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A rapid method was presented for the determination of 19 polyphenols in tea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS). Tea samples were extracted by 50% (V/V) ethanol, then separated by Waters Acquity BEH C18 column using a binary solvent system composed of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid) by gradient elution. The analytes were determined by Q-TOF MS in TOF MS and information dependent acquisition (IDA)-MS/MS mode. The results showed that mass accuracy error of the 19 polyphenols were lower than 5.0 × 10–6, good linear relationship was got in range of 0.2–500 μg/L and correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9990. The LOD was in the range of 0.002–0.100 mg/kg and the LOQ was in the range of 0.004–0.200 mg/kg. Recovery of the method was in range of 78.4%–109.2% with spike levels of 0.004–2.000 mg/kg, relative standard deviations were lower than 10%. The method was simple, rapid and accurate. It could be used for the rapid screening and quantitative analysis of 19 polyphenols in tea.

In this paper a typical tension/compression asymmetry (TCA) behavior of a Ni48W35Co17 alloy is found by quai-static and dynamic mechanical tests and then systematically investigated by in-situ tensile and compression tests equipped with SEM, EBSD, TEM, etc. The true stress obtained by compression of this alloy is found increasing to 2500 MPa or even larger with strain over 0.5, which is almost twice of the value of tension. In tension, a little increase of reinforcement coefficient is found with increasing strain rates, from 0.36 to 0.56 max. In compression, reinforcement coefficient is found increased apparently from 0.76 to 1.24 according to the exponential stress-strain relationship. The TCA behavior of this alloy is related to the dislocation nucleation stress asymmetry. The TCA of yield strength is related to the formation of textures on [111] and [110] directions, since a larger nucleation stress is required in uniaxial compression than tension. TCA is also promoted by the formation of twin boundaries or sub-grain boundaries due to the higher average nucleation stress tilt grain boundaries in compression than intension. TCA behavior of this alloy in dynamic deformation is attributed to the high dislocation densities due to the formation of very thin deformation twins.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapeutic paradigm and substantially improved the survival of patients with advanced malignancies. However, a significant limitation is the wide variability in clinical response. Main text Several biomarkers have been evaluated in prior and ongoing clinical trials to investigate their prognostic and predictive role of patient response, nonetheless, most have not been comprehensively incorporated into clinical practice. We reviewed published data regarding biomarkers that have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as well as experimental tissue and peripheral blood biomarkers currently under investigation. We further discuss the role of current biomarkers to predict response and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and the promise of combination biomarker strategies. Finally, we discuss ideal biomarker characteristics, and novel platforms for clinical trial design including enrichment and stratification strategies, all of which are exciting and dynamic to advance the field of precision immuno-oncology. Conclusion Incorporation and standardization of strategies to guide selection of combination biomarker approaches will facilitate expansion of the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to appropriate subsets of cancer patients.

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC‐sEVs) have shown great application potential in regenerative medicine. To standardise its research and clinical application, the first set of guidelines on hPSC‐sEVs in China ‘Requirements for human pluripotent stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles’ was released by the Chinese Research Hospital Association on 28 December 2021 and came into effect on 1 January 2022. It was jointly drafted and agreed upon by the experts from the Chinese Society of Extracellular Vesicles. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods and regulations, packaging, instructions for use, labelling, storage, transportation, and waste handling for hPSC‐sEVs, which apply to the production and quality control of hPSC‐sEVs. We hope that the publication of these guidelines will make it one step closer to international standardisation of hPSC‐sEVs for research and application.

Abstract Detection and imaging of α‐L‐fucosidase (AFU) is of great value to understand its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and tumor early diagnosis, but ideal assays are still lacking. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent biosensor (α‐Fuc‐DCM) was elaborately designed and synthesized for rapid and ratiometric detection of AFU activity in cells and HCC tumor mouse models. In the presence of AFU, this biosensor shows an enhancement in NIR emission in a ratiometric manner, which significantly improves the detection accuracy with the limit of detection as low as 4.8 mU/mL. Taking advantage of these merits, the activity of AFU in lysosomes could be visualized using ratiometric and NIR dual modality in living cells. Furthermore, its remarkable application for monitoring of endogenous AFU activity in HCC tumor‐bearing mouse model is also demonstrated with bright fluorescence signal, which indicated that the biosensor could clearly monitor the liver tumor in the early stage. Importantly, the α‐Fuc‐DCM probe can be utilized to detect the AFU in serum from HCC patients. This strategy offers a promising biosensor system for early diagnosis of HCC and studying the roles of AFU in cancers.

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin regulators are upregulated in diverse tumors where they portend adverse outcomes, although how they function in cancer remains unclear. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are highly lethal tumors characterized by dense desmoplastic stroma composed predominantly of cancer-associated fibroblasts and fibrotic tissue. Here, we uncover an epigenetic program whereby HMGA1 upregulates FGF19 during tumor progression and stroma formation. HMGA1 deficiency disrupts oncogenic properties in vitro while impairing tumor inception and progression in KPC mice and subcutaneous or orthotopic models of PDAC. RNA sequencing revealed HMGA1 transcriptional networks governing proliferation and tumor-stroma interactions, including the FGF19 gene. HMGA1 directly induces FGF19 expression and increases its protein secretion by recruiting active histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K27Ac). Surprisingly, disrupting FGF19 via gene silencing or the FGFR4 inhibitor BLU9931 recapitulates most phenotypes observed with HMGA1 deficiency, decreasing tumor growth and formation of a desmoplastic stroma in mouse models of PDAC. In human PDAC, overexpression of HMGA1 and FGF19 defines a subset of tumors with extremely poor outcomes. Our results reveal what we believe is a new paradigm whereby HMGA1 and FGF19 drive tumor progression and stroma formation, thus illuminating FGF19 as a rational therapeutic target for a molecularly defined PDAC subtype.

IntroductionSamonella is 1 of 4 key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases, sometimes it can be serious, especially for yong children. Due to the extensive resistance of salmonella serotypes to conventional first-line drugs, macrolides (such as azithromycin) have been designated as the most important antibiotics for the treatment of salmonella. Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem in the world, and the mechanism of azithromycin resistance is rarely studied.MethodsThis study determined the azithromycin resistance and plasmids of Salmonella enterica isolates from children attending the Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. The susceptibility of ampicillin (AMP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CRO), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), chloramphenicol (CL), and azithromycin (AZM) were detected and the genes and plasmids from azithromycin-resistant Salmonella were detected by Illumina hi-seq and Nanopore MinIone whole genome sequencing (WGS) using a map-based method, and the genomic background of these factors was evaluated using various bioinformatics tools.ResultsIn total, 15 strains of nontyphoid Salmonella strains that were isolated (including S. typhimurium, S.London, S. Goldcoast, and S.Stanley) demonstrated resistance to azithromycin (minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC from 32 to >256 µg/mL), and the resistance rate was 3.08% (15/487). The sensitivity test to other antibiotics demonstrated 100% resistance to AMP, and the resistance to SMZ and CL was 86.7% and 80.0%, respectively. Through WGS analysis, all isolates were positive for a plasmid-encoded mphA gene. Plasmid incompatibility typing identified five IncFIB(K), five IncHI2/HI2A/Q1, two IncC, one IncHI2/HI2A/N, one IncR, one IncFII and one IncHI2/HI2A plasmids. Sequence analyses of plasmids revealed extensive homology to various plasmids or transposons in regions involved in plasmid replication/maintenance functions and/or in antibiotic resistance gene clusters.ConclusionmphA is the main gene involved in azithromycin, a macrolide, and resistance to Salmonella. It is usually located on plasmids and easily spreads, hence posing a great threat to the current treatment of Salmonella infection. The plasmid sequence similarities suggest that the plasmids acquired resistance genes from a variety of enterica bacteria and underscore the importance of a further understanding of horizontal gene transfer among enterica bacteria.

Abstract Accumulation of obsolete biomolecules can accelerate cell senescence and organism aging. The two efficient intracellular systems, namely the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and the autophagy‐lysosome system, play important roles in dealing with cellular wastes. However, how multicellular organisms orchestrate the processing of obsolete molecules and delay aging remains unclear. Herein, it is shown that prevention of exosome release by GW4869 or Rab27a−/− accelerated senescence in various cells and mice, while stimulating exosome release by nutrient restriction delays aging. Interestingly, exosomes isolate from serum‐deprived cells or diet‐restricted human plasma, enriched with garbage biomolecules, including misfolded proteins, oxidized lipids, and proteins. These cellular wastes can be englobed by macrophages, eventually, for disintegration in vivo. Inhibition of nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 signaling increases exosome release and delays senescence, while constitutive activation of mTORC1 reduces exosome secretion and exacerbates senescence in vitro and in mice. Notably, inhibition of exosome release attenuates nutrient restriction‐ or rapamycin‐delayed senescence, supporting a key role for exosome secretion in this process. This study reveals a potential mechanism by which stimulated exosome release delays aging in multicellular organisms, by orchestrating the harmful biomolecules disposal via exosomes and macrophages.

Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke caused by the rupturing of blood vessels in the brain. The ability to accurately assess the degree of bleeding in an SAH model is crucial for understanding the brain‐damage mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. However, current methods are unable to monitor microbleeding owing to their limited sensitivities. Herein, a new bleeding assessment system using a bioprobe TTVP with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is demonstrated. TTVP is a water‐soluble, small‐molecule probe that specifically interacts with blood. Taking advantage of its AIE characteristics, cell membranes affinity, and albumin‐targeting ability, TTVP fluoresces in bleeding areas and detects the presence of blood with a high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. The degree of SAH bleeding in an endovascular perforation model is clearly evaluated based on the intensity of the fluorescence observed in the brain, which enables the ultrasensitive detection of mirco‐bleeding in the SAH model in a manner that outperforms the current imaging strategies. This method serves as a promising tool for the sensitive analysis of the degree of bleeding in SAHs and other hemorrhagic diseases.

With advancements in swarm intelligence, artificial intelligence, and wireless mobile network technology, unmanned swarms such as unmanned aerial vehicles, ground vehicles, ships, and other unmanned systems are becoming increasingly autonomous and intelligent. Benefiting from these technologies, intelligent unmanned swarms are able to efficiently perform complex tasks through collaboration in various fields. However, malicious use of intelligent unmanned swarms raises concerns about the potential for significant damage to national infrastructures such as airports and power facilities. Defending against malicious activities is essential but challenging due to the swarms’ abilities to perceive, understand complex environments, and make accurate decisions through multi-system collaboration. This perspective sheds light on recent research in counter-measures and provides new trends and insights on how to prevent malicious actions by intelligent unmanned swarms.

Some epidemiological studies support a relationship between nickel exposure and diabetes in the general population. To address this, we tested the association of nickel exposure with diabetes in 10,890 adults aged ≥ 18 years old from the China National Human Biomonitoring study conducted in 2017–2018. Urinary nickel concentrations and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured, and lifestyle and demographic data were collected. Weighted logistic and linear regressions were used to estimate the associations of urinary nickel levels with diabetes prevalence and FBG. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to test for the dose-response relationship. The odd ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of diabetes for the highest versus lowest quartiles of urinary nickel concentrations was 1.74 (1.28, 2.36) in the multivariate model (p trend =0.001). Each one-unit increase in log-transformed urinary nickel concentrations was associated with a 0.36 (0.17, 0.55) mmol/L elevation in FBG. The RCS curves showed a monotonically increasing dose-response relationship of urinary nickel with diabetes as well as FBG levels, and then tended to flatten after about 4.75 μg/L of nickel exposure. The nickel-diabetes association was stronger in individuals with lower than those with higher rice consumption (OR: 2.39 vs. 1.72). Our study supports a positive association between nickel exposure and diabetes prevalence in Chinese adults, especially in individuals with lower rice consumption. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.

Abstract Phase‐change semiconductor is one of the best candidates for designing nonvolatile memory, but it has never been realized in organic semiconductors until now. Here, a phase‐changeable and high‐mobility organic semiconductor (3,6‐DATT) is first synthesized. Benefiting from the introduction of electrostatic hydrogen bond (S···H), the molecular conformation of 3,6‐DATT crystals can be reversibly modulated by the electric field and ultraviolet irradiation. Through experimental and theoretical verification, the tiny difference in molecular conformation leads to crystalline polymorphisms and dramatically distinct charge transport properties, based on which a high‐performance organic phase‐change memory transistor (OPCMT) is constructed. The OPCMT exhibits a quick programming/erasing rate (about 3 s), long retention time (more than 2 h), and large memory window (i.e., large threshold voltage shift over 30 V). This work presents a new molecule design concept for organic semiconductors with reversible molecular conformation transition and opens a novel avenue for memory devices and other functional applications.

Objective: To explore the epidemic spread and prevention strategy of COVID-19 by Omicron variant in a single office building. Methods: Retrospective data were collected for the period from March 19, 2022 to March 28, 2022. During this period, the infection rate, epidemic survey, transmission chain, population vaccination and Ct value of infected cases, as well as other data of 458 persons at risk in the single office building were collected. The response measures and outcomes were recorded, and the characteristics of this round of epidemic transmission were analyzed, and the prevention and control strategies were summarized. Results: The epidemic situation in a single office building lasted for 10 days from March 19 to March 28. Forty-two out of the 458 persons in the office building were infected, with an infection rate of 9.17%. After the large-scale single room isolation measure was put in place for key populations on March 21, the infection rate showed a significant downward trend, reversing the previous upward trend. The real-time reproduction number (Rt) value changed dynamically with time (from 10.8 to 2.2) and reached a value of lower than 1 on the third day of isolation. For patients with Ct value above 30, the positive conversion rate of close contacts was about 6.0%. For patients with Ct value between 20-30, the positive conversion rate of close contacts is higher, about 25.6%. Among patients with Ct value below 20, the conversion rate of close contacts was as high as 62.5%. Compared with CT value >30 and their corresponding close contacts as the reference group, the infection risk of close contacts of infected persons with CT value of 20-30 increased significantly (OR=5.37, 95% CI: 1.88-15.33). The infection risk of close contacts of infected persons with CT value

While solid-state batteries offer higher energy densities than liquid-based batteries, such devices require effective ion conduction pathways. Here, authors prepare porous organic cages as solution-processable catholytes that are enable excellent performances from various cathode active materials.

Abstract Background Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BRPC/LAPC) remains controversial. Herein, we report on surgical, pathologic, and survival outcomes in BRPC/LAPC patients treated at a high‐volume institution with induction chemotherapy (CTX) followed by 5‐fraction SBRT. Methods BRPC/LAPC patients treated between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical and pathological outcomes were descriptively characterized. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Locoregional failure and distant failure were analyzed with Fine–Gray competing risk model. Results Of 155 patients, 91 (59%) had LAPC and 64 (41%) had BRPC. Almost all were treated with induction multi‐agent CTX with either FOLFIRINOX (75%) or gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel (24%) for a median duration of 4.0 months (1–18 months). All received SBRT to a median dose of 33 Gy. Among 64 BRPC patients, 50 (78%) underwent resection, of whom 48 (96%) achieved margin‐negative (R0) resection. Among 91 LAPC patients, 57 (63%) underwent resection, of whom 50 (88%) achieved R0 resection. Despite the high R0 rate, 33% of patients experienced locoregional failure, which was a component of 44% of all failures. After SBRT, median OS and PFS were 18.7 and 7.7 months, respectively. After SBRT, 1‐ and 2‐year OS probabilities were 70% and 45%, whereas, from diagnosis, they were 93% and 51%. Conclusions Although a high proportion of BRPC/LAPC patients treated with induction multi‐agent CTX followed by SBRT successfully achieved R0 resection, locoregional failure remained common, highlighting the need to continue to optimize radiation delivery in this context.

Abstract Background Immunotherapy has demonstrated a limited clinical efficacy in approximately 5% of cholangiocarcinoma. The main challenges for an effective immunotherapy response in cholangiocarcinoma arise from the tumor microenvironment, which is poorly understood. Methods For a comprehensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry with two 15-marker immune panels and Nanostring assays for a comprehensive analysis of 104 surgically resected cholangiocarcinomas including intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. We also validated some key findings with a batch integration analysis of published single cell RNA sequencing data. Results This study found that natural killer cells occupy the largest immune cell compartment in cholangiocarcinoma. Granzyme-B+CD8+ effector T cells are significantly associated with better overall survival in both intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Above 85% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas with higher density of PD-1−EOMES−CD8+ effector T cells are associated with long-term survival. However, only the density of PD-1−EOMES−CD8+ T cells in the tumor areas, but not in the peripheries of the tumors, is prognostic. In all three cholangiocarcinoma subtypes, T regulator cells are significantly associated with a poor prognosis; however, M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages or PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophage demonstrate different prognostic values. Combining PD-L1+ M1 or M2, PD-L1− M1 or M2 tumor-associated macrophages, and T regulator cells to subgroup intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma, the prognosis is significantly better distinguished. Moreover, PD-L1− M2 tumor-associated macrophages is associated with a good prognosis in intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting this subtype of M2 tumor-associated macrophages may be antitumoral. Interestingly, lower densities of various types of immunosuppressive cells are associated with decreased infiltration of effector T cells in distal and hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but not in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages exert their immunosuppressive function likely through promoting T cell exhaustion. Conclusions This study suggests that the densities of Granzyme-B+CD8+ effector T cells and non-exhausted PD-1−EOMES−CD8+ T cells and the PD-L1 status in the tumor-associated macrophages are prognostic makers in cholangiocarcinomas. The study also supports targeting PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages as the immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma.

Recent regional cooling has impacted the natural systems of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP); however, little is known concerning the changes in the high parts of the glacial systems. Dry-snow line (DSL), situated in the high parts of glaciers, is the uppermost limit of frequent or occasional surface melt. We analyse dry-snow line altitude (DSLA) changes on the AP during 2004–2020 using C-band synthetic aperture radar time series data. We demonstrate that the DSLA in the eastern part of the AP is usually higher than that of the western part. Moreover, using simulated climatic variables from regional climate models, the lowering in altitude of DSL of glaciers in most areas is identified as a response to a decrease in snowmelt and an increase in precipitation. Furthermore, correlation analyses between simulated climatic variables and the DSLA are conducted. These results present the sensitive response of variations in DSLA to meteorological conditions, and the capability of DSLA being a proxy of polar local climate in high-altitude areas with no in situ meteorological observations.

Aceptando que los estudios del currículum suelen centrarse en la organización, planificación y ordenamiento de los conocimientos, ya sea de manera normativa o crítica, la historia del currículum consiste menos en examinar el currículum del pasado que en estudiar las prácticas históricas que se entrecruzan en las formas de organizar el conocimiento. Con el giro producido hacia el enfoque performativo en los estudios científicos, este artículo debate sobre las formas de imaginar y materializar «situaciones» y «problemas» expresados en la educación STEM como crisis de la futura supervivencia por medio de una historiografía performativa. El artículo comenzará presentando los estudios de la ciencia poshumanista sobre la performatividad y los conceptos de «fantasmagrama» de Michelle Murphy (2017), para responder de las condiciones conceptuales-materiales-afectivas de los instrumentos que configuran el espacio tiempo y dan estabilidad a los fenómenos. Así, primero abordará los estudios existentes en historia y sociología de la ciencia para debatir cómo se inventó «la situación de la vida real» por medio de experimentos militares y científicos estadounidenses que la sustituyeron como condición de su producción durante el periodo de la guerra mundial y la posguerra. A continuación, propondré dos experimentos (el experimento de conducta de pánico de Mintz y el Movimiento Espacial de la Tierra) para examinar cómo el fantasma de la crisis fue coconfigurado con la simulación científica de resolución de problemas colectiva a ambas escalas micro y macro durante los años 1950-1970. Por último, se presentará cómo este fantasmagrama de la crisis empujó el currículum de anticipación y la pedagogía de la «resolución de problemas» para preparar a los estudiantes estadounidenses para la supervivencia global en y después de los años 1980.

Shale oil has gradually become an important alternative resource to conventional oil in the world. It is necessary to study the mineral and stress sensitive characteristics of shale oil reservoir to understand the mobility of reservoir fluid. In this paper, two representative shale cores with different components (type 1 layered limy dolostone and type 2 laminated dolomitic limestone) are selected. The effects of core minerals and stress sensitivity on reservoir fluid flow are compared and analyzed. The stress sensitivity of type 2 cores is higher than that of type 1 cores. The saturated oil content of type 1 cores under high temperature and pressure is significantly higher than that of type 2 cores. The imbibition results show that the Bohai drilling (BH) imbibition fluid has obvious imbibition displacement effect on the oil in the large pore (>100 nm) of the core, and the recovery rate is high. Halliburton (HL) imbibition fluid has more obvious imbibition displacement effect on oil in medium and small pores (10–100 nm), and the recovery rate is lower. Shale oil reservoirs with higher brittle mineral content have lower stress sensitivity and more mobile fluid, which is conducive to fracturing and imbibition displacement. However, the shale oil reservoir with high clay mineral content has strong stress sensitivity and poor fluid mobility, which is not conducive to the development of shale oil. This study pioneers the shale oil productivity evaluation from the perspective of mineralogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D Bi2O2Se is an intriguing building block for next-generation optoelectronic devices owing to its ultrahigh electron mobility and ultrabroadband photodetection capability. However, fully exploiting its advantages in advanced optoelectronic applications remains greatly challenging owing to the lack of in-depth understanding of the morphological evolution of Bi2O2Se crystals and efficient methods for enhancing their photoresponse. Herein, we developed a novel "cage-confinement" technique to achieve dimensionality-tunable growth of Bi2O2Se crystals in a space-confined CVD system. It can effectively control the key parameter of determining the dimensionality of crystals, referred to as the elastic strain energy of nucleation (ΔGs), by tuning the active area size of Bi2O3 seeds at a suitable flow rate of carrier gas. Furthermore, based on an optimized van der Waals transfer technique of crystals and electrodes, a sheet-shaped phototransistor of Bi2O2Se has a high responsivity (R) of ∼74 000 A W-1 and detectivity (D*) of ∼4.0 × 1011 Jones. Meanwhile, a wire-shaped device demonstrates an impressive R value of 300 000 A W-1, D* value of 3.9 × 1012 Jones and photoconductance gain (Gph) of 1.2 × 105. These results surpass most reported Bi2O2Se-based detectors and pave the way for the applications of 2D layered semiconductors in advanced optoelectronic devices and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heparan sulfate (HS) in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a critical regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. Trauma results in HS shedding from the eGC, but the impact of trauma on HS structural modifications that could influence mechanisms of vascular injury and repair has not been evaluated. Moreover, the effect of eGC HS shedding on endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work were to characterize the impact of trauma on HS sulfation and determine the effect of eGC HS shedding on the transcriptional landscape of vascular ECs. Methods: Plasma was collected from 25 controls and 49 adults admitted to a level 1 trauma center at arrival and 24 h after hospitalization. Total levels of HS and angiopoietin-2, a marker of pathologic EC activation, were measured at each time point. Enzymatic activity of heparanase, the enzyme responsible for HS shedding, was determined in plasma from hospital arrival. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize HS di-/ tetrasaccharides in plasma. In vitro work was performed using flow conditioned primary human lung microvascular ECs treated with vehicle or heparinase III to simulate human heparanase activity. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to determine differentially expressed gene-enriched pathways following heparinase III treatment. Results: We found that heparanase activity was increased in trauma plasma relative to controls, and HS levels at arrival were elevated in a manner proportional to injury severity. Di-/tetrasaccharide analysis revealed lower levels of 3-O-sulfated tetramers with a concomitant increase in ΔIIIS and ΔIIS disaccharides following trauma. Admission levels of total HS and specific HS sulfation motifs correlated with 24-h angiopoietin-2 levels, suggesting an association between HS shedding and persistent, pathological EC activation. In vitro pathway analysis demonstrated downregulation of genes that support cell junction integrity, EC polarity, and EC senescence while upregulating genes that promote cell differentiation and proliferation following HS shedding. Discussion: Taken together, our findings suggest that HS cleavage associated with eGC injury may disrupt homeostatic EC signaling and influence biosynthetic mechanisms governing eGC repair. These results require validation in larger, multicenter trauma populations coupled with in vivo EC-targeted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on engineered cementitious composites was carried out using recycled micronized powder from waste construction waste as a substitute for cement. Consequently, this paper focuses on the investigation of recycled micronized powder (RMP) as the subject of study. Using RMP-PP-ECCA0 as the control group, we explored the impact of polypropylene fiber content (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) and the substitution rate of RMP (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) on the mechanical properties, resistance to chloride ion penetration, and freeze–thaw durability of recycled micronized powder polypropylene-fiber-engineered cementitious composites (RMP-PP-ECCs). It was found that, with the increase in RMP substitution rate and fiber content, the mechanical, chloride ion permeation, and freeze–thaw resistance of recycled micronized powder polypropylene-fiber-engineered cementitious composites showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing when the RMP substitution rate was 10%, and the fiber content was 1.5%; the compressive, tensile, chloride ion permeation, and freeze–thaw resistance of recycled micronized powder polypropylene-fiber-engineered cementitious composites were most obviously improved. Compressive strength performance increased by 18.8%, tensile strength performance increased by 80.8%, maximum tensile strain increased by 314%, and electrical flux decreased by 56.3%. Meanwhile, when the recycled micronized powder substitution rate was 10%, the fiber content was 1%, with the most obvious improvement in flexural and freeze–thaw cycle resistance, compared with the control group 28 d flexural strength increased by 22%, after 150 freeze–thaw cycles, the mass-loss rate was reduced by 26%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus was improved by 4%. In addition, the chemical composition of the regenerated microfractions and the defects in the matrix of the fracture surface of the tensile specimens, the distribution of polypropylene fibers, the surface morphology, and the failure mode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

The existing large inflatable membrane structure is complex in structure and takes a long time to be extended. In this paper, an air-ribbed skeleton membrane structure is proposed to meet the requirement of camp and emergency tents needing to be set up quickly and easily. Ten single-arch air ribs are arranged side by side to support the tarpaulin, and wind ropes are added to the end and side faces of the tarpaulin to remain stable. The finite element model of the air-ribbed skeleton membrane structure is established to analyze the stress and the displacement of the membrane structure under combined wind and snow loads. The maximum displacement (439.4 mm) and maximum stress (29.94 MPa) are both within the safe standard. The stress and the displacement of the membrane structure in the wind load case is affected by the angle of the wind. The value of maximum stress and displacement at the wind angle of 90° are both lower than those at 0° and 45° in the wind load case. It is advisable to align the site layout of the membrane structure at the wind angle of 90°. The effect of the angle of wind ropes on the stress and displacement of the membrane structure is also studied. The maximum stress and displacement in the case when the angle of wind rope is 30° is smaller than those in the case when the angle of wind ropes is 45°. It is recommended that the wind rope should be laid at 30° to reinforce the membrane structure.

This study explored the nitrate reduction by Al-Fe alloy. The nitrate conversions of fresh, 30-day and 90-day alloys were 78.1%, 42.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Water activation promoted the reducing ability of the alloy (98% nitrate removal), which was higher than that of copper deposited alloy (66%) and H2-reducing/acid/alkali/Cl− activated alloy (no enhancement). The effects of pre-treatments on the surface O fraction changes confirmed the activation results. With increased Fe:Al mass ratio in the alloy, nitrate conversion initially decreased and then increased again, verifying the proposed electron-donator activity of Al or Fe in alloys. Al-Fe30 had the highest NO3− conversion and Al13Fe4 content, so Al-Fe30 was selected. Significant differences in conversion were observed in alloy usages of 5–10 and 15–30 g/L. High reduction performance (nitrate below the detection limit and 19.1% N2 selectivity) was achieved under the optimal conditions: 15 g/L Al-Fe30, 150 min reaction and without pH adjustment. The rate constants of nitrate removal, nitrogen generation and ammonia generation were k1 = 1.43 × 10−2, k2 = 3.41 × 10−2 and k3 = 10.58 × 10−2 min−1, respectively. The value of (k2 + k3)/k1 was 10, indicating that the conversion of nitrate into nitrite was the rate-determining step. The repetition reaction was performed, and the rate constant decreased as the reaction step was repeated.