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In celebrating the centennial of the discovery of the x-ray it is fitting to relate the history of organized Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology has evolved through four name changes and now has expanded its scope to include all modalities of diagnostic imaging.

Megaceros arachnoideus (Steph.), Megaceros longispirus (Carrington & Pearson) Steph., and Megaceros membranaceus (Colenso) E.A. Hodgs. are new synonyms of Megaceros pellucidus (Colenso) E.A. Hodgs.

Presents a case study of software products and their firm which go through a bewildering series of name changes and attribute changes – often for no apparent reason. Highlights the costs of such changes and discusses a theoretical framework to prevent this sort of confusion arising.

Editor's Note: Among its many virtues, this article uses the correct names for various armies in an age of reorganization and name changes. It uses the often-encountered term xinjun correctly and generically, to mean "new forces," "new army," "new armed forces," or, after 1904, simply "Army"—as distinct from the earlier Xinjian Lujun or Newly Created Army of 1895 under Yuan Shikai, sometimes abbreviated as Xin Jun (New Army). After the major army reorganization of 1904-1905, the armies of Zhili Province under Yuan Shikai, of Hubei Province under Zhang Zhidong, and of Sichuan Province under Xiliang (see the article by He Yimin, below) were often simply referred to as Beiyang Xinjun, Hubei Xinjun, and Sichuan Xinjun, respectively—best translated Beiyang Army, Hubei Army, and Sichuan Army. In the present translation, English renditions are guided by Ralph L. Powell, The Rise of Chinese Military Power 1895-1912 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955), still the leading analysis in any language of late Q...

Texas A&M University‐Commerce was founded in 1889 as East Texas Normal College, and since that time has gone through five name changes. Each name change brought about a change in focus for the university. Since the uni‐ versity’s founding, an intensive weeding of the James G. Gee Library print monographs collection has never been undertaken. A January 2011 age of collection report from the ILS showed that the greatest growth in the collection took place in the years between 1970 and 1990. Many of the monographs contained obsolete information and/or supported programs and courses that are no longer offered by the university. While librarians were in the midst of completing a literature review of best practices for weeding and constructing weeding policies and procedures, a major event changed the entire direction of the library’s weeding goals. The Director of Libraries received word that a United States senator was considering donating his congressional papers to the library, and an entire floor of the library must be cleared to receive the documents. This paper outlines how the library weeded more than 70,000 items between June 1, 2011 and August 31, 2011.

The decision to conduct an inventory at the Rosa Parks Library at Troy University in Montgomery was the culmina‐ tion of several on‐going collection cleanup projects with the decisive factors being the need to conduct a collection assessment and a reclamation project to synchronize our ILS holdings with OCLC. In this paper, librarians and staff will discuss the benefits, problems and solutions of completing our first electronic inventory. We will focus on the collaborative effort between access services and technical services. Staff involvement, workflow and procedures will also be discussed. Background of the University Troy University was founded in Troy, Alabama as the Troy State Normal School on February 26, 1887 with the mission to train teachers for southeastern Alabama schools. During its 125 year history the university has gone through multiple name changes and its mission has evolved and expanded. Today Troy University serves almost 30,000 students worldwide with three branch campuses in Alabama (Montgomery, Dothan and Phenix City) and 60 teaching sites across the U.S. and around the world. Approximately 34 degree programs are offered. In 2009, Troy University began its first doctoral pro‐ gram, the Doctorate in Nursing Practice. Background of the Montgomery Campus The Montgomery Campus of Troy University was born in the mid‐1960s out of a request by the U.S. Air Force to provide educational opportunities for those stationed at nearby bases. The original name, Maxwell Gunter Branch, was changed to Troy State University in Montgomery (TSUM) in 1970. In 1983, TSUM became an independent university and re‐ ceived accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Located in downtown Montgomery, the first classes were taught in con‐ verted hotel rooms of the old Whitley Hotel a few blocks from the state capital. In 2005, Troy Universi‐ ty once again merged all of its independent cam‐ puses into “One Great University.” Throughout its history, the Montgomery campus has been dedicat‐ ed to serving the nontraditional student. The major‐ ity of the classes are offered at night, on weekends and online to accommodate the needs of the work‐ ing adult student. Currently 29 degree programs are offered on the Montgomery Campus. Background of the Rosa Parks Library The Library at the Montgomery campus began as a one‐person operation in a room in Bartlett Hall. Arrangements were made for Troy nursing students to use the Nursing Library in Montgomery’s St. Margaret’s Hospital. In the early 1980s that collec‐ tion was donated to the library at the Montgomery campus. The two collections were merged but were administered separately. Over the years as the campus grew so did the library collection, but the growth of the library was severely limited by space, staff and budget. To address the needs of the Montgomery faculty and students, the Rosa Parks Library and Museum was opened on December 1, 2000. The merger of all the campuses in 2005 brought numerous changes to the Rosa Park Li‐ brary, including placing all full time librarians on the tenure‐track. Today the Rosa Parks Library consists of some 40,000 books, over 60,000 full text e‐ books, and extensive online full text journal data‐ bases. The library staff is comprised of six profes‐ sionals, three full time staff, three part‐time em‐ ployees and various student assistants. It appears that at least three different scenarios were used at various times to catalog materials for the Montgomery campus library. Scenario one: A librarian would periodically come from the Troy campus and catalog materials in Montgomery.

The 40-year history of the Society of Neurosurgical Anesthesia and Critical Care (SNACC) is reviewed. Annual meetings have been a focus for reporting scientific advances and providing education to those attending. The society has undergone significant maturation dealing with transitions in leadership and dealing with an existential threat and undergoing name changes reflecting growth and maturation in its mission. SNACC has collaborated with several other professional societies, most notable being the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), in which SNACC members have advocated for neuroscience in the ASA's educational and scientific activities, with several SNACC members being recognized through several major ASA awards and presentations. SNACC has been a strong advocate for educational advances, most recently addressing issues in neuroanesthesia fellowship accreditation and possibly certification. SNACC's initial North American focus has grown such that SNACC is now an international society dedicated to the advancement of neuroanesthesia, neurocritical care, neuromonitoring, and neuroscience.

In the course of the last 150 years about 25 place-name changes have taken place in Belgrade. Some were more significant than others, and some of the renamed places have suffered as many as six name changes. These changes are part of a blanket process that includes renaming of state administration institutions, research institutes, schools, universities, factories, museums, sport clubs, etc., as well as personal names. This process reflects political, economic, demographic, and cultural changes serving the purpose of constructing and reconstructing political, ethnic, religious, and cultural identity, as well as political relations, and history. In this paper the author discusses this renaming process, its causes and consequences, as well as its potential for constructing and reconstructing reality.

We examine the stock market reaction to announcements of corporate name changes for fi rms belonging to Korean chaebols. We fi nd that chaebol-affiliated fi rms changing their non-chaebol-name (a name not including the name of a chaebol) to a chaebol-name (a name including the name of a chaebol) experience a positive stock price reaction on the announcement date. Another noteworthy finding is that the fi rms also earn a statistically signifi cant excess return on the effective date of a name change, as well as on the announcement date. The stock price reaction on the effective date is stronger among stocks experiencing a larger increase in their investor base.

My Ph.D. journey traversed a period of ten and a half years from the day I handed in my enrolment papers to graduation day. The timeline included periods of leave of absence totalling nearly a year, data collection periods which were unsuitable for collecting data in schools and a number of hiatus times between enrolling and starting, submission and examiners reporting, submission of changes and approval, and completion and graduation. My period of candidature was marked and supported by three Heads of the School of Education, a couple of name changes to the faculty, changes in senior faculty personnel as well as in the senior leadership of the university.

Cohort studies typically require repeated contacts with the same study participants over many years. In large-scale follow-up studies of women, it can be difficult to locate and maintain contact with participants because women are more likely to experience name changes through marriage and divorce and may be less visible in public records, particularly contemporary elderly women. This article reports on the methods used in 1990 and 1991 to trace 998 participants of the Women's Health Study (WHS) who were enrolled during the 1930s in the Menstruation and Reproductive History study, a longitudinal study on menstruation and reproduction. Some of these women had been lost to follow-up for nearly 50 years. This article reviews the strategies used to locate the WHS participants.

We find that evidence of a positive stock price reaction to the announcement of a name change is very weak and is sensitive to sample selection. We interpret the evidence as a caution against the popular opinion that corporate name changes have significant valuation effects. We also find little evidence that corporate name changes correspond to changes in a firm's stock return covariability with its industry index or changes in the firm's earnings growth rate. These results cast doubt on two purported motives for name changes: that they convey information to the market about changes in the firm's line of business or that they signal management's private information about the firm's future performance. Corporate name changes may serve useful purposes, but such purposes have small valuation effects or tend to be anticipated by investors.

The American Association for the Advancement of Tension Control was founded in 1973 as an interdisciplinary effort encompassing the fields of dentistry, education, medicine, physical therapy, psychology, and speech pathology. The broad purpose was to facilitate the acquisition, dissemination, and application of sound knowledge for the benefit of society throughout the world. Annual meetings were held through 1978 with dues-paying members numbering almost 1000. Name changes were first to the International Stress and Tension-Control Association and then to the International Stress Management Association (ISMA) whereupon international meetings were held in 1979, 1981, 1983, 1988, and 1992. ISMA is flourishing, with meetings planned for The Netherlands (1995) and Australia (1996).

We find companies with short, easy to pronounce names have higher breadth of ownership, greater share turnover, and lower transaction price impacts. The relation is stronger among small firms and is consistent with name fluency affecting investor recognition. Fluent company names also translate into higher valuations as measured by Tobin's Q and market-to-book. Corporate name changes increase fluency on average, and fluency improving name changes are associated with increases in breadth of ownership, liquidity, and firm value. Name fluency also affects other investment decisions, with fluently named closed-end funds trading at smaller discounts and fluent mutual funds attracting greater fund flows.

This study investigated name changes of women authors to determine how they were represented in indexes and cited references and identify problem areas. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not indexing services were using authority control and how this influenced the search results. The works of eight library science authors who had published under multiple names were examined. The researchers compared author names as they appeared on title pages of publications versus in four online databases and in bibliographies by checking 380 publications and 1,159 citations. Author names were correctly provided 81.22% of the time in indexing services and 90.94% in citation lists. The lowest accuracy (54.55%) occurred when limiting to publications found in Library Literature. The highest accuracy (94.18%) occurred with works published before a surname changed. Author names in indexes and citations correctly matched names on journal articles more often than for any other type of publication. Indexes and citation style manuals treated author names in multiple ways, often altering names substantially from how they appear on the title page. Recommendations are made for changes in editorial styles by indexing services and by the authors themselves to help alleviate future confusion in author name searching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fossombronia australis Mitt. replaces F. gigantea Steph. and F. naumannii Schiffn.; Phaeoceros carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. replaces Anthoceros laevis L. and Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk.

The Division began as a technical committee in 1936 and became the Industrial Instruments and Regulators Division in 1943. Significant events and broadening technology that led to Division name changes and evolution are described. The Division received its current name in 1977. The leadership role of the Division in the field of dynamic systems and control is outlined. Objectives, scope, and activities of the Division are discussed, and statistical data and trends are given.

About the book: Chin Peng is the longest-serving Secretary-General of a Communist Party, having served continuously from 1947 to present. He led his party into the Malayan Emergency, and latterly to a new peace agreement in 1989. This book is unique in giving the reader a look at how the historical record about this figure has been constructed. It gives the original papers presented to Chin Peng to stimulate his reponses at oral history sessions, and an annotated version of the resulting sessions. These are completed by editors' chapters which give the context. This allows the reader to see how Chin Peng blended his own ideas with responses to historians, to produce his own quasi-biography, Chin Peng and Ian Ward, Alias Chin Peng: My Side of the Story. Both editors were involved at all stages, presenting background papers, chairing oral hstory sessions, and compiling the book. They had to ensure not only translation between Chinese and English, but also that name changes between different Chinese dialects, and numerous aliases, were made clear. In 2007 it was translated into Chinese, ISBN 983 9673 97 1.

Otto Kuntze is known for making many new combinations, mostly spurious, in his Revisio Genera Plantarum. For species of Indigofera, these new names were published under the pre-Linnaean generic name Anila Ludw., validated by Kuntze himself in 1891. In his treatment of this group, however, Kuntze also proposed a number of nomina nova that seem largely to have been overlooked. These names are not themselves illegitimate according to Art. 55.1 of the St. Louis Code (Greuter & al., 2000) and their epithets are to be taken into consideration for purposes of priority. There were seven nomina nova proposed; three new combinations, all for Indian taxa, are required based on some of these. One adjustment to the author citation of an African species is also required. The Nomenclature Section of the Tokyo Congress resolved, that well established names should not be changed for purely nomenclatural reasons by resurrection of long-forgotten names (see p. xiv of the Tokyo Code). However, none of the names being replaced can be considered well established; they do not appear in any widely available floras and two of them have been changed within the past 25 years. The names that should now be applied to the seven taxa are outlined below.

In a paper submitted directly to Post-Soviet Geography, the author presents as thorough a list of place name changes as possible for the former USSR for the period 1985 to mid-1992. The situation is assessed with respect to the former union republics, nationality-based lower-order administrative territorial units, oblasts and krays, and major cities and urban settlements. The list appears to represent the most thorough and authoritative compilation of its kind yet published in the West, given the absence of any official body now empowered with the approval and registration of place name changes across the entire geographic space of the former USSR.

This chapter begins with a discussion of metonomasies (name-changes) of cities and islands. The materials concerning the metonomasies of cities are based on Stephanus, many of whose entries record double, or even triple, metonomasies of cities and islands. He rarely quotes a source for his statements, and the earlier nomenclature (be it of one earlier name, or of several) is frequently mythological, and/or derived from some local tradition, and lacks historical authenticity or support. It then turns to places for which ‘posthumous’ ethnics are attested. These include Kardia, Mende, Torone, Haliartos, Thisoa, Corinth, and Olenos.

Vinegar has been used as a seasoning in cooking since ancient times. However, recent research has shown that, in addition to its well-known anti-bacterial activity, vinegar (when consumed as a drink) confers considerable health benefits, including lowering blood pressure, acting as an anti-oxidant, alleviating the effects of diabetes, preventing cardiovascular diseases, providing refreshment after exercise, etc. (Nishidai et al., 2000; Ogawa et al., 2000; Fushimi et al., 2001, 2002; Kondo et al., 2001; Shimoji et al., 2002; Sugiyama et al., 2003; Johnston et al., 2004). Consumers are now beginning to appreciate the health benefits of drinking vinegar. Therefore, in addition to the traditional use of vinegar products such as rice vinegar, wine vinegar and cider vinegar as a food flavouring, there is a growing demand for fruit vinegar products that are sold as a health food. The emergence of these new products has resulted in name changes from wine or cider vinegar to grape or apple vinegar, with these being categorized as fruit vinegars. Thus, there are two types of fruit vinegar products on the market: one with a high content of acetic acid which is either used as a seasoning or is diluted with 4-8 times as much water as a health drink, and another that is ready to drink as a beverage.

This dissertation examines the valuation effect of name changes over 30 years from 1978 to 2008. Using a standard event study methodology, I find that companies that change their names earn significant abnormal returns of 1.41% for the three days around the name change announcement date and 3.58% for the whole period from day t- 60 to day t 40. The post-announcement reversal is only modest and stopped at around day 40. Univariate analysis shows that major name changes, smaller firm name changes, manufacturing and service firm name changes, and younger firm name changes have stronger valuation effects for the three days around the announcement date. Multivariate regression analysis shows that the act of a name change is actually an act of signaling.

Source code repositories managed by the popular CVS are frequently mined by researchers to validate various hypotheses about how the development of a software product progressed. This paper presents a study where the development process of 17 student teams was followed. It will show that in an environment where the teams were permitted to manage their own CVS repositories that several errors emerged that could lead to the misinterpretation of a hypothesis. These were classified into three types: type one errors which relate to the non-use of the system; type two errors that emerged from the direct manipulation of the repository; and type three errors from the limitation of CVS not to record file name changes.

This paper examines the valuation effects of corporate name changes involved oil related terms during recent oil price surges. Using data from the U.S. and Canadian stock markets, we show that there is a tendency for companies in both markets to add oil or petroleum to their corporate names when oil prices are high. Results show that U.S. investors react more positively for firms that add oil-related terms to their names. Name changes trigger short-term positive and long-term negative returns in the Canadian market. Our results add supports of the literature that investors are potentially influenced by corporate name changes associated with market wide sentiments.

This is the fourth in a series of reports bringing changes in the names of fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance to the attention of workers in these fields. The series is sponsored by the Division of Mycology of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS) and prepared under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The first of this series of reports included an introduction to the series explaining the need for name changes [1].

The ongoing demise of zooxanthellate Scleractinia from world-wide environmental deterioration has prompted a very large number of people including aquarists, managers, students, conservationists and scientists to work on reef corals. These people have a right to expect their various endeavors to be based on a nomenclature derived from taxonomic studies rather than human-created rules. Clearly there must be an amalgamation of the two; however a decade-long construction of a website on zooxanthellate Scleractinia has revealed that 15% of all genera, most with a history extending back to the 18 th century and involving over 100 species, are vulnerable to name changes that are readily avoidable.

The former family Trachelostenidae is returned to tribal status in Tenebrionidae-Tenebrioninae and reconstituted to include Trachelostenus Solier, 1851 of southern Chile, currently in a separate family Trachelostenidae, Myrmecodema Gebien, 1943 of central Chile, currently in Stenochiinae-Cnodalonini, and Leaus Matthews & Lawrence, 1992 of eastern Australia, currently in Tenebrioninae-Titaenini. The three genera are redescribed in both the adult and larval stages. Three new species: Leaus tropicalis sp.n. L. monteithi sp. n. and L. elusus sp. n. are described. Trachelostenine larval characters are compared with those of related tribes of Tenebrioninae: Titaenini, Heleini, Helopini, Helopinini, Ulomini and Toxicini. The Chilean genus Homocyrtus Dejean is briefly discussed and left incertae sedis in Tenebrionidae. Examination of Lagriola Kirsch (Lagriinae), originally associated with Trachelostenus, leads to the following name changes: Lagriola Kirsch, 1873 = Paratenetus Spinola, 1844, syn. n.; Paratenetus operosus (Kirsch, 1873) (Lagriola), comb. n.; Paratenetus championi, nom. n. for P. denticulatus Champion, 1886 nec P. denticulatus (Kirsch, 1873) (Lagriola) comb. n.

The Queensland government is the custodian of soil and land resource information with an estimated value of $75 million. The Soil and Land Information (SALI) system houses this data from over 600 distinct studies with some 96,000 soil observations dating back to the 1940s. This data is now not only used by government but by universities, councils, landowners, consultants and schools. Providing this information to the public in an easy and accessible way, with a focus towards online delivery is crucial. Previous issues with distribution of online soils information in Queensland have stemmed not only from limits to technology but also, changing departmental structures and multiple websites. The department which manages soils information in Queensland has undergone nine name changes in the last 12 years due to Machinery of Government (MoG) restructures. This constantly changing web presence and branding is as confusing for people sourcing soils information as it is for those providing it.The Queensland government has now moved to a whole of government online environment. This is a single website with no reference to the convoluted structures within government or department names. The aim is to prevent impacts from future MoG changes on the provision of data and information to the public. Queensland government soils now has a single dedicated website (qld.gov.au/environment/land/soil) which has allowed us to start to build a repository for soils information and is a single portal for people to access soils data. It has been demonstrated that this consistent approach to websites improves trust and confidence of users [1] and from this, confidence in using Queensland soils information and data and ultimately better land management decisions.

This letter briefly discusses the history and implications of national laboratory name changes with a focus on accelerator facilities. (AIP) {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics}

At the beginning of the twentieth century, state normal schools thrived throughout the United States. A century later, most of these institutions had higher stature as state colleges or regional universities, and yet had lost much of their distinctive identity. In November 2000, The Chronicle of Higher Education reported that, as mere “lesser versions of their states’ flagship universities,” many state colleges were again “looking for a makeover.” In such recent discussions of program expansion and name changes at these institutions, reporters and scholars have invoked the term “mission creep.”1 The history of the American state normal school suggests that “mission creep” more accurately characterizes much of the early decades of many regional public colleges and universities, and actually helped to create their distinctive identity. Education reformers of the early nineteenth century and state legislators, education leaders, and normal-school principals of the middle and late nineteenth century intended to establish and maintain single-purpose institutions focused on teacher preparation. After a few decades in which they did little more than instill the notion of teaching as a calling, state normal schools did create a strong professional spirit through teacher-education coursework, observation and practice teaching, and student activities. While teacher preparation remained their official purpose, however, the normal schools were never really single-purpose institutions.

Some name changes and new names are published belonging to a new revision of Symplocaceae of the Old World. Several species described after 1975 were reduced.

This paper relates different types of corporate name changes to the reputational concerns that precede them, and to the corporate events and subsequent performance that follow them. Firms change their name to affect perceptions among investors. They either adopt a radically different name in the wake of a tarnished reputation, or they adopt a brand name to help investors identify the firm with a well-reputed product. These name changes generally presage turbulence within the firm. The results suggest brand-name capital among investors resides in a corporate name; as such, name changes represent costly signals that alter brand image.

De Klerk (1999, 2002) surveyed first-name changes over two parallel three-month periods in 1977 and 2000 in order to ascertain whether there were any discernible trends in choices for new names among different ethnic and linguistic groups. Results of both of those studies revealed that sociocultural factors were the most significant reasons why people changed their names and there was a surprising trend in favor of English names among speakers of all African languages (de Klerk 2002). This paper reports on one further survey, focused exclusively on name changes made by speakers of African languages. The data have been taken from the Government Gazettes for the period December 2001 to February 2002 and they are analyzed in terms of the apparent reasons for the name changes, in order to explore more recent developments in this area. The findings reflect that while there is still a preference for English names among African name changers, it is not as strong as in the previous data. There is also a discernible increase in the influence of aesthetic factors in name changes. These trends suggest a steady drift away from traditional African naming practices, possibly as a result of the effects of urbanization.

This chapter will examine the impact of electoral systems on party system stability, understood in terms of electoral volatility and the ability of new entrants into the electoral arena to penetrate the support bases of existing political organizations. Stability and change in party systems have long fascinated political scientists, but the nature of the research questions they have asked has been conditioned by the cases they have taken as their objects of study. When we turn our attention to areas of the world that have not been subject to such intense scholarly investigation as the established democracies of the ‘West’, we may need to re-think the conceptual tools we use in interpreting and explaining changes in the configuration of electoral contenders. The specific aim of this chapter is to formulate new ways of understanding party system change and to assess how electoral institutions have affected recent party system developments in post-communist Europe. The focus of the analysis will be on two distinct aspects of party system dynamics: volatility and replacement. Volatility, a concept already well developed in the literature, refers to changes over successive elections in the balance of party support. Yet volatility understood in this sense fails adequately to capture the numerous party foundations, splits, mergers, and name changes characteristic of post-communist politics. In this context it is also desirable to deploy the complementary concept of party replacement — the extent to which new political formations are successful in drawing electoral support.1

We examine whether mutual funds change their names to take advantage of current hot investment styles, and what effects these name changes have on inflows to the funds, and to the funds’ subsequent returns. We find that the year after a fund changes its name to reflect a current hot style, the fund experiences an average cumulative abnormal flow of 28%, with no improvement in performance. The increase in flows is similar across funds whose holdings match the style implied by their new name and those whose holdings do not, suggesting that investors are irrationally influenced by cosmetic effects. MUTUAL FUNDS OFFER A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY to study the behavior of individual investors via the examination of mutual fund flow data. This is important, since investors’ asset allocation decisions across mutual funds may ultimately affect asset returns. For example, Goetzmann, Massa, and Rouwenhorst (2002) document that factors extracted from the covariance matrix of mutual fund flows provide incremental information beyond broad-based asset class returns in explaining returns in the cross-section. In this paper, we provide striking new evidence of seemingly irrational behavior by mutual fund investors when they allocate assets across mutual funds. We also provide evidence of timing behavior on the part of fund managers who appear to take advantage of the suboptimal behavior of investors. Specifically, we analyze fund flow patterns around conditional name changes in the mutual fund industry. We define conditional name changes as name changes by mutual funds either toward a name of a particular style when the corresponding style premium is up, or away from a name of a particular style when the corresponding style premium is down. We examine what effects these name changes have on the flows in and out of the funds, and the funds’ subsequent returns. To

In this paper, we study the behaviour of QQQ volatility in the spot and option markets around QQQ's move from AMEX to NASDAQ on 1 December 2004. We test whether the QQQ option implied volatility has changed around this event and whether this was a result of a change in spot volatility or hedging demand. We find that indeed the QQQ option implied volatility has changed around the time of the move. We document that neither QQQ spot volatility nor speculation has had an impact on the implied volatility change. We find that investor hedging activity is the driving force behind this change, in support of Bollen and Whaley's net buying pressure hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, analysis of spot and option markets around moves of trading from one exchange to another and name changes have not been done before.

Introduction The name is the main component of any organization's identity. Any decision of corporate name modification has financial, marketing, and strategic effects. Despite the growing number of corporate name changes in recent years, there has been no in-depth analysis on the subject. The objectives of this article are to evaluate the number and the growth of corporate name change, to critically examine the current typologies of corporate name changes, and to propose a valid classification of name change. In marketing research, a considerable amount of attention has been given to brand names. Researchers have focused on the naming process (Shipley, Hooley, and Wallace 1988; Kohli and LaBahn 1997), corporate or brand dominant systems (Murphy 1987; Olins 1989; Laforet and Saunders 1994), sound symbolism or special brand names (Klink 2000) [for example, alphanumeric brand names (Pavia and Costa 1993)] or cobranding (Hillyer and Tikoo 1995; Rao, Qu, and Ruekert 1999). However, research on corporate names has remained limited. For a long time, the choice of a name was a decision taken only when the firm was founded. No event called this initial choice into question. Now, beyond the large number of newsworthy examples (Verizon, WorldCom, TotalFinaElf, and Thales in France), there are more and more corporate name changes. All these high financial stake changes indicate the importance of corporate name. The objective of this paper is two fold. First, it will evaluate the number and the growth of French corporate name changes, especially for small-and medium-sized firms. Then, a survey will examine the current typologies of name changes and will propose a valid classification. Quantification of Corporate Name Changes The existing quantifications of corporate name changes underestimate the magnitude. According to Grossman, Portugal, and Aspach (in Argenti 1994), there were 1,041 corporate name changes in 1985; 1,864 in 1988; and 1,600 in 1989 in the U.S. Aaker (1994) estimates the number of changes at 2,000 in the U.S. Enterprise IG, a consulting firm, counted 3,893 changes of corporate name in the stock exchanges of 57 countries for the year 2000. More precisely there were 2,976 changes in the U.S.; 250 in the United Kingdom; 186 in Canada; 74 in Germany; 56 in France; and 35 in Japan. The underestimation is due to the difficulty in accounting for changes in the name of small firms. Cooperation with the French Patent Office (INPI) provides more precise data for France (Table 1). These data include the patronymic changes for persons that have been entered individually in the Trade Register. However, it is clear that company name changes are numerous and are growing rapidly In conclusion, the changes of French corporate names are a reality for small businesses. The reasons for name changes are numerous (Kapferer 1997; Delattre 1999); nevertheless, acquisitions and mergers are the perfect examples of events leading to a new name. The correlation between the corporate name changes and the takeover bids is strong (r = 0.71). The Bulletin Officiel des Annonces Civiles et Commerciales (BODACC) 1 provides some interesting characteristics on name changes. The study of name changes in June and July 2000 indicates the following: (1) 15.7 percent of corporate name changes are accompanied by a change of the legal status; (2) 18.6 percent of corporate name changes are accompanied by a modification of activities; (3) 23.8 percent of corporate name changes are accompanied by a modification of the capital structure (2); and (4) 48.3 percent of corporate name changes are accompanied by a change of management, administration, or shareholding. This confirms the importance of mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs, and others modifications of shareholding or management. All types of firms are affected by name changes. …

Many chemists think that a focus on the nexus between chemistry and the environment began about 50 years ago with Rachel Carson’s publication of “Silent Spring.”However, this year marks the centennial of one of the American Chemical Society’s oldest divisions, the Division of Environmental Chemistry (ENVR). As chair of the Committee on Environmental Improvement (CEI), I would like to recognize our ENVR colleagues on the occasion of their anniversary. This unit was established in 1914, demonstrating that chemists have long been concerned about the broader societal impact and implications of our work. ACS reinforced its commitment to the environment by establishing an environmental committee in 1952 and journal in 1967. The name changes that led to the division’s current moniker reflect a century of shifting focus for environmental chemistry. In 1914, environmental chemistry was equated with water stewardship. With Edward Bartow—who later became ACS president in 1936—as the founding chair, ...