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Nitrate Reduction through Al-Fe Alloy Catalyst: Effects of Activation Pre-Treatment Method and Alloy Type
- Source :
- Water, Vol 15, Iss 17, p 3122 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- This study explored the nitrate reduction by Al-Fe alloy. The nitrate conversions of fresh, 30-day and 90-day alloys were 78.1%, 42.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Water activation promoted the reducing ability of the alloy (98% nitrate removal), which was higher than that of copper deposited alloy (66%) and H2-reducing/acid/alkali/Cl− activated alloy (no enhancement). The effects of pre-treatments on the surface O fraction changes confirmed the activation results. With increased Fe:Al mass ratio in the alloy, nitrate conversion initially decreased and then increased again, verifying the proposed electron-donator activity of Al or Fe in alloys. Al-Fe30 had the highest NO3− conversion and Al13Fe4 content, so Al-Fe30 was selected. Significant differences in conversion were observed in alloy usages of 5–10 and 15–30 g/L. High reduction performance (nitrate below the detection limit and 19.1% N2 selectivity) was achieved under the optimal conditions: 15 g/L Al-Fe30, 150 min reaction and without pH adjustment. The rate constants of nitrate removal, nitrogen generation and ammonia generation were k1 = 1.43 × 10−2, k2 = 3.41 × 10−2 and k3 = 10.58 × 10−2 min−1, respectively. The value of (k2 + k3)/k1 was 10, indicating that the conversion of nitrate into nitrite was the rate-determining step. The repetition reaction was performed, and the rate constant decreased as the reaction step was repeated.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734441
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Water
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.27060a0a0bb641e385b9198f8f43b662
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173122