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Banana (Musa spp.) is a crop with outstanding economic and social expression throughout the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different mulches types in growth production and postharvest of banana ‘BRS Platina’ not irrigated. The experiment was conducted in the farm of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). Micropropagated banana plants of the cultivar BRS were planted in the field with a spacing of 2.5 × 3.0 m (1333 plants ·ha-1), without irrigation. About 20 days after planting, different mulches were installed: black polyethylene films, double-sided polyethylene films (white and black), organic mulch (from the own crop) and control (bare soil). The experimental was set up in a randomized block design with four treatments, six blocks and six plants per treatment, totaling 144 plants. Among the six plants used in each treatment, two constituted the border, therefore four plants were evaluated. The analysis performed in the first and second crop were: growth analysis, postharvest quality, production and productivity. Both organic and inorganic (plastic film) mulch provide greater growth and yield of banana ‘BRS Platina’ not irrigated, in two years of production and can be used in the cultivation of this crop.

Received: February 1st, 2021 ; Accepted: April 24th, 2021 ; Published: May 24th, 2021 ; Correspondence: sofia.mp.teixeira@uac.pt This research aims to study the effect of nutritive value of Musa spp on animal feed. Residues of banana culture, leaves and stems, could be used as a fibre source for animal feeding, especially in Banana producing areas, such as Macaronesia Archipelagos, avoiding wastes and supplementing periods of scarcity of food. Musa spp were collected and dried at 65 °C in an oven with controlled air circulation. The pseudostems were divided in three different portions and chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and in vitro gas production were determined. Regarding dry matter results, they were low (16.54% in leaves and 6.54% DM% in pseudostem), crude protein raging 11.25 DM% in leaves and 7.25% in pseudostem. Concerning fiber values, NDF is higher in leaves (70.07 DM%) than in pseudostems (52.11 DM%) and ADL is higher in leaves (9.90 DM%) comparing with pseudostems (6.21 DM%). In vitro DM digestibility is low, (24.42% in leaves and 42.69% in pseudostem), corroborating the NDF values. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The results showed that the gas production in leaves was lower (11.36 mL 200 mg˗1 DM) when compared to pseudostem (23.81 mL 200 mg˗1 DM), being so in accordance with the digestibility results. The current study suggested that this by-product can be used in animal feed, however, it will be necessary to carry out tests to improve its nutritional value, namely with NaOH and/or with Urea, being a promising strategy for improving ruminant feed efficiency.

Banana is a crop with outstanding economic and social expression throughout the world, therefore, it is important to use appropriate methods of propagation. The micropropagation is an appropriate method because it is disease-free, unlike traditional methods that spread pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on foliar anatomy and chlorophyll content of banana plants culturedin vitro using temporary immersion bioreactor technology. Explants of ?Dwarf Cavendish? banana established in vitro were inoculated in bioreactors containing MS liquid medium. Treatments included silicon concentration (0 and 1 mLL-1) and frequency of immersions (every 4, 6, and 8 hours) lasting 1 minute per immersion. Cultures were maintained in a growth room at 27 ± 2 °C under LED light (50 μmol m-² s-¹) with a 16 h of photoperiod for 36 days. After that period, anatomical characteristics and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Higher values were observed for some characteristics validated in plants cultivated with silicon when compared to control. Silicon addition resulted in increased thickness of the leaf?s limb tissues, resulting in a larger mesophyll (563.122μm) which is the set of measurements of all leaf?s limb tissues, it also provided greater adaxial and abaxial stomatal density (0.108817μm and 0.305085μm) respectively, greater adaxial and abaxial polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio (1.982 and 2.069) respectively, and increased chlorophyll a content (0.000134 mg·g-1 fresh weight) and a/b ratio (1.710425) of plants of banana ?Dwarf Cavendish? cultured in bioreactors. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-10T18:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AGRIS-Banana-Biorreactors-2021.pdf: 439742 bytes, checksum: 7be61f067486a2a989ef5869b39588b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Prediction models may contribute to data analysis and decision-making in the management of a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the yield of ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ banana plants by means of artificial neural networks, as well as to determine the most important morphological descriptors for this purpose. The following characteristics were measured: plant height; perimeter of the pseudostem at the ground level, at 30 cm and 100 cm; number of live leaves at harvest; stalk mass, length and diameter; number of hands and fruits; bunches and hands masses; hands average mass; and ratio between the stalk and bunch masses. The data were submitted to artificial neural networks analysis using the R software. The best adjustments were obtained with two and three neurons at the intermediate layer, respectively for ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’. These models presented the lowest mean square errors, which correspond to the higher proximity between the predicted and the real data, and, therefore, a higher efficiency of the networks in the yield prediction. By the coefficient of determination, the best adjustments were found for ‘Prata-Anã’ (R² = 0.99 for all the network compositions), while, for ‘BRS Platina’, the data adjustment enabled an R² with values between 0.97 and 1.00, approximately. Yield predictions for ‘Prata-Anã’ and ‘BRS Platina’ were obtained with high efficiency by using artificial neural networks. RESUMO Modelos de predição podem contribuir para a análise de dados e tomada de decisões no manejo de uma cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da predição de produtividade de bananeiras ‘Prata-Anã’ e ‘BRS Platina’, por meio de redes neurais artificiais, bem como determinar os descritores morfológicos mais importantes para este fim. Foram mensurados a altura de planta; perímetro do pseudocaule ao nível do solo, a 30 e 100 cm de altura; número de folhas vivas na colheita; massa, comprimento e diâmetro do engaço; número de pencas e de frutos; massa do cacho e das pencas; massa média das pencas; e relação entre a massa do engaço e do cacho. Os dados foram submetidos a análise por redes neurais artificiais, utilizando-se o software R. Os melhores ajustes foram obtidos com dois e três neurônios na camada intermediária, respectivamente, para ‘Prata-Anã’ e ‘BRS Platina’. Esses modelos apresentaram os menores erros quadráticos médios, o que corresponde a maior proximidade entre os dados preditos e os reais, e, por conseguinte, maior eficiência das redes na predição da produtividade. Pelo coeficiente de determinação, verificaram-se os melhores ajustes para ‘Prata-Anã’ (R2 = 0,99 para todas as composições de rede), enquanto, para ‘BRS Platina’, a adequação dos dados possibilitou R² com valores entre 0,97 e 1,00, aproximadamente. Previsões de produtividade para ‘Prata-Anã’ e ‘BRS Platina’ foram obtidas com alta eficiência por meio de redes neurais artificiais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and carbohydrates in the ‘Pacovan’ banana subjected to coating with carnauba wax, stored at 23 °C and 13 °C. The Bananas were obtained in the city of Bananeiras, Paraiba State, Brazil, collected in the morning, in the totally green maturity stage, with the adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). In Physiology Post Harvest Laboratory, the fruits were sorted, sanitized and subjected to treatment control (with no covering) and carnauba wax at 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The evaluations were performed at 0; 2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 days of storage (23 ± 2 °C) and 0; 4; 8; 12; 16 and 20 days (13 ± 1 °C), with the aim of determining the total soluble sugars (TSS), the reducing sugars (RS), the non-reducing sugars (ANR), the ascorbic acid (AA), and the total extractable polyphenols (PET). The temperature of 13 °C provided the fruits of the ‘Pacovan’banana a life extension of more than 8 days, stability in levels of ascorbic acid and polyphenols compared to storage at 23 ºC. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los compuestos bioactivos y carbohidratos en plátanos ‘Pacovan’ recubiertos con cera de carnauba, almacenados a 23°C y 13°C. Los racimos de plátano se cosecharon en el municipio de Bananeiras (estado de Paraíba, Brasil), por la mañana, en etapa de maduración totalmente verde, con la adopción de las Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA). Se seleccionaron e higienizaron los frutos, los cuales constituyeron el tratamiento control (sin recubrimiento) y el tratamiento con cera de carnauba al 5%, 7,5% y 10%. Las evaluaciones se realizaron en los tiempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10 días de almacenamiento a 23°C y 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 y 20 días de almacenamiento a 13°C, para la determinación de azúcares solubles totales (AST), azúcares reductores (AR), azúcares no reductores (ANR), ácido ascórbico (AA) y polifenoles extraíbles totales (PET). Los plátanos ‘Pacovan’ recubiertos con cera de carnauba y almacenados a 13°C mostraron una mayor estabilidad en los niveles de ácido ascórbico y polifenoles y una vida útil prolongada por más otros 8 días en comparación con los plátanos almacenados a 23°C. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar os compostos bioativos e carboidratos em banana ‘Pacovan’ submetida ao revestimento com cera de carnaúba, armazenada a 23 °C e 13 °C. Os cachos de bananas foram obtidos no município de Bananeiras (PB), colhidos no período da manhã, no estádio de maturação totalmente verde, com adoção das Boas Práticas Agrícolas (BPA). Os frutos foram selecionados, sanificados e submetidos aos tratamentos controle (sem revestimento) e cera de carnaúba a 5%, 7,5% e 10%. As avaliações foram realizadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias de armazenamento (23 °C) e 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 dias (13 °C) com o fim de determinar açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares redutores (AR), açúcares não redutores (ANR), ácido ascórbico (AA) e polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET). As Bananas ‘Pacovan’ armazenadas a 13 °C e revestidas com cera de carnaúba apresentaram maior estabilidade nos teores de ácido ascórbico e polifenóis e prolongamento de vida útil por mais 8 dias em relação ao armazenamento a 23 ºC.

In this study, the effect of ripening stage (R), cultivar (C), bunch type (T), and location (L) on the variability of provitamin A carotenoids (pVACs) in 16 plantain cultivars grown in Cameroon and Gabon was investigated. For the sixteen plantain cultivars, fruits were collected at stages 1 (unripe), 5 (ripe), and 7 (overripe) from three different bunch types (French, False Horn, and True Horn) across 13 locations in Cameroon and Gabon. For all cultivars, the highest concentration of carotenoids was found in ripe pulp (p < 0.05). For bunch type, a higher level of pVACs was observed in the French type compared with the False Horn and True Horn types at all ripening stages. In addition, the concentration of pVACs at each ripening stage varied greatly across locations. In both countries, the interaction between the four factors, particularly between R × C, R × T, R × L, R × C × L, and R × T × L, contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to the variability of pVACs in plantain. Daily consumption of 100 g of ripe plantain could meet 36.2–101.7 % of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for children 1–5 years old, 20.7–58.1 % for adult women, and 16.1–45.2 % for adult men. These findings can serve as a guide to reducing vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Africa. ispartof: Journal Of Food Composition And Analysis vol:94 pages:1-17 status: published

Nematodes are important pathogens in banana plants, and the lack of resistant genotypes is the biggest challenge of the banana breeding programs. Little is known on the behavior of banana triploids and tetraploids developed by Embrapa regarding parasitism by plant-parasitic nematodes in field conditions. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura experimental areas, naturally infested in five Brazilian states (Embrapa Acre - Acre, Embrapa Semiárido - Pernambuco, Embrapa Cerrados - Distrito Federal, Palmital - São Paulo and Epagri - Santa Catarina) were evaluated for the distribution and population levels of plant-parasitic nematodes in commercial cultivars and triploid and tetraploid genotypes in the final breeding stage. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were the most frequent in roots (40 - 100%) and soil (85.71 - 100%), with a detectable number of juveniles (J2) varying between genotypes (4 - 148 J2.250g-1 roots, and 1 - 110 J2.100 cm-3soil). Four esterase phenotypes were characterized: M. incognita (Est I1 = Rm: 1.0), M. javanica (Est J3 = Rm: 1.0; 1.25 and 1.40 and Est J2 = Rm: 1.0 and 1.40) and M. arenaria (Est A2 = Rm: 1.20 and 1.35), M. javanica (Est J3) was predominant. Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were predominant, however mixed infestations between species were found. The occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. was: M. javanica (68.26%), M. incognita (64.73%) and M. arenaria (16.81%). Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Rotylenchulus reniformis was the second most frequent group. Radopholus similis, Scutellonema sp., Criconemoides sp. and Helicotylenchus sp. presented themselves in low frequency and population levels in banana plants. Nematoides são importantes patógenos em bananeiras, e a inexistência de genótipos com resistência é o maior desafio dos programas de melhoramento genético da cultura. Pouco se conhece sobre o comportamento de bananeiras triploides e tetraploides desenvolvidas pela Embrapa quanto ao parasitismo por fitonematoides em campo. Áreas experimentais naturalmente infestadas da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura em cinco estados brasileiros (Embrapa Acre - Acre, Embrapa Semiárido - Pernambuco, Embrapa Cerrados - Distrito Federal, Palmital - São Paulo e Epagri - Santa Catarina) foram avaliadas quanto a distribuição e níveis populacionais de fitonematoides em cultivares comerciais e genótipos triploides e tetraploides em fase final de melhoramento. Os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) foram os mais frequentes em raízes (40 - 100%) e solo (85,71 - 100%), com número detectável de juvenis (J2) variando entre genótipos (4 - 148 J2.250g-1 raízes e 1 - 110 J2.100 cm-3solo). Quatro fenótipos de esterase foram caracterizados: M. incognita (Est I1 = Rm: 1,0), M. javanica (Est J3 = Rm:1,0; 1,25 e 1,40 e Est J2 = Rm: 1,0 e 1,40) e M. arenaria (Est A2 = Rm:1,20 e 1,35), com predominância de M. javanica (Est J3). Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita foram predominantes, entretanto infestações mistas entre as espécies foram encontradas. A ocorrência de Meloidogyne spp. foi: M. javanica (68,26%), M. incognita (64,73%) e M. arenaria (16,81%). Helicotylenchus multicinctus e Rotylenchulus reniformis foi o segundo grupo mais frequente. Radopholus similis, Scutellonema sp., Criconemoides sp. e Helicotylenchus sp. se apresentaram em baixa frequência e nível populacional nas bananeiras. &nbsp

Background Heterobeltiosis is the phenomenon when the hybrid’s performance is superior to its best performing parent. Banana (Musa spp. AAA) breeding is a tedious, time-consuming process, taking up to two decades to develop a consumer acceptable hybrid. Exploiting heterobeltiosis in banana breeding will help to select breeding material with high complementarity, thus increasing banana breeding efficiency. The aim of this study was therefore to determine and document the level of heterobeltiosis of bunch weight and plant stature in the East African highland bananas, in order to identify potential parents that can be used to produce offspring with desired bunch weight and stature after a few crosses. Results This research found significant progressive heterobeltiosis in cross-bred ‘Matooke’ (highland cooking) banana hybrids, also known as NARITAs, when grown together across years with their parents and grandparents in Uganda. Most (all except 4) NARITAs exhibited positive heterobeltiosis for bunch weight, whereas slightly more than half of them had negative heterobeltiosis for stature. The secondary triploid NARITA 17 had the highest heterobeltiosis for bunch weight: 249% versus its ‘Matooke’ grandparent and 136% against its primary tetraploid parent. Broad sense heritability (across three cropping cycles) for yield potential and bunch weight were high (0.84 and 0.76 respectively), while that of plant stature was very low (0.0035). There was a positive significant correlation (P < 0.05) between grandparent heterobeltiosis for bunch weight and genetic distance between parents (r = 0.39, P = 0.036), bunch weight (r = 0.7, P P = 0.033) and yield potential (r = 0.59, P P Conclusions Such significant heterobeltiosis exhibited for bunch weight is to our knowledge the largest among main food crops. Since bananas are vegetatively propagated, the effect of heterobeltiosis is easily fixed in the hybrids and will not be lost over time after the release and further commercialization of these hybrids.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais O desenvolvimento de filmes comestíveis à base de resíduos agroalimentares combinados com aditivos naturais é uma tecnologia promissora na indústria de alimentos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver filmes e revestimentos comestíveis à base de farinha da casca de banana Prata madura, amido de milho e extrato das folhas de nespereira (Eriobotrya japonica) e aplica-los em queijos muçarela. Primeiramente, a farinha da casca de banana foi caracterizada e apresentou alto teor de carboidratos e de fibra alimentar total, significativa quantidade de fenólicos totais com atividade antioxidante, boas propriedades tecnológicas e foi possível sugerir a presença de 26 substâncias por meio da espectrometria de massas por paper spray (EM-PS). Em seguida, foram desenvolvidos filmes com essa farinha, avaliando-se o efeito da concentração de amido de milho e do tempo de aquecimento sobre as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de barreira. O aumento do teor de amido elevou espessura, resistência mecânica, módulo elástico e permeabilidade ao vapor de água dos filmes. O aumento no tempo de aquecimento reduziu luminosidade e aumentou intensidade da cor e taxa de alongamento dos filmes. Diante desses resultados, foi desenvolvido um filme padrão da farinha da casca de banana para ser caracterizado com e sem a adição do extrato das folhas de nespereira. Este extrato foi obtido avaliando-se a influência da desidratação das folhas, tipo de solvente e método de extração sobre o teor de fenólicos totais e as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Os extratos obtidos com as folhas desidratadas a 40 °C, com etanol e ultrassom possuíram as melhores propriedades e foi possível sugerir a presença de 49 diferentes compostos pela EM-PS. Dessa forma, esse extrato foi escolhido como aditivo a ser incorporado no filme padrão em duas concentrações (2 e 4%). A adição do extrato diminuiu resistência à tração, módulo elástico e permeabilidade ao vapor de água. Apenas no filme contendo 4% do extrato foi observada elevação da intensidade da cor, espessura, alongamento, taxa de deformação e solubilidade, enquanto que a resistência à perfuração diminuiu. Os filmes padrão e acrescentados do extrato foram pouco resistentes mas muito flexíveis em comparação ao filme de amido. Com isso, a formulação padrão e aquela contendo 4% do extrato foram aplicadas em queijos muçarela em pedaços por imersão e em fatias interfolhadas com os filmes, e armazenados a 4 °C durante 28 dias. Houve perda de peso durante o armazenamento para todos os tratamentos. O pH aumentou e a acidez titulável reduziu em função do tempo de armazenamento para ambos os queijos. Os queijos submetidos ao revestimento ou ao filme apresentaram menor umidade que os queijos não tratados. A presença do extrato tornou os queijos menos claros e com coloração amarelada mais intensa. A dureza dos queijos não foi alterada. Conclui-se que o emprego desses filmes e revestimentos comestíveis tem potencial como um material alternativo para armazenamento e conservação de queijos. The development of edible films based on agri-food residues combined with natural additives is a promising technology in the food industry. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop edible films and coatings based ripe banana peel flour, cornstarch and loquat leaves (Eriobotrya japonica) extract and apply them in mozzarella cheeses. First, banana peel flour was characterized and presented high carbohydrate content and total dietary fiber, significant amount of total phenolics with antioxidant activity, good technological properties and it was possible to suggest the presence of 26 substances by paper spray-mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Then, films with this flour were developed, evaluating the effect of cornstarch concentration and heating time on physical, mechanical and barrier properties. The increase in starch content increased thickness, mechanical strength, elastic modulus, and water vapor permeability of the films. The increase in heating time reduced lightness and increased color intensity and elongation rate of the film. In view of these results, a banana peel flour standard film was developed to be characterized with and without the addition of loquat leaf extract. This extract was obtained by evaluating the influence of leaf dehydration, solvent type and extraction method on total phenolic content and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The extracts obtained with the leaves dehydrated at 40 °C, with ethanol and ultrasound, had the best properties and it was possible to suggest the presence of 49 different compounds by PS-MS. This extract was chosen as an additive to be incorporated into the standard film in two concentrations (2 and 4%). The addition of the extract decreased tensile strength, elastic modulus and water vapor permeability. Only in the film containing 4% extract, an increase in color intensity, thickness, elongation, deformation rate and solubility was observed, while the puncture strength decreased. The standard and added extract films were less resistant, but more flexible compared to starch film. With this, the standard formulation and the one containing 4% extract were applied in mozzarella cheeses in pieces by immersion and in slices interleaved with the films, and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. There was weight loss during storage for all treatments. The pH increased and the titratable acidity decreased during storage for both cheeses. The cheeses submitted to coating or film presented lower humidity than controls. The presence of the extract made the cheeses less light and with yellowish color more intense. The hardness of the cheeses has not changed. It is concluded that the use of these edible films and coatings has potential as an alternative material for storage and conservation of cheeses.

The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus; bear) is endemic to the tropical Andes Mountains of South America. Previous assessments predict that bear populations will decline by >30% in the next 30 years. The species may face the greatest threats within its historical distribution in Colombia where rapid agricultural expansion into natural habitats is increasing human–bear conflicts. Between April 2017 and March 2018, we studied bear feeding behavior on plantain (Musa sapientum) and banana (M. paradisiaca) crops within the Barbas-Bremen protected area in the central mountain range of Colombia to describe the magnitude of crop damage, economic losses, and spatial distribution of feeding sites where human–bear conflicts would most likely occur. We also identified all affected farmers and used structured interviews to determine their attitudes toward the bears and their conservation. We recorded 237 damaged plants and identified 57 bear feeding area locations on 9 farms. Bear damage consisted of bites to the trunk of each plant and consumption of the centers. The damage polygon covered 198 ha, and it was located in the northwestern portion of the protected area. Although we estimated that the magnitude of crop consumption by bears and social and economic dimensions of damage caused by the species in Colombia. Our research also provides insights on how human–bear conflicts may be mitigated in the study area.

The largest abiotic constraint threatening banana (Musa spp.) production is water stress, impacting biomass buildup and yields, however, so far no studies have investigated the effects of water stress on allometric equations in banana. Weighted least square regression models were built for (i) estimating aboveground vegetative dry biomass (ABGVD) and corm dry biomass (cormD) and (ii) forecasting bunch fresh weight (bunchF), based on non-destructive parameters for two cultivars, Mchare Huti-Green Bell (HG, AA) and Cavendish Grande Naine (GN, AAA), under two irrigation regimes: full irrigation (FI) and rainfed (RF). FI affected growth, yield, and phenological parameters in the field (p &lt, 0.05) depending on the onset of moisture stress. Pseudostem volume (Vpseudo) proved a good predictor for estimating ABGVD (R2adj = 0.88&ndash, 0.92, RRMSE = 0.14&ndash, 0.19), but suboptimal for cormD (R2adj = 0.90&ndash, 0.89, RRMSE = 0.21&ndash, 0.26 for HG, R2adj = 0.34&ndash, 0.57, RRMSE = 0.38&ndash, 0.43 for GN). Differences between RF and FI models (p &lt, 0.05) were small as 95%CI overlapped. Vpseudo at flowering predicted bunchF in FI plots correctly (R2adj = 0.70 for HG, R2adj = 0.43 for GN, RRMSE = 0.12&ndash, 0.15 for HG and GN). Differences between FI and RF models were pronounced as 95%CI did not overlap (p &lt, 0.05). Bunch allometry was affected by irrigation, proving bunchF forecasting needs to include information on moisture stress during bunch filling or information on bunch parameters. Our allometric relationships can be used for rapid and non-destructive aboveground vegetative biomass (ABGVD) assessment over time and to forecast bunch potentials based on Vpseudo at flowering.

These articles will be used to carry out a systematic review of the studies carried out in the last ten years on Musa resistance to Fusarium wilt with a focus on the methods and tools adopted.

These articles will be used to carry out a systematic review of the studies carried out in the last ten years on Musa resistance to Fusarium wilt with a focus on the methods and tools adopted.

Submitted by Juan Esteban Mayorquin Mayorquin Guevara (juan.mayorquin@unesp.br) on 2020-08-31T21:13:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mayorquin-Guevara_JE.pdf: 1308177 bytes, checksum: 18f6bbcb398be51c598c1e1c1022b1cc (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-09-01T14:12:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mayorquin-guevara_je_me_jabo.pdf: 1308177 bytes, checksum: 18f6bbcb398be51c598c1e1c1022b1cc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-01T14:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mayorquin-guevara_je_me_jabo.pdf: 1308177 bytes, checksum: 18f6bbcb398be51c598c1e1c1022b1cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-08-14 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) As dietas das populações dos países em desenvolvimento são constituídas principalmente por alimentos de origem vegetal, que são pobres em micronutrientes, e isto pode levar à incidência de deficiências nutricionais. A deficiência de zinco (Zn), entre outros nutrientes, está associada ao déficit de crescimento em crianças, destacadamente quando a Ingestão Diária Recomendada (Recommended Dietary Allowance - RDA) de Zn não é atingida. Nestes países a banana e o plátano são considerados alimentos básicos e de consumo massivo, porém com baixo teor de Zn. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo geral estudar métodos de fortificação e de biofortificação de frutos de bananeira visando atingir a RDA de Zn de 3,0 mg dia-1 para crianças de 1 – 3 anos e, por objetivos específicos: i. comparar a eficácia das estratégias de enriquecimento de Zn via imersão dos frutos de bananeira e a injeção no pseudocaule e ii. verificar o efeito da aplicação do sulfato de zinco na vida útil pós-colheita e qualidade dos frutos. A metodologia de fortificação dos frutos por meio de imersão, não se mostrou eficaz em função da baixa infiltração do corante ácido azul 9, utilizado para prever a penetração das soluções de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO4 + 7 H2O). Por outro lado, foi possível biofortificar os frutos de bananeira por meio da injeção de soluções de sulfato de zinco no pseudocaule, triplicando o teor de Zn nos frutos em relação ao controle. O consumo de 81,9 ou 88,5 g de bananas desidratadas dos tratamentos que receberam 20 e 40 g L-1 de sulfato de zinco, respectivamente, supriu 100% da RDA de Zn para crianças de 1 a 3 anos. Do mesmo modo, o consumo de três frutos biofortificados de banana in natura por dia destes tratamentos supriria esta RDA. A vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos biofortificados com sulfato de zinco não foi afetada por estes tratamentos, porém foi observado diminuição do teor dos ácidos orgânicos (AT) e aumento do ratio, o que pode melhorar o aspecto e a aceitabilidade dos frutos biofortificados, sem comprometer seu potencial nutricional. Population diet in developing countries consist mainly of plant-based foods, which are low in micronutrients and may lead to the incidence of nutritional deficiencies. The Zinc deficiency (Zn), among other nutrients, has been associated with growth deficit in children, especially when the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Zn is not achieved. In these countries, bananas and plantains are considered staple foods for massive consumption, but with low Zn content. Therefore, the objective of this study was to study the method effectiveness of fortification and biofortification of banana fruits to achieve the RDA of Zn of (3.0 mg day-1) in children at the age of 1 - 3 years and to i. To compare the efficacy of Zn enrichment strategies via immersion of banana fruits and injection in the pseudocaule and ii. to verify the effect of zinc sulfate application on post-harvest life and fruit quality. The fortification method of the fruits by immersion was not effective due to the low infiltration of the acid blue 9, activity predicted the immersion in zinc sulfate solutions (ZnSO4 + 7H2O). On the other hand, it was possible to biofortify the banana tree fruits by injecting zinc sulfate solutions into the pseudostem, tripling the Zn content in the fruits about the control. The consumption of 81.9 or 88.5 g of dehydrated bananas from the treatments that received 20 and 40 g L-1 of zinc sulfate, respectively, supplies 100% of the RDA of Zn for children from 1 to 3 years. Similarly, the consumption of three biofortified fruits per day of fresh banana from these treatments would supply the RDA. The post-harvest life of the zinc sulfate biofortified fruits was not affected by these treatments, but a decrease in organic acid (AT) content and an increase in the ratio was observed, which can improve the appearance and acceptability of the biofortified fruits without compromising their nutritional potential. Código de Financiamento 001

RESUMEN El banano (Musa spp.) es conocido por su alta demanda de nutrientes, entre ellos el potasio (K). Un suministro adecuado de este elemento nutricional es muy importante para optimizar el equilibrio económico/productivo del cultivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar una dosis óptima económica (DOE) en función de una dosis óptima de fertilización (DOF), a través de dosis crecientes de K2O (0; 350; 525; 700 y 875 kg ha-1) en la forma de nitrato de potasio (KNO3 - 46% K2O). El experimento se realizó en dos localidades (La Primavera y El Guabo) de la provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso de racimo (PR), productividad (Pt) y ratio (Rt). Los resultados revelaron una DOF de 584 y 575 kg ha-1 de K2O, para una Pt de 47,5 y 45,0 t ha-1 en La Primavera y El Guabo, respectivamente. La DOE logró estimar que un 94% de la variación de los ingresos fue causado por la variación del precio de venta comercial de la caja de banano, mientras que el efecto de la variación de la dosis de K2O sobre los ingresos fue de aproximadamente 6%.

Information about production, crop systems and economic viability for technical grown of plantain are scarce in Brazil. Few technologies developed specifically for plantain are available; thus, there are many adaptations of information on banana crops extrapolated to plantain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, nutritional status, gas exchanges, water use efficiency and yield of ‘D’Angola’ plantain under different plant densities, in the first production cycle. The treatments consisted of six plant densities (1,111; 2,500; 2,777; 3,125; 3,571; and 4,166 plants ha-1), which were evaluated in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Vegetative growth, leaf nutrient concentrations at the flowering stage, gas exchanges (monthly) at two reading times, fruit yield and water use efficiency at harvest were evaluated. The nutritional status is not dependent on plant density. The vegetative growth varied, regardless of the plant density, whereas the leaf area index increased as the plant density was increased. The leaf temperature increased as the plant density was increased. The water use efficiency for fruit yield, as a function of plant density, fitted to a quadratic model, with the maximum value at 3,301 plants ha-1. The use of 3,333 plants ha-1 is recommended for plantain. RESUMO No Brasil, são escassas informações acerca dos dados de produção, sobre sistemas de cultivo e viabilidade econômica para exploração tecnificada de plátanos. Há pouca disponibilidade de tecnologias desenvolvidas especificamente para os plátanos, assim, há apenas adaptações de todo o conhecimento gerado para a cultura da bananeira extrapolada aos plátanos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o crescimento, o estado nutricional, as trocas gasosas, a eficiência de uso da água e a produtividade de Plátano ‘D’Angola’ submetido a diferentes densidades de plantio, no primeiro ciclo de produção. Os tratamentos, seis densidades de plantio: 1.111; 2.500; 2.777; 3.125; 3.571; 4.166 plantas ha-1, foram dispostos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: o crescimento vegetativo, os teores de nutrientes nas folhas no florescimento, as trocas gasosas (mensalmente) em dois horários de leitura, os caracteres de rendimento e a eficiência de uso da água na colheita. O estado nutricional independe da densidade de plantio. As características de crescimento vegetativo variaram independentemente das densidades de plantio, enquanto o índice de área foliar aumenta com a densidade de plantio. A temperatura foliar aumenta com o acréscimo da densidade de plantio. A eficiência de uso da água e a produtividade ajustam-se ao modelo quadrático em função da densidade de plantio, sendo o valor máximo com 3.301 plantas ha-1. Recomenda-se a utilização prática de 3.333 plantas ha-1.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthracnose intensity in ‘Prata-Anã’ banana with the application of three phosphite formulations in two application intervals in the developing banana bunches and to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits. In the field, in addition to producer management, three phosphite formulations were evaluated: FCu1 (4% Cu + 20% P2O5), FCu2 (4% Cu + 22% P2O5) and FK (42% P2O5 + 27.7% K2O) sprayed on banana bunches at different application frequencies: four and eight times. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design following a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with 3 phosphite formulations, pure water and no application and two application intervals. Pure water and no application were used as control. Fruits were harvested, stored in refrigeration chamber (25 ± 1 ° C and 80 ± 5% RH) and evaluated for anthracnose incidence and severity, as well as physical and chemical characteristics. The application of copper phosphite can control anthracnose incidence by 38% and severity by 49.5%. The frequency of phosphite application does not affect anthracnose intensity. FCu1 phosphite application in ‘Prata-Anã’ banana bunches, as well as eight phosphite applications increases fresh mass loss. Phosphite application frequency affected the chemical characteristics of banana fruits. Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a intensidade de antracnose em banana ‘Prata-Anã’ com aplicação de três formulações de fosfito, em dois intervalos de aplicação nos cachos da bananeira em desenvolvimento, e avaliar as características físicas e químicas dos frutos. No campo, em adição ao manejo do produtor, foram avaliadas três formulações de fosfito: FCu1 (4% de Cu + 20% de P2O5), FCu2 (4% de Cu + 22% de P2O5) e FK (42 % de P2O5 + 27,7% de K2O) pulverizados nos cachos da bananeira, em diferentes frequências de aplicação: quatro e oito vezes. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, seguindo esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 3 formulações de fosfito, água pura e sem aplicação e dois intervalos de aplicação. Foram adotadas como testemunha água pura e ausência de aplicação. Os frutos foram colhidos, armazenados em câmara de refrigeração (25 ±1°C e 80 ±5% UR) e avaliados quanto à incidência e à severidade da antracnose bem como as características físicas e químicas. A aplicação de fosfito de cobre pode controlar a incidência da antracnose em até 38%, e a severidade, em 49,5 %. As frequências de aplicação dos fosfitos não interferem na intensidade da antracnose. A aplicação de fosfito FCu1 nos cachos de banana ‘Prata-Anã’, assim como realizar oito aplicações de fosfitos, aumenta a perda de massa fresca. A frequência de aplicação dos fosfitos interferiu nas características químicas dos frutos de banana.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Banana fertilization practices aim to increase agricultural yield and the effects of these practices on fruit components have not been well explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phosphate fertilizer levels on production parameters and accumulation of dry matter, phosphorus, starch and resistant starch in green fruits. Four banana genotypes were cultivated under the same cultural practices, with varying levels of phosphate fertilizers during three production cycles. Bunches were harvested and evaluated for total fruit mass, average finger mass and yield. Fresh green fruit pulps were analyzed for dry matter, phosphorus, starch and resistant starch content. The results showed that the effects of phosphate fertilizer were genotype dependent and that the increase of P2O5 rates applied in banana fertilization promoted an increase in fruit production with higher levels of phosphorus, starch and resistant starch. Center for Tropical Roots and Starches (CERAT) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (FCA/UNESP) Center for Tropical Roots and Starches (CERAT) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (FCA/UNESP) CNPq: 302827/2017-0 CNPq: 303373/2014-8 CNPq: 304455/2017-2

The goal of this study was to develop a technique of rearing the Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetdae). The experiment was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of Epagri/Experiment Staton of Itajaí, SC Brazil. The larvae were reared in natural diet: agar (25g), distlled water (500ml), pulp of green banana (500g), methylis parahydroxibenzoas (0.550g), sorbic acid (1.5g) and streptomicina (0,1g). The couples were placed in PVC cages where the females laid their eggs. The incubaton period of the eggs varied from 4 to 7 days. The average duraton of the larval and pupal phases was 25.3 and12.7 days respectvely. The egg-adult period varied from 32 to 41 days. The average lifetme of the female was 10.5 days, and that of the male was 8.3 days. The rearing technique proved adequate for the study of different stages of life cycle and can be enhanced to improve the viability of the larval and pupal phases. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma técnica de criação da traça-da-bananeira Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) para conhecer aspectos do seu ciclo biológico. As lagartas foram criadas em dieta natural com: ágar (25g), água destilada (500ml), polpa de banana verde (500g), methylis parahydroxibenzoas (0,550g), ácido sórbico (1,5g) e estreptomicina (0,1g). Os casais foram colocados em gaiolas de PVC contendo em seu interior folhas dobradas de papel cartolina, nas cores verde e preta, onde as fêmeas puseram os ovos. O período de incubação variou de 4 a 7 dias. A duração média das fases larval e pupal foi de 25,34 e 12,07 dias, respectivamente. O período de ovo até adulto variou de 32 a 41 dias.A longevidade média da fêmea foi de 10,5 dias e a do macho foi de 8,3 dias. A técnica de criação mostrou-se adequada para o estudo das diferentes fases do ciclo biológico, podendo ser aperfeiçoada para melhorar as viabilidades das fases de larva e de pupa.

An outbreak of banana streak virus (BSV) was observed in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the counties of Luís Alves, Massaranduba and Corupá in cultivars of the subgroup Cavendish (Grand Naine and Nanicão) in the2009/10 crop season. BSV causes yellow or chlorotic leaf streaks leading to leaf death. Dark necrotic streaks are observed in the main vein of leaves on the petiole and on the leaf sheath. Tissues inside the pseudostem are destroyed due to infection by the virus, and during the flowering there is “choking” of the pseudostem in the rosette-like leaveswhich prevent normal emergence of the bunch. This causes “abortion” in different points bolow the rosette. Infected plants produce smaller and distorted (inverted) bunches, as well as illformed and necrotic fruits, which eventually split. Eliminating contaminated plants, controlling mealybugs and using healthy plantlets are measures that contributeto the control of BSV. No ano agrícola 2009/10, foi constatada em Santa Catarina, nos municípios de Luís Alves, Massaranduba e Corupá, a ocorrência de “banana streak virus” (BSV) nas cultivares de banana Grande Naine e Nanicão, do subgrupoCavendish. O BSV produz estrias amarelas ou cloróticas nas folhas, que escurecem com o tempo, evoluindo até a morte do tecido. Na bainha, no pecíolo e na nervura principal das folhas ocorrem estrias necróticas escuras. Nointerior do pseudocaule o vírus provoca destruição dos tecidos, e na floração ocorre estrangulamento do pseudocaule na região da roseta foliar, que impede a emergência normal do cacho, provocando “aborto” em diferentes pontosabaixo da roseta. As bananeiras infectad as produzem cachos menores podendo apresentar o engaço retorcido, frutos malformados e manchados. Sob as manchas escuras da epiderme dos frutos, o tecido da casca apresenta-se necrosado, vindo a rachar. A eliminação das plantas contaminadas, o controle de cochonilhas e a utilização de mudas sadias contribuem para o controle da doença.

This study evaluated the effect of banana bunch cover with and without the protection of insecticides in the control of the corky scab thrips Frankliniella brevicaulis. The experiment was carried out at a banana crop in Corupá, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: 1) control test (without bag cover or insecticide protection); 2) polyethylene bag cover; 3) polyethylene bag cover with protection of neem oil 1%; 4) polyethylene bag cover with the protection of garlic and pepper solution 0.6%; 5) polyethylene bag cover with the protection of insecticide imidacloprid; and 6) polypropylene bag cover. The polyethylene banana bunch cover with the protection of insecticides imidacloprid and neem oil were more efficient in the control of thrips, while the treatment with polypropylene bag was not efficientagainst the pest. Avaliou-se o efeito do ensacamento precoce do cacho de bananeira tratado e não tratado com inseticidas no controle do trips-da-erupção-do-fruto Frankliniella brevicaulis. O trabalho foi realizado num bananal localizado no município de Corupá, SC. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Testemunha (cachos sem ensacamento e sem proteção de inseticida); 2) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno; 3) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação de óleo de Nim a 1%; 4) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação de solução de alho e pimenta a 0,6%; 5) Ensacamento docacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação do inseticida imidacloprid a 0,6% e 6) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de tecido não tecido branco (TNT). Os cachos, protegidos precocemente com sacos de polietileno, com aplicação do inseticida imidacloprid e do óleo de Nim foram os mais eficazes no controle de trips, enquanto os sacos de polipropileno(TNT de cor branca) não ofereceram proteção no controle da praga.

Excess of weight in banana boxes is a major cause of post-harvest damages. The aim of the present study was to estimate the average weight of unripe banana from the Cavendish Subgroup [Musa spp. (AAA)] in wooden boxes in packing houses, considering a maximum sampling error of 5%. The banana boxes were weighed just prior to delivery, without the previous knowledge of people involved in the packing, in 28 packing houses located in the main banana producing area on the northern coast of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The mean average net weight of the boxes in the packing houses was23.01kg, which is 9.6% above the reference weight (21kg). This implies that there is an excess of weight in the boxes, which may decrease the fruit quality, as well as the data of banana producton and of the farmer’s income. It can be concluded that there is a need for beter regulatory business laws regarding the banana market and commitment of those involved in post--harvestng practces of the productve chains. A carga que resulta em excesso de peso em caixas de bananas é uma das principais causas de danos pós-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estmar o peso líquido médio de bananas verdes do subgrupo Cavendish [Musa spp. (AAA)] em caixas de madeira, em casas de embalagem de produtores, considerando um erro máximo de amostragem de 5%. As caixas de bananas, prontas para expedição, foram pesadas sem conhecimento prévio dos embaladores, em 28 casas de embalagemno litoral norte catarinense. O valor estimado do peso líquido médio dessas caixas nas casas de embalagem foi de 23,01kg, valor 9,6% acima do peso de referência comercial, que é 21kg. Evidenciou-se o excesso de peso nas caixas, o que compromete a qualidade dos frutos e os dados estatisticos e econômicos de produção. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de aprimoramentos na regulamentação da comercialização de bananas verdes e no grau de corresponsabilidade dos integrantes da cadeia produtiva da banana quanto às prátcas em pós-colheita.

Diet diversification and the exploitation of traditional, micronutrient-rich germplasm of staple crops are generally regarded as sustainable and low-cost approaches to increase the micronutrient intake of resource-poor people. Sun&rsquo, s UV index was collected daily throughout the year. The study assessed the seasonality of provitamin A carotenoids in three plantain cultivars in response to climatic condition. Fruits were harvested at three maturities and freeze-dried before analysis. The results showed that there were high levels of the sun&rsquo, s UV-B radiations throughout the year with the highest occurring from November to May when the area experienced clear skies with minimal cloud cover. These high levels of the sun&rsquo, s UV-B index occurred between 9.00 h GMT and 17.00 h GMT. The study also showed that &alpha, carotene content increased with maturity in &ldquo, Apantu&rdquo, during the rainy seasons ranging from 95 to 172 &mu, g/100 g of dry pulp. Similar trends were observed during the dry season with a range of 28 to 489 &mu, g/100 g. The &alpha, carotene contents were very high in the periods of high sun&rsquo, s UV-B radiations compared to the periods of low sun&rsquo, s UV-B radiations. The &alpha, carotene levels in the giant French plantains showed similar trends. Intermediate French &ldquo, Oniaba&rdquo, and False Horn &ldquo, plantain cultivar showed the highest content of &beta, carotene during the dry season. The high provitamin A carotenoid levels in the cultivars coincided with the high levels of the sun&rsquo, s UV index.

No ano agrícola 2009/10, foi constatada em Santa Catarina, nos municípios de Luís Alves, Massaranduba e Corupá, a ocorrência de “banana streak virus” (BSV) nas cultivares de banana Grande Naine e Nanicão, do subgrupo Cavendish. O BSV produz estrias amarelas ou cloróticas nas folhas, que escurecem com o tempo, evoluindo até a morte do tecido. Na bainha, no pecíolo e na nervura principal das folhas ocorrem estrias necróticas escuras. No interior do pseudocaule o vírus provoca destruição dos tecidos, e na floração ocorre estrangulamento do pseudocaule na região da roseta foliar, que impede a emergência normal do cacho, provocando “aborto” em diferentes pontos abaixo da roseta. As bananeiras infectad as produzem cachos menores podendo apresentar o engaço retorcido, frutos malformados e manchados. Sob as manchas escuras da epiderme dos frutos, o tecido da casca apresenta-se necrosado, vindo a rachar. A eliminação das plantas contaminadas, o controle de cochonilhas e a utilização de mudas sadias contribuem para o controle da doença.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma técnica de criação da traça-da-bananeira Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetidae) para conhecer aspectos do seu ciclo biológico. As lagartas foram criadas em dieta natural com: ágar (25g), água destilada (500ml), polpa de banana verde (500g), methylis parahydroxibenzoas (0,550g), ácido sórbico (1,5g) e estreptomicina (0,1g). Os casais foram colocados em gaiolas de PVC contendo em seu interior folhas dobradas de papel cartolina, nas cores verde e preta, onde as fêmeas puseram os ovos. O período de incubação variou de 4 a 7 dias. A duração média das fases larval e pupal foi de 25,34 e 12,07 dias, respectivamente. O período de ovo até adulto variou de 32 a 41 dias.A longevidade média da fêmea foi de 10,5 dias e a do macho foi de 8,3 dias. A técnica de criação mostrou-se adequada para o estudo das diferentes fases do ciclo biológico, podendo ser aperfeiçoada para melhorar as viabilidades das fases de larva e de pupa.

Ten banana (Musa spp.) cultivars were studied for their antimicrobial properties. Three plant parts (corm, pseudostem and leaves) were collected separately and extracted with different solvents, viz., hexane, acetone, ethanol and water. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay. Eight human bacterial and one fungal pathogen were tested. Acetone and ethanol extract(s) often exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while hexane extracts were less active. Aqueous extracts often showed microbial growth, possibly by endophytes. Leaf extracts were most active, followed by pseudostem, and corm was least active. All the tested banana cultivars were found to contain antimicrobials, as demonstrated by inhibition of selected human pathogens. However, cultivars such as Dole, Saba, Fougamou, Namwah Khom, Pelipita and Mbwazirume showed a broad-spectrum activity, inhibiting all tested pathogens. Other cultivars such as Petit Naine and Kluai Tiparot showed a narrow-spectrum activity, including antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans. Our results support the use of different parts of banana plants in traditional human medicine for infections, including diarrhea and dysentery, and some sexually transmitted diseases, as well as for packaging spoilable materials like food. ispartof: FOODS vol:9 issue:4 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

A carga que resulta em excesso de peso em caixas de bananas é uma das principais causas de danos pós-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estmar o peso líquido médio de bananas verdes do subgrupo Cavendish [Musa spp. (AAA)] em caixas de madeira, em casas de embalagem de produtores, considerando um erro máximo de amostragem de 5%. As caixas de bananas, prontas para expedição, foram pesadas sem conhecimento prévio dos embaladores, em 28 casas de embalagem no litoral norte catarinense. O valor estimado do peso líquido médio dessas caixas nas casas de embalagem foi de 23,01kg, valor 9,6% acima do peso de referência comercial, que é 21kg. Evidenciou-se o excesso de peso nas caixas, o que compromete a qualidade dos frutos e os dados estatisticos e econômicos de produção. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de aprimoramentos na regulamentação da comercialização de bananas verdes e no grau de corresponsabilidade dos integrantes da cadeia produtiva da banana quanto às prátcas em pós-colheita.

Avaliou-se o efeito do ensacamento precoce do cacho de bananeira tratado e não tratado com inseticidas no controle do trips-da-erupção-do-fruto Frankliniella brevicaulis. O trabalho foi realizado num bananal localizado no município de Corupá, SC. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Testemunha (cachos sem ensacamento e sem proteção de inseticida); 2) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno; 3) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação de óleo de Nim a 1%; 4) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação de solução de alho e pimenta a 0,6%; 5) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de polietileno + aplicação do inseticida imidacloprid a 0,6% e 6) Ensacamento do cacho com saco de tecido não tecido branco (TNT). Os cachos, protegidos precocemente com sacos de polietileno, com aplicação do inseticida imidacloprid e do óleo de Nim foram os mais eficazes no controle de trips, enquanto os sacos de polipropileno (TNT de cor branca) não ofereceram proteção no controle da praga.

Increased planting density, different types of thinning management, and the use of beneficial microorganisms have been adopted as strategic tools in the effort to increase crop yields in a sustainable manner. This investigation evaluated the growth and production of ‘Prata Ana Gorutuba’ banana ( Musa spp., AAB) under different plant densities during two production cycles in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Micropropagated plantlets were also inoculated with endophytic bacteria and cultivated as part of two mat management strategies. Planting density varied between 1,680 and 3,920 plant ha–1. During the experiment, water was less than optimal because of rationing due to drought in the region. Under field conditions, there was no difference between bacterially inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The dense planting system increased the crop cycle. The highest-density planting treatment (3,920 plant ha–1) resulted in the highest yield in the first cycle, but no net income was observed. However, the high-density planting treatments resulted in the highest yields and gross incomes in the second production cycle. Management with thinning of plants up to 10-months-old and thinning up to harvest associated with high planting density increased the length of the production cycles. Although the water restriction experienced in the first and second crop cycles, the vegetative and productive traits of ‘Prata Ana Gorutuba’ banana did not compromise the objectives of this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, firmness, skin colour and sugar content should support choosing the choice of the most appropriate stage to harvest bananas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal harvest stage of different cultivars according to five fruit diameters. Through a randomized block design with 4 replicates, the following variables were evaluated such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity index, firmness, fruit peel colour and sugar content on the cultivars Prata-Ana, Maca, FHIA 18, Grand Naine and Nanicao IAC 2001. Fruits from the second bunch of banana bundle were harvested when they reached the diameters of 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 mm. Results showed that the harvest stages (i.e., banana fruit diameters) affect the fruit quality attributes among cultivars; thus, it is recommended to harvest the fruits of 'FHIA 18' with 34, 36 or 38 mm in diameters; Grand Naine with 38 or 40 mm; 'Maca' and 'Nanicao IAC 2001' with 38 mm; and 'Prata-ana' with 34 or 36 mm. Department of Horticulture School of Agriculture Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Tropical Root and Starches Center Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Horticulture School of Agriculture Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Tropical Root and Starches Center Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-24T05:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1341802 bytes, checksum: 9413c69fd3b0acb9099571352a0c55db (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-24T05:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1341802 bytes, checksum: 9413c69fd3b0acb9099571352a0c55db (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Trabalho não está de acordo com as Normas. Verifique as correções enviadas por e-mail. 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Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Trabalho não está de acordo com as Normas. Verifique as correções enviadas por e-mail. 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Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Trabalho não está de acordo com as Normas. Verifique as correções enviadas por e-mail. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T12:04:49Z (GMT) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Trabalho não está de acordo com as Normas. Verifique as correções enviadas por e-mail. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T12:04:49Z (GMT) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). 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Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Corrigir nº de páginas da ficha catalográfica. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-24T05:09:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1341802 bytes, checksum: 9413c69fd3b0acb9099571352a0c55db (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). 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Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Trabalho não está de acordo com as Normas. Verifique as correções enviadas por e-mail. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T12:04:49Z (GMT) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Corrigir nº de páginas da ficha catalográfica. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Corrigir nº de páginas da ficha catalográfica. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T16:08:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Hebert.pdf: 1339553 bytes, checksum: e5c020b1dff1b5d02b1904fb08fc581b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Rejected by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br), reason: Corrigir nº de páginas da ficha catalográfica. Agradecemos a compreensão! on 2020-04-27T17:20:13Z (GMT) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Submitted by Hebert Teixeira Cândido (hebert.candido@gmail.com) on 2020-04-27T17:54:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação HTC.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-27T18:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ht_me_botfca.pdf: 1339552 bytes, checksum: 8d512583c2dd1c44f1a747323644808c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-27 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O Brasil é grande produtor mundial de banana e ações para a melhoria da cadeia produtiva em regiões não tradicionais de cultivo são determinantes para o incentivo ao incremento de produção. Nesse sentido, os sistemas agrícolas têm efeitos significativos na qualidade e na pós-colheita dos produtos. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a cadeia produtiva e os aspetos técnicos da bananicultura no munícipio de Botucatu-SP e avaliar os frutos de bananeira ‘Nanica’ cultivada em sistemas convencional e orgânico em diferentes estádios de maturação, bem como, a composição química da farinha de banana verde (casca e polpa). A coleta de informações ocorreu por meio da aplicação de questionários em sete propriedades rurais do Município. A análise pós-colheita dos frutos in natura foi realizada em três dos sete estádios maturação, sendo eles o segundo, o quinto e o sétimo. As farinhas (casca e polpa) foram produzidas com frutos no primeiro estádio de maturação (casca com coloração completamente verde). Os resultados da análise da produção de banana no município de Botucatu-SP mostraram que a bananicultura é praticada em pequenas propriedades, nas quais a família é a principal responsável pela produção e gerenciamento. A maioria dos produtores declarou realizar os principais tratos culturais indicados para a cultura (exceto o ensacamento dos cachos). No entanto, a irrigação é pouco empregada. A produtividade obtida pelos produtores (17,63 t ha-1 ano) é superior à média nacional (14,34 t ha-1 ano). Nas propriedades não se realizam técnicas de beneficiamento dos frutos. O principal destino da produção é o mercado local, com a comercialização por meio de canais curtos. Nos estágios mais avançados de maturação os frutos orgânicos apresentaram maiores teores de cinzas e açúcares redutores em polpa. Em relação às cascas, os orgânicos apresentaram maior umidade, cinzas, teor de amido, coloração mais intensa e menor teor de açúcar redutor. As farinhas obtidas de frutos orgânicos apresentaram maiores teores de proteína, matéria graxa, fósforo, potássio, magnésio e zinco. As farinhas obtidas de frutos convencionais apresentaram maiores teores de manganês e sódio (farinha de casca) e, manganês e zinco (farinha de polpa). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ações direcionadas à melhoria das práticas de manejo e pós-colheita dos frutos nas propriedades rurais. Os frutos cultivados no sistema orgânico apresentaram melhor qualidade no final da maturação. As farinhas obtidas de frutos orgânicos apresentaram mais variáveis com melhores resultados para as analises centesimal e mineral. Brazil is a major world producer of bananas and actions to improve the production chain in non-traditional growing regions are crucial to encourage an increase in production. In this sense, agricultural systems have significant effects on product quality and post-harvest. This study aimed to characterize the production chain and the technical aspects of banana production in the municipality of Botucatu-SP and to evaluate the 'Nanica' banana fruits grown in conventional and organic systems at different ripening stages, as well as the chemical composition of the flour of green banana (peel and pulp). Information was collected through questionnaires in seven rural properties in the municipality. The post-harvest analysis of fresh fruits was carried out in three of the seven maturation stages, the second, the fifth and the seventh. Flours (peel and pulp) were produced with fruits at the first stage of maturation (peel with completely green color). The results of the analysis of banana production in the municipality of Botucatu-SP showed that banana farming is practiced on small properties, in which the family is primarily responsible for production and management. Most of the producers declared to carry out the main cultural treatments indicated for the culture (except the bagging of the bunches). However, irrigation is little used. The productivity obtained by the producers (17.63 t ha-1 year) is higher than the national average (14.34 t ha-1 year). Fruit processing techniques are not used in the properties. The main destination of production is the local market, with marketing through short channels. In the most advanced stages of maturation, organic fruits showed higher levels of ash and reducing sugars in pulp. In relation to the shells, the organic ones had higher humidity, ash, starch content, more intense color and less reducing sugar content. Flours obtained from organic fruits showed higher levels of protein, grease, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc. Flours obtained from conventional fruits showed higher levels of manganese and sodium (bark flour) and, manganese and zinc (pulp flour). The results indicate the need for actions aimed at improving fruit management and post-harvest practices in rural properties. The fruits grown in the organic system showed better quality at the end of ripening. Flours obtained from organic fruits showed more variables with better results for centesimal and mineral analysis. 131978/2018-7

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão dos resíduos da bananicultura submetidos a diferentes processos de secagem sobre o consumo, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e parâmetros respirométricos em dietas de cordeiros em crescimento. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros, com peso corporal médio de 20 kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos: Feno Cynodon spp. como tratamento controle, fenos de pseudocaule de bananeira seco à sombra ou ao sol, e fenos de folha de bananeira seco à sombra ou ao sol. Foram avaliados o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em gaiolas metabólicas e na sequência os animais foram transferidos para uma câmara respirométrica onde realizou-se a avaliação do consumo de oxigênio e produção de gás carbônico e metano (CH4) dos animais mantidos na mantença e ad libitum em sistema de respirometria de circuito aberto. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott- Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Os fenos de pseudocaule em ambos métodos de secagem apresentaram maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (76,00%), matéria orgânica (76,75%) e fibra em detergente neutro (59,75%), possivelmente devido a presença de taninos nas folhas, já a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta não foi influenciada pelo tipo de feno ou método de secagem (P>0,05). Os consumos de energia digestível, metabolizável e líquida não foram influenciados pelo tipo de feno ou método de secagem. Para os parâmetros respirométricos os diferentes fenos e os métodos de secagem não influenciaram nas trocas gasosas e produção de calor dos animais alimentados ad libitum (P>0,05). Já para os animais alimentados na mantença houve variação na produção de CH4 e coeficiente respiratório (CR). A perda de energia na forma de metano foi inferior para os animais alimentados com os fenos de folhas (P0.05). The pseudostem hays in both drying methods showed higher digestibility coefficients of dry matter (76.00%), organic matter (76.75%) and neutral detergent fiber (59.75%), possibly due to the presence of tannins in leaves, the apparent digestibility of crude protein was not influenced by the type of hay or drying method (P>0.05). The consumption of digestible, metabolizable and liquid energy was not influenced by the type of hay or drying method. The different hays and drying methods did not influence the respirometric parameters, gas exchange and heat production of animals ad libitum fed (P>0.05). For the animals maintenance fed, there was variation in CH4 production and respiratory coefficient (CR). The loss of energy in the form of methane was lower for animals fed with leaf hay (P

Banana is an important crop in high altitude areas of Tanzania, grown widely both as a food staple and as the main source of income. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility, a result of gradual nutrient mining by the crop. Currently, soil fertility management in banana-based farming systems in the country relies mainly on applications of animal manure. However, the amount of manure produced in most farms is not enough to replenish soil fertility due to the small number of animals kept by smallholder resource-poor farmers who are the major producers in the country. Field experiments were conducted at three sites with varying soil types and contrasting weather conditions along the altitudinal gradients on the slopes of the volcanic mountains of Kilimanjaro and Meru, northern Tanzania to (1) investigate the effect of mineral nitrogen (mineral N) fertilizer applications on the growth and yield of Mchare banana (Musa spp., AA, a traditional East African highland cooking banana sub-group), at the four levels of 0, 77, 153, and 230 kg N ha&minus, 1 year&minus, 1 as a starter strategy to improve the current soil fertility management strategies, and (2) evaluate the effect of the combined use of inorganic and organic N sources on growth and banana fruit production as an alternative strategy to manage soil fertility and minimize animal manure requirements. The treatment factors were trial sites (Tarakea, Lyamungo, and Tengeru) as the main factor and N fertilization strategies (as urea alone, sole cattle manure, and in combination with urea, sole common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) haulms as well as in combination with urea) as a sub factor. Bean haulms and cattle manure were applied each year for two years. Fertilization at 153 kg N ha&minus, 1 derived solely from urea significantly (p &lt, 0.001) resulted in high yield increment of up to 42% relative to the control. However, the increase was highest (52%) with the same N dose derived from cattle manure in combination with urea at 50% substitution. Sole bean haulms resulted in a smaller yield increment, the same as the lowest N dose from the sole urea fertilization treatment. The study concludes that soil fertility management in smallholder banana-based farming systems should not solely rely on animal manure and mineral fertilizers.

Pseudocercospora musae, causal agent of Sigatoka leaf spot, or yellow Sigatoka disease, is considered a major pathogen of banana (Musa spp.). Widely disseminated in Brazil, this study explored the genetic diversity in field populations of the pathogen from production areas in the Distrito Federal and the States of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Norte. Resistance to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides was also examined. For 162 isolates from 10 banana growing regions, analysis of mating type idiomorph frequency was conducted, together with estimation of genetic diversity at 15 microsatellite loci. A total of 149 haplotypes were identified across the examined populations, with an average genetic diversity of 4.06. In general, populations displayed 1:1 proportions of idiomorphs MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, providing evidence for sexual recombination. Multilocus linkage disequilibrium also indicated asexual reproduction contributing to the genetic structure of certain populations. AMOVA revealed that 86.3% of the genetic differentiation of the pathogen occurred among isolates within populations. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) identified six most probable genetic groups, with no population structure associated with geographic origin or collection site. Although genetic similarity was observed among certain populations from different states, data revealed increasing genetic differentiation with increasing geographic distance, as validated by Mantel’s test (r = 0.19, P < 0.001). On the basis of DMI fungicide sensitivity testing and CYP51 gene sequence polymorphism, isolates from the Distrito Federal separated into two main groups, one with generally higher EC50 values against eight DMI fungicides. A clear phenotype-to-genotype relationship was observed for isolates carrying the CYP51 alteration Y461N. Conventionally adopted fungicides for control of Sigatoka leaf spot are likely to be overcome by combined sexual and asexual reproduction mechanisms in P. musae driving genetic variability. Continued analysis of pathogen genetic diversity and monitoring of DMI sensitivity profiles of Brazilian field populations is essential for the development of integrated control strategies based on host resistance breeding and rational design of fungicide regimes.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of salinity levels of irrigation water on physiology and growth of banana cultivars during the vegetative stage. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design in split plots, with four levels of salinity in irrigation water (0.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four banana cultivars (Pacovan, Prata Anã, BRS Platina and Princesa) with three repetitions. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, relative water content, leaf water potential and proline concentration were evaluated at 150 days after transplanting (DAT), besides plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. All variables showed sensitivity to the increase of salinity level of irrigation water. The results of soil water extraction, relative water content in leaf (RWC), leaf water potential and proline content differed (p ≤ 0.05) among the cultivars. Prata Anã and BRS Platina cultivars were the ones with lowest sensitivity, while Pacovan and BRS Princesa cultivars showed larger variation of soil water extraction and RWC with the increase in irrigation water salinity (electrical conductivity), being considered the ones of highest sensitivity to salinity in this study. Banana crop growth as a consequence of physiological effects was inhibited by the increase in water salinity, mainly in “BRS Princesa” cultivar.

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Sigatoka leaf diseases are a major constraint to banana production. A survey was conducted in Tanzania and Uganda to assess the distribution of Pseudocercospora species and severity of Sigatoka leaf diseases. Pseudocercospora species were identified using species-specific primers. Sigatoka-like leaf diseases were observed in all farms and on all cultivars, but disease severity varied significantly (P < 0.001) between countries, districts/regions within countries, altitudinal ranges and banana cultivars. In all regions except Kilimanjaro, P. fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka, was the only pathogen associated with Sigatoka disease. Mycosphaerella musae was associated with Sigatoka-like symptoms in Kilimanjaro region. Black Sigatoka disease was more severe in Uganda, with a mean disease severity index (DSI) of 37.5%, than in Tanzania (DSI = 19.9%). In Uganda, black Sigatoka disease was equally severe in Luwero district (mean DSI = 40.4%) and Mbarara district (mean DSI = 37.9%). In Tanzania, black Sigatoka was most severe in Kagera region (mean DSI = 29.2%) and least in Mbeya region (mean DSI = 11.5%). Pseudocercospora fijiensis, the most devastating sigatoka pathogen, was detected at altitudes of up to 1877 m a.s.l. This range expansion of P. fijiensis, previously confined to altitudes lower than 1350 m a.s.l. in East Africa, is of concern, especially for smallholder banana farmers growing the susceptible East African Highland bananas (EAHB). Among the banana varieties sampled, the EAHB, FHIA hybrids and Mchare were the most susceptible. Here, the loss of resistance in Yangambi KM5, a banana variety previously resistant to P. fijiensis, is reported for the first time. ispartof: Plant Pathology vol:69 issue:1 pages:50-59 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Banana streak virus (BSV) belongs to the members of the genus Badnavirus, family Caulimoviridae. At present, BSV contains nine species in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification report (2018b release). Previous study indicated that the viral particles of Banana streak virus Acuminata Yunnan (BSV-Acum) were purified from banana (Cavendish Musa AAA group) leaves in Yunnan Province, China, and its complete genome was obtained. To further determine whether this sample infecting with Banana streak GF virus (BSGFV), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning and complete genome analysis of the Banana streak GF virus Yunnan isolate (BSGFV-YN) isolate were carried out in this study. The result showed that BSGFV-YN infecting Cavendish Musa AAA group was co-infecting this sample. Its genome contains a total of 7,325 bp in length with 42% GC content. This complete genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number MN296502. Sequence analysis showed that the complete genome of BSGFV-YN was 98.14% sequence similarity to BSGFV Goldfinger, while it was 49.10–57.09% to other BSV species. Two phylogenetic trees based on the complete genome and ORFIII polyprotein indicated that BSGFV-YN and other BSV species clustered into a group, while it was the highest homology with BSGFV Goldfinger. Although BSGFV-YN and BSGFV Goldfinger were highly homologous, their cultivating bananas are different. The former cultivating banana was from Cavendish Musa AAA group, while the latter cultivating banana was from Goldfinger Musa AAAB group. Compared with BSGFV Goldfinger, the genome of BSGFV-YN has an extra multiple repetitive sequences in the intergenetic region between ORFIII and ORFI, suggesting that this region might be related to host selection. In summary, a BSGFV-YN distant from BSV-Acum was identified from the same sample, and its complete genome sequence was determined and analyzed. The study extends the polymorphism of BSVs in China and provides scientific clue for the evolutionary relationship with host selection of badnaviruses.

Adequate nutritional management of any plant species requires quantifying the nutrients accumulated in the plant and knowing their allocation in the different organs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the partitioning, accumulation, export of macronutrients and the nutritional efficiency of fertigated Prata banana plants. A historical survey of annual fruit productivity was conducted in 66 plots of Prata banana, selecting four that met the annual productivity classes (< 30.0; 30.0 = 37.5; 37.5 = 45.0 and > 45.0 t ha-1). The dry matter weights of the different organs of parent plant and follower, as well as the respective contents of macronutrients, were used to estimate the accumulation, partitioning, export, sequence of accumulation of macronutrients and nutritional efficiency using the coefficient of biological utilization (CBU). The partitioning of macronutrient accumulation varied with productivity class and plant organ. The average distribution of nutrients in the parent plant and in the follower ranged from 67.5 to 82.8 % and from 17.2 to 32.5 %, respectively. Macronutrient exports per ton of bunch were 4.334, 1.660, 0.361, 0.224, 0.148 and 0.119 kg t-1 for K, N, P, Mg, S and Ca, respectively. Banana mats have a nutrient partitioning pattern for different yields, that is, this work provides evidence that there is an “ideal compartmentalization” that promotes higher productivity; however, more research is needed to support this statement. The most exported nutrients per ton of bunch were K and N. The descending order of accumulation was: K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. It was observed that the CBUs of N and P were less sensitive to productivity variations, while those of Ca and Mg were the most sensitive. Resumo O adequado manejo nutricional de qualquer espécie vegetal requer quantificar os nutrientes acumulados na planta e conhecer sua alocação nos diferentes órgãos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a partição, o conteúdo, a exportação de macronutrientes e a eficiência nutricional de plantas de bananeira-Prata fertirrigadas. Realizou-se um levantamento histórico de produtividade anual de frutos em 66 talhões de bananeira-Prata, selecionando-se quatro que atendessem às classes de produtividade anual (< 30,0; 30,0 = 37,5; 37,5 = 45,0 e > 45,0 t ha-1). Utilizando-se da massa de matéria seca dos diferentes órgãos da planta-mãe e da planta-filha, bem como dos respectivos teores de macronutrientes, estimaramu-se o conteúdo, a partição, a exportação, a sequência de acúmulo dos macronutrientes e a eficiência nutricional por meio do coeficiente de utilização biológica (CUB). A partição do conteúdo de macronutrientes variou com a classe de produtividade e o órgão da planta. A distribuição média de nutrientes na planta-mãe e na planta-filha apresentou amplitudes de 67,5 a 82,8 % e de 17,2 a 32,5 %, respectivamente. As exportações de macronutrientes por tonelada de cacho foram 4,334; 1,660; 0,361; 0,224; 0,148 e 0,119 kg t-1 para K, N, P, Mg, S e Ca, respectivamente. A bananeira possui padrão de partição de nutrientes para diferentes rendimentos, ou seja, o trabalho traz evidências de que existe uma “compartimentalização ideal” que promove maiores produtividades; entretanto, há necessidade de mais pesquisas para suportar essa afirmação. Os nutrientes mais exportados por tonelada de cacho foram K e N. A ordem decrescente de acúmulo foi: K > N > Ca Mg > P > S. Observou-se que os CUBs de N e P foram menos sensíveis às variações de produtividade, enquanto Ca e Mg foram os mais sensíveis.