 10 international stock indices is presented. Two different indices of contagion between markets are constructed from the point process models in order to examine interconnection over time. A conclusion which emerges from these results is the assumption that a parametric kernel may be too restrictive as the application reveals interesting features, and in some cases substantial differences, between the exponential and non-parametric kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this work is to obtain multi-objective linear programming algorithms that can be used to solve the global problem of multi-object safety control processes in order to minimize the risk of collisions. In multi-objective linear optimization models, satisfactory trade-off assesses and resolves the conflict between different control objectives. A comparison of single-, bi-, and tri-objective linear programming algorithms allows us to adapt the appropriate optimization method to the conditions of the control process. An important outcome of the present research is the demonstration of the greater effectiveness of bi- and tri-objective optimization compared to single-objective optimization, reflecting the compromises taken into account when choosing between objects and achieving a minimum risk of collision when passing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The identification and localization of tea picking points is a prerequisite for achieving automatic picking of famous tea. However, due to the similarity in color between tea buds and young leaves and old leaves, it is difficult for the human eye to accurately identify them. Methods: To address the problem of segmentation, detection, and localization of tea picking points in the complex environment ofmechanical picking of famous tea, this paper proposes a new model called the MDY7-3PTB model, which combines the high-precision segmentation capability of DeepLabv3+ and the rapid detection capability of YOLOv7. This model achieves the process of segmentation first, followed by detection and finally localization of tea buds, resulting in accurate identification of the tea bud picking point. This model replaced the DeepLabv3+ feature extraction network with the more lightweight MobileNetV2 network to improve the model computation speed. In addition, multiple attention mechanisms (CBAM) were fused into the feature extraction and ASPP modules to further optimize model performance. Moreover, to address the problem of class imbalance in the dataset, the Focal Loss function was used to correct data imbalance and improve segmentation, detection, and positioning accuracy. Results and discussion: The MDY7-3PTB model achieved a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 86.61%, a mean pixel accuracy (mPA) of 93.01%, and a mean recall (mRecall) of 91.78% on the tea bud segmentation dataset, which performed better than usual segmentationmodels such as PSPNet, Unet, and DeeplabV3+. In terms of tea bud picking point recognition and positioning, the model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 93.52%, a weighted average of precision and recall (F1 score) of 93.17%, a precision of 97.27%, and a recall of 89.41%. This model showed significant improvements in all aspects compared to existing mainstream YOLO series detectionmodels, with strong versatility and robustness. Thismethod eliminates the influence of the background and directly detects the tea bud picking points with almost no missed detections, providing accurate two-dimensional coordinates for the tea bud picking points, with a positioning precision of 96.41%. This provides a strong theoretical basis for future tea bud picking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we provide a comprehensive set of differential cross-section distributions for photon + di-jet production in proton-proton collisions with next-to-next-to-leading order precision in massless QCD. The event selection corresponds to recent measurements by the ATLAS collaboration. We observe an improved description of data in comparison to lower-order calculations in the case of observables that are expected to be well described by perturbation theory. The results also show better agreement with data than parton-shower-matched and multi-jet-merged predictions generated for the ATLAS analysis using the Sherpa Monte Carlo. A particular highlight of our study is the use of exact five-point two-loop virtual amplitudes. This is the first calculation of a complete two-to-three hadron-collider process at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD that does not rely on the leading-colour approximation at two loops. We demonstrate, nevertheless, that the sub-leading-colour effects present in the infraredand ultraviolet-finite double-virtual contributions are negligible in view of the remaining scale uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work is to analyze, digitize and transform analog maps into digital format in order to modernize road infrastructure and land improvement networks. In this work, was pursued the analysis and digitization of analog maps at a scale of 1:25000 in digital format - L-34-78-D-b (Cărpiniş, Iecea Mică, Beregsău Mic) and L-34-79-C-a (Săcălaz, Beregsău Mare, Becicherecu Mic and Dudești Noi). The work presents the following stages in the realization of the project: the organization stage necessary for the transformation of the maps into digital format, the materials and methods used, the data processing in order to transform the analog maps into digital format necessary for the achievement of thematic maps that include the localities within the territorial administrative units Săcălaz, Cărpiniș, Becicherecu Mic, Iecea Mică, Beregsău Mic and Dudesti Noi. After analyzing the maps, it was concluded that, in order to digitize and transform the maps from analog to digital format, the following specialized programs are needed: AutoCAD 2013, Raster Design 2013 and TransDatRO 4.06. In order to digitize and transform maps from analog to digital format, the following methods are required: georeferencing, vectorization and data interpretation. After establishing the methods, this whole transformation process was carried out in the AutoCAD program through several stages, resulting maps in digital format in order to interpret the data and create the thematic maps necessary for the updating, modernization and acheievement on a modern basis of the infrastructure that connects the component localities of the 4 administrative territorial units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading numbers aloud involves visual processes that analyze the digit string and verbal processes that produce the number words. Cognitive models of number reading assume that information flows from the visual input to the verbal production processes—a feed‐forward processing mode in which the verbal production depends on the visual input but not vice versa. Here, I show that information flows also in the opposite direction, from verbal production to the visual input processes. Participants read aloud briefly presented multi‐digit strings in Hebrew, in which the order of words is congruent with the order of digits (21 = twenty‐and‐one), and in Arabic, in which the ones word precedes the tens word (one‐and‐twenty). The error‐by‐digit‐position curve was affected by language: relative to Hebrew, in Arabic the error rate was slightly lower for the unit digit and slightly higher for the decade digit, indicating that in Arabic the unit digit was processed earlier and the decade digit later, in accord with the Arabic word order. This language‐dependent processing order originated in the visual level and was not a verbal confound, because it persisted even when I controlled for the serial position of the decade/unit word in the verbal number by using numbers with 0 (two hundred three/two hundred thirty). I conclude that the visual analyzer's digit scanning order, decade‐first or unit‐first, is not fixed but affected by the language in which the number is produced—a top‐down, verbal‐to‐visual information flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ilex paraguariensis is a species native to Brazil, Paraguay and Argentine, valued by its positive effects on human health. Mate processing consists of the following stages: pre-drying (rapid drying at high temperature, known as sapeco operation), drying, and milling. In order to verify the current process and to propose future improvements to the mate processing, thermal and mass balance analysis were applied to industrial mate processing units. Results showed that the consumption of energy in sapeco and drying operations exceeds the calorific input necessary for these operations. These results verify the need for a change in the management of temperatures in the sapeco and drying stages of mate processing in order to optimize the consumption of energy, resulting in lower costs, with positive effects on the quality of the mate products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to analyse the process of inclusion or exclusion of Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia, two tendencies within security studies are taken into account: the Securitisation Model (established by the Copenhagen School) and the concept of Human Security (proposed by the UN). These two approaches have in common the fact that they go beyond the interpretations focused on the defence of the State, the latter being the object of reference for classical security models. Both Securitisation and Human Security will be put into perspective in this paper with respect to the complex panorama of migration, especially on the basis of the place of the immigrants in the security schemes of the States. Without any intentions to give a categorical answer - since the phenomenon and institutional measures have not ceased to mutate over time - it is of particular interest to elucidate to what extent the Venezuelan diaspora has or has not been securitised in Colombia, the first country to which migrants go and the one that currently hosts the most Venezuelans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of automated segmentation and quantitative characterization of microtextured regions (MTRs) from the complex heterogeneous microstructures is urgently needed, since MTRs have been proven to be the critical issue that dominates the dwell-fatigue performance of aerospace components. In addition, MTRs in Ti alloys have similarities to microstructures encountered in other materials, including minerals and biomaterials. Meanwhile, machine learning (ML) offers new opportunities. This paper addresses segmentation and quantitative characterization of MTRs, where an ML approach, the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) coupled with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithms, was employed in order to process the orientation data acquired via EBSD in the Matlab environment. Pixels with orientation information acquired through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are divided and colored into several "classes" (MTRs) within the defined c-axis misorientations (i.e., 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5°), the precision and efficacy of which are verified by the morphology and pole figure of the segmented MTR. An appropriate range of c-axis misorientations for MTR segmentation was derived, i.e., 15~20°. The contribution of this innovative technique is compared with previous studies. At the same time, the MTRs were statistically characterized in the global region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method to rank the loads in the microgrid by means of a weight that combines the criteria together in terms of both technical and economic aspects. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy AHP TOPSIS) algorithm is used to calculate this combined weight. The criteria to be considered are load importance factor (LIF), voltage electrical distance (VED) and voltage sensitivity index (VSI). The fuzzy algorithm helps to fuzzy the judgment matrix of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, making it easier to compare objects with each other and remove the uncertainty of the AHP method. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm is used to normalize the decision matrix, determine the positive and negative ideal solutions to calculate the index of proximity to the ideal solution, and finally rank all the alternatives. The combination of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS algorithms is the optimal combination for decision making and ranking problems in a multi-criteria environment. The 19-bus microgrid system is applied to calculate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]