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The paper presents an optical based measurement system to monitor the fermentation process of food samples, such as raw milk, pasteurized milk, curd, grape juice and batter. The microbial growth during the fermentation and its effects in changing the parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, optical density and fluorescence are observed continuously by using minimal invasive optical sensing system. The sensing membranes for pH and dissolved oxygen are prepared using sol-gel technique and attached at an inner wall of a single-cell transparent container. The opto-electronic system is constructed to hold a single-cell transparent container along with light sources, detectors, signal processing circuits, computational and display unit. The performance characteristics, such as stability, response time and reproducibility are verified before it has been applied for food fermentation analysis. The developed optical sensor system shows the maximum relative error rate of 3.98% and a minimum of 0.21% for the pH measurement and for the dissolved oxygen measurement the relative error rate is observed between 0.36% and 3.75%. The results are found comparable and the proposed simple and cost effective system may be considered to monitor the food grades at the household level.

Entomopathogenic fungus belong to the fungal group which are widely used in the integrated pest management systems. These fungi are insect associated and kills the agricultural pests.So they are used as biopesticides and by replacing the chemical pesticides and do save the human beings and environment from hazardous chemical pollution. These entomopathogenic fungus produce many secondary metabolites which have antimicrobial activities.It also has bioactive compounds that contains larvicidal and insecticidal activities. Corcyra cephalonica , a stored product pest is a major agricultural pest which causes economic loss to our country. Though there may be evidences for the conidial and spore treatments but secondary metabolite usages were very less. So the present study was undertaken to check the secondary metabolite of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana an effective agent to control the stored product pest corcyra cephalonica and can be used in integrated pest management systems.

Field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal during the year 2009. Among the 16 treatments, the combination of 100 per cent RDF + 1.0 per cent water soluble fertilizer + 5 spray produced maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, individual fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and yield per hectare when compared to water spray and other treatments.

Vegetables are important in the human diet as protective food. India is a leading vegetable producing country, in the world. However, the current per capita consumption of vegetable in our country is only 135g as against 300g of vegetables required per day per adult for maintaining good health. It is estimated that by 2020, the countries vegetable demand would be 135 million tonnes. To achieve this target, there is a need to integrate the various technologies right from production to post-harvest management. Exploiting of vigour for increased production of vegetables is becoming a popular method. As in other field crops, vegetable are generally more responsive to fertilizer application and thus produce more biomass through higher photosynthetic activity especially during critical stage of growth. The supply of adequate amount of nutrients is a prerequisite for exploiting the genetic potential of any vegetables. The major nutrients viz., N, P and K are supplied to the crop through soil application. The efficiency of fertilizers applied in soil is low due to various losses and fixation in soil. Foliar application of nutrients eliminates the problems like fixation and immobilization. Hence, foliar nutrition is recognized as an important method of fertilization in modern agriculture. Foliar nutrients usually penetrate the cuticle (or) the stomata of the leaf and enter into the cell. Thus foliar application provides ample scope for utilization of nutrients more efficiently and for correcting the deficiencies rapidly and also helping in the reduction of loss of nutrients.

This article reports a portable optoelectronic instrumentation system for real-time monitoring of Escherichia coli cultivation. The minimally invasive sensor offers continuous measurement of the pH, dissolved oxygen, optical density, and auto-fluorescence. The analytical figures of merit, including the stability, response time, reproducibility, and long-term sensitivity, were evaluated before application for monitoring bacterial cell cultivation. The results were compared with values obtained with commercially-available instrumentation and were similar and comparable. The absolute error was between ±0.30 pH units and mg/L for dissolved oxygen. This minimally invasive, simple, and inexpensive optical system is suitable for monitoring online bacterial cell growth in a single transparent container.

The changes in shoreline positions and geomorphic features along the Karnataka, West coast of India, were studied for the period from 1973 to 2014, using multi-dated satellite images and topographic maps. The ten hotspots which are mainly areas nearer to the port region were specially studied for the quantification of erosion and accretion. Dredging for port development normally lead to noteworthy changes in the configuration of the seabed. These changes can meaning fully modify the currents, waves and water quality. The statistical method incorporated with GIS has been used to estimate the rate of change and net shore movement of the coast. The study indicates that gradual recession and accretion at Tadri, Bhatkal, Honnavar, etc. Shorelines extracted for the years 1973, 1998, 2000, 2003 and 2014 indicate that the coastline adjacent to port area experienced both the erosion and accretion. Shoreline change rate of Karnataka coastline is estimated as -1.2354 m/year. Erosion and accretion of shoreline are major impacts of port/harbor. However, minor impacts are like an increase in pollution due to waste dumping and port-related industries, increase in coastal population and related activities and degradation of surrounding environment due to dredging and dumping material. Most of the shoreline sites, though largely get affected due to port structures, during monsoon season, achieve natural partial equilibrium during the non-monsoon season due to reversing currents and wind pattern. And hence, it may be concluded that port/harbors have limited impact on the coastal shoreline.

This paper presents a unique Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) based power factor correction method with discontinuous conduction mode detection. The SEPIC power factor correction (PFC) converter with the advent of digital control, powerful control techniques are used to achieve low-harmonic input current. An analog SEPIC based PFC converter is modified into a digitally controlled equivalent; thus provides flexibility for further implementations. The voltage and current sensing circuit design, compensator topology, the critical interrupt service routines, and the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) control is presented. The proposed SEPIC converter is contributes with a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) detection method using DSP for the purpose of power factor correction close to unity. The proposed detection technique has easy computation steps, and requires very small or almost null modification in existing SEPIC based PFC converters using DSP control techniques. The SEPIC-PFC converter analyse the effectiveness of the proposed detection approach over traditional detection techniques for power quality improvements. A new adaptive Mixed Conduction Mode (MCM) control technique is applies in the proposed SEPIC converter to realize optimal power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion contents in the output over a conventional controllers.

Recent years many flight control systems and industries are employing PID controllers to improve the dynamic behavior of the characteristics. In this paper, PID controller is developed to improve the stability and performance of general aviation aircraft system. Designing the optimum PID controller parameters for a pitch control aircraft is important in expanding the flight safety envelope. Mathematical model is developed to describe the longitudinal pitch control of an aircraft. The PID controller is designed based on the dynamic modeling of an aircraft system. Different tuning methods namely Zeigler–Nichols method (ZN), Modified Zeigler–Nichols method, Tyreus–Luyben tuning, Astrom–Hagglund tuning methods are employed. The time domain specifications of different tuning methods are compared to obtain the optimum parameters value. The results prove that PID controller tuned by Zeigler–Nichols for aircraft pitch control dynamics is better in stability and performance in all conditions. Future research work of obtaining optimum PID controller parameters using artificial intelligence techniques should be carried out.

The crystal, spectral characteristics and antibacterial activityof two benzo[g]indazole fused carbothioamide derivatives are explained in this study. The structural characterization of our compounds 3-(4-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[g]indazole-2-carbothioamide (BICT) and 3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐ 3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[g]indazole-2-carbothioamide (MNPBICT) using SCXRD technique is reported. The crystal structures of our derivatives are substantiated with 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectral methods. For the synthesized compounds, in silico drug likeness screening using SwissADME online server and DNA gyrase inhibition activity through molecular docking studies (PDB ID: 1KZN ) with bacterial protein are reported. The antibacterial activity of our compounds are tested against S. Aureus, B. megaterium, P. Aeroginosa and E. coli bacterial strains by disk broth dilution method. From the in silico pharmacological screening and docking results, it is found that our compound MNPBICT possess higher druggable nature and are effective DNA gyrase inhibitor against protein 1KZN compared to BICT and drug ciprofloxacin. The in vitro analysis explored the promising antibacterial activity of derivative MNPBICT and could be considered as a lead compounds for antibacterial drug design.

In the original manuscript, the Fig. 7, the in vitro cellular uptake studies of rhodamine 123 conjugated TCS-NPs in L929 (a–f) and MCF7 (m–r) were provided incorrectly. Now we have provided the correct cellular uptake images of rhodamine 123 conjugated TCS-NPs in L929 (a–f) and MCF7 (m–r) and the corrected Fig. 7 is presented below. In addition, incorrect scale bars were given for the NIH3T3 cells (g–l) in the original manuscript. This has been also corrected in Fig. 7. Here the control cells are shown in 10x magnification [(a,d), (g, j) and (m, p)]. The rhodamine 123 conjugated TCS-NPs treated cells were shown in 60x [(b,e), (h,k) and (n, q)] and 100× [(c,f), (i, l) and (o, r)] magnifications. [Figure presented] Fig. 7 Cell uptake studies of rhodamine conjugated TCS-NPs in L929 (a–c, bright field and d–f, fluorescent images), NIH3T3 (g–i, bright field and j–l, fluorescent images) and MCF-7 (m–o, bright field and p–r, fluorescent images) cells. These changes in the figures would not affect the conclusion from the figure nor the overall conclusion of the whole manuscript. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

The phytopathogenic fungi are now approaching their 3rd century, being most economically important mainly associated with wide variety of plants and plant-derived products. They are also prevalent seed-borne fungi associated with cereals intended for human and animal consumption throughout the world causing variety of diseases in plants, humans, and animals. Phytopathogenic fungi such as species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Puccinia, Penicillium, Alternaria, Curvularia, and Cladosporium attack cereals like rice, wheat, maize, barley, and sorghum grains which are of worldwide importance in agricultural field. Currently, the idea of controlling soil-borne pathogens with chemical pesticides or fungicides is being challenged using biological control that plays an important role in sustainable agriculture. Vital criteria for current biocontrol, microorganisms with the ability to colonize the infected plant part under appropriate environmental conditions and compatibility are applied. Biological-based methods for control of phytopathogenic fungi harming cereal crops could have potential commercial applications. Simple and practical intervention strategies could also impact positively on food safety and security especially in rural populations reliant on cereals as a dietary staple has attracted attention throughout the world. The elimination of the growth of toxigenic phytopathogenic fungi in the cereals and cereal-based food products is of paramount importance because of their secondary metabolite production which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, estrogenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxin, etc. Currently probiotics and PGPR-based biofertilizers serve as a good biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi associated with cereals. Even though vast application is in biological control methods, huge energy is implicated on controlling phytopathogenic fungal growth and its effects in vitro and further the knowledge should be developed in applying it in plants and field both in pre and postharvest of storage processing.

Digital signal filtering is one of the prime area which is frequently used in practical applications. In the class of digital filters, the prominent filters include – filters with finite impulse response (FIR) and filters with infinite impulse response (IIR). Low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters are the different types of filters that are currently employed for carrying out filtering actions. Filters are used for practical applications to reduce the noise incurred while processing the signals received, whether it may be an audio signal, video signal, bio-medical signal and so on. The key features for the design of filters include the optimization of coefficients and in turn the design of coefficients is based on attaining maximum stop band attenuation with less ripple rates. This paper proposes the soft computing based wavelet concept being introduced in the charged system search algorithm at the updation process. The scaling factor in the updation equation is implemented with a wavelet introduced to improve the exploration and exploitation capability of the algorithm. This introduction of wavelet into the algorithm results in faster convergence of the algorithm and proves its effectiveness in comparison with that of the other approaches as available in the literature.

Mycotoxigenic fungal pathogens belonging to genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium are the important factors that cause a serious loss to agricultural products causing phytopathological and mycotoxicological risks at preharvest and in processed food. Mycotoxins pose serious problems for animal and human health with a significant economic impact worldwide. The idea of controlling seed borne pathogens with pesticides or fungicides is being challenged in favor of using biological control strategy, which increases yield, protect the environment and biological resources. Successful application of biological control strategies requires knowledge-intensive management. Biological control strategies like microbial antagonists either alone or integrated or may be used as endophytes, plant products, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, probiotics, and several atoxigenic strains of organisms as biocontrol agents with their ability to reduce both fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination to reduce pesticide inputs, emerged as a promising approach for control of mycotoxins in cereals both pre- and postharvest.

CFD simulations of the 2D lid-driven square cavity flow are performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The two-dimensional square lid driven cavity can be achieved by steady motion of the upper walls. This paper mainly focuses on flow and mixing characteristics of fluids in a Lid driven square cavity by steady motion of both upper and bottom plate. This aims at simulating square 2-D Lid driven cavity flow at different Reynolds number. Also, simulations can be carried out by introducing a solid object (i.e. square block) at different positions in the cavity and streamline patterns can be compared with above case and its mixing characteristics has been studied. The comprehensive features and variations of flow patterns of the flow field under various operating conditions can be computed. The cavity flow is studied as it is a flow which shows very clearly the important aspects of mixing behavior in a creeping flow. The mixing rates can be analyzed in terms of the flow patterns and tracer dynamics. Using CFD, the study of mixing characteristics of fluids based on cavity flow becomes easier and more economic than with the use of experiments. Mixing is relevant where Reynolds number is high and diffusion rate is high.

Among the 194 Fusarium verticillioides isolates screened from 127 cereal samples, 176 were fumonisin producers and others were non-producers. Representative nine Fusarium verticillioides strains along with one reference standard strain MTCC156 were selected to study their morphological, pathological and mycotoxicological variations by conventional and molecular approaches. Fusarium verticillioides strains FVM86, FVM146, FV200 and FVS3 showed significant pathogenicity and also in pigmentation production but varied in fumonisin production. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVP19 recorded variations in all the assays. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVM42 showed drastic phenotypic variation and it also produced fumonisin. Genetic variation among the strains was independent of geographic area of origin but depended on their ability to produce fumonisin. The strains were independent in their cultural characteristics, pigmentation production, pathogenicity assays, fumonisin production and in their genetic variability without having any correlation.

Fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides was detected in cereal samples by semi-nested PCR using one forward, VERTF-1, and two reverse primers, VERTR and VERTF-2. A total of 326 Fusarium species isolated from maize, paddy, sorghum, wheat and pearl-millet samples were subjected to a first round of n-PCR with the species specific VERTF-1 and VERTR set of primers which recorded 59.50% of F. verticillioides. Further, second round of n-PCR scored 53.98% of fumonisin-producing F. verticillioides with fumonisin specific VERTF-1 and VERTF-2 set of primers. Maize samples recorded the highest frequency of fumonisin-producing F. verticillioides 40.98%, followed by paddy 33.33%, and sorghum 12.50%. Sensitivity of nested PCR was conducted by whole grain experiment of the cereals, roots and leaves of the cereals by diluting the DNA 10-100 times, in which 1:50, 1:75, and 1:100 diluted samples recorded positive. This method can be used for the early detection of fumonisin producing F. verticillioides occurrin...

Many industrial water bodies are polluted with organic and inorganic contaminants discharged into them as effluents. Bioremediation is a waste water management technique that facilitates removal or neutralization of pollutants from a contaminated site. Many plants and their extracts have been used for bioremediation of heavy metals in the process of phytoremediation. Moringa olifera , also known as drumstick is a fast growing, drought resistant plant that belongs to the family of Moringaceae. Its fruit and leaf are consumed as diet and the bark has healing properties as recorded in ancient medicine. Moringa olifera seeds have been reported to have bioremedial property which can be enhanced on chemical modification. Data optimization studies have been performed for various heavy metals and their adsorption on to the chemically modified biosorbent. Our study aims at identifying major polluted lakes in and around Urban Bangalore and their phytoremediation using dried and chemically modified leaf and bark powders. Contaminated water samples were collected from Bellandur, Varthur and Hebbal lakes and were subjected to biosorption by the modified leaf and bark powders according to the parameters optimized for seed powders. The reduction in heavy metal content was observed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) methods. Other physico chemical parameters like turbidity, BOD, COD, DO, Nitrate and Phosphate content were examined to emphasize the bioremedial property of chemically modified Moringa olifera leaf and bark extracts. Biosorption of heavy metals was found for the bark and leaf treated water samples and also reduction in the BOD, COD, nitrate and phosphate content and turbidity were observed for both the biosorbents. These results showed the enhancement of potability of these treated water samples and their applications in a larger scale. Further recovery and reusability of the biosorbents for enhanced recovery of the pollutants has to be studied for their commercialization.

The scope of this paper is to forecast wind speed. Wind speed, temperature, wind direction, relative humidity, precipitation of water content and air pressure are the main factors make the wind speed forecasting as a complex problem and neural network performance is mainly influenced by proper hidden layer neuron units. This paper proposes new criteria for appropriate hidden layer neuron unit’s determination and attempts a novel hybrid method in order to achieve enhanced wind speed forecasting. This paper proposes the following two main innovative contributions 1) both either over fitting or under fitting issues are avoided by means of the proposed new criteria based hidden layer neuron unit’s estimation. 2) ELMAN neural network is optimized through Modified Grey Wolf Optimizer (MGWO). The proposed hybrid method (ELMAN-MGWO) performance, effectiveness is confirmed by means of the comparison between Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Adaptive Gbest-guided Gravitational Search Algorithm (GGSA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Evolution Strategy (ES), Genetic Algorithm (GA) algorithms, meanwhile proposed new criteria effectiveness and precise are verified comparison with other existing selection criteria. Three real-time wind data sets are utilized in order to analysis the performance of the proposed approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method (ELMAN-MGWO) achieve the mean square error AVG ± STD of 4.1379e-11 ± 1.0567e-15, 6.3073e-11 ± 3.5708e-15 and 7.5840e-11 ± 1.1613e-14 respectively for evaluation on three real-time data sets. Hence, the proposed hybrid method is superior, precise, enhance wind speed forecasting than that of other existing methods and robust.

A model of multi criteria decision making based on extended ANP has been provided and the existing AHP scale method is replaced by another method, in which the user has to provide fewer inputs. To check the validity of the proposed method, a sample data has been taken and an enhanced method is applied on it.

In India, continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water from Solar power and desalination plant plays a major role in the industries. Particularly in Carbon black industry, Solar power adopts Solar field collector combined with thermal storage system and steam Boiler, Turbine & Generator (BTG) for electricity production and desalination plant adopts Reverse osmosis (RO) for sweet/potable water production which cannot be used for long hours of power generation and consistency of energy supply for industrial processes and power generation cannot be ensured. This paper presents an overview of enhanced technology for Solar power and Desalination plant for Carbon black industry making it continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming industries.

The present study was conducted to explicit antioxidant and free radical scavenging potency of the methanolic leaf extract of Cinnamomum iners and screen the chemical composition using GC–MS. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total anti-oxidant content of C . iners were 7.434 ± 0.04 mg TAE/g DW, 3.2 ± 0.12 μg QE/g DW and 119.412 ± 0.39 mg TAE/g DW, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of methanolic leaf extract recorded the IC 50 value at the concentration of 15 μg/ml. Among various antioxidant assays performed, maximum inhibition occurred in ABTS assay (99.36%) followed by TBA (95.39%) and FTC (81.37%). A total of six compounds, i.e., 4-piperidineacetic acid, 1-acetyl-5-ethyl-2-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 H -indol-2-yl]-a-methyl-methyl ester; pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester; 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester; cyclopropanebutanoic acid, 2-[[2-[[2-[(pentylcyclopropyl) methyl]cyclopropyl]methyl]cyclopropyl]methyl]-, methyl ester; cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester; and oxiraneundecanoic acid, 3-pentyl-, methyl ester, cis - was detected using GC–MS. The study proves that the plant can be potentially used as an antioxidant agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

In India, continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water from Solar power and desalination plant plays a major role in the industries. Particularly in Copper industry, Solar power adopts Solar field collector combined with thermal storage system and steam Boiler, Turbine & Generator (BTG) for electricity production and desalination plant adopts Reverse osmosis (RO) for sweet/potable water production which cannot be used for long hours of power generation and consistency of energy supply for industrial processes and power generation cannot be ensured. This paper presents an overview of enhanced technology for Solar power and Desalination plant for Copper industry making it continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming industries.

Dental trauma can predominantly affect the maxillary anteriors. Trauma can occur to any age group due to accidents, assaults, or leisure activities. The goal of the treatment for traumatically injured teeth is to return the teeth to acceptable function and form. In this case presentation, the endodontic and esthetic treatment approach of crown fracture is presented.

Water quality assessment is essential to ensure viable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Sixty groundwater samples were collected systematically during pre and post monsoon season in the Vaniyar watershed in the Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Understand the geochemistry of the groundwater and to assess the overall physicochemical faces in the study area. Vaniyar watershed lies between the latitudes 11°46’ N to 12°09’39” N and longitudes 78°12’27” E to 78°36’65” E and covering an area of 982.25 km 2 . Out of which plain land covers an area of 591.43 km 2 . The study area is underlain by the Archaean crystalline rocks surrounded by hills. The physical and chemical parameters of the analytical results of groundwater were compared with the standard guideline of values recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards for irrigational suitability, domestic usage further hydrogeochemical data have been plotted in a standard graphs such as United State Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and Wilcox's diagrams. Based on the United State Salinity Laboratory (USSL) results of C3-S1 (452.75 Km 2 ) class is good and could be used for all types of crops. Base on the Wilcox's diagrams that the groundwater near the downstream is good for irrigation and the contamination are found to be high in some places. This may be due to the rock water interactions because highly weathered rock noticed during field validation. Result reveals that 377.41 Km 2 (61.67%) areas fall in (Wilcox) Good to Permissible category and 452.75 Km 2 area falls in (USSL) C3-S1 category. Above said areas indicate that the groundwater could be used for all types of crops. According to U.S. Salinity Laboratory diagram, the majority of groundwater samples belongs to C3–S1 (High Salinity – Low SAR) category and spatially covers an area 452.75 Km 2 under “Suitable” zone. In the present study, it is evident that high salinity of groundwater persists at majority of sites. Hence, for high to very high salinity of waters, soil must be permeable with adequate drainage facilities for satisfactory crop growth.

The paper presents a hand-held optical sensor for simultaneous and minimal invasive measurement of pH and dissolved oxygen using sol–gel based sensing membranes which are attached internally in any see-through container. The sensing system shows the stable results over the period of time and possess the characteristics such as, minimum response time and repeatability. The disposable membranes are prepared using simple procedures and are very thin in size that can be attached the inner surfaces of transparent columns such as, measuring jar, conical flask, cuvettes and bio reactors. The pH sensor can be applied to the range between 3 pH and 9 pH, however, it shows good sensitivity between 4 pH and 9 pH with the response time of less than 10 s. The dissolved oxygen is measured in the range from 2 mg/L to 9 mg/L. It is found that, the opto electronic system posses the features, such as in-situ, simple, cost efficient, handheld and field deployable.

Cloud computing is the universal area where the data owners will outsource their relevant data to the untrusted public cloud, which allows the data users to retrieve the data with full integrity. To provide data privacy and integrity, most of the research works were focused under single data owner for secure searching of encrypted data over the cloud. Provided, various cloud service providers in day today life do not provide service to single data owner. Instead, the cloud service provider support multiple data owners to share the various benefits provided by the cloud computing. Data users are initially authenticated to establish a secure search over the encrypted cloud data. The data users can have a secure search without having knowledge regarding the real data and the secret keys of the data owners. Wei et al [9] proposed a privacy preserving ranked multi-keyword search. In this approach, ranking based multi-keyword searching mechanism was developed. The main advantage of this work is data privacy. So the authors claim that the proposed protocol provides data privacy by preventing the hackers from eavesdropping the secret keys and impersonating like a legitimate data user while submitting the search request to the cloud. Initially, after extensive analysis performed in this research work, we have identified several issues in the protocol proposed by Wei et al scheme. First the proposed protocol is vulnerable to impersonation attack. Therefore, when the attacker submits a request, the cloud server cannot find the difference between the request submitted by the legitimate user and the attacker. We have provided a detailed analysis of this attack in this paper and a formal proof of this attack is also given to prove that this scheme is a vulnerable one. Therefore, it is essential to develop a new efficient secure ranking based multi-keyword searching mechanism which enables the data users to perform a secure data access from the untrusted pubic cloud.

Among the 194 Fusarium verticillioides isolates screened from 127 cereal samples, 176 were fumonisin producers and others were non-producers. Representative nine Fusarium verticillioides strains along with one reference standard strain MTCC156 were selected to study their morphological, pathological and mycotoxicological variations by conventional and molecular approaches. Fusarium verticillioides strains FVM86, FVM146, FV200 and FVS3 showed significant pathogenicity and also in pigmentation production but varied in fumonisin production. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVP19 recorded variations in all the assays. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVM42 showed drastic phenotypic variation and it also produced fumonisin. Genetic variation among the strains was independent of geographic area of origin but depended on their ability to produce fumonisin. The strains were independent in their cultural characteristics, pigmentation production, pathogenicity assays, fumonisin production and in their genetic variability without having any correlation.

RF energy is widely available in urban area and thus presents a promoting ambient energy harvesting source. In this project, my objective were to realize harvester operation at mobile network signal power level found with in urban environments to recycle the energy for many application. To provide unlimited energy for the life span of electronic devices, energy harvesting used inexhaustible sources with no adverse environment effect. The receiving Antenna capture the RF signal from the surrounding sources such as mobile network signals and rectified into capable DC voltage. The possible of their power limitations is to extract energy from the environment to directly charge the mobile. For this RF energy harvesting us use an antenna design of Rectenna have been proposed for use patch antenna because of their low profile, light weight and planar structure.

The objective of the current study is to investigate the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the bark extracts of Alstonia scholaris L. The barks were extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol using soxhlet apparatus. The antioxidant potential of all the extracts was estimated by DPPH method. The antimicrobial property of the plant extracts was determined by disc diffusion method using gram positive, gram negative and fungal strains. The anticancer property was determined by MTT assay on HepG2 and HT-29 cells. All extracts exhibited significant antoxidant potential with fraction 1 of ethyl acetate extract showing the highest antioxidant potential. All extracts displayed antibacterial activity against all the selected gram-positive strains and some gram negative strains. All the extracts were found to have antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans at a concentration of 2mg but only methanolic extract was found to have activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The maximum cytotoxic effect was exhibited by ethyl acetate and methanolic extract on HepG2 and HT-29 respectively.

Background Evaluation of the combinatorial anticancer effects of curcumin/5-fluorouracil loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles (CRC-TCS-NPs/5-FU-TCS-NPs) on colon cancer cells and the analysis of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of CRC-TCS-NPs/5-FU-TCS-NPs in a mouse model. Methods CRC-TCS-NPs/5-FU-TCS-NPs were developed by ionic cross-linking. The in vitro combinatorial anticancer effect of the nanomedicine was proven by different assays. Further the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution analyses were performed in Swiss Albino mouse using HPLC. Results The 5-FU-TCS-NPs (size: 150 ± 40 nm, zeta potential: + 48.2 ± 5 mV) and CRC-TCS-NPs (size: 150 ± 20 nm, zeta potential: + 35.7 ± 3 mV) were proven to be compatible with blood. The in vitro drug release studies at pH 4.5 and 7.4 showed a sustained release profile over a period of 4 days, where both the systems exhibited a higher release in acidic pH. The in vitro combinatorial anticancer effects in colon cancer (HT29) cells using MTT, live/dead, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle analysis measurements confirmed the enhanced anticancer effects (2.5 to 3 fold). The pharmacokinetic studies confirmed the improved plasma concentrations of 5-FU and CRC up to 72 h, unlike bare CRC and 5-FU. Conclusions To conclude, the combination of 5-FU-TCS-NPs and CRC-TCS-NPs showed enhanced anticancer effects on colon cancer cells in vitro and improved the bioavailability of the drugs in vivo. General significance The enhanced anticancer effects of combinatorial nanomedicine are advantageous in terms of reduction in the dosage of 5-FU, thereby improving the chemotherapeutic efficacy and patient compliance of colorectal cancer cases.

This paper proposes new criteria to fix hidden neuron in Multilayer Perceptron Networks for wind speed prediction in renewable energy systems. To fix hidden neurons, 101 various criteria are examined based on the estimated mean squared error. The results show that proposed approach performs better in terms of testing mean squared errors. The convergence analysis is performed for the various proposed criteria. Mean squared error is used as an indicator for fixing neuron in hidden layer. The proposed criteria find solution to fix hidden neuron in neural networks. This approach is effective, accurate with minimal error than other approaches. The significance of increasing the number of hidden neurons in multilayer perceptron network is also analyzed using these criteria. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations were conducted on real time wind data. Simulations infer that with minimum mean squared error the proposed approach can be used for wind speed prediction in renewable energy systems.

The work describes the constructions of optical fiber based minimal invasive sensing system to measure pH and dissolved oxygen using sol-gel membranes which are attached internally in any transparent container. The disposable sensing membranes are very thin size and prepared as fluorescent dye doped in silica film using simple procedures. The sensor characteristics such as response time, linearity, repeatability and reversibility are evaluated and the performance of the sensor also compared with commercial meters. The experiments such as, chemical stability and photo stability are also carried out. The detection limit of pH sensor is found between 3 pH and 10 pH, however good sensitivity is obtained for the ranges from 4 pH and 9 pH with the response time of 7 seconds. Non-linear response is obtained for dissolved oxygen sensor and it is made linear by applying Stern-Volmer equation. The oxygen sensor shows good sensitivity in the ranges from 2 mg/L to 8 mg/L.

In general, in peritoneal dialysis (PD) practice in hospitals, Twardowski and Prowant's exit-site classification system is used, while the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) exit-site scoring system is practical to use in community visits with less experienced healthcare personnel. Nevertheless, when exit-site scoring is 3 points under the ISPD exit-site score system and it falls in the category of equivocal under the Twardowski and Prowant's exit-site classification, the physician should be vigilant about the possibility of developing peritonitis, and hence, patients need to be kept under periodic monitoring.

In recent times, the application of enabling technologies such as digital shearography combined with deep learning approaches in the smart quality assessment of tires, which leads to intelligent tire manufacturing practices with automated defects detection. Digital shearography is a prominent approach that can be employed for identifying the defects in tires, usually not visible to human eyes. In this research, the bubble defects in tire shearography images are detected using a unique ensemble hybrid amalgamation of the convolutional neural networks/ConvNets with high-performance Faster Region-based convolutional neural networks. It can be noticed that the routine of region-proposal generation along with object detection is accomplished using the ConvNets. Primarily, the sliding window based ConvNets are utilized in the proposed model for dividing the input shearography images into regions, in order to identify the bubble defects. Subsequently, this is followed by implementing the Faster Region-based ConvNets for identifying the bubble defects in the tire shearography images and further, it also helps to minimize the false-positive ratio (sometimes referred to as the false alarm ratio). Moreover, it is evident from the experimental results that the proposed hybrid model offers a cent percent detection of bubble defects in the tire shearography images. Also, it can be witnessed that the false-positive ratio gets minimized to 18 percent.

Contamination with Fusarium verticillioides not only diminishes the yield and quality of a crop but also produces fumonisin toxin. Fumonisin is a potential carcinogen which is a global concern, since it is a common contaminant of cereals and cereal-based foods. It is associated with a variety of significant adverse health effects in livestock and animals. Molecular based techniques are available for the detection of fumonisin producing F. verticillioides to meet the industry's need for quick results, which cannot be done using conventional mycological methods. Current molecular methods are mainly based on variants of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involving gene or species-specific primers, which provide a better approach than traditional methods. The present review discusses advanced molecular methods which are more labor intensive but less time consuming and specifically meant for early detection of fumonisin producing F. verticillioides.

The Central Public Sector Enterprises in India are considered to be the powerful instrument of bringing socio-economic transformation in India. The contribution of Central Public Sector Enterprises towards GDP of India is highly remarkable. The industries under various sectors in the hold of Central Government are responsible for the development of the nation. Hence, this study is an attempt to evaluate the performance of select Maharatna Status Central Public Sector Enterprises using ratio analysis and also to examine the financial health by employing the Altman Z Score Model for the period of ten years from 2007–08 to 2016–17. It is found from the study that the sample companies are showing better performance in liquidity and financial solvency but BHEL shows poor performance in inventory management. The study also reveals that NTPC and SAIL are in distress zone.